Npaktuueckoe pykosoncTBo Puuapg Nynnn AA CTYAeHTOB u Au3aiHepoBYAK 655.262(075.8) BBK 30.1873 nea Hay4nbiit peaakrop fioamuna Fpoanona ‘Msnano c paspewsenna Quarto Publishing Group USA Inc. Ha pycckom aspike nySnuxyerca enepanie Bospactuaa mapkuposka 8 COOTSeTCTaHH c @emepanvHbiM 22KOHOM ‘or 29 suexa6pa 2010 F. Ne 436-3: 16+ Nyame, Paswapa, FI64—Wikona ausaiiHa: maKer. MpakTaeckoe pykosoncreo Ana cryeHTos 4 AM3aliHepos / Pruapa Nynul : nep. ¢ atira. fl. Cemenosoit ; (Hay. pea. JI. Tpososa). — M.: Mann, Misano. vw depbep, 2020. — 232 c.: un ISBN 978-5-00146-102-9 B knure mb! Haligere OcHOBHEIe NpasHna H NpAKTAYECKME NPHMEpS! CORAaHKA MaKeTOD, Ona coctonr 3 npocTerx pazAenos, KarKAbiM 3 KOTOPEIX NOCBALKeH ONHOH TeMe H CoAeDKHT Bonpoce! Ana 3akpenneHina HOBol MHcbopMayA. 31 NO3BOMUT & KOPOTKHE CPOKH NO”AYIATS MaKCMMyM HeOGXOMMMBIX BePCTANIDUINKY BHAHMI H MPAMEMHTD Hx Ha NpaKTUKE, HaysHo-nonynapHoe usganne Ryawn Pavan UWkona ansaitna: Maket YAK 655.262(075.8) BBK 30.1873 Mpakrmveckoe pykosogcrso Ans cryqentos m quzaiHepos Pyxosoavrens pemaxunn Bepa Exits Uled-penaxrop Anexcangpa Yapioss (Onercrecrnei peaaxrop Anta fpmunia ‘urepatypueii peaakrTop fapes Banrpyusairnc ‘Apr-aupenop Mapua Kpacoecxan Bepcraa obnoxku w rexcTa Meamna (po3n08a Koppextopoi Oneca PowaHoea, Oner Nowowaps Hagexna Meron Bce npasa saumuters Hakan vacre aaiiod xian He MooeT Oo focnponanenen a xaKali Gut ro vi Guana chop ‘ue 63 nuceweniore paspewenne snagenvyen aeTopcnex apae ISBN 978-5-00146-102-9 (000 «Man, Meanos « ep6_ps www.mann-ivanov-fetber.ru facebook.com/mifbooks véscom/mitbooks instagram.com/mil_creative ognncako & nevare 15.05.2018. ‘@opuar 70%100 / raprrypa Cinta Bywara wenosatiag, Meuats o*pcervan, Yon. neu. n. 14,5, Twpax 6000 390, OmevaTako # Kura Original tle: Design School: Layout: A Practical Guide for Students and Designers © 2018 Quatro Publishing Group USA, nc. This Elition published by Mann, Ivanaw ang Ferber under licence from The Quarto Group, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 265-0, Beverly, MA G1015, USA. Al rights reserved. ‘Mo part of this publication may be reproduced, stored ina retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mecharical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission ‘of Quarto Publishing Group USA, Inc. © Nepeaoa na pyccxat amie (000 «Matin, VisaHos w ep6eps, 2020Lkona _u3zavHa MaKeT Mpaktn4eckoe pykoBogcTBO Puyapg Nynun A/a CTYAeHTOB M AM3ZaKHEpoB Tlepesog ¢ arnniicKoro Alapsn Cemenosoit Mocksa «Manu, Usavos u bep6ep» 2020Ornasnenne Npeaucnosne OcHosbi BepcTKH A6conioTHbie H oTHOCHTENbHEIE eaMHupi waMepeHia Cucrembi nponopuni Bonoroe cevenne NocnegosarensHocte bn6oHau4n Annamnueckne npamoyronbHnkh Apyrne cuctempi Katiow Bax Aep pacha Yeptex Bannapa Paabi npejnouturensiibix uncen Pag Penapa Cneynanbiibie wncna Npasuno pete Monynop MexayHapogHbii crangapr Gymarktibix chopmaros ISO Cratigaptuauposannbie kHW>KHbIe CDopMaTbL Mposepsre cea 13 4 v7 20 22 25 25 27 32 32 33 34 34 41 43 Anatomua ceTKH Nona Kononin Moaynu (Moaynbibie KneTkis) Moayntubie o6nacta Npo6ensisie crpoKn Mapxepoi Cpeannin (merkkonoHounbie wiTepsane!) 4 annen Moaynbrbie rpynnbt Tepmunonoras Mposepsre ce6a Cerkn Coapementan cerka Manycxpantnan cerka Cummerpuunbie ceri (oguoKonoHo4nbie, AByxKONOHOUHBIE MW MHOFoKONOHOUHEIE) Monynbitas cevka AcHmmerpiunan cetka (KonoHOuNaR, Moaynbeas) Cuctema 6as0sbix muni Mepapxmueckas ceTka Cerka Map6epa Cocrasiias cerka Mposepsre ce6a 45 50 52 54 54 54 56 56 56 58 n BB 74 78 83 92 7 102 106 m1 m2 6Tpwayunet KOMNO3KHYKK Bana Asuxenne Cummerpua ‘AcummeTpus BusyanbHas HanpakeHHocTS Kowrpacr ‘ourypa u ow Mposepsre ce6s Xapaktepucruku Bepcrkn MocnegosarensHocts M4 4epenosanne Martepx w dopma Putm w noToK Mpoctpancrso BoipasHueanne AKuenT, epapxns 4 MacuTa6 Mposepsre ce6a Npumepsi maketos 119 120 125 128 134 136 141 145 149 151 152 154 159 161 168 70 79 181 Orserb! Ha npoBepouHbie ynpakHeHna Bu6nnorpacbua AncbasutHbiid yka3zaTenb Nocnecnosue 06 astope BnaronapHocta Beixogubie qannbie Hag npoextom pasorann 222 227 228 232 232 232 232 232Sn ge ee ont sneakers) ones ey 3 A i Fete wate ae os ies ae foes de para 4 fone sh Ae te degen re areal +5 melon: cso aay. Sree ie soaker alg all eh ot te me cot aT wel Rog AR orm ios emt onl er Ei one es et SP mat a mg ed ipo nee Bao age aan Wom ath: ome joa ra tata ae po te a a as Burmpyeuancxuii venooex. 1487, Sleowapn0 fa Brn (4452-1519)Npegucnosne Cogepwencmeéo Oocmuzaemca He mozda, Ko2z0a He4ez0 npubaeum, HO KOz0q HuYez0 HeNb34 OMHAMb. Anya ge Cent-3ka1onepu. Mnaera moped. Ill Camoner | epcTkKa ABAeTCA OAHUM M3 MOLHEMLUUX MHCTPYM@HTOB BU3YasIbHOU BbIpasuTesb- | HOCTM M KOMMYHMKaLIM. STOT TEePMUH | | onucbiBaeT Mpoyecc Opranu3zayun | Y pa3smMeLeHusa Wpudpta, uz06paxeHun, UBeTa VU APyrux 3N€MeHTOB AV3aiHa BHYTPN OTZeENbHO B3ATOW KoMNO3uuynMn. Bepctka npeActasnaeT CO60K MeTOA, nocpeActBom KoTOpOro Au3avHep ynopagounsae;, pa3- MeLUaeT M KOMMOHYeT BU3yasIbHbIe 3/1EMeHTbI, CHbHEe BCero B/MAtOLMe Ha NOHMMaHve MHcopmalnn u onpese- JMOLNe peakuuio Ha Hee. Ecnv KOMNO3MYMOHHasa CxeMa BEPCTKM COEPKUT TakOe BU3YaNbHOe PeleHue, KOTO- poe yny4aeT NOBECTBOBATENbHbIM M XYAOKECTBEHHbIMNpequcnosne — npogomxenne KOMNOHEHTbI NpoU3BegeHNA, TO C E€ NOMOLbIO CTaHOBUTCA BO3MO>KHbIM MepewaTb APKM MM MOHATHbI BO BCe BPeEMeHa 06pa3, CBASAHHbIM C KOHKpeTHON YenoBeyecKoN 3Mouen. 3agaya nio6oro rpadbuyeckoro Au3aiHepa COCTOUT He TOMbKO B OpraHu3a\u um pasmeLeHun UHCopmaynn Ha me4aTHOM WJM BUPTYasIbHOM AUCTE, HO UB ee OCMbIC- JIGHM VW KOMMOHOBKE TaKM O6pa30M, YTO6bI YuTaTeNb Wn Nomb30BaTeNb KaK MOXKHO Ny4We ee NOHAN. Ucnonb- 3yeMble NPM CO3q4aHMM KOMNO3M\MN MeTOAbI, a TAKE Takue OCHOBbI AM3aiHa, KaK CUCTeMbI M3MepeHNi, aHaTO- Mus M4 CTpyKTypa CeTKY, NPMHUWNbI KOMMO3uyMH UU Xapak- TEPUCTUKM BeEPCTKU, NpeACTaBNAlOT OCO6bIN Npodeccno- HaibHbIid MHTepec ANA rpacpu4eckoro Au3aiiHepa. Komno3uyna npucyTcrByeT BO BCeM, YTO Hac OKPy>Ka- eT. YK Ha paHHux 3TaNax CBOeM MCTOpMN YeNoBeK UCNbI- TbIBaN NOTPEGHOCTb B 3anucH UY OpraHn3zalwn UHCPopma- yun. Kak TOMbKO Nog Hay4UsMcb BbIParKaTb CBON MbICAN Bep6asbHO, OHM CTaNM UX BU3yaNU3NpOBaTb B Bue rpyObix NOMETOK Ha CTeHax M Apyrux noBepxHoctTax. CtpemneHue K OpraHu3aumn vu nepefaye udchopmayuu — o6bequuato- Ln KOMMYHUKaTHBHbIA cbakTop, ero MO>KHO NpocnegnTe Ha Ka)KOM UCTOpU4eCKOM aTane, BO BCeX 3M0xax Ml Kysb- Typax: OT WYMEPCKOM KNMHONNCH Ha PAMHAHbIX TA6NMY-Kax W eruneTcKux Mepornudos Ha CTeHaXx TpOGHUL AO BbI- Ce4eHHbIX Hance Ha puMcKUx TpuyMqanbHbIx apKax V UAHOMMHMpOBaHHbIx pykonucer anoxn Bo3poxKgeHna. Mo Mepe Toro Kak MUp CTaHOBMsICA BCe Gonee pa3- HOO6pa3HbIM UM C/OKHbIM, MEHA/IMCb UU CpeACTBa O6MeHa uxcbopmaliveis, noaBnanucb HOBbIe CPOpMbI M HOCMTeNN. Ha npotskeHuu BeKOB cbyHfamMeHTasbHbIN MpUHWN Co3ga- HM BEPCTKM BbICTYNaN B KAYeCTBE OCHOBHOTO MHCTpyMeHTa BU3yaNbHOU KOMMYHMKaLIMM, B KOTOPOH Bcerga Haxoqusn oTpakeHne Uneunu3zauna, KynbTypa, TeXHONOFUN U ycnoBna cyuecTBoBaHus YenoBeKka B KOHKpeTHbIN Nepnog. Ieonto- UNA BEPCTKN 6biNa O6yCnoBNeHa U3MeHEHMAMH B KOMMY- HUKaLMOHHbIX NOTPeESHOCTAX 4eNOBeKa — OT NpocTeiWUx PYKONMCHbIX MW paHHux KHMroneuaTHbIX TexHONOri4 AO Me- xaHA4eCcKon neyaTu, M306peTeHMA KOMNbIOTepHON BepCTKU W peAaktuposanua U LUMcbpoBbIx HOCUTeNe UHcopmauun. Muorue cuctemb! nponopunii, pasmepbi nonoc, cbopmatbt KHUT, CACTEMBI CeTOK MW NPUHUMNbI KOMNOSMUMN, paccmaT- puBaemble B 3TOM KHMre M UCnONb3yembie CerogHs B AN3aii- He, CYL@CTBYIOT UCNOKOH BeKOB. Bepctka npegctasnset co60/ npouecc Komno- HOBKU 6YKB, COB M TeKCTa B MONTH NO60M AOCTyNHOM BOO6pa>KeHUlO KOHTEKCTE MM ABNAETCA OAHMM M3 OCHOBHbIX NPEAMCHOBMETpeaucnosne — npogomxenne 10 UHCTPYMEHTOB, KOTOPbIM BaM HEO6XOAMMO OBNageTb, UTO6bI B AaNbHeWWeM CO3qaBaTb 3cbcpekTuBHbI4 MU OCMbIC- FleHHbil4 rpacbuyecknhh ausaitn. [pacpnyeckne Ausaiineppl W3y4aloT TOHKOCTH CO3MaHNA BEPCTKM AVIA TOrO, YTOObI, co6niogas Bce ee NpaBuna u TpagUuNN, UMeTb BO3MO>K- HOCTb peanu3oBaTb B Hel CBOM TBOPYECKHe Meu, UCNOMb- 30BaTb BOOO6parkeHNe UM NonbiTaTbCA HaMiTU HOBbIE MOAXOAbI. Kura «Likona qu3aina: MakeT» npegctasnaet cob6on NpakTMH4eCKOe PyKOBOACTBO, B KOTOPOM CofepxKaTca cbyHfameHTanbuble OCHoBbI, NpaBuna u MpakTu4eckue Npumepbi COcTaBneHua KOMMOSMUMOHHbIX CXeEM BEPCTKH. Ana nto6oro rpacbuyeckoro Au3zaiHepa upesBbi4aiHo Ba>KHO NOHMMaTb OCHOBbI BEPCTKM, KOTOPbIe HEpa3zpbIBHO CBA3aHbI MOUTH CO BCeMU acnekTaMn rpacbuyeckoro Au3ai- Ha. B 370M KHUTe NOAPOGHO U3NO%*KeHbI 6a3z0BbIe 3NeMeH- TbIM MPUHUMNbI KOMNO3ULMOHHbIX CXEM BEPCTKH, a TAaKWOKE AaHbl NOACHEHUA O TOM, 4YTO OHM CO6OK NpegcTaBnsior, novemy Tak Ba>KHbI M KAKMM 06pa30M MOTYT 6biTb acpcpek- TMBHO UCnonb30BaHbl. Tpacbuyeckui qu3aiin npegnaraet cpegctsa ans pe- anu3auuu Balliero BOO6parxkeHus, KOTOpbie He ONMpatoT- CA UCKAHIOUNTENbHO Ha YCTHYIO MIM MMCbMeHHyt0 copy a3bika. KaxkAbI 3eMeHT, UCNOMb3yeMbIN B rpacbn4eckOMAuzaiive, kak, HaNpMMep, KOMNO3MLYOHHas CxeMma Bep- CTKM, MOKET CAYKUTb KOHKPeETHOM KOMMYHUKaTHBHOU ues. XOTA O6bACHEHUE 3NEMEHTOB AU3aiiHa MW NpuHyMNoB UX UCNONb3OBaHUA MO>KET NOKAZaTBCA GaHasbHbIM, ero Ka4@CTBO MOXKHO BOCNPUHATb TONbKO B paMKax O6WIen 3aQyMKu rpacbuyeckoro AuzanHepa. B kuure «LUkona Qu3aiHa: MakeT» paccmatpusator- CA He TOMbKO NpMMepbl, BbINOMHEHHbIe AN3aHEpamn- CTYAEHTAMM, HO UM NpoeKTbI CaMbIX YCNeLWHbIX MW U3BeCT- HbIX NpocbeccuoHanos Co BCero CBeTAa C pas60PoM Toro, kak OHM MCNONb30BaIN OCHOBHbIE NPUHUMNbI BEpCTKU B CBOUX pa6oTax. Bnarogapa Tomy, 4TO B KHUre Cofep»KUT- CA aHaNIn3 CTYAeHYeCKMX M MpocbeccuoHanbHbIx pa6or, «LWkona gu3zaina: MakeT» npeActasnset Cobol Han6onee NpegMeTHoe, 3anOMMHato“eeca M BAOXHOBNAIOLIEe PyKO- BOACTBO AA 6yAyWMXx rpacbuyecknx Au3zaiHepos, a TakKe AVIA HOBUYKOB, KOTOPble TONbKO Ha4nHaloT CBO Npocbec- CMOHasbHbI NyTb. 4Pa3gen 1 OCHOBbI BEDCTKY Jia Nto6oro rpacbuyeckoro AUzaHepa OCHOBONONaralolMM ABAAeTCA NOHU- MaHve 6a30BbIxX NPUHUMNOB Co3fa- HMA KOMMO3MLMOHHbIX CXEM BEPCTKH. Ha npots>KeHun Bcero O6y4eHuaA UM npo- cbeccuoHanbHou AeATeMbHOCTH rpacpuyeckne AUuzaiHepb! NOCTOAHHO O6paliaioTca K OCHOBHbIM NpaBusaM BepcTKu C Wenbio HalTH BAOXHOBeHNe U gen. Pa6oTbl, Co3qaHHble no KnaccnyeckuM npaBiiam, nomoratoT AU3aiiHepy C He- 6onblWMM OnbITOM Noka3aTb Ce6a HaMNYYLUMM O6pa3om. Takue OCHOBbI BEpCTKH, Kak U3MepuTeNbHbIe CUCTeMbI Y Mponopuyuy, cny>xkaT Kapkacom Ayia Co3qaHusa MOHAT- HOrO UM BbIPasuTeNbHOrO rpacbuyeckoro Au3aiHa. 1314 ABCOMMOTHMIE EAMHMUB M3MEPEHMA: NYHKTEL a o: = nm ee me aera ar 0h va omar ABCOMOTHHE EAMHMUM HOMEPEHHA: METPHECKAR CHCTEMA tee . e- ~ | Awe =_— ss wa uuuuunuiiiiiy 31H Gasosbie noctynaTbl W pAHYun NOMOraIOT co3qarb c7pyktypy Bawelk paGorsi 1 8 janouedi- WeM yny4umnTe ee sbipasnrensHocts. ECAM Bb! He 6yere onmpatoca Ha 3TH cbyHaamentanbubie OcHOBbI, KoMNOsHYVOHHBIe CxeMbI Baweli Rep- CTA oKamyren HeachebeKTHBHbIMH, HeCOAep»Ka- TenbHbIMM W He GyayT «roBopuTb» ¢ ayauTopuelt. A6comoruste w orHocuTenbunie eAMMMyEI MaMepeHHs Cnovapu aaior cnenyioujee onpegenenne vamepen ‘HasHauenve uncnosom senMuMHel ceolicray o6wexra uni qelictaus, KoTopoe Mo- >KeT GbITb CONOCTABMeHO C APYTMMM OGwEKTaMH vnn gevicrensnuy, Haunnas c nepeol nono- BunbI XVIII BeKa ace u3MepeHna MpoBoAsTcA 8 CooTBeTCTBMM C YHNBepCaNbHbIMH CHCTeMaMA MW cTaHAapTamu, 3aBMCRLAMMM OT KOHTeKCTa ¥ AMCUWNAMHEI, 8 paMKax KOTOpOH MaMepeHHA ocyuecrsnsiotca. Cucrembl usMepenns sensiorcs HeoTReMne- Moli acrbIo BePCTKM: OT COsqaHMA CeTKH NoNOCeI Ao opraHnsaynMn w pasMeujeHna susyanbHbix dnemenTos. 3HaHMe a6CONIOTHBIX H OTHOCHTENb- HbIx eAMHMY M3MepeHHA NoMoxeT Ay4Ue NOHsTE PMHUMNI! COsRalIMs KOMNOSHKKONHOK CxeMbI Bepcrkn # pacuuMpHT» CoM nosHaHHs 8 9To% o6nactu B rpacbnueckom qusaiine 8 Consumncrse caysaes ucnoneayior ape MsMepuTenbibie cucTeMbI: onHa OcHOBAHa Ha NocToRHbIx, HAM aBcomloTHbix, BenMUAHAX, a apyran — Ha payno- HanbHbik, HMA OTHOCHTeNbHBIX, BEAKYHHAX. ABcomomubie eduHuysi usmepenua AGcomloTHble CHCTeMBI MaMepeHti, TaKHe KaK akrno-aMepnkatickan TnoMeTpHueckas H Me~ Tpeckas CHCTeMbI, acerAa OcHOBaHI Ha CTaH- AapTHEIX NocTORHHBIX BenANHHaX HaMepeHAR: ‘THmorpadbckux nalikax w nyHkrax, Mannumerpax W caHTumerpax coorsercreeHHo. Cneayioule a6conloTHbIe cHcTeMb! HSMepeHAs ecerga UMeIOT KOHe4HOE BbIPaKEHKE K HUKOrAa He MEHSIOTCA, Tunozpadpcxui nyskm AHrno-aMepmkaHcKaa THnoMerpHMecKan CHCTeMa, pazpa6oraHHan Thnorpacbom HenbcoHom XoyKcom (CWA, 1840-1929) 6 1870-x ropax, ocHowaHa Ha crangaptibix nocTosHHbix Bennunnax waMepe- wa — nynicrax w naliKax: 0,01383 w 0,166 ~iolimacoorsercrseHHo. 12 nynkTos pasHbt I nalike, 6 naek pase! 72 nynkTaM, un 1 prolimy. Cratiqaprusmposaniiaa ocHosHias eanniaua 13- MepeHia 3To¥i CHcTeMbI — nyHkT — WaHavanbHO Gbina HasBana 8 YeCTe MMeHHTOrO cbpanuyacKoro tunorpacpa # upucbrosnka ébpancya AMépyaza Ago (panuna, 1730-1804), Koroppit yconep- Wexcraosan cucTemy, npemnorxexityio Meepom CumonoM @ypibe (paris, 1712-1768). Mempusieckan cucmema Cranaapriie nocroannsie sennunnibi HaMe- peHns MeTpHY4eckoi CucTeMbI NpegcTaBneHD! Mannnwetpan (0,001 Merpa, 0,1 caktumerpa, 0,0394 qioima). 1 mannumertp papeH 2,85 aHrno- amepnkanckoro nysKra, Xora kernb uipucpra ecersa wamepanca 8 nynkrax, ® paaHbie epemena cyuecrsoBann npoTMsopesnente MHeHIAR OTHOCHTENDHO ToNHOTO pasmepa nylka, PasHornacua 6inw oKoHua- Te/bHO peliieHl B 1985 roay KomnaHuamu Adobe W Apple, KoTopsie AoroBopHNHCe 0 TOM, wro ‘nynxt 6yget paper 1/72 qloiMa. 3To cooTseT- crBosasio Tpe6oBaHMAM sabIKa ONHKcAKWR CrpaHNML, Adobe PostScript w oro6paxexmio Ha axpaviax KoumpioTepos MAC, KoTOpsie TaIoKe HMeIOT pa3- peweHue 72 nukcena Ha gtoiim (PPI). Omnocumensibie edutuyss uamepesua B Tunorpacpuke paynonanbHble BENKUMHbI, MpAMeHsIOU\KECA K MHTepBANaM Mexay GyKeaM, ApOSHBIM YnCTaM H Tupe, HanpAMyIO 3aBHCAT OT Kerns wpné>ra M Mamepaiorca 8 oTHOCHTENb- Holi, a He a6comoTHO! cucTeme. Korqa MeHAeTCA Kernb uipwcbta, MeHseTCA Take M pasMep ero Tumorpacbckimx aHaKo8 M rnichos. Uspucbrosoie equiuusi vamepenna cooTHo- ATCA C KOHKPETHBIM Kerem wpncpra 8 nytt krax. Hanpumep, Em Space (3a), wn pyran OTHOCHTEALHBIE EAMHMUM MaMEPEHHA oe ee Lz wow (kerenbrias) wnayns, wpndbra c Kernen 72 nynKra paso 72 nyskram. En Space (3H), wn nonykpyr- ‘7am wna\Ha, pasHa nonosune Kpyrnojs wnayun, Ana sbicraanenias pasmepos Tape, npoGHb1x vitcen MiTepsanos Mexny 6ykBaMM Ucronbay- tores cneayiouyne uipaeprosbie uamepenua. Em Space (3m, kpyznas, wu Kezensias, wnayua) Kpyrnas uinayaa npeacrasner co6oi oTHo- cuTenbiyto wipHibrosyio emnnnuy uamepena, PaBhylo wnpmHe caMoii WAPOKOH 6yKeb! WipHep- Ta, KoTOpOll HeNaMeHHO sBnaerca 3arnaBHaa M, UWvpmia Kpyrnof uinauian paana kernio wiprepra, PASAEN 1 OCHOBbI BEPCTKN 1516 3M, 94 M MOHOTHNHBIE EAMHMUB Anniioe rr orornoe Ture (en 04519) (ex basin won builtin i avn Hanpumep, kpyrnan wnaya wpucbra c Kernen 72 nynikra pasta 72 nynkram. B CesepHolk AMepuKe pHHsTO NCnOMDsOBATD BeAKYMHY KPyrnOH WnayAK Ana onpegenenina a6sayneix orctynos u orcrynos BAlOoKEHHENX NyHKTOB NepeNHA, En Space (34, nonyxpyenas wnayus) Tonyxpyriaa wnayns senaetcs eananyel ornocn- ‘TenbHOl CHCTeMbI M3MepeHAit n pasa nonosKHe UNH! AAMHHOTO THpe Maw KpyrNol wnaLan. B Espone ona ucnonsayetes ans onpeneneHis OTCTYNIOB BIOKEHHBIX nyHKTOB NepeuHa. KopoTKoe Tupe, pabHoe no ANHHe nonyKpyrnon wnaynn, TpmMeHneTcs Ans OGosHaNeHins AManazOHa, HanpH- Mep «rnasbi 10-119 4 «1975-1981 roabn Cuctema uaMepennii 8 nyHkTax TaKOKE MOKET GbiTs McnonesosaHa Ana ykasanns AAMHBI CTpOKM, UMP! KONOHOK M MaKCHMaNLHOl ANKE! CrPOKH Texcra, HaSpaHHoit HYXKHbIM uIpMcbTOM. 3a Ania OGbi4Ho sbipaxaeTes 8 naiikax, rae 1 nalika pasa 12 nytikram, a 6 naek pasHes 1 aioliMy. Mnora 37a Bennunta OGosHauaeTca Kak nalika 3M Wn npocto 3m. XoTA CerogHA LIMphHy KONOHOK BCE wale Bbipaxkaior 8 MATMMeTpaX, NaiiKM IM eLNe uenonssyloTes ank onpeneneHna Anu! CrpOKH Texcra. [AnwHa CTPOKH 8 Haulelt KHMTe sanaHa Kak 9/14 nynkra B KONOHKe WMpHHOM 8 15 naeK 3M (2,5 atolina / 65 mu). Korna peu uger o pacuere gninnl crpoKin, sennunna 9w pasHa 12 nyskraM, anu 1 naliKe, Ho Wate Bcero sToT TepMnk Hcronbayior ANA onncanna senn4iHbl, paBHoi Bbicore WIpKEpTa MI0- Goro Kerns (Wa ocHose nponopuwlt Knaccnueckoh 3arnasHoii M). Taku o6pasom, 3m B 30 nyHkroR Gyner mers wnpriy 30 nyHkros, M 3a (senna, pastas sbicore sHaka), n 3H (senna, pasHan no- OBMHE BbICOTD! 3HaKa) NPUMEHMOT jA ONMCAHHA ANMHEI THpe M MHTepEaNOR. Monomuntore eduauyet 3M AeAMTCs Ha MOHOTHNHEIE eAMHHUbI, KOTOpEIE icnonssylorca Ans yToMHeHHE MHAMBMAYANDHO UHHH! 3HaKO8 M MTepBaNOB MEKAY HMMM. Alo HenasHero apemeni Bennuntia MoHOTUNHEIX eAMHnu onpenenanacs nyTem jenenns 3M Ha m10- 6oe uvcno oF 18 go 64. OaHaKo cospementian Bepcna ssbika PostScript ucnontayer nenenne Ha 1000, npennonaras, TaKnM o6pasom, pas6ne- Hue 3 Ha 1000 moHoTinHbix eaMHMy, B peaynsrare Takaa cuctema MaMepeHna lpncbra nossonaer onicaTe HasHaMeHHyto WMpH- Hy Kaxqoro 3Haka, TO ecT ero MHgMBHAYaNHbIe NapaMeTpol. TakoKe C ee NOMOLIbIO MOXHO onpe- Aesute miTepsan Mexay 3HakaMM — Kak o6u4AiK Aa 8Cex CHMBONOS (TpeKMHT), Tak W MEKAY AByMA OTAeNbHO B3ATHIMM sHaKaMM (KepHHHT). B otnaune oF nyHkTOB, MoHOTHNHBIE eAMHMUbI NpeACTaBnsIoT COBOli He NocToRH- hyto, a nponopuynoHanbHyto MaMepuTenbiyio Bennunny, sasucsuiyio OT Kerns ucrionbayemoro pncbra. Hanpumep, wpicbr c Kernem 10 nyH- kros usMepaerca 1000 MoHOTHNHEIX eqUHiny 8 Kaxkom 3 10 nyHKTos, a WpncbT c Kerem36 nynikTos — 1000 MoHOTHNHEIX eQMHHY 8 KaK- om 43 36 nyHkTos. Takum o6paz0M, mo6oe uame- Herne 8 sennunie MOHOTHNHDIX EAMHMY MOKET GbiTe cacTemaTHHeCkH NpAMeHeHO K O6nacTA shaven Kerns, UsMeHeHna 8 niTepsanax MexAY sHakamu onpepenstorca apyrumn TunorparbcKuMn cucTemami, HO ucnonbsoBaHHe 3M 8 1000 Mo- HOTHMHBIX eAKHINY TAKOKE AONYCTHMO C YeMbIO Oco6eHHO veTKoro onpegeNeHnA MEdx6yKBeHHbIX MexcnosHoix MHTepEanos. Muorne cospemenHbie nporpaMMbi TaKKe No- 3BONSIOT HaMeHsT® NPonopuMi caMAx WpMc>ToBbIK shakos, fenan wx ulmpe HAM Y>Ke. Sty CbyHKLUMIO cneayer npHMeHATe C OCTOPOKHOCTBIO, TAK KaK nio6oe HapywieHne usHavanbHor nponopynn (Poppi sHakos npuBoAMT k M3MeHEHMMO AU3aiiHa Boi6paHoro uipadpra. Mpeo6pasoeanus cmandapmHenx edusuy uamepeHua 1M = 2,66 nyHkTa Augo 1m = 2,845275 naiikn 1 at = 0,0393701 aiovina Lnynkr lupo = 0,3759398 wm Lnyskr lupo = 1,07001 nalikn A nynkr uae = 0,0148057 qiovima Lnaiixa = 0,352 777 mm 1 naiika = 0,938387 nynxra Augo 1 naiixa = 0,013888 aloha 1 ptotim = 25,4 wm 1 ptolim = 67,564 nynkra Qugo 1 plotim = 72 nalikn Cnicremsi nponopynit Tpacbnuecknii avaatix ocHosbisaerca Ha socnpu- ATH BuByaNbHOTO GanaHca, HnK OTHOWeHMS ero aniemeHToe K YenloMy. 3T0 ocHoBonONaratouynit srayanHbidi KOMNOHeHT rpacbaeckoro AMaaliHa, KoTOpbiii, Kak M u306paanTenbHoe MCKyCCTBO, ckynbritypa, apxuTeKrypa, My3biKa, nposa Hn no- 33m8, npegnonaraeT cTporyio opraHHzaynio M Me- ToAM4Hoe co6mogeHHe GanaHca & coorsercreun Co CKpBITBIM OUYLYeHHEM ACTMHHO! NpoNOPYMA Bénbuias acts Toro, To bl caHTaem npusT- HoIM rnaay, a Taloke COa/aHcHposaHlbiM H rapMo- HiYHbIM, MMeeT OTHOWIeHMe K MpZBMaM cHCTeMb! nponopunii u cessaHa c HAMM. Nponopuna — sto cucremarnueckoe or- HoweHne ofHoro snemeHra k Apyromy eHyrpH mio60} KOMNOSMuMOHHOM cxembl. Brpacbae- KOM AuSaliHe MponopunMs cAyKMT KMO“eBDIM MHUMTOM KOHCTPyHposaHina 1 NnaHMpoRaHna a3MepoB BHYTpH KOMNOSHMOHHOlt CKeMbI. 3TH SHYTPEHHWe OTHOWeHMA ONeBHAHSI MW BbICTyNAIOT 8 kavecTse ocHoBHoro Kapkaca ans acex 3neMeH- ToB KoMnosHuMn, Taloke nponopuns npegcraanser Cobo BarkHyto B3aKMOCBR» OHO 4acTH KOMNOSHYM- OnHOH cXeMBI C Apyroll ee uacTBiO HnH co ace KoMnosiyneli B pasMepHoM, KONMUECTBEHHOM WnH kavecTBeHHOM OTHOWIEHMM, OBbINHO YenbIo MO6O!t cuctembi nponopuni sensetcs coaganne euayanb- Holi nocnenosarenbHocT, FapMOHHIM M YeMOCTHO- CTH cpean anemeHTos KOMNOSM\\KOHHO! CKeMbI, Micmopuseckas cnpaeka Ha 8cem npormxKeHin YenoseYeckoil Mcropin MeHHO CHCTeMbI nponopyKi cnoco6creonann chopmmposaxito Hawero enayansHoro MMpa K npumepy, OHM sBnsiorcs HeoTmemneMoll wacTbIo nakMposkn WM KOHCTpykuMH Benakolt napamngel Ce SOMECTBEHHAR NPONOPUME a 1.618 « 1 5 PASQEN 1 OCHOBbI BEPCTKU v718 8 Tse (oK. 2580-2560 rr. 20 H. 2.), Napdenona (aurn4nbtit xpam Ha acbuHcKom Akponone; 447-432 Fr. Qo H. 9.5 ¢. 27), «MoH! Mabie (1503) NeoHapao aa BuHUN, «fasnpar (1501-1504) Muxenana@keno. Apesnerpevecknii maTemarak Seknng, (cepeamna IV — cepeamtia Ill 88. 0 H. 3.), TaK- ke HBRECTHbIli KaK OTeU| TeoMeTpMM, NepsbIM cehopmynuposan w nponnnioctpuposan Teopiio nponopunii. OH pasmenun mKniio Ha asa orpes- ka TakhM 06pa30M, 4TO OTHOWIeHKE Bcelt HMMM k HanGonbulemy oTpesky oKasanoce TaKHM xe, kak OTHOWeHMe Bonbuwero OTpesKa K MeHbLIEMy. Aauwian Teopna nponopunit uasectHa kak Goxe- crsentaa nponopuns (c. 17). CootHourenne Mexay AeyMa orpeskamn nnn 3heMeHTaMM OSbeKTa TakO8O, 4TO HaKMeHBUIMi oTpes0K BC Tak >ke OTHOCHTCR K HanBonbUEMy oTpesky AB, Kak HanGonbuli onpesoK AB oTHO- ‘CHTCA K CYMMe AByx oTpe3Kos AC, unit BC/AB = AB/C = 1,618 03, wan oAMH ninioc KeaqpaTHbilt Kopens 43 natH, nlogeneHHsii Ha aga. K npuMepy, cnn pasgenu AMHAIO TakMM O6paz0M, To cooT- HOWEHHE Mexay HaMGONbIUMM MK HaMMeHBUIAM ‘oTpeakamu nMHM 6yqeT TakMM 2Ke, Kak OTHOWeHME HamGonbusero oTpeska Ko scelt nMHHn. Apesnepumcknit sHuMknonegucr, apxuteKTop WnwoxeHep Burpysnii (I 8. a0 H. 3.) paspa6oran Matemarmueckyio cbopmyny Ana pasneneHia npoctpalicrsennbix oTHOWeHI aHyTpM KoMNO- SHUMOHHOM cxembl. Ero cHCTeMa nponopynis, u3- BeCTHaA Kak 30n0TOE CeveHHe, sonoTas cepeANHa WsM 30n0TOH NpAMOYTONbHNK, Seina OcHOBAHA Ha COOTHOWIEHKM MexAY A/MHHDIMM 1 KOpOTKH- Mu cropoHaMM npsaMoyronbHinka, 470 noBTopano Nopxog, McnonbsoBaHHbil 8 ApeBHerpe¥eckHx apxnrextypHbix opepax (wna. cnpasa). Onnoii us HanGonee waectHbix wnmocrpayuii suyanbHoli Teopin cacTeMsi nponopynis aenaerca paGora fleonapgo na Banun (VAranus, 1452-1519) € w306paxkeHHeM suTpyBKaHCKoro HenoBeKa, Koropaa sepsbie nossunace Ha CrpaHnyax KHWrH De divina proportione («boxecrseniaa nponop- Una») wranbAHcKoro MaTeMaTHka, MoHaxa-cbpaH- uuckanua Slykn Flawonm (1445-1517). a Banun aco nican 8 AHeBHHKax o Nponopynax enoBeue- ckoro rena. AMeHHo ® Caowx 2anKcax on nonbiTan- a paspaGorats cicremy nponopynii, ocHoBaHHyio Ha may4eHHM denosevecKoro Tena HW MHOroNCNeH- Hix WaMepeHHAx acex ero uacTeli, 3TH AHEBHHKH ‘Aa Bunun ocean apxuteKtopy BuTpyauio. Muorae xyaoxHnkn anoxh BospoxneHia wcnonesosanh cacrembi nponopynié & Kae- cTBe ocHosHoro MHcTpyMeHTa 8 CBoHx pa6orax. Hanpumep, 8 XV scke HemeyKuii kuBonncey rpacbuk Anb6pext Jyopep (1451-1528) onpe- ennn, Kakwe XapakrepucTHkn venoseveckoro ‘Tena c4HTaIoTcA BM3yaNbHO C6anaHcuposaHbiMn W Kpacnsbimu, nyteM TuJaTenbHOro MaMepeHia ero nponopunié u vacrel OchoeHsie nponopyuonansiere coomHowenus Npmiuan nro6olt cncrembi nponopunit He aBna- TCs Hi ONeBIAHDIM, HM CKDEITBIM, OAHAKO ero MoxHO AOBONbHO NpOCTO OSBACHHTD. B ce0e knnre 2005 ropa Divine Proportion: Phi in Art, Nature, and Science («BoxectsenHas nponop- una: bw (9) 8 uckyccTEe, npmpone m Hayken) Malia Xemenyii nuwer, uo yenoe otHocHTca K HanGonsulemy 8 TOHHOCTH TakMM Ke O6pa2oM, kak HanGonbuiee OTHOCHTCA K HaKMeHbUIEMy. Uene storo cooHouenna COCTOMT 8 TOM, 4TO6bI cnenare npouecc ausaliia one NOHsTHBIM CHa AMTe KOMNOSHUMOHHYIO CKeMy BH3yaNbHOM nocnegosarenbHocroio. B ochosHbix nponopynonansibix coorHo- eHMax sHeWHHi cbopmar onpegenser copmat AByxMepHoit KOMNOSKYMOHHOH CKEMbI M aBnaeTCABonotoe ceyenne a . 3 5 a 3 8 Ase ArBeAs(Asa) ° 4.61803 = 1B 2 €€ ocHosHoli nponopuneli. Keanpar, BepTHkanb- Ha. OpMeHTalio B3rnaga CMoTpAero M 3a4acTyIO Hii MpsMoyronbHik M ropHaoHTanbHBIl npa- NpoquKtosak OcHOBHOH nponopuneli koMNOsM\H- MoyronbAHK — 3T0 copmarei ¢ yHukanbHbIMM ‘onHOH cxemb1 Bepcrin, AponopynaMn, OkasbIBaIOWMMA NpsMoe snUAHHE CoorHouienne Mexay sHEWHKM cbopMaTom Ha oTgenbHbie xapakTepHCTHKK KOMNOSKUKOH- W BHYTPeHHMMA NoApasqeneHHAMA MoxeT TaKKE Holi cxebl, BHeWHHe npOnOpUNN, Hin SHEWN chy UTS OcHOBOI Ara Co3gaHHA cHcreMeI NpO- chopmar, Taloxe MoryT MMeTb HenocpencTBeHHOe —_opuiwii, Ha ocHoBe Koropol4 Gyayr npuHMMaTLcA oTHoWeHHe K BHyTpeHHAM lonpasmeneHnaM Awsaliepckne pewens, Hexoropsie cucre- W pacnonokennam. BHewHni cbopmar ennaer bl nponopunii Mcnonbayiorcs 8 apxnrextype, PASAEN 1 OCHOBbI BEPCTK 19VicKyCcTBe M Hayke Ha npOT@KEHMM MHOTHX BeKOB, 31M CicTeMb! OCHOBAHEI Ha CoOTHOWeHMAX AM conocrasnenmn oqvoro HaGopa paamepos H Kon: MecTs C Apyrum. XoTa O6BI4HO 3TH COOTHOWIEHHA onucbisaloTca MaTeMaTHueckim CpepcTeaMn, OAK ‘TawKe MOFYT 6biTb abipaxeHbI BHayaNbHo, 3onoroe cenenne 3onotoe ceveHe — 370 cooTHoueHMe, npMay- ManHoe eue 30 spemeHa [pesteli [peynn, a ero nponopunonansibie cBovicrea o6nanalor Kak 3CTETHMECKOIi, TaK W CTPYKTYPHO YeMOCTHOCTHIO, Tponopynn storo ceveHwa ocHosans! npAENMaH- TembHo Ha cooTHouIeHMM 8 : 13 M McnonbayiorcA 8 TaKix ByayanbHIx BHAA MCKYCCTBA, Kak xMBO- vce, rpacbuyecknit auzaiin # apxurexrypa. Kax m8 cnyuae co mHormn gpyrnin cc TeMaMu nPonopunii, 3onoToe CeYeHHe MOKHO vicnonb30BaTb Aya Cosqanns rapMoHMueckoro CooTHOWeHHS MeKAY NPonopUMAMA nonoctl, cbop- MaTOM CeTKH m pasMepamn BvayanbHEIx >/eMeHTOR BHYTPM KOMNOSMAHOHHOM cxemb! BEPCTKH. 3onoToe ceveHne MOKHO HaliTH Kak 8 NpH- pone, Tak u 6 nponsseneHisx ma06pasnTensHoro W npHknagHoro ucKyccTsa, CosmaHHbix @ pasnaunbie epwonei HcTopin. Cuctema nponopunit ovesngHo Nnpocnexusaetcs 6 O6pasonaHHbix ecTecTBeHHIM yTeM CTpyKTypHbIx naTTepHaX wnUeK, pakOBH- ax MonmniockoB, Menoabix corax, pacnpenenennn CeMsH 8 KOpanHKe nogcontyxa M NenoBeUeCKoM Tene. Takas cucTema cbopmupyerca Ha ocHoBe pac- LuMpeHbix CooTHOWeHHi, HaxonRUAxcA 8 CTporofi 3cTeTHMeckoli rapmoHnn Gnarogapa Tomy, 470 BHyTpeHHKe NponopuMn CooTHOCRTCA c MacLITa6OM o6utei nnowjaan o6vexta. Takoli nogxoA MOxHO NpUMeHUTS AA NO TpoeHns sonoTOFO NpsMoyronbHKKa, KoTOpEIA Apessie rpeku wacro Menonbsosann 8 ropoACKOli Berpyxrype onepeswore cevenna PaKonnmer monmocia, wmonconnyxa momno yonnets coormourenne mocrpnme: ranaiget, 20Noctpoenne sonororo npamoyronbHuxa Jonorolt mpamoy mx erpoures noBons- wo nerko m mower iT» wcnomba08aH AN aspaGoren nponymannerx npocrpancraey- atx orHowennit» m06oH xonnosMLWonHol Wart Hapueyiire xeaqpar. War 2 Rponenwre ansino or rowen #cepenwne wnt croponst xeaqpara (1) x mpormso- PYROS, Wenonsaya n Kauecree e@ enrpa TOUKy epecenenma (1), a8 xavecrae pansy: ca — nonyuennnii orperox no yena (8). Npononmure npornsononomnyie cropony onomnomy yeny. Nocrpoiir keaapara no nepecevens c oxpyxnocrsio. (Or rons (2) o6osawere ayroii panwyc, wro- {6:1 onpenennts cropony Honore sonoToro mprmoyromna (3) War 3 Tposenwre nano, coeAMHmoUlyro npoTH- onomomie yeni AByx npAMOYFONbHMKOD, ‘roi 237em paznennrs npamoyronsunn a Gone menxne nponopumonanbisie pa Moyromnman, coorseTersyiowne cncreme Ha samerky ‘Ta xe cxeua enews 2onororo npamoy! wa, noxasannan » wantocrpaumn x wary 3, omer Gurre ncnonsaonaia Axx nocrpocHin sonoroii cnmpanu (c. 19). Menonsayiire _Anwusi cropon xaaqparoe aa onpenencnns annyea Kpyra. PA3QEN 1 OCHOBBI BEPCTKM aa22 nnaHnposxe w apxnrektype. pesHerpeweckne sonyne aqui (480-430 rr. go. 9.), rnasnbiii ap- xmrekrop Akponons 8 AcbiHax, m Micra (0K. 400 r. Ao H. 3.), cosmatens Mapcbexor (c. 27), pbico- ko UeHiUMHK 3on0TOE CeveHHe H NpHMeHanH ero 8 cBoeli paGore. XygoxxHHKK sox BoapoxneHia ucnonbso8anM npaH\An 3onoTOTO CeveHHA Ana cosnana o6ujel rapmonnn, Ganakica 8 kuBoNHCH, ckynbntype m 4epTexax. AHTOHMO Crpagueapn (anus, 1656-1737) npumensn ary cactemy npH KOHCTPYKUIMH CBOMX My3bIKaNbHbIX HCTpyMeHTOB, CpeAM KoTopEix Sbinit m aHaMeHUTBIE CKpHTIKH. Tpununn sonororo cevenua ucnonbsoRah 8 nnannposke W KOHCTpyKUIAn CroyHxenmpxa (Me- TaNMTHNeCKoe COOpy>KeHne @ AHTAMM, OnMH HS Ca- Mbix H3BeCTHDIX naMATHMKOB HeonuTa; YANTUIKD, ‘Auiraua, ok, 1500 r. 0 H. 3.), Waprpcxoro co6opa (Waptp, panuna, 1220), sHamenuroro Kpecna Yapne3a Maa Lounge Chair Wood (1946) 8 gt- aaiie MP3-nneepa Apple iPod /bkonarana Aisa. Aaxe 8 cospemesHon mupe rpacbusieckue qusaii- Hepbl ucnonpayior sonoToe cevenne B Kavecrae onruMansHoro chopmata Ans neuarHbix npon3ee- Aenii w uncbpoobix Hocurenel. 