Lagrangian Equations:

d ∂T ∂T
Form1 : ( ) −
dt ∂ q̇k ∂q k
=W

where

T is kinetic energy

−∂V
W= isthe work function∧V is potential energy
∂ qk

q 1 , q 2 , … … … … … … … , q n arethe generalized coordinates

for ex :∈caseof rectangular coordinates , q1=x , q2= y ∧q3 =z

¿ case of spherical coordinates , q1=r , q 2=θ∧q3=φ

d ∂L ∂L
Form2 : ( ) −
dt ∂ q̇k ∂ qk
=0

where

L=T −V is called the Lagrangian .

Relation between Form 1 and 2 :

Few Examples:

Example 1

here as motion is∈one dimension ( along x axis ) , there is only one coordinatei . e q i=x

q̇ i= ẋ .
q k ∈Form2 has be taken as qi .

This is the Lagrangian equation of Motion for Spring.

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Example 2:
Equations of motion for a particle constrained to move in a plane subject to a central
−dV
force f (r) where f ( r )= where V isthe potential.
dr

as motion is∈two dimension ( along plane ) , there are two coordinates i. e q1=r ∧q 2=θ
 −dV
Where f ( r )=
dr

The Lagrange equations are given by

d ∂ L ∂ L 0∧d ∂ L ∂ L
( )
dt ∂ ṙ
−
∂r
=
dt ∂ θ̇ ( )
− =0
∂θ

……… (1)

and

…………(2)

(1) and (2) are the required Lagrange equations of motions.

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Example 3:

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Example 4:

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Example 5:

1
T = m ( ẋ 2 + ẏ 2 + ż 2 )
2

but ∈cylindrical coordinates x=ρ cos φ , y= ρsin φ∧z=z

find ẋ , ẏ ∧ż ; subtitute ∈equation for T .

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Example 6: