What Is Ldap?

Answer :
A GLDAP (Light-Weight Directory Access Protocol) determines how an object in an
Active Directory should be named. LDAP is the industry standard directory access
protocol, making Active Directory widely accessible to management and query
applications. Active Directory supports LDAPv2 and LDAPv3.
1) What is active directory?

Active directory authorizes and authenticates all users and computers in a window domain network, ensuring the
security of the computer and software. Through active directory various functions can be managed like creating admin
users, connecting to printers or external hard drives.

2) What is DHCP and what it is used for?

DHCP stands for dynamic host configuration protocol. It is used to allocate IP addresses to a large number of the
computer system in a network. It helps in managing the large number of IP’s very easily.

3) What is scope and super scope?

Scope consists of an IP address like gateway IP, subnet mask, DNS server IP. It can be used to communicate with the
other PCs in the network. The superscope becomes when you combine two or more scopes together.

4) What is DNS?

DNS mean Domain Naming Service and it is used for resolving IP addresses to name and names to IP address. DNS is
like a translator for computers, computers understand the number and not the alphabet. For example, if we type
like hotmail.com, the computer don’t understand this so they use DNS which converts (hotmail.com) into (numbers)
and then executes the command.

5) What is forward and reverse lookup in DNS?

When we convert IP address into names is called Reverse lookup, while converting names into IP address is called
Forward lookup.

Desktop Support

6) What is ‘A’ record and what is ‘MX record’?

‘A’ record is also known as host record, and it has ability to map the IP address by name. It is with this record that
DNS can find out the IP address of a name. While, ‘MX record’ also known as mail exchanger record, by the help of
‘MX’ record, location of the mail server is identified. The record is also found in DNS.

7) What is IPCONFIG command?

IPCONFIG command is used to display the IP information of the computer assigned like DNS IP address and gateway
IP address.

8) What would you use to connect two computers without using switches?

Cross cables are used to connect two computers without using switches.
9) What is a domain?

Domain is a set of computers which network recognizes by the internet. It can be used by centrally administer
computers. It is created when you install active directory.

10) Tell me if your system is infected by a virus how you will recover the data?

You need to re-install another system, latest anti-virus software and an O.S with latest patches. Before you start your
system, connect the infected HDD as a secondary drive then scan and clean the infected hard drive. Once done, you
can copy the files into the system.

11) What is the operating system?

Operating system acts as an interpreter between computer application and hardware. It works as an user interface.

12) What are the types of operating system or O.S?

The two types of operating systems are:

• NOS : Network Operating System. Examples of NOS- Windows NT, 2000,2003

• SOS : Simple Operating System. Examples of SOS – Windows 95,98, ME

13) Explain about RAS server?

RAS means Remote Access Server. It allows operating the tool or information that typically resides on a network or
IT devices through combination of hardware and software, for example connecting to printer or file. It is usually used
for mobile users who are in the network. It uses telephone line to provide connectivity to its users. It can also connect
two or more than two offices in the network.

14) Explain about VPN server?

VPN means Virtual Private Network. It is a private communications network often used by companies or
organizations to communicate confidentially over a public network. This is used by the mobile users in the network.

15) What is the difference between RAS and VPN server?

RAS is truly a local area connection between two connections whereas, VPN is a local connection spread over large
area.

16) What is IAS server?

IAS means Internet Authentication Service. For many types of network access like wireless, authenticating switch and
remote access dial-up they perform accounting and auditing, centralized connection authentication and authorization.

17) What is Ping command?

Between two or more devices, to check the physical IP connectivity Ping command is used.

18) What do you mean by clustering? What are the benefits?

When one or more computers work together as a single system by sharing their resources is known as clustering. The
benefits of clustering are that it reduces the load on one single system by sharing the load also it is used for
redundancy of the services.

19) What is a group?

Group is a collection of the user account. It provides the simplified administration in the network.

20) What is a child domain?

A child domain is the member domain of Windows 2000 Active Directory.

21) What are the benefits of a child domain?

Benefits of child domain are:

• Low network traffic

• Low administrative overhead
• Security boundary

22) What is OU?

OU means for Organizational Unit. It is a container within Active Directory which can hold users, groups and
computers. It is the smallest unit on which administrator can assign group policy settings.

23) Explain group policy?

