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On Citizenship under Article IV of the 1987 Constitution:

Citizenship is personal and more or less permanent membership in a


political community, where its core is the capacity to enjoy political rights,
hence, the right to vote, right to participate the government, among others.
The prohibition of aliens, whether individuals or incorporations, acquiring private
lands has been intended to protect lands from falling in the hands of non-
Filipinos. In the case of Lee v. Director of Lands, G.R. No. 128195, October 3,
2001, wherein the sale of land to an alien and eventually inherited by the alien’s
heirs who are Filipino citizens, the Supreme Court reiterated an old doctrine to
the effect that “if land is invalidly transferred to an alien who subsequently
becomes a citizen or transfers it to a citizen, the flaw in the original transaction is
considered cured and the title of the transferee is rendered valid."

On Citizenship under Article IV of the 1987 Constitution:


Citizenship is personal and more or less permanent membership in a
political community, where its core is the capacity to enjoy political rights,
hence, the right to vote, right to participate the government, among others.
The prohibition of aliens, whether individuals or incorporations, acquiring private
lands has been intended to protect lands from falling in the hands of non-
Filipinos. In the case of Lee v. Director of Lands, G.R. No. 128195, October 3,
2001, wherein the sale of land to an alien and eventually inherited by the alien’s
heirs who are Filipino citizens, the Supreme Court reiterated an old doctrine to
the effect that “if land is invalidly transferred to an alien who subsequently
becomes a citizen or transfers it to a citizen, the flaw in the original transaction is
considered cured and the title of the transferee is rendered valid."
On the extent of powers of the President in pursuing the peace process:
An unusual case surrounding the Supreme Court’s task to perform a
delicate balancing act in the pursuance of effective peace process is established
in North Cotabato, et al. v. Republic, G.R. No. 183591, October 15, 2008, on the
validity of the draft Memorandum of Agreement between the government and
the Mindanao Islamic Liberation Front (MILF). On this basis, subject that the
memorandum of agreement has already been withdrawn by the government and
the government has taken deliberate and significant steps from formally signing
it, its contents were declared unconstitutional, the unsigned writing to impose no
effect nor force. The decision of the Supreme Court rendered an advisory opinion
to that of the President on how to make peace agreements.

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