INVESTIGATIVE NEWS EXAMPLE

By
Rizky Kurniawan
Journalisme 203
2201414124

Frankenstein the CIA Created

Mujahideen trained and funded by the US are among its deadliest foes,
reports Jason Burke in Peshawar
The Guardian, Sun 17 Jan 1999 05.42 GMT

When Clement Rodney Hampton-el, a hospital technician from Brooklyn, New

Jersey, returned home from the war in Afghanistan in 1989, he told friends his
only desire was to return. Though he had been wounded in the arm and leg by
a Russian shell, he said he had failed. He had not achieved martyrdom in the
name of Islam.

So he found a different theatre for his holy war and achieved a different sort of
martyrdom. Three years ago, he was convicted of planning a series of massive
explosions in Manhattan and sentenced to 35 years in prison.

Hampton-el was described by prosecutors as a skilled bomb-maker. It was

hardly surprising. In Afghanistan he fought with the Hezb-i-Islami group of
mujahideen, whose training and weaponry were mainly supplied by the CIA.

He was not alone. American officials estimate that, from 1985 to 1992, 12,500
foreigners were trained in bomb-making, sabotage and urban guerrilla warfare
in Afghan camps the CIA helped to set up.

Since the fall of the Soviet puppet government in 1992, another 2,500 are
believed to have passed through the camps. They are now run by an
assortment of Islamic extremists, including Osama bin Laden, the world's
most wanted terrorist.

Bin Laden arrived in Afghanistan from Saudi Arabia in 1979, aged 22. Though
he saw a considerable amount of combat - around the eastern city of Jalalabad
in March 1989 and, earlier, around the border town of Khost - his speciality
was logistics.

From his base in the Pakistani city of Peshawar, he used his experience of the
construction trade, and his money, to build a series of bases where the
mujahideen could be trained by their Pakistani, American and, if some recent
press reports are to be believed, British advisers.

One of the camps bin Laden built, known as Al-Badr, was the target of the
American missile strikes against him last summer. Now it is used by Harkat-
ul-Mujahideen, a Pakistan-based organisation that trains volunteers to fight in
Kashmir.

Some of their recruits kidnapped and almost certainly killed a group of

Western hostages a few years ago. The bases are still full of new volunteers,
many Pakistanis. Most of those who were killed in last August's strikes were
Pakistani.

A Harkut-ul-Mujahideen official said last week that it had Germans and

Britons fighting for the cause, as well as Egyptians, Palestinians and Saudis.
Muslims from the West as well as from the Middle East and North Africa are
regularly stopped by Pakistani police on the road up the Khyber Pass heading
for the camps. Hundreds get through. Afghan veterans have now joined bin
Laden's al-Qaeda group.

Some have returned to former battlegrounds, like the university-educated Dr

Ayman al-Zawahiri, a key figure in the Egyptian al-Jihad terrorist group. Al-
Zawahiri ran his own operation during the Afghan war, bringing in and
training volunteers from the Middle East. Some of the $500 million the CIA
poured into Afghanistan reached his group. Al-Zawahiri has become a close
aide of bin Laden and has now returned to Afghanistan to work with him. His
al-Jihad group has been linked to the Yemeni kidnappers.

One Saudi journalist who interviewed bin Laden in 1989 remembers three of
his close associates going under the names of Abu Mohammed, Abu Hafz and
Abu Ahmed. All three fought with bin Laden in the early Eighties, travelled
with him to the Sudan and have come back to Afghanistan. Afghan veterans,
believed to include men who fought the Americans in Somalia, have also
returned.

Other members of al-Quaeda remain overseas. Afghan veterans now linked to

bin Laden have been traced by investigators to Pakistan, East Africa, Albania,
Chechnya, Algeria, France, the US and Britain.

At least one of the kidnappers in Yemen was reported to have fought in

Afghanistan and to be linked to al-Quaeda. Despite reports that bin Laden was
effectively funded by the Americans, it is impossible to gauge how much
American aid he received. He was not a major figure in the Afghan war. Most
American weapons, including Stinger anti-aircraft missiles, were channelled
by the Pakistanis to the Hezb-i-Islami faction of the mujahideen led by
Gulbuddin Hekmatyar.
Bin Laden was only loosely connected with the group, serving under another
Hezb-i-Islami commander known as Engineer Machmud. However, bin
Laden's Office of Services, set up to recruit overseas for the war, received some
US cash.

But according to one American official, concentrating on bin Laden is a

mistake. 'The point is not the individuals,' he said last week. 'The point is that
we created a whole cadre of trained and motivated people who turned against
us. It's a classic Frankenstein's monster situation.'

Others point out that the military contribution of the 'Arabs', as the overseas
volunteers were known, was relatively small. 'The fighting was done by the
Afghans and most of them went back to their fields when Kabul fell to the
mujahideen,' said Kamaal Khan, a Pakistani defence analyst. 'Ironically, the
bulk of American aid went to the least effective fighters, who turned most
strongly to bite the hand that fed them.'