Three-Dimensional Fluctuating Couette Flow Through The Porous Plates With Heat Transfer

THREE-DIMENSIONAL FLUCTUATING COUETTE
FLOW THROUGH THE POROUS PLATES WITH

HEAT TRANSFER
M. GURIA AND R. N. JANA
Received 23 March 2006; Accepted 23 March 2006
Unsteady Couette flow of a viscous incompressible fluid between two horizontal porous
flat plates is considered. The stationary plate is subjected to a periodic suction and the
plate in uniform motion is subjected to uniform injection. Approximate solutions have
been obtained for the velocity and the temperature fields, skin friction by using pertur-
bation technique. The heat transfer characteristic has also been studied on taking viscous
dissipation into account. It is found that the main flow velocity decreases with increase
in frequency parameter. On the other hand, the magnitude of the cross-flow velocity in-
creases with increase in frequency parameter. It is seen that the amplitude of the shear
stress due to main flow decreases while that due to cross-flow increases with increase in
frequency parameter. It is also seen that the tangent of phase shifts both due to the main
and cross-flows decrease with increase in frequency parameter. It is observed that the
temperature increases with increase in frequency parameter.
Copyright © 2006 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
Couette flow is important in numerous mechanisms involving the relative motion of two
surfaces. The problem of Couette flow is considered important in transpiration cooling.
In this process several engines can be protected from the influence of hot gases. This
process is used in turbojet and rocket engines, like combustion chamber walls, exhaust
nozzles, and gas turbine blades. The solution is well known when both surfaces are flat
and moving in their own planes. An exact solution of Navier-Stokes equations between
two parallel plates without suction is well known in Schlichting [3]. Two-dimensional
plane Couette flow with transpiration cooling applying uniform injection and suction
at the porous plates is discussed by Eckert [1]. Gersten and Gross [2] studied the three-
dimensional flow and heat transfer along a flat plate by applying periodic suction. Singh
et al. [7] analyzed the three-dimensional flow and heat transfer past a vertical wall. Singh
et al. [6] and Singh [4] studied the three-dimensional flow and heat transfer past a porous
Hindawi Publishing Corporation

International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences
Volume 2006, Article ID 61023, Pages 1–18
DOI 10.1155/IJMMS/2006/61023
2 Three-dimensional Couette flow with heat transfer
plate. Recently Singh [5] discussed the Couette flow between two parallel plates with
transverse sinusoidal injection of the fluid at the stationary plate and the constant suction
at the plate in motion.
However, the application of the transverse sinusoidal injection or suction velocity in
the unsteady problem of transpiration cooling has not yet received much attention. In
the present paper we have studied the unsteady Couette flow and heat transfer between
two horizontal parallel porous flat plates with periodic suction at the stationary plate and
constant injection at the plate in motion. We assume that the periodic suction velocity
is time-dependent and perpendicular to the flow direction. Due to the periodic suction
the flow becomes three dimensional. The main flow velocity profile, cross-flow velocity
profile, and shear stress have been calculated and plotted. The heat transfer characteris-
tic has also been studied on taking viscous dissipation into account. It is found that the
main flow velocity increases with the increase in either Reynolds number or suction pa-
rameter, while it decreases with the increase in frequency parameter. On the other hand,
the magnitude of the cross-flow velocity increases with the increase in either suction pa-
rameter or frequency parameter, while it increases near the stationary plate and decreases
near the moving plate with the increase in Reynolds number. It is seen that the ampli-
tude of the shear stress due to main flow increases with the increase in Reynolds number
but decreases with the increase in frequency parameter. The phase shift decreases with
the increase in frequency parameter. But for very small values of Reynolds number, it
increases and decreases for large Reynolds number. Also it is seen that the amplitude of
the shear stress due to cross-flow increases with the increase in either Reynolds num-
ber or frequency parameter. The phase shift decreases with the increase in frequency pa-
rameter while it increases with the increase in Reynolds number. It is observed that the
temperature increases with the increase in frequency parameter, on the other hand, it in-
creases near the stationary plate and decreases near the moving plate with the increase in
Reynolds number.
2. Formulation of the problem
Consider the unsteady flow of a viscous incompressible fluid between two horizontal flat
porous plates separated by a distance d. The upper plate moves with a uniform velocity
U in the direction of the flow. We choose a cartesian coordinate system with its origin on
the lower stationary plate, x -axis is in the direction of the flow, y -axis is perpendicular
to the plate, and z -axis normal to the x y -plane.
The upper plate is subjected to a constant injection −V0 and the lower plate to a trans-
verse sinusoidal suction velocity distribution of the form