30n0TAR CHMPARE C MPONOPUMOHARBHBIMM KBAAPATAMK KomnosmynoHHbie CxeMbI, CocapneHHbie Ha ochose 3THx nponopunii, HaMGonee npHaTHD: rnasy. K npwMepy, 8 OcHOBe MexAyHapogHoro crangapta cbopmara 6ymarn ISO (c. 37) nexut 3onoToe CeueHne, NoTOMY 4TO ero rapMoHHuecKHE nponopunn nossonsior NonyunTs CBanaHcupoaah- Hble Komnosnuynonnbre peweHns. K corKanennio, ceronus rpacbueckie ansaiiepbi crann ecé Menbule nonaraTeca Ha AaHHyto cHcTemy nponop- Unli v3-3a BosMoKHOCTeM AMHeliHbIX HaMepeHHih, AOCTYNHbIX B KOMNbIOTepHbIx nporpammax. 3onoroli npaMoyronbnk — 310 npamo- YFONBHAK, ANMHbI CTOPOH KOTOporo CooTReTCTAY- for sonoToMy ceNeHiio (oAMH ninloc KBanpaT- bili Kopent w3 naTH, NomeneHHEIA Ha nea, Wan 1: 1,61803). On Take sanaerca cHcTeMoli Nponopunié ¢ yHnKaNbHbIMA OpaTHbiNn NpHaHa- kamu. K npamepy, echt 3on0TOlt npaMoyronbHink pasnenute Ha MeHbuIe nponopynoHanbHbie ApaMoyronbiinki W ocTasulaaca cburypa spnseTca keanpatoM, To AaHHbIl NpHaHak OGosHavaeTcA Kak sonora cnispans. 31H KsaqpaTs! nponopynoHant- Ho yMeHbuialorca B pasmepe m OSpasylor cnapanb € panwycom, pasHim gyiMle CTopoHs 3Toro KBa para (ann, siH3y). Jlorapuc>mnueckas cnupanb, OcHosanitan Ha NponopuMaX 3onoTOFO CeMeHHA, Ha- Tommtaer crpykTypy pakosinn Monniockos (c. 20). Ha npotmkennn seKos 370 nponopynonans- Hoe CooTHOWeHKe TaKXKe HasbiBanoce 30Nl0TOH CepeAnHOl, 3onoTbIM UnCNOM, 3onoTbIM COOTHO- leHneM, 3onoToH nponlopumel, SoxKectseHHo nponopuneliu sectio aurea. Tocnegosarensnocts @n6ona4n Tlonyunewas ceoe HaseaHue ot MaremaTiKa SuGonas4n, TawoKE MaBeCTHOFO KaK MleoHapAo Tiwzaticxnii (ox, 1175-1250), 3Ta nocnenosarent- HocTo npeactasnser co6ok pag wncen, 8 KoTopoM Karkabili unen ABnaeTCR CyMMOH ABYX NpeAbiAyIXNocnegosatenbuocrs @u6onau4H fa [- i. [Se -T | o+1e=1 24.3 es Bp Se i= 20:2 G48 eee 134-2 2.4. 1 2-2 § +4 53.3 21 + 34 = 55 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610, 987, 1597, 2584, 4181, 6765, 10946, 17711, 28657, 46368, 75025, 121393... PASMEN 1 OCHOBbI BEPCTKM 23Ucropnueckas cnpaska: «BookectBeHHaa nponopuna B TMNOorpaduKen Tpy? Divina proporcién tipogréfica, anu boocecmoenuan nponopyus e munozpagucen, ‘exuen # coem 0 1947 rody. Ou codepoicum ‘ananus xnuz snoxu Bospostedenus, dusaiin ‘xomopsix paspasoman Morauwou Iymen6eprou (Tepmanun, ox. 1395-1468), auidenouyunicn ‘munorpacpom, uenenssoeaewuu 0 cooeli pagome ‘cucmemy sonomozo cevenus (2:3). Aamop xwuzu wodnoepemenno ce dusciinep Payne Pos 2oxazan, mo [ymen6epe u eto cospemennunt ‘wenomssooanu sonomoe cenenue (unu umaiinoe ‘wcno%, nax epasuncs com amor) ane ‘condonun rapmonuveckux npocmpancmeennax ‘coomnowenul wa nonocex cooux Kut. (a 1903-1966) — runorpacp, ncenenosarend, achuwecienit anaaiinep, noor, wuwonmcen, mmnmocrparop, wanecrsil coonmn -cenegonannnnan BAGanu FyrenBepra. Ha nporwKenni mHorwx ner Poxapnao sannman ‘nocr restepansworo ampexropa Fpacbuvecnx _macrepcxnx nposmnusi By 2Hoe-Alpeca. ‘Muos n caoem pacniopmxeninn TOnKKO ‘upeyne, manelicy w crainaprosie emMnst ayn Mapno Po33y ‘namepennn, Posapmso onpenenun, sro cacremy ‘nponopusil yrenGepra MoxHo NpHMeNNT x wounosmustonHoii cxeme nonocht. Ero ‘crema 2aemouaereH » neneHnM Bsicorst ummpwas nonoent xa nenars wacrel (a 1enenaior suicory M umpuny axtusnoro rexcronore 6noKa 3. nn), re auaronanseste AMHHM 0 a mnorwsx rpacbuiecinx AMaiinepOs XX nei, me neni Ha Bia Uuexonena (FepManinn, 1902-1974), xoropusi, onmpance na aqanMa Posapuso, paspa6oran s0n0roli Kanon ‘nonoca Kanon Uaxonena, KaK H pasGnenne rnonocet na jensre uacteliPosapuno, Tav0Ke coorsercrayer coorowenmo 2:3 wnponopunan noneli2: Bau nop Fpaadpa (c,22), 14: 6exanone0,1,1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377 47. A, Onfa Meer npaMoe oTHOWLeHHe k 3onoTOMy ceveHitio W nponopunn 8 : 13 (ana. cnpasa). euGoHauun oTMeTHN cyulecTaoBaHHe sro NocneAosatenbHocTh 8 npHpoRe, 8 aCTHOCTA 8 nponopumsx enoseveckoro Tena m B CTpyKType MHOTHx pacTeHii, KHBOTHBIX H HaCeKOMbIX. aHHan cuctema nponopyuili Ha npotaKeHAM uCTOpHA Wcnonssoeanace xynoKHNKAMM, apxHTeKTOpAMH, nucarensian, nosTaMn 4 KoMNosKTopaMH Ana ycosepuleHcrsosains H ykpauleHna cooMx pa6or, a Take Aa RO6aBneHus uM AMHaMiKH. Hanpumep, cauraercs, “To pamckuit nost Beprunuk (70-19 rr. ao H. 3.) wcnionbaoean nocne: oBaTenbHocTe kenaemyio cburypy: 2onoTolk npaMoyronbHuk (1:1,618...), npaMoyronsHnk ¢ nponopunel 2 : 3, vovtHO} Keanpar (1: 2) un KopHeBol npAMO- yronbunk (1, 1:2,1:3,1:5 47. a), B csoeli kuure Xam6usx suayarbHo coe- AMM 30N0TOM NpaMoyronbHMK M NOrapucp- Museckyio cnpanb, OH TakxKe aKyeHTAponan BHMMaHNe Ha AMaroHaNn AuHaMM4ecKoro paMoyronbHMka, KoTOpas, ByAy4H CoeAMHeNHO} Cc NepneHAMkynspHow AMHMeN, BeAyLel K OAHOMY va yrnos npaMoyronbHuka, cosqaer «rapMoHHue- ckoe 4nenennes. Cepua KopHesbix npsMoyronbHikos crpowrca ha OcHoge AMaroHanK npaMoyronbHHKa MW NO3TOMy Meer oqniakos0e COOTHOWeHHE CTOpOH, 470 no3Bonser co3qatb pan rapMOHMYECKHX UeHEHHiA W KOMGuHaUMi, KOTOpbIe BCerqa SyAYT CBAZaHbI nponiopynamn HaHaYanbHoro NpsMoyronbHnKa (c. 26). DaHHyto cuctemy MoxKHO MCNONb30BaTb Kak acbcbexrHeHoii w nonesHeil HHcTpyMeHT, oH nossonser ycraHaanuears paamepoi H nponop- un cbopmatos 1 BrayanbHsix sneMeHTos BHYTPH KoMmosMyHOHHbix CxeM. Apyrne cucremt Cywiectaytor w apyrne cuctembi nponopyni, koTOpbie MoryT GbiTs nomesHbI npK cocrasneHuK KOMMO3MUMOHHEIX CxEM BEPCTKH NONOC, BbI6O- Pe cbopmaros M cerox. PaccMOTpUM HeKoTopBle v3 HX, OCHOBbI BEPCTKU 25AwHamu4ecknit npamoyronbHHk NJ] -nnasonsecint sonoto} nraMovionsin 3Kanon Bax dep Fpaacba Kanon Bax nep Fpaacba asnsercs cactemoli npo- nopunii, npeznaratowjell MeTogonorHio NocTpOeHWA KommosnyvoHHol Cxembl rlonocbI C OnTMMaNsHbIMH ponopumamn noneii # TeKcrosor o6sracreio (c. 28~ 29). 310 ucTopHMeckan peKoHcTpykuma CHCTeMbI, koTopaa, npegnonoxuTensio, ncnonbaopanace ANA CO3aHMA NPHSTHEIX nponopunié Ha CrpaHMuax chegHesekosbix pykoniiceli m nepponevaTHbix KHIT (nnwyHa6yn), a TawKe B paGorax nepsbix THrIorpa- chos w usnatenei, Taknx Kak Moran FyreHGepr. Vicnonbaya naniyio cuctemy, Boi MoxeTe Boccosqarb nonocy ¢ cooTHoUIeHKeM 2 : 3, re paGowas oGnacTe Ans TeKcTa M pasmep Nonoce! GyayT MMeT> OAMHaKOBBIe NponopyMH, a sbicoTa paSoueli oGnacru 6yner pasta winpune nonocel. O6uyne nponopynn nonei 6yayt coorsercrsoBaTs ponopynsm 2: 3: 4 : 6 (anyrpeHHee none : sepx- Hee none: sHewHee none : HinkHee none), npH 3TOM BHyTPeHHee none 6yneT paBHo NonoBHHE BHEUIHero, a BepxHee — nonosHHe HIKHErO. Vimenurbie rpacbnueckne avaalinepbt XX Beka, pea Koropbix bin A YunxonbA, acto Nombz08a- nce kanoHOM BaH Aep Fpaacba B caowx pa6orax. Nponopynn sonorore ‘snnannpoane x oncrpyynn Mapebenoua (447-432 rr.n0H. >.) Yepmesk: Bunnapa Ewe ona ccrema nponopunii ochosaHa Ha deprexke apxutekropa Buninapa ne OnHeKypa (@panuns, 1200-1250), rae npamas annie aenuT- ca Ha NOTMUHbIe MH rapMOHMseckHe cbparMeHTb! 3 3, 4, 5 n 6onee gonel, Aanias cnctema nponopunii nossonaer cosnaTb pasHooGpaskibie MOAynbHBIe CTpyKTYpbI, BKMIONaR CeTKN 6 x 6, 9x9 12x12 (c. 30-31). Vicnonbsya To ke amaroHanbHoe nocrpoeHne, TO WB KaHOHE Ba pep Fpaacba, Bunnap 8 ceoeit cncteme nponopunii onmpaerca na TouKn nepe- evens, m3 KOTOPbIX CTPOSTCR FopMaoHTANbHbIe W Beprikanbible rons M rvnoreHysa Tpeyrombunka. 3aTeM 8 Touke nepeceseHus runoTeHysb1 Tpeyronb- Huka W avaroHann, NpoBegeHHOH OT BepxHero. yrna x Kopewiky, onpenensetes KoMnOsKKOHHbIi Yertrp. OT Tol TOUKM CTpORTCA BepTHKaNbHbIE W ropHsoHTanbHsle nani, KoTOpbIe O6o3HaNaIOT Tpaniup! pa6ouedi o6nactn Ana TeKcra, Ueprex Bunnapa Moxer 6biT» UcnonbaosaH ANS CO3paHMA TeKCTOBbIX GnloKOs paaHoro pasMe- a, y KoTopbix nlons acerga GyAyT MMeTb COOTHO- wenve2:3:4:6, PASQEN 1 OCHOBbI BEPCTKU 2728 Noctpoenne cornacho KaHony Bax pep [pacha War 1 Tponenwre nepraxansnyio nnnWo, pasgennn War 2 ponenwre je qaronansusie aunun wepes 210 umpmny aNcra 8 o6owx Nanpasnenuns, 2 a2Tem or nepxnedi ouKn YeuTpameHof ‘sepraxann nponeawre pve ANaroKanH w o0ux anpannennn, 4706s! owen nepecevenun. War 5 (Or arwxxmouentix ro¥ex nposegwre opmaouransnnie u nepraxansHbie AHHH w TowaM, rae 27H Be ANH nepeceKaIor _Amaronansuate mnnnn, w o603Ha4sTe AMMAN pannus paGovei o6nacrn ana TeKcra. Ha anyxmonocuom passopore nonyuarercn ‘suyrpennne nons, cymma KoropHIx panna pasmepy War 6 Umpuna suyrpentiero nona nonoch menomayeten ana unewenna nonocst a 9 panveix xonoHoK,War 3 Ws o6emx rowex nepecewenna nposenmre ‘anepx Ave nepraxansnsie AMKMM. War 4 (Or mepxnix rowex aayx eepraxamsnenx anni poneawre qwaronan, uanpasnenbie "= npormsononoxnste croponss Aayx rowex epecewenne, 4ro6u1 Malta xaion anowa Ban nep Tpa2é2. a ID , War 7 War 8 Buicora nepxwero nena nonocst wenonbayeren ‘Oxpymsiocrs ¢ auaMerpoM, paBKsiM wnpue ‘Ana wncwienns nonocs! Ha 9 paBHbix pm PASAEN 1 Ronocel, annneren anbrepnaruatis ocrpoeuua raKix xe nono} meronOM (nit nonocss. OCHOBbI BEPCTKM 29Tlocrpoenne cornacuo ueprexy Busnapa ne OHHeKypa G ES ‘/ 7 NG / > 4 JO \ War 1 ponenwre ane anaronansnsie nunnMn vepe> cto uiMpmny nucra 8 o6owx Hanpaanenun, 2 2aTeM or nepxneii row ueHtrpanswoik ‘epruxann nposequre nse Awaronann » o6omx anpannewnnr, 4706s Haltrn Ase nepasie ‘Torr nepecewennn, War 2 Mposemwre ropwsowransusie w nepruxamsie ‘ruunn, s10601 onpenenure nona w runorenysy -Teyronsunia, B TouKe nepeceuennn ‘norenysn rpeyronsimia 4 