Group policy provides the stream line access to all the users in the network, it can be used to define the users security
and networking policies. By group policy you can keep control over certain function like not allowing the users to
shut down the system or using the control panel or running the command. Group policy is applicable on active
directory container like OU, site and Domain.

24) What is the difference between permission, rights and policy?

“Policy” is assigned on active directory, like site, domain and OU. The “Rights” are assign to users and groups,
whereas, the “Permission” is assigned for network resources like file, folders and printers.

25) What is DC and ADC stands for?

DC stands for domain controller and ADC stands for additional domain controller.

ADC is a backup of domain controller. Domain controller is a server that checks the security measures like user id,
password.

26) What is the difference between DC (Domain controller) and ADC ( Additional
Domain Controller)?

There is one difference between domain controller and additional domain controller, on DC all five operational roles
are available while in ADC only three operational role is available.

27) What are the operational roles for DC (Domain controller) and ADC ( Additional
Domain Controller)?
Operational roles for DC (Domain controller) are:

• Domain Naming Master

• Schema Master
• RID Master
• PDC Emulator
• Infrastructure Master

Operational roles for ADC (Additional Domain Controller) are:

• PDC Emulator
• RID Master
• Infrastructure Master

28) What is a “Default Gateway”?

Default gateway is the IP address of the router in the network. In any case, if the users wants to switch on to another
network, or if they cannot locate their particular network than their query will be forwarded to default gateway.

29) How you can take backup of emails in ms outlook?

To take a back-up in the ms outlook, you have to go in control panel. In control panel you have to go under mail
option and then open the data file, select personal folder and click on open folder. After that, you have to copy .pst and
have to paste it wherever you want the backup.

30) What is trusting domain and trusted domain?

In trusting domain resources are available, while in trusted domain user’s account is available.

31) What is BUS speed?

The rate of communication speed between microprocessor and RAM is known as BUS speed.

32) Name the Active Directory Partitions?

There are three types of active directory partitions

• Schema partition
• Configuration partition
• Domain partition

33) What is Fixboot?

Fixboot write a new partition boot sector on to the system partition.

34) How many logical drive is it possible to fit on to a physical disk?

The maximum number of the logical drive that can fit on a physical disk is 24, while the extended partition can only
have 23 logical drives.

35) What is B Router?

B router means Bridge router. To provide communication between two or more different network like computer to
computer or computer to internet, B Router is used.

36) What is the major difference you can mention about Gateway and Router?

Gateway works on different network architecture and router works on same network architecture.

37) What is packet?

A packet is a logical grouping of information that comprises a header which contains user data and location
information.

38) What is SCSI?

SCSI stands for Small Computer System Interface. It is a standard electronic interface that allows personal computers
to communicate with peripheral hardware such as disk drives, tape drives, printers, CD-ROM drives. In “SCSI” the
rate of data transmission is fast.

39) How many classes are there for “IP addresses” and what are the ranges?

They are segregated into five classes

1. Class A === 0 -126 ( 127 is reserved for loop back)

2. Class B ==== 128- 191
3. Class C ==== 192-223
4. Class D ==== 224-239
5. Class E ==== 240-255

40) Explain the term FIXMBR?

FIXMBR it is a repair tool. It repairs the Master boot record of the Partition Boot Sector.

41) Explain the term SID?

SID stands for Security Identifier. Every computer object has a unique ID which is known as SID.

42) What is the difference between incremental backup and differential backup?

Differential backups will select only files that are changed since the last backup.

Incremental backups will select only the data that has changed since the last backup.

Example, On Sunday you do a backup of a 5 text file each of 40 MB. Total backup size will be 200MB

On Monday you change 2 lines in just ONE of the text file.

Under Differential backup, only the changed text file will be backed up. Total backup size will be 40MB

Under Incremental backup, only the data corresponding to the 2 lines will be backed up. Total backup size will be
just in bytes.
43) What is the difference between server OS and desktop OS?

Server OS gives centralized administration for users, shared resources and security while desktop OS gives access to
only local administration.

44) What is the difference between the MSI file and .EXE file?

MSI (Microsoft Installer) allows install, uninstall and repair the program with a single file, while .EXE file needs two
files to install and uninstall the software. Also,.EXE file is able to detect the existing version of the software and give
option to user to uninstall the program while MSI will instruct the users to use the add and remove program in control
panel to remove the existing product first and then you can install the new program.

45) What is BSOD? How do you troubleshoot it?