πz
v = −V0 1 + cos − ct , (2.1)
d
where ( 1) is the amplitude of the suction velocity. Denoting velocity components

u , v , w in the directions x -, y -, and z -axes, respectively, the flow is governed by
M. Guria and R. N. Jana 3
the following equations:
∂v ∂w
+ = 0,
∂y ∂z

∂u ∂u ∂u ∂2 u ∂2 u

+ v + w = ν + ,
∂t ∂y ∂z ∂y 2 ∂z2
(2.2)
∂v ∂v ∂v 1 ∂p ∂2 v ∂2 v

+ v + w = −
+ν + ,
∂t ∂y ∂z ρ ∂y ∂y 2 ∂z2

∂w ∂w

∂w
1 ∂p ∂2 w ∂2 w
+ v + w = − + ν + ,
∂t ∂y ∂z ρ ∂z ∂y 2 ∂z2
where ν is the kinematic viscosity, ρ is the density, p is the fluid pressure.

The boundary conditions of the problem are

π
u = 0, v = −V0 1 + cos z − ct , w = 0 at y = 0,
d (2.3)

u = U, v = −V 0 , w = 0 at y = d.
Introducing the nondimensional variables
y z p u v w
y= , z= , t = ct , p= , u= , v= , w= , (2.4)
d d ρU 2 U U U
equation (2.2) becomes
∂v ∂w
+ = 0,
∂y ∂z

∂u ∂u ∂u ∂2 u ∂2 u
ω + Re v + w = + ,
∂t ∂y ∂z ∂y 2 ∂z2
(2.5)
∂v ∂v ∂v ∂p ∂2 v ∂2 v
ω + Re v + w = − Re + + ,
∂t ∂y ∂z ∂y ∂y 2 ∂z2

∂w ∂w ∂w ∂p ∂2 w ∂2 w
ω + Re v +w = − Re + + ,
∂t ∂y ∂z ∂z ∂y 2 ∂z2
where Re = Ud/ν, the Reynolds number; S = V0 /U, the suction parameter; and ω =
cd2 /ν, the frequency parameter. Using (2.4) the boundary conditions (2.3) become
u = 0, v = −S[1 + cos(πz − t)], w = 0 at y = 0,

(2.6)
u = 1, v = −S, w = 0 at y = 1.
3. Solution of the problem
In order to solve the differential equation (2.5), we assume the solution of the following
form:
u = u0 (y) + u1 (y,z,t) + 2 u2 (y,z,t) + · · · ,
v = v0 (y) + v1 (y,z,t) + 2 v2 (y,z,t) + · · · ,

(3.1)
w = w0 (y) + w1 (y,z,t) + 2 w2 (y,z,t) + · · · ,
p = p0 (y) + p1 (y,z,t) + 2 p2 (y,z,t) + · · · .
When = 0 the flow becomes two-dimensional with constant suction and injection at
both the plates. In this case (2.5) is reduced to
v0 = 0,
(3.2)
u
0 + SReu0 = 0,
where the primes denote differentiation with respect to y, and the corresponding bound-
ary conditions are
u0 = 0, v0 = −S at y = 0,
(3.3)
u0 = 1, v0 = −S at y = 1.
The solutions of (3.2) using (3.3) become
1 − e−SRe y
v0 (y) = −S, u0 (y) = . (3.4)
1 − e−SRe
When = 0, for small values of , we take only upto O(). Substituting (3.1) in (2.5) and
comparing the coefficients of from both sides, we get
∂v1 ∂w1
+ = 0, (3.5)
∂y ∂z

∂u1 ∂u ∂u ∂2 u1 ∂2 u1
ω + Re − S 1 + v1 0 = + 2 , (3.6)
∂t ∂y ∂y ∂y 2 ∂z
∂v1 ∂v1 ∂p1 ∂2 v1 ∂2 v1

ω − SRe = − Re + 2 + 2, (3.7)
∂t ∂y ∂y ∂y ∂z
∂w1 ∂w1 ∂p1 ∂2 w1 ∂2 w1
ω − SRe = − Re + + . (3.8)
∂t ∂y ∂z ∂y 2 ∂z2
The corresponding boundary conditions are reduced to
u1 = 0, v1 = −Scos(πz − t), w1 = 0 at y = 0,
(3.9)
u1 = 0, v1 = 0, w1 = 0 at y = 1.
These are the linear partial differential equations describing the three-dimensional flow.
To solve (3.6), (3.7), and (3.8) we assume u1 , v1 , w1 , and p1 of the following form:
u1 (y,z,t) = u11 (y)ei(πz−t) ,
v1 (y,z,t) = v11 (y)ei(πz−t) ,

(3.10)
i
w1 (y,z,t) = v (y)ei(πz−t) ,
π 11
p1 (y,z,t) = p11 (y)ei(πz−t) .
The corresponding boundary conditions are

u11 = 0, v11 = −S, v11 = 0 at y = 0,
(3.11)

u11 = 0, v11 = 0, v11 =0 at y = 1.
Substituting (3.10) in (3.6), (3.7), and (3.8), we get the following differential equations:

u 2
11 + SReu11 − π − iω u11 = Rev11 u0 ,

v11 + SRev11 − π 2 − iω v11 = Re p11 , (3.12)

v11 + SRev11 − π 2 − iω v11 = Reπ 2 p11 .
Solving (3.12) under the boundary conditions (3.11), we get
u1 (y,z,t) = A3 e−r1 y + A4 e−r2 y + C1 e−(r1 +SRe)y + C2 e−(r2 +SRe)y

(3.13)
+ C3 e(π −SRe)y + C4 e−(π+SRe)y ei(πz−t) ,

v1 (y,z,t) = Ae−r1 y + Be−r2 y + Ceπ y + De−π y ei(πz−t) , (3.14)
i
w1 (y,z,t) = − Ar1 e−r1 y + Br2 e−r2 y − Cπeπ y + Dπe−π y ei(πz−t) , (3.15)
π

p1 (y,z,t) = A1 eπ y + A2 e−π y ei(πz−t) , (3.16)
where

SRe + S2 Re2 +4 π 2 − iω SRe − S2 Re2 +4 π 2 − iω
r1 = , r2 = ,
2 2

Seπ πr4 + r6 + Se−π r6 − πr4 −Seπ r5 + πr3 − Se−π r5 − πr3
A= , B= ,
2 r3 r6 − r4 r5 2 r3 r6 − r4 r5
1 1
C=− A π − r1 + B π − r2 + Sπ , D=− A π + r1 + B π + r2 + Sπ ,
2π 2π

π − r1 π π + r1 −π π − r2 π π + r2 −π
r3 = e−r1 − e − e , r4 = e−r2 − e − e ,
2π 2π 2π 2π
1 1 1 1
r5 = r1 e−r1 + eπ π − r1 − e−π π + r1 , r6 = r2 e−r2 + eπ π − r2 − e−π π + r2 ,
2 2 2 2
SRe2 A SRe2 B
C1 = , C2 = ,
1 − e−SRe r12 + SRer1 − π 2 + iω 1 − e−SRe r22 + SRer2 − π 2 + iω
SRe2 C SRe2 D
C3 = , C4 = ,
1 − e−SRe (iω − πSRe 1 − e−SRe (iω + πSRe)
SReπ + iω SRe π − iω
A1 = C, A2 = D,
Reπ Re π