ANarOHARM, "Mponenermoii or wepxwero yena x xopouiny, 6yner waxonurece omnosMynonnaiii weHrp. TORRY (CETKA.5+6, OCHOBANHAR HA), TeyrOMGIMEA 30 (CETEA 929, OCHOBAMHA HA), TEYTOMIEAWar 3 Rponenwre ropnsouranunie u nepraxansitie ‘mun ov rowex nepecevenus rpeyrominKos, ‘wr0641 oGoanawnTs paanwennie pagouwe oGnacm ann reKcra. (ETH 1212, OCHOBANHAR HA / TPEYTORSHIA War 4 ‘Meprea Bunnapa momcer Gsirs wenonssonat ‘Ana coxpanus paGowns oGnacteli pasniewsx Paamepos, y koropbix nona scerqa SyAYT uaere coommoutcnne2:3:4:6. PA3QEN 1 OCHOBBI BEPCTKM 3132 Pag Penapa Cummerpauiian cerka Padi npednowmumenyerx yucen Mpegnosrnrensisie nena sensiorca eue onvoti cucTemol nponopynii, KoTOpyio MoxKHO Mcnonb- 30827» Ana NocrpoeHina nponopynoHansitix cooT- HOWEHMi BHYTPH KOMNO3MUMOHHOM CxeMbI. Kak u nocnenosatensHocrs u6oHa44N, pan peanoururensibix uncen coagaer YenocTHbIe M rapMoHMueckie eapHaHts! pasnAunbix npo- CTPaHCTBeHHbIX COOTHOWeHMi ana 4neHeEHAR KOMMOSMYMOHHOH cXeMEI, KOTOpbIe AaIOT Ha~ MHoro Ny4une pesynbratbl, 4eM CnyyaiiHble MN pabible Bennumuibl. C noMoUlbio NpeAnoUTHTTend= Hix Wicen, 8 TOM Unene paAa PeKapa, cbopmar KOMMOSMUOHHOMl CKEMbI MOXKHO pasqenuTs Ha Bu3yanbHo Gonee aMHaMMuHBIe M rapMoHHue- cke nponopymn. Psd Penapa 8 1870 rony wiokeHep LWapnb Penap (®paH4ns, 1847-1905) sbisen pag npennouruTenbHbix Yucen, 8 KOTOPOM AManaz0H OT 1.0 10 AenuT- 8 Ha 5, 10, 20 unn 40 cbparmentos. Yncnosoit Koscbebmynent 3THx AByX KOHCTPYKTHBHBIX YUCen NpHGAMKEH K NOCTORHHOMY sHaYeHHIO, 2 HMeHHO KopHi 5, 10, 20, 40 crenenelt u3 10, wn npHOnnsntenoHo 1,58; 1,26; 1,12 w 1,06Pan Penapa Acummetpnunaa cerka cooTseTCTBeHHO, 4To ssnseTca reoMeTpHueckol NocnegosatenbHoctoio. Ase nokasanibre ssepxy cerkm nonoc — ‘chmmeTprstias M acHMMeTpH4HaR — BbinK no- TpoeHbI pH NoMoUIM pana PeHapa. ‘Cneyuansasie suena Uncnenible sHaeHna aceraa 6bink HeorseMneMolt W upessbivaliHo eaxKHoil HacTeto GonbwMHcTaa o622- Teli qvaaiina, 8 ToM uucne rpadnueckoro, Vx pon He CBOM\ATCR TONSKO K TOMY, HTOBbI CAYKUTE Mi cTpyMeHToM waMepeniii. K npmmepy, ucnonbays He- eTHbIe HiiCTa 8 KOMNO3AUMOHKEIX CXEMAX, MOOKHO cosqarb acmMMerpnunbie cerkn, KoTopbIe 6yayT Gone anHamnunoivit n uitTepecHbian, 4eM nocTpO- eHHbIe NPM NOMOWM HeTHbIx HHCEN CAMMETpANHbIE cern. B CoorsercTann ¢ THM NogxoAOM HMcAO 3, Wau npasino Tperel, urpaer sHasiTenbHyto pont 8 NOCTPOEHHK KOMNOSMLyHOHNBIX CxeM. JlaTwHcKoe Bbipaxenne Omne truim perfectum oshavaer, 470 ace, cywecrayrousee 8 KONMYeCTBe Tpex eAUHUL, AanAeTCA CoBepLICH- HbIM Wink, No Kpalitielt Mepe, 228epweHHbins. 37a ges oGbacHAeT, NoveMy B pasnnunbix ccbepax Ansaiina vncno 3, win npasuno tpereii, ner Takoe yGequTenbHoe suayanbHoe sosgelicrane. PASQEN 1 OCHOBbI BEPCTKU 3334 Ha sri wso6panconnex noxasano, Kaun of paz0m npasuno rpert erionesyerca ana conan KommosMumonMenx yeHrpos. Mlocpencrom pax6wenns mao6pancenna na 1pm pas- nue nepraxamnnte ropusowransusie wacra ‘erpouren cerxa, no koropait ‘onpenenseren onramansioe pasmeuenwe snewenros Komnosmunn. Buayanniioe wanpsocenne H weHrp mim: anna moryr Gorrs commanet svsy1pH mo6oH Komnoam- WoNNOH cxenet nyroM abt- Paakweanna ce onementos PMSONTaMbuNia Wr eprincansnsine nnvtnne Mpauno mpemeit B susyansHoi Kynbtype WHpoKo HaBeCTHO, 4To npa- Buno TpeTeli sanserca MoWHbIM H adbcbeKTHEHbIM cnocoSom cosqaHin M opraHitsayinn AMHaMHUHDIX KOMNOsMUMOHHEIX cxeM. Sta CHCTeMa nponopyni ocHosata Ha Teopiin, cornacko KoTopoli uenoseye- Cckwii 83rnag ecTecTseHHbiM o6pas0M npHBNeKaIoT TOUKH NepeceteHina nH, OSpasosaHHbie nyreM WneHenna oGvekra Ha TpeTH, Ala toro uro6ei npumeHuts sty cucremy 8 KOMNOSHUMOHHOH CxeMe, HeOGxogMMO pasne- Sint ee Ha TPH pasHbix BeprHkaNbHbIx H ropH30H- Tanbibix cpparmena, KoTopbie BMecTe o6pazyioT KOMNO3HAOHHyIO CeTKy 13 3 KONOHOK H 3 pasos, 9 monyneli w 4 ToueK nepeceuenua. [nasnble BH- ayanbubie 3/eMeHTe! KOMMOSKUMi pasMeuatorca 8 Toukax nepeceseHns, To6bi Coaqare BH3yanb- Hoe HanpskeHe M nepegar» oMyUjeHHe Asixe- Hus Hnk pelicraus (una, cneea), 3rolt BecxmrpocrHoli cucremoik nponopynii Monbs0BaNNCe XYAOKHMKH M CkyNENTOpbI 3n0- xu Peweccaca, NocKONBKY OHa ONeH’ NoxOXKa Ha NpwHynn sonoToro ceveHua, KoTR M He HMeeT c Hum cBasn. Ceroaii ara cHcTema nponop\it npuMeHaercs 8 nonurpacbun Hu yne>posoM ANzali- He, a TakKe B boTorpacbun M KuHO. Modynop B 1945 roay umenuTotii apxuTeKrop-monepHMcT Wapne-3ayap KaHHepe, Gonee uasectHbili Kak Sle Kop6iosbe (LWaeviyapus, 1887-1965), npen- cTasun Hosyto cucTemy nponopunit, ocHoBaHHyio Ha WaMepeHiiax Yenose4eckoro Tena, yABOeHHM, NocnegosaTenbHocTu uGoHauwun 4 s0n0TOM ceNe- Hun, 37a cHcTema nony4nna HaaBaHMe «MoAynop», Sle Kop6iosbe paspasoran sty cucTemy Aponopyni, onmpasics Ha UcTopMueckHe Tpa- AMunu, ycraHoBneHHbie Butpyeuem, /leoHapao fa Bunun u JleoHom Bartucroit AnsGepru (Manna,Mogynop t—} PA3QEN 1 OCHOBbI BEPCTKU 35Monynop — npogomxenue SS SS 5 “apuonnvecen KOunOSHUNONE CxO‘Cacrema nponopiyni Ne Kop6roste, usnectuan vax monynop, ocnosava ocmegonarensnocra ensonaeen, a Tae yrmcnorsanennx ‘mapamerpax w crpoenun 1404-1472), koropsie nonbsosannce MaremaTn4e- ‘ckHMM MpOTIOPUWSMH H HaMepeHMAMH HenoneNe- ckoro Tena Ana Toro, 4TOGbI CosaaTe M yAyHWuAMT OcHOBHEIe NponopUMH M cbyrKuMM CooMx paGor. B ocHose cuctembi Jle Kop6i03be sexkaT TDM OcHOBHIe sbICOTHBIE OTMETKH B HeNOBeYe- komt aHaTOMMi:: MakyluKa, ConHeNHoe ChneTeHHe W kpalinas ToAKa npasoit pyku (wan. BBepxy) Cam Sle Kop6iosbe onncan cBolo cucremy Kak «pag rapMonMueckux naMepeHni, cooTseTcrsyio- ux MacuTaGam 4enoseeckoro Tena M yHMBep- canbHo npuMeHMMbIx 8 apxMTeKType K MexaHHKeD. ‘ra cucrema 6oina ucnonb308aKa & riaHUpoKe Heckonokux ero CTpoeHil, a noaKe No~po6- Ho usnoxkeHa 8 qByx Tomax: «Monynop» (1948) w «Moynop-2» (1955). Xota cpaay nocne caoero nossneHus MoAy- lop He nony4nn nosceMecTHoro npHMeHeHiAs, OW Cram MCTOMHHKOM @AOXHOREHUA Ht OCHOBHSIM MHcTpyMeHToM ayia cosmarenedi ceTOK @ pamKax MHTepHayoHaNbHoro TANOrpacbUNECKorO CTHNA (raloke wasecTeH Kak weeliyapcKnii crHnb; BOSHAK 8 Lseliyapun 8 1950-x rogax, xapakrepuayerca acuMMeTpHeii KoMNOSHUMM, rporeckHbIMi WpHCp: ‘Tami w MCnonbs0BaHHeM ceTOX) M MoAepHACTCKHX Ausaiin-aswxeHnl 80 sTopok nonosmne XX seka. PASAEN 1 MexayHaponusil cranqapt Gymarxnsix chopmaros ISO Cranaaprusposannbie pasmepel 6ymarn, wn MeT- puvieckne pasmepst ISO (International Organization for Standard ation — Mexaynapoawas opranin- alms mo Cranqaprvsaymy), sensiorca Han6onee PacnpoctpaHeHHbiM 4 YHMBepcabHbIMM 8 Tex ctpanax, rae uenonsayerca Merpuueckas cucrema ep. Craliqapr ISO, vaiavanbHo Haabieaauniica DIN A (Hemeukinit wicrityt no craHapra3a4nn), bin epeqen 8 Fepmaninu & 1922 rony. Crangaptwsuposaniiie paameps! 6ymara — 370 yaoSHoe Ht 3cbcbexTHBHOe CpeACTBO KOMMYHH- kay. Mpakraveckne npeumyuecrsa cranqapTH- SHpOBaHHOH CHCTeMbI pasMepoE HaBeCTHEI 4aaHo, a nepebie cnyyan ee npuMeHeHns Beinn sapern- CTpuposanei 8 Mranuu ewe e XIV exe. 8 ochose cratinaptos nponopynoHanbHeix pas- Mepos nexkuT coorHouenHe 1 : 1,4142, 3ro shaun, To Karki pasMep oTaMMaeTcA oT npenbIAyLYero nn nocneayioujero 6 fsa pasa. BHe 2a8MCHMOCTH (07 Toro, ckobKO paa AeNuTs AMCTSI RoNONaM, Wx NponopuwiK ocTaHyTca He3MeHHbIMU, Crangapr ISO qenurcs Ha pH rpynn: A, B WC. MlmcTbI rpynnbi A no Gonbuelt 4acr Mcnonb- sylorca 6 nonurpacbun, 8 YacTHOCTH Ans AenoBLIX Gnalikos w ny6nukaunli; rpyrina B npequasHavena As nnaKaTos 4 nicbopmayuoHHix rpacpHkos, 2.C — B ocHosHom qs KoHsepros. Kaxkabili paamep OCHOBbI BEPCTKM 3738 (CraHAapTw3mposaHubie pasmepbi 6ymarn ISO 40 aL ar ae as as as aa az BHYTDM rpynnbi MapKupyercs Tak HaabIBaeMbIM Hyneseim cychebmkcom: Hanpimep, AO, BO CO. Mexume pasmepei umeior oGosHauenns Al, A2 WA3, W Kaxkabili paseH nonoBMHe npepbiayujero ancra, Ech paaMep KOPOTKO! CropoHsi yaennun- BaeTcA BABE WM ANKHHOM CTOpOHbI yMeHbUIaeT- ‘cH BABE, TO NpoNOpYMH OCTaIOTCA NPEXHUMH, Crangaptieii nact AO MMeer Te ke nponop- nm npn pasmepe 8411189 wa (33,146,8 alorina) W nnowan® 6 oAMH KeaqpaTHbil Merp. Kaxkaan Nocnegytoujan yndppa nocne 6ykBbI A o3Ha4aeT, TO No cpasHennio ¢ npeabiayuMe nucrOM A1no- lwaab yMeHbWWMNaC’ B Aga pasa. Hanpumep, nucT Al pasmepom 594 x 841 mm (23,4 «33,1 qroiima) paBeH nonosuHe mucta AO. Muct A2 (420x594 mm, nm 16,5%23,4 miolina) cocrasnaer sevaepTe, wn 25%, oT cbopmata AO, a nuct A3 (297x420 MM, nw 11,7%16,5 alolima) — socbMyio Hactb oF AO.Ao Bai w1189 um BO 1000*1414 a co 91741297 33.1646,8 aia 39.4%55.7 nina 36,1*51.1 aoina AL 594861 BL 707*1000 ww 1648x917 23,433,1 alia 27,8*39,4 aiosina 25,5436.1 alia Az 420"594.0m4 Bz 500*707 mw 2458x648. 