BSOD stands for blue screen of death. When there is some fault in OS or hardware then Windows can’t run the
program and gives a blue screen with a code. To resolve this problem the best way is to reboot the system. If it
doesn’t work than boot the system in the safe mode.

46) What is PTR (Program Troube Record) record?

This program record is used to check if the server name is connected with the IP address, it is exactly opposite to the
‘A’ record. This record is basically created in reverse lookup zone, so it is also known as Reverse DNS records or
pointer record.

PTR record= Give me an IP address and I will give you the name

‘A’ record= Give me the name and I will give you the IP address

47) What is reservation?

Basically, the term “Reservation” is used in DHCP server. Some network equipment or computer system needs a
specific IP address, in such case we make a reservation in DHCP server for that particular computer system. By
creating reservation it gives access to that particular IP address and at the same time prevents other computer system
to use that IP address.

48) What is SMTP server or POP server?

POP stands for post office protocol. It is basically used for sending and receiving the mail.

SMTP stands for simple mail transfer protocol. It is used for mail receiving purpose in the network.

49) What is RIS and why you use RIS?

RIS stands for remote installation services. It is used to install image from a Window server to a new hardware. We
use RIS because installing OS every time using a CD would be more time-consuming.

50) What is “Bootloader”?

Bootloader facilitates the loading of operating system on the system. It enables the booting process and gives OS
option to the users while starting the system.

1) What is active directory?

Active directory authorizes and authenticates all users and computers in a window domain network, ensuring the
security of the computer and software. Through active directory various functions can be managed like creating admin
users, connecting to printers or external hard drives.

2) What is DHCP and what it is used for?

DHCP stands for dynamic host configuration protocol. It is used to allocate IP addresses to a large number of the
computer system in a network. It helps in managing the large number of IP’s very easily.

3) What is scope and super scope?

Scope consists of an IP address like gateway IP, subnet mask, DNS server IP. It can be used to communicate with the
other PCs in the network. The superscope becomes when you combine two or more scopes together.

4) What is DNS?

DNS mean Domain Naming Service and it is used for resolving IP addresses to name and names to IP address. DNS is
like a translator for computers, computers understand the number and not the alphabet. For example, if we type
like hotmail.com, the computer don’t understand this so they use DNS which converts (hotmail.com) into (numbers)
and then executes the command.

5) What is forward and reverse lookup in DNS?

When we convert IP address into names is called Reverse lookup, while converting names into IP address is called
Forward lookup.

Desktop Support

6) What is ‘A’ record and what is ‘MX record’?

‘A’ record is also known as host record, and it has ability to map the IP address by name. It is with this record that
DNS can find out the IP address of a name. While, ‘MX record’ also known as mail exchanger record, by the help of
‘MX’ record, location of the mail server is identified. The record is also found in DNS.

7) What is IPCONFIG command?

IPCONFIG command is used to display the IP information of the computer assigned like DNS IP address and gateway
IP address.

8) What would you use to connect two computers without using switches?

Cross cables are used to connect two computers without using switches.

9) What is a domain?

Domain is a set of computers which network recognizes by the internet. It can be used by centrally administer
computers. It is created when you install active directory.

10) Tell me if your system is infected by a virus how you will recover the data?
You need to re-install another system, latest anti-virus software and an O.S with latest patches. Before you start your
system, connect the infected HDD as a secondary drive then scan and clean the infected hard drive. Once done, you
can copy the files into the system.

11) What is the operating system?

Operating system acts as an interpreter between computer application and hardware. It works as an user interface.

12) What are the types of operating system or O.S?

The two types of operating systems are:

• NOS : Network Operating System. Examples of NOS- Windows NT, 2000,2003

• SOS : Simple Operating System. Examples of SOS – Windows 95,98, ME

13) Explain about RAS server?

RAS means Remote Access Server. It allows operating the tool or information that typically resides on a network or
IT devices through combination of hardware and software, for example connecting to printer or file. It is usually used
for mobile users who are in the network. It uses telephone line to provide connectivity to its users. It can also connect
two or more than two offices in the network.

14) Explain about VPN server?

VPN means Virtual Private Network. It is a private communications network often used by companies or
organizations to communicate confidentially over a public network. This is used by the mobile users in the network.

15) What is the difference between RAS and VPN server?

RAS is truly a local area connection between two connections whereas, VPN is a local connection spread over large
area.

16) What is IAS server?