A3 = − A4 + C1 + C2 + C3 + C4 ,
1

A4 = −r1 C1 e−r1 −SRe − e−r1 + C2 e−r2 −SRe − e−r1
e − e −r 2

+C3 eπ −SRe − e−r1 + C4 e−π −SRe − e−r1 .
(3.17)
4. Result and discussion

We have presented the nondimensional main flow velocity u against y for different values
of Reynolds number Re, suction parameter S, and frequency parameter ω for z = 0.0,
t = 0.2, = 0.2 in Figures 4.1, 4.2, and 4.3. From the figure it is seen that the main flow
velocity u increases with increase in either Re or S, while it decreases with the increase in
ω. The cross-flow velocity profile is shown in Figures 4.4 and 4.5 against y for z = 0.5,
t = 0.2, = 0.2. It is observed that the magnitude of the cross-flow velocity w increases
with the increase in either S or ω but it increases near the stationary plate and decreases
near the moving plate with the increase in Re. This is due to the fact that suction at the
stationary plate and injection at the moving plate are two exactly opposite processes. Also
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
u 0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
y
Re = 0.5 Re = 2
Re = 1 Re = 2.5
Re = 1.5
Figure 4.1. Main velocity u for ω = 6.0, S = 1.0, t = 0.2, z = 0.0, = 0.2.
0.8
u 0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
y
S = 0.2 S=1
S = 0.4 S = −0.5
S = 0.6 S = −1
S = 0.8
Figure 4.2. Main velocity u for ω = 6.0, Re = 5.0, Z = 0.0, t = 0.2, = 0.2.
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
u 0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
y
ω=2 ω = 10
ω=6 ω = 14
Figure 4.3. Main velocity u for S = 1.0, Re = 5.0, t = 0.2, z = 0.0, = 0.2.
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
−10w
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
y
Re = 0.5 Re = 2
Re = 1 Re = 2.5
Re = 1.5
Figure 4.4. Cross-velocity −10w for ω = 6.0, S = 1.0, z = 0.5, t = 0.2, = 0.2.
the variations of cross-velocity w for different values of ω are shown in Table 4.1. From
the table it is observed that the magnitude of w increases with increase in ω.
1.5
0.5
−10w
−0.5
−1
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
y
S = 0.2 S=1
S = 0.4 S = −0.5
S = 0.6 S = −1
S = 0.8
Figure 4.5. Cross-velocity −10w for ω = 6.0, Re = 5.0, z = 0.5, t = 0.2, = 0.2.
The nondimensional shear stress components due to the main flow and cross-flow at
the plate y = 0 are, respectively,

dτx∗ du0 du1
τx = = +
μU dy y =0 dy y =0

du0 du11
= + ei(πz−t)
dy y =0 dy y =0

= τu0 + Re1 cos πz − t + φ1 ,
(4.1)
dτ ∗ dw0 dw1
τz = z = +
μU dy y =0 dy y =0

i dv11
= ei(πz−t)
π dy y =0

= Re2 cos πz − t + φ2 ,
where
1/2 Y1
Re1 = X12 + Y12 , tanφ1 = ,
X1
1/2
(4.2)
Y
Re2 = X22 + Y22 , tanφ2 = 2 .
X2
Table 4.1. Cross-flow velocity for S = 1.0, Re = 5.0, z = 0.5, t = 0.2, = 0.2.
y −10w
ω = 2.0 ω = 6.0 ω = 10.0 ω = 14.0

0.00 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000
0.20 1.109254 1.113393 1.118991 1.125880
0.40 0.907241 0.903539 0.898763 0.893008
0.60 0.568972 0.565611 0.561192 0.555843
0.80 0.282000 0.281842 0.281629 0.281395
1.00 0.000011 0.000000 −0.00500302 0.000001
Table 4.2. Shear stress due to main flow.
Re Re1 − tan φ1
ω = 5.0 ω = 10.0 ω = 15.0 ω = 5.0 ω = 10.0 ω = 15.0

0.4 0.3133 0.1787 0.1344 1.0171 1.2728 1.2516
0.6 0.4892 0.2891 0.2182 0.6059 0.9704 1.0421
0.8 0.6606 0.4119 0.3132 0.3236 0.7402 0.8681
1.0 0.8185 0.5452 0.4191 0.0970 0.5541 0.7193
Table 4.3. Shear stress due to cross-flow.
Re Re2 − tan φ2
ω = 5.0 ω = 10.0 ω = 15.0 ω = 5.0 ω = 10.0 ω = 15.0