16,5234 olina 19,7227 ploina 18,0%25,5 aiiina As 2974200 BS 353x500 mw 3 3hnds8mw 117*16,5 wotna 13,9%19,7 nina 12,8418,0 gion aa 2305297 a 4250353 um ch 2294324 mae 8,3%11,7 aon 9,813.9 aloha 9,0%12,8 pina AB 168x210 mm 5176250 ua es 1624229 uw 5,848.3 noi 6,99,8 aroha 6.4%9,0 poimos 6105x148 we 61254176 wm 6 n4xt62.ua 415.8 nokia 4,9*6,9 aolina 4,546.4 azine AT 740105 0m 87886125 0m 7 eaetawn 2.94 okie 3,544.9 nokia 3,2*4,5 wotna AB 52e74 Bs 6zu88 um ce orem 2.02.9 avoina 2.43.5 atom 2,2*3,2 avoina AS37524 Bo Aan 62 a 9 40x57 0m 1512.0 aoa 1,742.4 rotina 1.612,2 notin 10 26637 a Bio 31x44um 10 28x40uu 1,015 avotina 1,21,7 avian 1An1.6 avin Pasmepbi 6énbuix nncTos, eM AO, CoXpaHIOT AMepnkalicknit HaMonanbabili mHcTHTYT craHAap- Te Ke NPONOPUMK M OGosHa4aloTcA NpecpukCOM Tos. HanGonee pacnpoctpaHeHHbie cbopmatei, oc- nepeg 6ykeor. Hanpumep, cbopmar 2A0 o6o3Ha- HoBaHHbie Ha 3THX cTaHgaprax, HasbiBaiorca letter waer paamep eqBoe Gonbuuni, 4eM 0, M paseH 1189x1682 mw (46,8x65,2 proline). ‘Amepuxanckuil u kaHadcKuii cmandapmer (or aura, enncemor; 8,5%11 aroiimos), legal (npo- McxoAMT oT cbopMara GnoKHOTa ¢ NMHOBAHHO Gymaroii; 8,5%14 aloimos), executive (oT arn. «ynpasnaiouyniin; 7x10 aloiimos) n ledger/tabloid 1SO ucnonsayercs no scemy apy, Kpome CLA (or aura. wxypHan/ra6nonny; 11%17 plolimos). Kanianb!, rae pasmepei w cbopMarsi onpenenser PASAEN 1 OCHOBbI BEPCTKU 39AmepwkaHcKHin W KaHagcknit CTaHqapTbr paz ‘@opmar Executive ‘Sopmar Letter ‘@opuar Legal ‘Sopmar Ledger/Tablold Pan CUBcPonMEPHRANCRAR CTANAAPT aaMErOR -AWARCKHA CTANAAPYPaauePon evr Executive 710 aiiiwos PAL = 560x840 me PAS 140210 um 184.267 ma 226331 wolima 5,5%8,3 gohma Letter 8,511 wotimos PAZ 420x560 um PAG — 105140 un 216279 wu 16,5+22,1 aiotina 4,1%5,5 aoiiaa Legal 8,514 aofmos PAS 280x420 ma 2164356 me 11¥16,5 pote Ledger/ 11617 niofinos Pag 210280 mm Tabloid 279432 am 40 8,311 giotinosNogo6no craaapry ISO, cesepoamepnkah- kuti bopmar Takoke OcHoBaH Ha NponopynoHand- HOM cooTHoWeHHs pasmepos. OfHaKo & ocHOBe ISO nexut enuroo6pastioe cooTHOWeHMe CTOPOH, a cesepo-aMepiikatickaa cicTema uMeeT j\ea 8a- puarra nponopunii: 1,545, wan 11x17, 4 1,294, nw 1722, 470 HaknaqbisaeT orpaHnHeHia Ha TO, CKONBKO pa3 MOKHO yeenH4iT WK YMEHBUHTS pasmep Tak, 4ro6bi Ha AKCTe He OCTasanocb CBO- GogHoro noma KaHianckiii craxinapt CAN 2-9,60M, ssenen- bili 8 1976 roay, npennonaraer wects chopmaTos Mapkuposkolt P, napaMerpbi KoTOpbIx sanaiOTCA okpyrneHHbIMn pasMepamit cesepoamepnkaHcKoro cranpapra. Takoxe 8 KaHagickoM cTaHgapre BMeCTO O6ujenpuHsTeix cooTHOWeH CTopoH McronbaytoT- a yHinkanbHble, xapakTepHble AMulb Ana Kanan (Cralgaptuamponanusie KHWaKHBI chopmarsi Cralqapribiit kHikHili cbopmar onpenenser- ca nytem usMepenna paccrosHnii o7 sepxHeli AO HWKHEN TONKM Kopeulka M OF ofHoro KpaR oGnoxKH 20 Apyroro. PasMep KHIDKHOM NoNoCbI onpepenserca pasmepom ANCTa, Ha KoTOpOM oa ewaTaercn, M TeM, CKOMbKO pas 2TOT NMCT cKNa Abisaetca nepen o6pesxoh. Bonbwimlictso KHInKHEIX cbopMaToR O6osHaua- tor, ckonbKO CTpaHAu NonysaeTCs M3 CTaHAapTHO- ro Tanorpacbckoro nucra nyTem cknaqbisaHna ero 8 Tetpanb-aknanky. Hanpumep, KHKTH CbopMaTom 8 nonosuny THnorpadbckoro mucra cocrosr 13 Te- Tpanel 8 1 crn6, cbopmat wH-Keapto — 43 TeTpa- eli, cnoxkenHbix 2 pasa, To ecTs 8.4 nucra, unin 8 crpauny, a wi-okraso — m3 TeTpageli, cnoxKeH- Hix 3 paaa, Maw 8 B nucTos, Wnw 16 crpaHny (nn, enpaa), CraHqaptnsuposaHHpie KHW)KHbIe chopmari (onan crwe) (aa cris (row ernens PASQEN 1 OCHOBbI BEPCTK 41(CraHqapTw3nposannbie KHMKHbIe ChopmaTbI — nponomKeHHe Pott Footseap crown Large Crown, Large Post Post ‘Small Demy Medium ‘Small Royal Super Royal Imperial 42 octavo 6,34 gona 160102 mm 6,8 4,3 suora 173+109 wm 7,55 pvolina 1916127 wae 85,3 noha 203134 am 8,344,3 nroina 2134109 mm 8,8%5,6 noha 224x142 ma 8x5 nolimon 203%127 wa 8,545.6 aiodna 2160142 wm 95,8 nlohna 2294147 wa 93x61 aloiina 236155 mm 10%6,3 provina 254160 mm 10,3%6,8 novia 262x173 wm 1187,5 potiaa 280191 wm Quarto 86,3 noha 203160 mm 8,3%6,8 nloana 2it173 wm 10%7,5 ntovina 254x191 wm 10,58 awiina 267x203 um 10,383 arovina 262x211 wm 11,3%8,8 aoiima 287224 sam 10%8 alofimos 254x203 ms 11,3%8,5 qiolina 2874216 ww 11,5%9 mvotimos 202229 4m 12,3%9,3 aroha 312%236 wae 12,510 arovimos 318%254 ae 13,5%10,3 arovina 3430262 ua 15x11 polinos 381279 wat 48mo crown Octave Octave ‘Medium octavo Royal Octave ‘Super Octave Imperial octavo Quarto 2,54 awoiiva 165%100 mae 3,555 aloina 90140 mat 46,5 nwiina 100165 wat 446,75 nvolina 100%370 wm 547,375 aroina 1254190 wa 5,375%8 poimos 135%200 am 69 poiimon 150%230 saw 6,5%9,25 nlova 1654235 a 6,5¥10 aiotinos 165250 wm 7:11 apotinos 180%280 wm 8,25011,5 aiotina 210290 am 9,512 pohuos 240305 mm 1219 plofimos 305x480 mmMposeppte ce6a B vem coctosr ocHoBHble pasnH4na Mexay a6conioTHol w oTHOCHMTeNb- Holi cucremamu uamepenni? Hasopnre craymapTabie nocTosHHbie BeAMUMHs! UsMepeHHi 8 aHTNO- aMepykalickoli THnoMeTpHYECKoit cucteme. HasosnTe craxnaptubie nocrosHHbie Sennunnibl vaMepeHuii 8 MeTpHue- ckoli cucteme. Hasosure ase paynonanbubie Be- AMMMHEL 8 OTHOCHTeNbHO! cucTeme vamepennit 8 tHnorpacbuke. Hasosure Tp cucrembi nponopyni, koTopbie Moker McnonssoBarb rpa- ebuveckuii ansalinep ana cosaanna pasHooSpashbix npocTpaHcTBeHHbix COoTHOWEHHi 8 KOMMOSHYMOHHEIX cxemax. Kak Hasbisaetes pucyHok Yenoneve- cxoit cburypsr, Koropbilt npeacrae net Buayanbiyto Teopiio cucTe- Mol nponopynii, paspa6orannyio Jleovapao fa Banu? sid 12. 132 14. Haaosnte uncnosoe coorHouleHne 3070- Toro cevenna. Toctpolire kaHon Bax aep Tpaacba. Onpepenure uncnossie pati, ocHoBaH- Hble Ha nocnenosatensHocTa @H6oHaUUM, Tloctpolite antamnsecknit npamoyronb- ik W onpenenute coorHoweHne ero cropon. Kak HasbisaeTes cucrema nponopuni, paspaGoTalas H3BecTHEIM apxuTeK- Topom-MonlepHUcToM Sle Kop6103be? Hasosure coorHowenne cTopon craHgap- Tw3MpoBaHHbix GyMarkHbix pasmepos ISO. Kakas aGconioTHas cHcrema mamepeHnit TeKHT B OCHOBE CTaHqapTHsMpoBaHHbIx ‘Symanxibix pasmepos ISO? Noctpoiire quarpammy Bannapa, Omeemsi Ha c 222Pa3syen 2 AHaTOMUG CeTKU AS TOTO YTOGbI Nye NOHATb UU OL|e- HUTb MHOroO6pasne COCTAaBNAIOLNX CeTKy aHaTOMM4eCKHX 3eMeHTOB (Nog- Ppo6Hee o Hux — B pa3gene 3), rpacbu- | | | a S Le CK AN3aiHep AOMKeH 6bITb 3Ha- KOM CO BCeMU ee chopmamy, CTpykTypamu uu HioaHCaMn. Kaokgaa CeTKa, Haas OT NpOCTOM MaHycKpunTHON (c. 78) v 3aKaH4UBasa 6oNee COKHbIMI C BHyTpeHHen uepapxneii (c. 106), wmeeT yHUKanbHbI BHELWHUH Bug, a TakKe XapakTePHble OCOGEHHOCTH, KOTOPBIE, B CBOIO ouepenb, CopmupytoT KOMNO3UMOHHYI0 CXEMY BEPCTKH, UCXOgA M3 BU3YaNbHOrO UM TeKCTOBOrO Comep»KaHua. J06aA ceTKa COCTOUT M3 Ha6Opa BbIDOBHEHHbIX 3/EMEHTOB, puseanve: Bce sapuanms cemnu, paccMompennue @ JonHoM paaBene, UnanbsoKani@ Moxeme KHUCU 4546 AxaTomua CeTKH — NpogosKeHKe BbICTYNMalOLWMXx B Ka4eCTBe HanpaBnatolnx AIA OpraHn- 3aUNN V pasMeLeHUA BU3yaNbHbIX KOMMOHEHTOB BHYTPU KOMNO3MUMOHHON CxembI (c. 47-49). STM CTpyKTypHble 3/EMEHTbI MPUCYTCTBYIOT BO BCeX CeTKaX, BHE 3aBUCU- MOCTH OT CNO>KHOCTH UX YCTPOUCTBa, M MOryT CoueTaTb- ca M@KAY CO6OK UNM UCnosMb30BaTbCA OTAENbHO Apyr OT apyra. Ha OcHoBe xOpowo cnaHupoBaHHOn CeTKN BbI CMO- 2KeTE CO34aTb 6ECKOHEYHOR KOMMYECTBO KOMMO3UOH- HbIX peleHHii. Takoxe B Kpyr O6a3aHHOCTeM rpadn4ueckoro Au3zaiiHepa BXOQUT NpUsAyMbIBaHUe HOBbIX CeTOK B 3aBN- cumoctn oT Cneyndpuku 3agaun. Bce au3zaiHepckne 3afa- un oTsNuaIoTCA Apyr OT Apyra, “ nosTOMy Ana peweHua kakgoii 3 Hux TpeGyloTca CnelNaNbHO paspa6oTaHHble ceTku. MoHMMaHue 3TOro BaxKHeMWerO MOMeHTa Hen3- 6@KHO 6yfeT OKa3bIBaTb BNMAHUE Ha Bale BU3yanbHOe BOCNPUsTUe U NOMO>KET BaM MpUHUMaTb 6onee yAauHble VY NpOAYMaHHble peWeHNA OTHOCUTEMbHO BbIGOpa UM Npu- MeHeHua CeTKH. OCHOBHbIMM aHaTOMMYeECKMMN 3/IeEMeHTaMM CeTKN ABNAIOTCA BHELUHME MONA, KONOHKM, MOAYANM, MOfy/bHble o6NacTu, Npo6enbHble CTpoKU, MapKepbl, UHTepBanbi, npoctpanctBa Mery annesmu uv MogynbHble rpynnbl.4 Annen y KononKn Chequnkn, wan a MerkKonoHONHDIE nnrepea ~ Moayan ~ Mposenviiie erpokn Monynbtie oGnactn ~y Mapxeppt BHewHee none puvewnh arcxbnonion sso ase ‘Caton crea ‘Una ORO KORO vA OHOTO WORT ieee Wb Ld, 48snare lest officit shaxi jolenimi, sit vellesed nue i erspis deles mitictis votlup dis dolocum verupt4m is doluptus, to quatem quaspiet venil fas ipidi sequis nessim bea aborum atius vit, ut occulpa nus, aute ollatis nestiorrum quia nis ut excero blandam J volores etur a dolup- Tia ciPox ue velliquodi dit aut Jaccus} idolum nonsequunt pr quraerum quae Tibys tum ue nisit pernatae. Gehte ve ust eaquatem est, vel mo t piciame valendi tianser volupta quid luptur? Fietur ma expe Imil earchit psx or ocwoaworo teKcra) [vA OCHOSE KONOMOK? (OMY WHTEPBAROS) Tanta error VAM s non prepel etu comnient, volores , ut eosandio etus tio omnihic telsequatur aliquia volu dolor aut et quibus, iunt magnis expe ‘runtiat velis q iantis sitate volotes olecus ex essimi ~_emquat volupis tiy destiberum assequod es quam, con non res jodi¢ temporporu iet|rectur, corest uptat unto quam, qu tugam eictempor aut at min nis ventio tem fugitatio officae. tam © psus audi si com alit ataescid quidu | ihicto eos du s qui del maia apis tiorem ent a itate sitaqua o: cere m, dus, FATEPRANGADR ET +5 00% OF DeHORHOTO TEKCTA) ABNEN 2 HATOMMA CETKU 4950 AnaTomna ceTkn — nponomKeHHe Flona Mong npeactasnator co6oli rpaHuubi, wan Hera~ ‘TwBHble npoctpakcrsa, pacnonoKeHHble BoKpyr Nonocbi Ha6opa H OnpenensIOUINe pabouyio ‘oGnact», 8 KoTOpo! pasMeulaeTca sHayanbHoe WTexcrosoe cogepskatine. OnpeneneHie npo- Nopunii noneli urpaer BarKHyio ponb, nockon- ky OM oTBeHaIOT 3a ycTaHOBNeHKe OBU\ero. Ganalica M pysyanbHol HanpAxKeHHOCTH BHYTpH KomnosMuHoHHol cxeMbI nonocbl, Nong TaWRKe wcnonbsyiorcs rpacbusecknmn Anzativepamn ANA Toro, 4706bi OGpaTwTb BHHMAHME Ha BMayanbHoe Wn TeKcToBOe Conep»KaHHe, AaTb BO3MOKHOCTE Faagy u#raTena OTAOXHYTS, a TaKoKe ANS pasMe- UjeHva RononHMTeNbHO! micbopMayIN — Ko- AOHTUTYNOB M KONOHLMEDp. Ansa pasnnvenna pashix TAno# noneit BHYTPH CeTKH W CxeMBI CTPAHAUb! McnonbayioTcA cheumanbusie waeHTAcbakaropsl. K