IAS means Internet Authentication Service. For many types of network access like wireless, authenticating switch and
remote access dial-up they perform accounting and auditing, centralized connection authentication and authorization.

17) What is Ping command?

Between two or more devices, to check the physical IP connectivity Ping command is used.

18) What do you mean by clustering? What are the benefits?

When one or more computers work together as a single system by sharing their resources is known as clustering. The
benefits of clustering are that it reduces the load on one single system by sharing the load also it is used for
redundancy of the services.

19) What is a group?

Group is a collection of the user account. It provides the simplified administration in the network.
20) What is a child domain?

A child domain is the member domain of Windows 2000 Active Directory.

21) What are the benefits of a child domain?

Benefits of child domain are:

• Low network traffic

• Low administrative overhead
• Security boundary

22) What is OU?

OU means for Organizational Unit. It is a container within Active Directory which can hold users, groups and
computers. It is the smallest unit on which administrator can assign group policy settings.

23) Explain group policy?

Group policy provides the stream line access to all the users in the network, it can be used to define the users security
and networking policies. By group policy you can keep control over certain function like not allowing the users to
shut down the system or using the control panel or running the command. Group policy is applicable on active
directory container like OU, site and Domain.

24) What is the difference between permission, rights and policy?

“Policy” is assigned on active directory, like site, domain and OU. The “Rights” are assign to users and groups,
whereas, the “Permission” is assigned for network resources like file, folders and printers.

25) What is DC and ADC stands for?

DC stands for domain controller and ADC stands for additional domain controller.

ADC is a backup of domain controller. Domain controller is a server that checks the security measures like user id,
password.

26) What is the difference between DC (Domain controller) and ADC ( Additional
Domain Controller)?

There is one difference between domain controller and additional domain controller, on DC all five operational roles
are available while in ADC only three operational role is available.

27) What are the operational roles for DC (Domain controller) and ADC ( Additional
Domain Controller)?

Operational roles for DC (Domain controller) are:

• Domain Naming Master

• Schema Master
• RID Master
• PDC Emulator
• Infrastructure Master
Operational roles for ADC (Additional Domain Controller) are:

• PDC Emulator
• RID Master
• Infrastructure Master

28) What is a “Default Gateway”?

Default gateway is the IP address of the router in the network. In any case, if the users wants to switch on to another
network, or if they cannot locate their particular network than their query will be forwarded to default gateway.

29) How you can take backup of emails in ms outlook?

To take a back-up in the ms outlook, you have to go in control panel. In control panel you have to go under mail
option and then open the data file, select personal folder and click on open folder. After that, you have to copy .pst and
have to paste it wherever you want the backup.

30) What is trusting domain and trusted domain?

In trusting domain resources are available, while in trusted domain user’s account is available.

31) What is BUS speed?

The rate of communication speed between microprocessor and RAM is known as BUS speed.

32) Name the Active Directory Partitions?

There are three types of active directory partitions

• Schema partition
• Configuration partition
• Domain partition

33) What is Fixboot?

Fixboot write a new partition boot sector on to the system partition.

34) How many logical drive is it possible to fit on to a physical disk?

The maximum number of the logical drive that can fit on a physical disk is 24, while the extended partition can only
have 23 logical drives.

35) What is B Router?

B router means Bridge router. To provide communication between two or more different network like computer to
computer or computer to internet, B Router is used.

36) What is the major difference you can mention about Gateway and Router?

Gateway works on different network architecture and router works on same network architecture.
37) What is packet?

A packet is a logical grouping of information that comprises a header which contains user data and location
information.

38) What is SCSI?

SCSI stands for Small Computer System Interface. It is a standard electronic interface that allows personal computers
to communicate with peripheral hardware such as disk drives, tape drives, printers, CD-ROM drives. In “SCSI” the
rate of data transmission is fast.

39) How many classes are there for “IP addresses” and what are the ranges?

They are segregated into five classes

1. Class A === 0 -126 ( 127 is reserved for loop back)

2. Class B ==== 128- 191
3. Class C ==== 192-223
4. Class D ==== 224-239
5. Class E ==== 240-255

40) Explain the term FIXMBR?

FIXMBR it is a repair tool. It repairs the Master boot record of the Partition Boot Sector.

41) Explain the term SID?

SID stands for Security Identifier. Every computer object has a unique ID which is known as SID.

42) What is the difference between incremental backup and differential backup?

Differential backups will select only files that are changed since the last backup.