0.4 3.9497 4.1925 4.5407 6.2946 3.3011 2.3627
0.6 4.0614 4.2989 4.6407 6.5018 3.4055 2.4331
0.8 4.1760 4.4080 4.7430 6.7209 3.5155 2.5070
1.0 4.2937 4.5198 4.8478 6.9523 3.6316 2.5847
The shear stresses due to main flow and cross-flow are shown in Tables 4.2 and 4.3 for
S = 1.0. From the table it is seen that the amplitude Re1 of the shear stress due to main
flow increases with the increase in Re but decreases with the increase in ω. The magnitude
of the tangent of phase shift tanφ1 decreases with the increase in ω while it increases for
small values of Re and decreases for large values of Re. It is also seen from Table 4.2 that
there is always a phase lag. Table 4.3 shows the shear stress due to cross-flow for S = 1.0.
It is observed that the amplitude Re2 of shear stress due to cross-flow increases with the
increase in either Re or ω. It is also seen that there is always a phase lag. The magnitude
of the tangent of phase angle increases with the increase in Re but decreases with the
increase in ω.
5. Heat transfer
To find the temperature distribution we consider the energy equation

∂T ∂T

∂T
∂2 T ∂2 T μ
+ v + w = α + + Φ , (5.1)
∂t ∂y ∂z ∂y 2 ∂z2 ρC p
where Φ is the viscous dissipation function given by

2 2 2 2 2
∂v ∂w ∂u ∂w ∂v ∂u
Φ =2 + + + + + , (5.2)
∂y ∂z ∂y ∂y ∂z ∂z
where C p is the specific heat at constant pressure, and μ is the viscosity, α is the thermal
diffusivity of the fluid. We assume the temperature at the lower and upper plates are T0
and T1 (T1 > T0 ), respectively.
The temperature boundary conditions are
T = T0 at y = 0,
(5.3)
T = T1 at y = d.
Introducing the nondimensional variables
T − T0 μ U2
θ= , Pr = , Ec = (5.4)
T1 − T0 α C p T1 − T0
and on using (2.4), (5.1), and (5.2) become

∂θ ∂θ ∂θ ∂2 θ ∂2 θ
Prω + RePr v + w = + + PrEc Φ, (5.5)
∂t ∂y ∂z ∂y 2 ∂z2
where
2 2 2 2 2
∂v ∂w ∂u ∂u ∂w ∂v
Φ=2 + + + + + . (5.6)
∂y ∂z ∂y ∂z ∂y ∂z
The corresponding boundary condition is reduced to
θ(0) = 0 θ(1) = 1. (5.7)
We assume the solution of the temperature equation in the form
θ = θ0 (y) + θ1 (y,z,t) + 2 θ2 (y,z,t) + · · · . (5.8)
Substitute (5.8), (3.1) in (5.13) and equate the term independent of and the coefficients
of and neglect the higher order of as 1. Equating the terms independent of ,
we get

θ0 + SRePrθ0 = −Pr Ecu02 . (5.9)
The corresponding temperature boundary conditions are
θ0 (0) = 0, θ0 (1) = 1. (5.10)
Solving (5.9) under the boundary conditions (5.10), we get

θ0 (y) = h1 1 − e−SRePry + h2 e−2SRe y − 1 for Pr = 2.0,
(5.11)
θ0 (y) = D1 1 − e−2SRe y + D3 ye−2SRe y for Pr = 2.0,
where

1 + h2 1 − e−2SRe −Pr Ec
h1 = , h2 = 2 for Pr = 2.0,
1 − e−SRePr 2 1 − e−SRe (2 − Pr)
(5.12)
1 − D3 e−2SRe E SRe
D1 = , D3 = c 2 for Pr = 2.0.
1 − e−2SRe 1 − e−SRe
Equating the coefficient of from both sides, we have

∂θ ∂θ ∂θ ∂2 θ1 ∂2 θ1
Prω 1 + RePr v1 0 + v0 1 = + 2 + 2PrEcu0 u1 . (5.13)
∂t ∂y ∂y ∂y 2 ∂z
The corresponding conditions for θ1 are
θ1 (0) = 0, θ1 (1) = 0. (5.14)
We assume the solution of the above differential equation (5.13) of the form
θ1 (y,z,t) = θ11 (y)ei(πz−t) . (5.15)
Substituting (5.15) in (5.13) and on using (3.10), we get

θ11 + SRePrθ11 − π 2 − iPrω θ11 = Re Prθ0 v11 − 2PrEcu0 u11 . (5.16)
The corresponding boundary conditions are reduced to
θ11 (0) = 0, θ11 (1) = 0. (5.17)

The solution of (5.16) subject to the boundary conditions (5.17) and on using (3.4),
(3.13), (3.14), and (5.11) are

θ11 = L e−m1 y − e−m2 y

A −(r1 +SRe Pr)y B −(r +SRe Pr)y
2 2
+ S Re Pr h1 2
e − e−m2 y + e 2 − e−m2 y
λ1 λ2

C (π −SRePr)y D −(π+SRePr)y
+ e − e−m2 y + e − e−m2 y
λ3 λ4

EcC1 r1 + SRe 1 −(r1 +2SRe)y
− 2SRePr Ah2 Re − e − e−m2 y
1 − e−SRe λ5

EcC2 r2 + SRe 1 −(r2 +2SRe)y
+ Bh2 Re − e − e−m2 y
1 − e−SRe λ6
(5.18)
EcC (π − SRe) 1 (π −2SRe)y
+ Ch2 Re+ 3 −SRe e − e−m2 y
1−e λ7

EcC (π + SRe) 1 −(π+2SRe)y
+ Dh2 Re − 4 −SRe e − e−m2 y
1−e λ8

2Pr EcSRe A3 r1 −(r1 +SRe)y
+ e − e−m2 y
1 − e−SRe λ9

Ar
+ 4 2 e−(r2 +SRe)y − e−m2 y for Pr = 2.0,
λ10
and for Pr = 2.0,

C1 r1 + SRe 1 −(r1 +2SRe)y
θ11 (y) = L1 e−m3 y + M1 e−m4 y + 2ReAD4 + e
β μ1

C2 r2 + SRe 1 −(r2 +2SRe)y C (π − SRe) 1
+ 2ReBD4 + e + 2ReCD4 − 3
β μ2 β μ3

C4 (π + SRe) 1 −(π+2SRe)y
× e(π −2SRe)y + 2ReDD4 + e
β μ4

1 A3 r1 −(r1 +SRe)y A4 r2 −(r2 +SRe)y
+ e + e
β μ5 μ6

2 A 2 r1 + SRe
− 4SRe D3 y+
μ1 μ1

−(r1 +2SRe)y B 2 r2 + SRe C
×e + y+ e−(r2 +2SRe)y +
μ2 μ2 μ3

2(π − SRe) (π −2SRe)y D 2(π + SRe) −(π+2SRe)y
× y− e + y+ e ,
μ3 μ4 μ4
(5.19)
where
SRe Pr 1 2 2 2 2 1/2
m1,2 = ± S Re Pr + 4 π − iPrω ,
2 2
λ1,2 = SRer1,2 (Pr + 1.0) + iω(Pr − 1.0),
λ3,4 = Pr(iω ∓ Sπ Re),
λ5,6 = SRer1,2 (5 − Pr) + 2S2 Re2 (2 − Pr) + iω(Pr − 1.0),
λ7,8 = ±πSRe(Pr − 4.0) + 2S2 Re2 (2 − Pr) + iPrω,

λ9,10 = SRer1,2 (2 − Pr) + (1 − Pr) S2 Pr2 − iω ,
1
L = −m2
e − e−m1

A −(r1 +SRePr) −m2
× S2 Re2 Pr2 h1 e −e
λ1
B −(r2 +SRe Pr) −m2 C (π −SRePr) −m2
+ e −e + e −e
λ2 λ3

D −(π+SRe Pr) −m2
+ e −e
λ4

EcC1 r1 + SRe 1 −(r1 +2SRe) −m2
− 2SRePr Ah2 Re − e −e
1 − e−SRe λ5

EcC2 r2 + SRe 1 −(r2 +2SRe) −m2
+ Bh2 Re − e −e
1 − e−SRe λ6

EcC (π − SRe) 1 (π −2SRe) −m2
+ Ch2 Re + 3 −SRe e −e
1−e λ7

EcC (π + SRe) 1 −(π+2SRe) −m2
+ Dh2 Re − 4 −SRe e −e
1−e λ8

2PrEcSRe A3 r1 −(r1 +SRe) −m2 A4 r2 −(r2 +SRe) −m2
+ e −e + e −e for Pr = 2.0,
1 − e−SRe λ9 λ10
(5.20)
and for Pr = 2.0,

1/2
m3,4 = SRe ± S2 Re2 + π 2 − 2iω , μ1,2 = 3SRer1,2 + iω,
(5.21)
1 − e−SRe
μ3,4 = 2iω ∓ 2πSRe, μ5,6 = SRe r1,2 − SRe + iω, β= ,
4EcSRe
L1 and M1 are not given here to save space.