npumepy, BepxHee, MaM ronoBHoe, none — 3T0 ropr30H- ‘TanbHoe none, pacnonoxeHHoe asepxy nonocei. Hike none — ropwsoHTanbHoe none BHu3y nonocbi. BHewHee, HK 6okoBOe, None — ato BeptukanbHoe none, pacnonoxKekHoe Bob BHEUIHeTO Kpas osOCbI, KoTOpoe zaKMOUZeT Bu3yanbHoe M TeKcToBoe ConepKaHe 8 paM- ky. BHyTpeHHee none pacnonoxeHo nocepe- AnHe cr6a passopora, Ero Take HazbiBaI0T kopewikoabim, B nio6ot cerke nong abinonuaior cpasy HeckonbKo yHKunli, HanpuMep, OcHOBHOM nx cbynikyneit nansetca saknioveHne suayanbHoro W TeKcTOBoro ConepxKaHHs B PaMKy BHYTPA KOM- NOSMAMOHHOM cxeMbI NonocsI TaKHM O6paz0M, \TO6bI UnTaTENKO Gino nerve BsanMopelicTao- BaTb C HMM, NOHHMATD ero HasHaeHHe. BEI6Op Mexay PasibiMH, CHMMETPAYHBIM M HepaBHi- Ma, acMMMeTpHUHBIMK NONAMA cAenaeT paBouyto oGnacte ana pasMeuleniia BHsyanbHoro HM TekcroBoro conep»kaHna nH60 MeHbILe, nH6O Gonsue. C nomoujsio pasHeix noneli cosnaerca cTaTwyeckas KomnosMyHonHan CxeMa, 8 TO ape- Ma Kak Hepasiibie nions nossonstor pagar KOMNO3MAMOHHOH cXeMe AMHAMMKY H ABHKEHHE. Tlona, Gonee wapokne, em cpemHinkn (MexKo- AOHOUNBIE HHTepBANE!), NoByKAaIOT UnTaTeNS cocpegorounrs sarnsa sHyTpM pasoeli o6nacTn Ronocti, Toraa Kak Gonee yakne nons yMeHbula- Jor evayanshoe HanpaxeHue Taioxe saxHo yunTolaaTe nponopynu Mma pamerpoi sHyTpeHHinx none — sHyTpA KoMnO3A UMOHHol cxemb1 passopora, ur06s1 suayanbuoe W TeKcTosoe ConeprKaHne He HCHe3NO B CruGe KOpeUIKa KHITH H He CTano Mnoxo paannun- Moin, LUMpinia BHeUlHero mona crpaHilybi TaIOKe AomKHa 6brTe BOCTaTONHO!, 4TO6bI suTaTeNKO vino yaoSHo AeprKaTe KHUTY H ConbWOH naney He 3aKpbisan 4acTe Bu3yanbHoro Wan TeKcToBoro conepxkanins, B oGpiuHoi, nan MaHycKpunTHO!, ceTKe (€. 78) Gonee wnpokne v samerHbte nona MoryT paskoo6pasMTs CraHAapTHylo KOMNOSMUOHHYIO cxemy. KoneGania 8 pasmepax noneli TawoKe NosBonsior Cosats HeoGxoAMMoe csoBoAHOe NpoctpalicTEo, KoTOpoe MOxHO NPM KeNaHAM ucnonbsosare.a ale52 AvaTomna ceTKM — npoRomKeHne Kononxn Konoukn — 370 seprnkanbibie rexcroabie 610- kn, KoTopble cosqator sepTukanbHsle noapas AeneHna BhyTpM padouel o6nacTH KOMNOSMIKK- OnHOl cxembl. CeTka MoxeT conepxKare mo60e KonH¥ecTBO KONOHOK OgMHaKOBOH Him pasHoit MPH! 8 saBHCHMOCTH OT CBOerO HHcopMaLA- onHoro cogepxanina. Pacuer wmpntie! KONOHKH H ANMHBI CTpOKM sonaeTcA saxHol sanauel, nocKonbky WesIb Avsaiinepa — yqo6cra0 4TeHMA W onTHManbHaR pasnuumMocte wpncbra TeKcTa. Paamep Kerns, Ania CTPOKH W HHTepAMHEADK RBNAIOTCA HEOTS- ‘eM/eMbIMH xapakTepHcTakaMn KONOHKH, KoTO- Pbie HeoGxoAMMO BHHMATeNbHO NpoaHaNHsKpO- barb, nperkae Wem OKOHMaTENSHO OnpenenuTD npany 4 pasmep KonoHOK. Heo6xon¥mo TakKe OueHMTS, Kak AaHHbIl Kerb uIpucbta CooTHOCHT- 8 .C WMPMHON KOMOHKM HM KOAMYECTBOM 3HaKOB, koTopoe MoxeT B He NOMECTHTECS, HTOGEI MitTa- Tenio 6eino yAO6HO BOCNpAHMMaTD TeKCT. Ana makcumanbHoro yao6crsa Yrenna CUMTaeTCA, 470 8 CTPOKE AOMKHO NOMEUIaTECA 07 45 0 60 3HaKos c y4eToM npoGenos. 3toT KpwTepHit MOXKeT MeHSTECA 8 3aBKCHMOCTA oT BbiGpaHHoro wpMcbTa M Kerns. Ecni wiKpHHa KONOHKH cnHWKOM Masia ja RaHHOrO Kerns, To 970 npmseger K YpesMepHoMy KonMueCTBY nepeHocos. Ecnw xe winpuna 6yeT CHMLIKOM Gonbwoi ans Kerns, To rasa 4uTaTens 6bicTpo ycranyr, w emy 6ygeT ace cnoxHee HaxoguTs Havano HoBol crpoxn. OntumanbHbid pasmep Texcrosoii KonoHKH choco6creyer pasmepenHomy 1 KomeboprHomy BaaMMonelicTanto c UnTaTeneM He TonbKo vepe3, Nocneqosarenbibik TeKcr BHYTPM KOMNOSH- UMOHHOH CXeMBI, Ho M Hepes BCe BHayaNbHbIe 3nleMeHTbI BepcTkH.suse upoia nev xoenton fAtouan een LT. YY. WEA. Yf yy ry YY L zi Es Yy YY YUff—yyw Yj Yj) Pasaen 2 JAHATOMMA CETKU54 AnaTomma ceTKH — npopomKeHne Monynu (monynbubie keris) Monynn sensiorcs uuaMBMAyanbHbIMM eAMHALa- Mu npoctpancrsa BHyTpM CeTKM. OnM paageneHb! PaBHbIMM MHTepBanamn, KoTOpbIe NoBTopaIoTcA BHYTPM KOMMOSHUMOHHOM CKxembI m O6pasytoT KONOHKH Ht CTPOKH pasnH4HbIx pasmepos. Kak w 8 cnysae c MonynbHoi cerKok (c. 92), Moaynn cbopmupytorcs nocpencteom ropH30H- TaNbHEIX NPOGeNbHbIx CTPOK, KoTOpEIe AenaT BepTHKanbHbIe KOSIONKM BHYTPH CeTKH NoNOCEI Ha CTPoKm, o6pasya Tem caMbim MogynbHyio cTpykrypy. OraenbHbie rpynnbi KoNOHOK 4 CTpOK BmecTe co cpentinkami o6pasyior MoaynbHbie oGnactn, KoTOpble MOryT sbinonHaTs onpeneneH- lle, Nosropmiounecs 80 Bcel KoMNOSMUNOHHOH cxeme cbyHKyan. HykHo npasiinbHo sbi6upae konmuecTBO Monyrieli & KoMnosHyMOHHOl CKeMe Nonocbl. B 10 spems kak Mogysin MeHbwero pasmepa Npennonaraior G6nbuyio TM6KOCTS M NosBONsIOT AOGuTECA Gonee BLICOKOM TOMHOCTH B KOMNO- SHUMOHHOH CxeMe, ucronbsoBaHMe CAMWIKOM Sonbuioro KonmHectsa Moaynelk Moker enayanb- Ho aanyrate anrarena. Mponopuna n pasMepo! Monyns TaIcKe RBNA- oTcA BaxHbIMH acneKTaMA. Mponopuna monyna Moxer 6siTb BepTakanbHoll unu ropuaoHTanbHOl W OcHoBaHHOl Ha nponopunsx n opHeHTayHH Mnmioctpatini, ucnonbayembix 8 BepCTKe, HAM KE Ha Wapiie H BbicoTe a6sayes OcHosHoro TeKcTa. PasMepsi noneli w wirepsanos TaKoxe caaga Hol c KOHeuHBINM pasMepaMn Monyna, TaKHM 06pazom, cerka BbinontiseT ponb KapKaca ana Conepxania, a Coaepxane, 8 cB010 oNepend, Hanpamylo cea3aHio ¢ ceTKoMt, 8 KOTOPO OHO pasmeujaerca Monyausie o6nacrn Monynsnbie o6nactu npeacrasnaior coSoii HeKoTopoe Konnuectso Mopyneli aHyrpH cerKH, OSpasylouyx aneMeHTs! KOMNO3MUKOHHOM cxe Mol cogepkaU\nx opHOTUNHYIO HHcopMaLyAto (ws06paxenna uni KonoHKH TeKcTa). TpoGensusie crpoxn NpoGenvuvie crpok — >To ropHaoHranbHbie ‘AMMAN BHYTPH CeTKH, C MOMOUYbIO KOTOPEIX BH3Y- anbHoe m TeKcToBoe conepxanue pasmewiaeTca 4 Boipahnsaercs 8 onpegeneHHbix o6nacrax w koropbie yuacraylor & Hanpasnenin ABHxKeHAA 83rnajia MMraTe/s NO KOMNO3M\4KOHHOi cxeMe, a Take onpegensior craprosble W KOHeUHEIE Toukm ayia TexcTa M H306paxeHinii Ha nonoce. Kononkn cerkn MoryT 6oiTb pasaenenibi oot Wai HeCKonbkMMM pasHoyganeHHbian Apyr oT apyra npoGembrbimu crpoKami Mposenbibie crpoKm — 370 HesMquMle Ha- pabnatoulne, KoTOpbie NoMoraioT opraHsayKH suayanbhbix 9leMeHToR M HerarHBHoro npo- cTpaticrea, a Takxe Hanpasnsior sarnag unTarens No nonoce una passopory. K npumepy, 8 cere HeckonbKHMH KonOHKaMH (C. 82) npobenbHEIe CTpoKM Moryr BbicTynaTo 8 KaeCTae BTOpHNHO! CTPYKTYPEI, C NOMOWYHI KOTOPO MOKHO ycTa~ HaBnneaTe HeTHnKuHbIe paspbies! Merkny 610Ka- Mu TeKcTa Win pasMewjaTe o6veKTEI. OM MoryT cayxuTs ans onpeaenenna MecTa pasMeuienna NoBTopaOWAXcA JaroNOBKoE Mnl KOOHUMEhP,uuwenia oyna ae zs ue Vy56 Anatomua ceTKw — npogomKenne a TaloKe Ana OGosHaveHns OGnacrelt, re AOMKHb! GoiTb pacnonoxeHb! MamocTpaynH Haw PaSAMYHble THN! TeKCTOBO! MHcopmaynn Boge xpoHonoruii, noanykros HnK epesok, Mapxeput Mapkepsi onpeaensior Mecto pasmeweHina AONOAHMTERLHOM MHchopmauin: BepxHHe HAH HibkHile KOOTMTyNbI, KONOHUMEppb! (HOMepOB eTpaHMu) unui noGoro Apyroro noBTopsioujerocA aneMmeHTa, KoTopbilt saHMMaeT nocTosHHoe Me- To Ha CTpaHaye Hnn passopore. Mapkepsi—3To UenHbiii MHcTpyMeHTapiit Hasuraynn, nomoraio- unit sHTaTenio Ges Tpyaa opmeHTuposarocs 8 an- 3yaMbHOM MW TEKCTOBOM COREp KAHN MaqaHHA. CpeqHKn (mexKonoHONHbIe MHTepBanbi) wannen Cpenninkn n annen o6bi4ho cunTatorcs Heak- TABHbIM NpOCTpaHcTaOM 8 ceTke. CpemHHKH pasgensior oTAenbHbIe KONOHKH TeKcTa, a an- sien — shyTpeHHee (kopeuikoB0e) none, MoMuMo Toro, 4To CpemHUKM sHayanbHO oTgensIOT KONOHK Apyr OT Apyra, OHM BAKALOT H Ha OHH BHA KOMNOSMUMOHHON CXEMbI BepCTKH, a TAKKE ‘onpenennior yno6crso socnpusraa sMayansHoro W TeKcTosoro conepxkanins. Uertpancibili wrepean, unin annes, npen- cTasnner co6oli ueHTpanbHoe none cerKH, rae Age nonoce! scrpeuatorcs y Kopeuska. TepMittl unTepsann u cannesy cnyxat Take Ana onpe- AeneHis paccTORHUs OT TeKCTOBbIX KONOHOK ‘Ao o6pe3a nonoces. XoTA O6sI4HO cpeAHHK H annen ucnonb- syloTea AN pasjeneHna JneMeHTos CrpaHH- bl Mai caminx cTpaHity, OHM TaKOKe MoryT BbINOAHATS cbyHKUMIO KnioveBoro BuayanbHOrO 3nementa KoMnosmunn. HanpuMep, ysennunean nn yMeHbulas pasMep uitTepsana no oTHO- UeHMIO K NpHNeXauHM aneMeHTaM, MOxHO AoSuTECA Gonee oNesMAHOrO GanaHca ann cosqaTe nosbiweHHylo BuayanbHyio HanpAKeH- HocTb Mekay HAMi. CpeaHinkn Ht annen TaIoKe MoxkHo Mcnomb3o8aT ana NpHBNeeHH BHAMA- Hila K ByayanbHOMy WM TeKcTOBOMy Comep»xaliiio BHYTPM KOMNOSMUKOHHOA CxeMbI, CosgaHna o6nacreli ana orqbixa sarnsma wuraTens Win ANA pasmewjenna BTOpM4HO’, noBropaIowelics nicbopwaunn. Annewo o6si4Hio NpHMeHsioT Ana oTAe- ens OBMOMi NoNOCS! OT APYFO}, OAHAKO 310 Pasmenetine MOET 6biT> MAHMMHsHpoBaHO HM BoBce yOpalio, env pasMecTuT» 8 aTol4 OGnacTH ws06paxenua, C NOMOUIbIO TaKOTO HeTHNHMHOTO acbebexrnsHoro cnocoéa ncnonssoBakna annen MoxkHO AONONHMTENbHO BMSyaNbHO BOSReliCTBO- barb Ha unTaTens, a TakoKe BapbuPOBATS MacWITa6 W pasHooSpasuT> puTM 8 mO60li KoMnOsMU- OHHOli cxeme, OgHako cneayeT NOMHHTS, 470 pasmeujehne ocHoBHOrO TekcTa B annee MoxeT bbI38aTb PAA NPOGMeM, OCOBeHHO np UcnONb30- sawn HeGonbuloro Kerns. Monynenwie rpynnisi Pas6wenue ceTkn Ha rpyninbi Monyneli noakonaer CcosqasaTe MHOKECTSO BapHaHToS AAAMHUKEIX KOMMOSMUMOHHEIX CXEM M MPH STOM He MeHATE 6az08yto crpyktypy u 3nemenToi 3TOl cerkn, Tapmounueckan w anHaMuunan KoMnoaMyWoHHan cxeMa COCTOMT M3 KONOHOK TeKcTa M Moaynb- HbIx rpynn, BHYTPH KOTOpbIx pasMewaiorcA vnmoctpaynn.ama reaps «annea WK \KWACUuns< SINS Fi eee TREE LE YE | . . W, —58 TepmuHonorna Vayune.npeanaraemoe Tepmionornueckoe PyKOBOACTSO, Bbi OBnaneeTe yHnBepcanbHbiM SbIKOM ANS ONIMCAHNA HacTeli Mo6Ix