Incremental backups will select only the data that has changed since the last backup.

Example, On Sunday you do a backup of a 5 text file each of 40 MB. Total backup size will be 200MB

On Monday you change 2 lines in just ONE of the text file.

Under Differential backup, only the changed text file will be backed up. Total backup size will be 40MB

Under Incremental backup, only the data corresponding to the 2 lines will be backed up. Total backup size will be
just in bytes.

43) What is the difference between server OS and desktop OS?

Server OS gives centralized administration for users, shared resources and security while desktop OS gives access to
only local administration.

44) What is the difference between the MSI file and .EXE file?
MSI (Microsoft Installer) allows install, uninstall and repair the program with a single file, while .EXE file needs two
files to install and uninstall the software. Also,.EXE file is able to detect the existing version of the software and give
option to user to uninstall the program while MSI will instruct the users to use the add and remove program in control
panel to remove the existing product first and then you can install the new program.

45) What is BSOD? How do you troubleshoot it?

BSOD stands for blue screen of death. When there is some fault in OS or hardware then Windows can’t run the
program and gives a blue screen with a code. To resolve this problem the best way is to reboot the system. If it
doesn’t work than boot the system in the safe mode.

46) What is PTR (Program Troube Record) record?

This program record is used to check if the server name is connected with the IP address, it is exactly opposite to the
‘A’ record. This record is basically created in reverse lookup zone, so it is also known as Reverse DNS records or
pointer record.

PTR record= Give me an IP address and I will give you the name

‘A’ record= Give me the name and I will give you the IP address

47) What is reservation?

Basically, the term “Reservation” is used in DHCP server. Some network equipment or computer system needs a
specific IP address, in such case we make a reservation in DHCP server for that particular computer system. By
creating reservation it gives access to that particular IP address and at the same time prevents other computer system
to use that IP address.

48) What is SMTP server or POP server?

POP stands for post office protocol. It is basically used for sending and receiving the mail.

SMTP stands for simple mail transfer protocol. It is used for mail receiving purpose in the network.

49) What is RIS and why you use RIS?

RIS stands for remote installation services. It is used to install image from a Window server to a new hardware. We
use RIS because installing OS every time using a CD would be more time-consuming.

50) What is “Bootloader”?

Bootloader facilitates the loading of operating system on the system. It enables the booting process and gives OS
option to the users while starting the system.

Answer :
Windows Deployment Services is a server role used to deploy Windows operating
systems remotely. WDS is mainly used for network-based OS installations to set up new
computers.

What Are Main Email Servers And Which Are Their Ports?
Answer :
Email servers can be of two types:
Incoming Mail Server (POP3, IMAP, HTTP): The incoming mail server is the server
associated with an email address account. There cannot be more than one incoming
mail server for an email account. In order to download your emails, you must have the
correct settings configured in your email client program.
Outgoing Mail Server (SMTP): Most outgoing mail servers use SMTP (Simple Mail
Transfer Protocol) for sending emails. The outgoing mail server can belong to your ISP
or to the server where you setup your email account.
The main email ports are:
POP3 – port 110
IMAP – port 143
SMTP – port 25
HTTP – port 80
Secure SMTP (SSMTP) – port 465
Secure IMAP (IMAP4-SSL) – port 585
IMAP4 over SSL (IMAPS) – port 993
Secure POP3 (SSL-POP) – port 995

What Do Forests, Trees, And Domains Mean?

Answer :
Forests, trees, and domains are the logical divisions in an Active Directory network.
A domain is defined as a logical group of network objects (computers, users, devices)
that share the same active directory database. A tree is a collection of one or more
domains and domain trees in a contiguous namespace linked in a transitive trust
hierarchy.
At the top of the structure is the forest. A forest is a collection of trees that share a
common global catalog, directory schema, logical structure, and directory configuration.
The forest represents the security boundary within which users, computers, groups, and
other objects are accessible.

Differentiate Between Ntfs & Fat?

Answer :
NTFS is the current file system used by Windows. It offers features like security
permissions (to limit other users' access to folders), quotas (so one user can't fill up the
disk), shadowing (backing up) and many other features that help Windows.

FAT32 is the older Microsoft filesystem, primarily used by the Windows 9X line and
Window could be installed on a FAT32 parition up to XP. In comparision, FAT32 offers
none of what was mentioned above, and also has a maximum FILE (not folder) size of
4GB, which is kind of small these days, especially in regards to HD video.