1.6
1.4
1.2
θ 0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
y
ω=2 ω=8
ω=4 ω = 12
ω=6
Figure 5.1. Temperature profile for Re = 5.0, Pr = 0.72, S = 1.0, Ec = 10.0, z = 0.5, t = 0.2, = 0.2.
The temperature profile has been plotted against y for different values of frequency
parameter ω and Reynolds number Re for Pr = 0.72, Ec = 10.0, S = 1.0, z = 0.5, t = 0.2
in Figures 5.1 and 5.2. It is observed that the temperature increases with the increase
in frequency parameter ω. On the other hand, it increases near the stationary plate and
decreases away from the stationary plate with the increase in Reynolds number Re.
One of the most important characteristics of the problem is the rate of heat transfer
at the plate. The rate of heat transfer from the plate y = 0 to the fluid may be calculated
using the formula qw = −(∂T/∂y) y=0 and can be put in nondimensional form in terms of
Nusselt number as

qw d dθ dθ0 dθ1
Nu = − =− =− −
k T1 − T0 dy y =0
dy y =0 dy y =0

dθ0 dθ11 (5.22)
=− − ei(πz−t)
dy y =0
dy y =0

= −θ0 − Re3 cos πz − t + φ3 for Pr = 2.0,
where
1/2 Y3
Re3 = X32 + Y32 , tanφ3 = , (5.23)
X3
1.6
1.4
1.2
θ 0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
y
Re = 2 Re = 8
Re = 4 Re = 10
Re = 6
Figure 5.2. Temperature profile for Pr = 0.72, ω = 6.0, Ec = 10.0, z = 0.5, t = 0.2, = 0.2.
and for Pr = 2.0,

qw d dθ dθ0 dθ1
Nu = − =− =− −
k T1 − T0 dy y =0 dy y =0
dy y =0

dθ0 dθ11 (5.24)
=− − ei(πz−t)
dy y =0
dy y =0

= −θ0 − Re4 cos πz − t + φ4 ,
where
1/2 Y4
Re4 = X42 + Y42 , tanφ4 = . (5.25)
X4
The rate of heat transfer due to the unsteady part of the temperature is shown in terms
of Nusselt number. The amplitude Re3 and the phase shift tanφ3 in Nusselt number are
shown in Figures 5.3 and 5.4 against Re for Pr = 0.72, S = 1.0, and Ec = 10.0 for different
values of ω. It is found that Re3 decreases with the increase in ω. This means that for
higher frequencies, rate of heat transfer decreases. Figure 5.1 shows the variation of the
phase shift of Nusselt number, tan φ3 with Re for different values of ω. It is found that for
3.5
2.5
Re3
1.5
0.5
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2
Re
ω = 10 ω = 30
ω = 15 ω = 35
ω = 20
Figure 5.3. The amplitude Re3 of Nusselt number for Pr = 0.72, S = 1.0, Ec = 10.
2.5
1.5
tan φ3
0.5
−0.5
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2
Re
ω = 12 ω = 30
ω = 14 ω = 32
ω = 16 ω = 34
Figure 5.4. Tangent of phase shift of Nusselt number tan φ3 for S = 1.0, Pr = 0.72, Ec = 10.
small frequencies there is a phase lead but for large frequencies there is a phase lag. The
tangent of the phase shift tanφ3 increases with the increase in Re.
Acknowledgment
M. Guria wishes to thank the University Grants Commission for financial provision for
this research.
References
[1] E. R. G. Eckert, Heat and Mass Transfer, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1958.
[2] K. Gersten and J. F. Gross, Flow and heat transfer along a plane wall with periodic suction,
Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Physik 25 (1974), 399–408.
[3] H. Schlichting, Boundary Layer Theory, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1979.
[4] K. D. Singh, Three-dimensional viscous flow and heat transfer along a porous plate, Zeitschrift für
Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik 73 (1993), no. 1, 58–61.
[5] , Three dimensional couette flow with transpiration cooling, Zeitschrift für Angewandte
Mathematik und Physik 50 (1999), no. 4, 661–668.
[6] P. Singh, V. P. Sharma, and U. N. Misra, Three dimensional fluctuating flow and heat transfer
along a plate with suction, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 21 (1978), no. 8,
1117–1123.
[7] , Three dimensional free convection flow and heat transfer along a porous vertical plate,
Applied Scientific Research 34 (1978), no. 1, 105–115.
M. Guria: Department of Applied Mathematics, Vidyasagar University,

Midnapore 721 102, India
E-mail address: mrinmoy9832@yahoo.com
R. N. Jana: Department of Applied Mathematics, Vidyasagar University,

Midnapore 721 102, India
E-mail address: jana261171@yahoo.co.in
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THREE-DIMENSIONAL FLUCTUATING COUETTE

FLOW THROUGH THE POROUS PLATES WITH

Received 23 March 2006; Accepted 23 March 2006

Copyright © 2006 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved.

Hindawi Publishing Corporation

2. Formulation of the problem

where ( 1) is the amplitude of the suction velocity. Denoting velocity components

the following equations:

where ν is the kinematic viscosity, ρ is the density, p is the fluid pressure.

Introducing the nondimensional variables

equation (2.2) becomes

u = 0, v = −S[1 + cos(πz − t)], w = 0 at y = 0,

3. Solution of the problem

u = u0 (y) + u1 (y,z,t) + 2 u2 (y,z,t) + · · · ,

v = v0 (y) + v1 (y,z,t) + 2 v2 (y,z,t) + · · · ,

p = p0 (y) + p1 (y,z,t) + 2 p2 (y,z,t) + · · · .

The solutions of (3.2) using (3.3) become

∂v1 ∂v1 ∂p1 ∂2 v1 ∂2 v1

The corresponding boundary conditions are reduced to

u1 (y,z,t) = u11 (y)ei(πz−t) ,

v1 (y,z,t) = v11 (y)ei(πz−t) ,

The corresponding boundary conditions are

Solving (3.12) under the boundary conditions (3.11), we get

u1 (y,z,t) = A3 e−r1 y + A4 e−r2 y + C1 e−(r1 +SRe)y + C2 e−(r2 +SRe)y

4. Result and discussion

ω = 2.0 ω = 6.0 ω = 10.0 ω = 14.0

Table 4.2. Shear stress due to main flow.

ω = 5.0 ω = 10.0 ω = 15.0 ω = 5.0 ω = 10.0 ω = 15.0

Table 4.3. Shear stress due to cross-flow.

ω = 5.0 ω = 10.0 ω = 15.0 ω = 5.0 ω = 10.0 ω = 15.0

where Φ is the viscous dissipation function given by

Introducing the nondimensional variables

and on using (2.4), (5.1), and (5.2) become

The corresponding boundary condition is reduced to

θ(0) = 0 θ(1) = 1. (5.7)

We assume the solution of the temperature equation in the form

θ = θ0 (y) + θ1 (y,z,t) + 2 θ2 (y,z,t) + · · · . (5.8)

The corresponding temperature boundary conditions are

θ0 (0) = 0, θ0 (1) = 1. (5.10)

Solving (5.9) under the boundary conditions (5.10), we get

Equating the coeﬃcient of from both sides, we have

The corresponding conditions for θ1 are

θ1 (0) = 0, θ1 (1) = 0. (5.14)

θ1 (y,z,t) = θ11 (y)ei(πz−t) . (5.15)

Substituting (5.15) in (5.13) and on using (3.10), we get

The corresponding boundary conditions are reduced to

θ11 (0) = 0, θ11 (1) = 0. (5.17)

and for Pr = 2.0,

λ5,6 = SRer1,2 (5 − Pr) + 2S2 Re2 (2 − Pr) + iω(Pr − 1.0),

λ7,8 = ±πSRe(Pr − 4.0) + 2S2 Re2 (2 − Pr) + iPrω,

and for Pr = 2.0,

L1 and M1 are not given here to save space.

and for Pr = 2.0,

M. Guria: Department of Applied Mathematics, Vidyasagar University,

R. N. Jana: Department of Applied Mathematics, Vidyasagar University,

The Scientific International Journal of

Submit your manuscripts at

International Journal of Advances in