What Is Voip?

Answer :
VOIP :Short for Voice Over Internet Protocol, a category of hardware and software that
enables people to use the Internet as the transmission medium for telephone calls by
sending voice data in packets using IP rather than by traditional circuit transmissions.
 Differentiate Between Firewall/antivirus?
Answer :
Antivirus: The prime job of an anivirus is protect your system from computer viruses.
Your computer may be standalone or part of network or connected to Internet you need
an antivirus program. It actively monitors when you are using your system for any virus
threat from different sources. if it found one it tries to clean or quarantine the virus
ultimately keeping your system and data safe.

Firewall: Firewall is in other hand a program which protects your system from
outsider/intruder/hacker attacks. These attacks may not be virus type. In some cases
hackers can take control of your system remotely and steal your data or important
information from system. If your system is directly connected to internet or a large
network than you can install a software firewall in your PC to protect your self from
unauthorized access. Firewall is available either in software or in hardware form. For a
single PC you may need a software firewall while a large corporate implements
hardware firewall to protect all of their systems from such attacks.

What Is Wins Server?

Answer :
Windows Internet Name Service (WINS) servers dynamically map IP addresses to
computer names (NetBIOS names). This allows users to access resources by computer
name instead of by IP address. If you want this computer to keep track of the names and
IP addresses of other computers in your network, configure this computer as a WINS
server.

If you do not use WINS in such a network, you cannot connect to a remote network
resource by using its NetBIOS name.

What Is The Windows Registry?

Answer :
The Windows Registry, usually referred to as "the registry," is a collection of databases
of configuration settings in Microsoft Windows operating systems.

Explain Icmp?
Answer :
ICMP is Internet Control Message Protocol, a network layer protocol of the TCP/IP suite
used by hosts and gateways to send notification of datagram problems back to the
sender. It uses the echo test / reply to test whether a destination is reachable and
responding. It also handles both control and error messages.

Define The Term "dmz" As It Pertains To Network Security, And Name

Three Different Common Network Devices That Are Typically Found

There?
Answer :
 It's easy to think of your network as the "inside", and everything else as "outside".
However, we've got a third area when it comes to firewalls - the DMZ.

From an IT standpoint, the DMZ is the part of our network that is exposed to outside
networks. It's common to find the following devices in a DMZ:
• FTP server
• Email server
• E-commerce server
• DNS servers
• Web servers.

Does The Cisco Ios Firewall Feature Set Act As A Stateful Or

Stateless Packet Filter?

Answer :
The Cisco IOS Firewall is a stateful filter.

How Can You Prevent A Brute Force Attack On A Windows Login Page?

Answer :
Setup a account lockout for specific number of attempts, so that the user account would
be locked up automatically after the specified number.

What Is Schema?
Answer :
Active directory schema is the set of definitions that define the kinds of object and the
type of information about those objects that can be stored in Active Directory
Active directory schema is Collection of object class and there attributes
Object Class = User
Attributes = first name, last name, email, and others

Tel Me About Active Directory Database And List The Active Directory
Database Files?
Answer :

o NTDS.DIT
o EDB.Log
o EDB.Che
o Res1.log and Res2.log

All AD changes didn’t write directly to NTDS.DIT database file, first write to EDB.Log and
from log file to database, EDB.Che used to track the database update from log file, to
know what changes are copied to database file.
NTDS.DIT: NTDS.DIT is the AD database and store all AD objects, Default location is
the %system root%nrdsnrds.dit, Active Directory database engine is the extensible
storage engine which us based on the Jet database
EDB.Log: EDB.Log is the transaction log file when EDB.Log is full, it is renamed to
EDB Num.log where num is the increasing number starting from 1, like EDB1.Log
EDB.Che: EDB.Che is the checkpoint file used to trace the data not yet written to
database file this indicate the starting point from which data is to be recovered from the
log file in case if failure
Res1.log and Res2.log: Res is reserved transaction log file which provide the
transaction log file enough time to shutdown if the disk didn’t have enough space.

How To Take Active Directory Backup?

Answer :
System state backup will backup the Active Directory, NTbackup can be used to backup
active directory.

How Many Domain Controllers Need To Back Up? Or Which Domain

Controllers To Back Up?
Answer :

Minimum requirement is to back up two domain controllers in each domain, one should
be an operations master role holder DC, no need to backup RID Master (relative ID)
because RID master should not be restored.