KOMMOSHUMOHHEIX CxeM, a TAKE HayuATece ananvsnposate w cpasHnearb 4x aneMenTbl W xapakrepwcTHkn 3HaKOMCTBO ¢ TepMAHaMH NOMODKET Bam AyMUJe NOHATS M NpOYyscTBOBATS rapMOHitIo ¥W CNOKHOCTD KOMMOSHYMOHHBIX CKEM BEPCTKN. Xopowio o6pasoBannbiti m acbcbexrHBHo paSorarousnli rpadbnueckmit quaalinep aomKen 3HaTb OCHOBBI BepCTKM, CHCTEMBI CeTOK, avaTommio CeTOK, NpMHUWNe! KOMTOSHUMHL xapakTepycTHki BepCTKM ANS Toro, uTOG6D AyMue OpMeHTApOBATECA BO MHOXKECTBE TepMunos, onvcbisatoulHx aHaTOMMIO BEPCTKM, a Take pacnosHasaTb NOxOKME M pasnnualoulmecs acnekTo! BCeBO3MOKHEIX cxem seperkn. Tlonumanine 2THx ocHos orpasntca Ha BalinX BHaYANDHEIX CYPKACHHAX, a TOKE NosBonnt Bam NpHHUMATS Bone a pacnonoxenus ‘Tepunm oncsinaer pacronomenne enayanbnbix sneMenron nvaxo ApyE OT Apyra, To cbopmnpyer mexay HiMn Npo- {rpancruennyro u uidbopmayuontyio cand. PA3AEN 2 AHATOMMA CETKN 5960 TepmuHonorma — npogomxenne 5-3 Bnounas cerka (Cet. Manyexpunrnan covka. Boxkecrsenaa nponopywa Cu. Sonotoe cevenne, Bec Bocnpusussaenenii dusnvecknit nec anemenra 8 mosoH ounoanynn smuner Ha To, HacKonewo cimnsHo OH MpKeneKaer swumanne. Hanpumep, sxayanvno 6onee tmxensti aneMoNT ‘Gonvuse npmenekaer SHAMaHNE, Mem SuByaNDHO NerKNit 276- our raKoro me pasmeps, Bepcrka Paameujenne xomnowoaka ewayansHbix sneMenre anne ‘upuepra, wnmocrpaui » apyrol padi va nonoce unit oxpane. BeptukanbHoe Bipasiearine cm. Beptvkanbras cummerpus Bepracanoias camuserpun erpoxrcn orwociTensio noosa xaewol pepricamnoi nuns, pbicrynaioue» Kavecrse asnenwrens xowrosmynonHol exemss, fAe npakan v nea {roponibt sepkanano wnenTHsHn. fprmepom BepruKansHol ‘mmerpnu aensiorex navHa Popuaxa, Bepxee none Ch. Fonoanoe none. Bucaunii snement ‘Opwo cnoso unu nepsas crpoxa a6zaU3, pacnonomenian uuay nonocst naGopa aw Texcroxol KonowE. Bocnpuatue npoctoro cootHowenua cburyps! Wchowa capnsme npocrore cooTHoWeNiR ebutyps MoKA aos ‘cae, Korna cbnrypa ssionver pone nanerusiorom axra oro npocrpawcre, 3 ou — ner TaKoM KoMosnyWORHOM BSBHMOOTHOWENIN durypa WerKo ‘enaua ncyuiecrayer oraensno or tov. oro w nacciaHoro, Np Bocnpusrne cburypei u cbona Bocnpnsrue cpurypui u chor — sro cnoco6Hocre weno ‘ca pacnoauauare suayanuenie aneMenret 2460 KaK o6 vex (burypy), pasmousennasit wa done, nn6o KaK cbonionoe none omnosmusen. Bpauarenbnaa cummerpaa Bpauarenvnas cumierpin opmnpyerca BHytpH KOMNOSH- ‘UwoNHolt cxeMo1 nyrem spaujenss ce anemenroR 8 HapyAKHYIO ‘cropony Ws o6uiei uenrpansHok Tok, Hanpawnan npH 2oN ssrnsq wnratens bHyTpE KoMnosHyHH. B KavecrEe NpHMepA ‘spauaremsnoi cumnerpinn, coaganHoil enoseKoM, MOxHO pwsecru ‘pmaepom raKo cumbleTpHM Emy>KuT, HARPUMED, NORCOANYE. amen apaGecum anv ManAanst.B NPHPORE Bpeska Bpeskoit nassisator yaxyio KonowKy, KorOpaR no ore pauwa ‘cranbioum KonowwaM cork, 25 UpIEY — nonOBAHe KONOHKE. (06s14no ona pacnonaraeres cneaa nw enpasa no KpaIo cern, Mo Gonbuieit wacrs Henonssosanacs ana paaMeutenun yrasaremoi mucpopmayin 8 ra6nouAax u razerax a KONG 1990-x ronon ma Hauane XX neka. Beikniouxa rio uimpane (10 chopary) Buipasnusanne crpox Texcra oRNONPeweHHO no nenoMy npazomy epaau Konowee. CM. KK pannwesnne. Beikniouxa Brea: Ch. Buspanianeanite enimosKa). Boikniouxa snpaso (Cu. Buipasnnnanne (soicrrowna). Boikniouxa no ueHTpy (Cu. Buipasnnearine, Boiner ‘lewarnan oGnacre 3a rpannueh o6pesa nonocn, fae nPORON- .xaloves Tate rpadbieckne OB MONT, KaK HAnoCTpaUH wuserosuie sannnie, ecnu on AonMND yampareca 8 Kai e6pe22. Buipantineanne (sbiknIO%Ka) COpranncauyn »paomeujenne anyrpu KoMnosn4nonnol exe- ust erpox ennowworo Texcra orHocirensho onpenensniora‘pons wns ou. Buipashneanite soxer Suits paoHbi va aneso, nonkas sukmouia 4 auKniouxa no YeHTPy. Boipasnneanve eneso Ca, Buipassnsanne, Boipasuneaxve enpaso (Cu, Buspannnsanne. Beictyn ‘Cu, Bemus oreryn. BbixogHbie AaHHnre Bhixonnie aavnele cogepycr cnncox men m gommnocrel asropos, pemaktopos, KoNcynsraNros m npasooGnaqaTencli, meiouinx oTHOWIeHWE K nyBnHKaUAN KMHIH HIM ApyTOTO ewatworo wsannt fapmonnueckoe genenue Ce. Sonoroe ceuonne. Tonoshoe none Osnacre seepxy nonoctt, aKKe HashisaeMan nepxiM nOneM. TopnsoHranbhoe sbipasHneaHne Cu. Boipasnnsanne, Topusomranbiaa cumMerpan Fopmsonransnas cmmmerpus coanaeres Toraa, Korma yenos- uli ropua0NT Wan ropHaoHtansHan ANH Renm KOMOSH- yo Ha paanuie dacty, B xavectse npumepa TaKolk cHnMeTpHM ‘MoxHo npmsecra nefisa%, oTpaKaIOUINiies Na NOBEpXHOCTH enoxoiinoro sepa, Asolinom Keagpat (Ce. Anvamusieckaii npamoyronsiine. Asolicrsentoe uz06paxenne (o6paTumbie burype) ters maollereeutore mopman mame, ra rvomanma emay observ meumcra x ove! pe- cxyaronl fe nen vere onpeneroneswwower seer 1 6nygntie no npn on tee Ear nenmeeTo0 O58 van. Beapatecqnotcroeaian nooSpacemmen gua terra tase tut cpa unn eceryp. BiavecoeKascovecnore IRpumepa MoKNO NpHBecTH so6pameHNe Ba3bt PySuNa,cO- snannoe ncwxonorom 2prapom Py6uHom (Janus, 1885-1951), Ha oro ns0Spaxennw nosurmanoe wepsioe npocrpancTeo meer KoWryp Aayx senosewecknx nporpunel, a Gence Her ‘Tuniioe npocrpanicreo o6pasyer cbopmy wazu KoMweHTpMPYA Bssrnag ro Ha Conon, ro Ha YepHOM OGveKre, 3purens 22¢7 ‘nner wsoSparkenua YepenosaTace or Ml x saze m H20Soper. Asycroponnas c»mMerpua (Cm. Cnnamerpun. Ano CCrapmunas esponeticxan equauya usmepenna, pasion 0.0148 avotima, wan 0,0376 cw. Avmammuecknit Gananc Ce Acimmerpin. Anviammuecknii npawoyroneHik Aunannsecnnisnpaoyronsink — 270 npmoyronsink, Koropor0 coorwowenne cropon (sicora, pasnenentan ‘a umpmny) pasno onpenenerwoi senmane mntannsecroi ‘even rpH pasa, o6pasya Terpans wa 8 mucroD, wn 16 crpannt, (oxrar) yon wa paenHe NMUINO Ha MATHINK W OMMaURET «8 BOCE- seomol paan. MH-cbonno (folio) Texsuntecknil Tepmnn, onncnroatouni Gopaar KHMEA Mn Gyxnera, ix passopor newaraeres Ha OAKOM ANETe, a zaveM crn6aere nononaM. Takis o6pasoM nonywaerca ‘Terpans us weTsipox nonoc. IpoHcKOAMT OF naTHHEKOrO cno8a folium, osnawatouyero wancr VnnyHa6yna Knnra, nanevarannnie » Espone ao cepenins! XV nexa.Kavon Bax aep Fpaacba Ccuctesa nponopuni a ochose merononornn nocrpoenin xoMno.muwonO} Cxem nonocs!€onTuMansKéMt NponOp- sana noneti paGonel oGnacra an rexcra. Kavow Ban ep pana npeacrannserco6oit wcropwueciyio pexonerPyKMO ‘ncrembs,noropan, npeanononurensNo, Hcnonbsosanace ana ‘conan npusrisix nponopui a crpannuax cpenwesexo- uc pywonnceitw nepoonenastx xr (anKyHaGyn)w 8 pa Gorax raknx panninxrwnorpacbos w naparene ax Moran yrensepr Kopnesokt npamoyronsink (Cu. Auamnveckait npamoyronssie. Konnax. Konnam — 20 kownoanuna, nomysaiousanca a peaynerare Konnamonposanns, Wn cooqMHonin TeKcryp, FOTOBMIX MaTE- Phanos, wao6paxcvmis, raxeTHbIX UbIpesOK M Apyr¥x Maya ux nemenrToD, powcxoRur or dpanuyacxoro rnarona coller (woxneurs»). Kononka Kononxa — ato sepruxansio pacrionowenmitrexcroas ‘nox, coxpaioujni sepruxansnsie nenewita sHyrpH pasoNel ‘o6nacta xomnosnunonnol cxemb! neperin. Konorurya Konoveraryn npeacraanser cool oGnacts woxwen none ‘nom nonocoii wa6opa (ncnonbayerca Taxxe # nepxHent, Napyrenow, 4 92m KopeUIKODOM) H O6bINNO conepAT ‘Kononuneppy nM Hontep crpannu, 2 TaKKe MadRaNMe KHUTH, ‘rnansi ute a8ropa, Kononuneppa Kononunpa paamouiaeren va none maxeraM cORepIKHT woMmep crpannun Kownosnuumonnoii yekrp Kounosnunonnoi eve aannerce dyhnamenrann "Mpanuunom qMsaina, s24no“aouyMMc m AbIAeNENAH Onpe- enenioro » iM o6pas0M, WrOSet "npmanewe x HoMy warnsa suraTens. KoMnoaMuMONNDIR YerTp Metra KoMmOaMIHM Ta ‘Monn saqaTs nyrem pasMeujenua susyanbHeix snoMoHToR ‘sepcrio w Tex o6nacrax KomnoaMuwH, KoTOpHIe CcrecTaeH- OT arming, Hnw 28 nocpenCTEOM ontpacra, nosropenns wnv AROKeHS. Kowrpacr Peaynerar pasweueninn avayanbubix sneMenros 8 KONO: auyWonHo creme TaKHM oSpa30M, HTOGUI NoAYEPKHYTE ashy Meeay HHMI. KopewKosoe none nonoce! Kopeuncosoe, unu anyrpenvee, none nonocst npencrasner ‘cool sepruxansnoe none, pacnonoxenHoe Ha Suniel i xopeuney (ws x ern6y passopora) cropone nonocss, Koporkoe tpe (En Dash) ‘Tupe, noropoe no umpune counapaer ¢ 3H. Mcnonsayerca RAR ‘OGoanaNenen anananona mexcay Kneppame (wanpmmep, 8-24). Kpyrnaa (kerenbuaa) winayna ‘Ormochrenoian eAuninua HaMepenis, panhan pasmepy pada s nywrax. O6si4No cosnaAser no wNprie ¢ camo; ‘unpoxoi 6yxsoH wpnibra, KoTopo} nowrn aceraa nenmercn ‘nponweian M. Kpapocxypo Texnmuecknii npwem, c nomousie koropore aocruraercn ‘aKoii nowrpacr caeroren, Koraa MaoSpamcaeMbil oSeexT vaaxeres o6venanbin. Sinnetinaa nepcnextnea ‘uneiwan nepcnextusa onpegenserca suayansHbine CLOKAE- ‘veM napannensHuix anni & opnol TouKe, pacrononenvio ‘Ha ANN ropuaowa.MnniMA neperescna pacnonowennsie ‘ap ropwaoNToM, ManpanneHsi ania no AMarOMaNH 8 TOMI ‘exancqenna, a nnn nepenexrHesl, pacnonowenMble NOR Fo- PUIOHTOM, — BBepx. Beprinkanbibie sAnMn O6oaKaNaIOr mbCo- 1.2 ropmaowransinie nanan — wipMy. B oBoWx Hanpanne- ‘HMX ANNMH RansioTes napannensibite. TaKaR nepcneKTMea ‘a10Ke naabinaerea neperexrusok c onNod oNKot cxoRA.. Tianna npnasakn ‘nuns npmasaxn — 270 ropuaonransuan nawedixa 8 cerve, xoropoiunpwasauiazeren» axsyanbioe M reKcrORO® co- ‘Aepxanne 8 KoMTOsMUMOMHOl cXeMe. OHA CAYDKAT ANA TOrO, “Toi earning wwravens acerga ocraHaBAMnanca Ka OANOH Toit ce TowKe Ha acex nonocax aRaHNA. PA3QEN 2 AHATOMMA CETKN 6364 TepmuHonorma — npogomKenne a-n Duct ‘Oma crparnua wananun, sanevarannan ¢ AByx cropon, aman va xoroperx anngerca crpanuyelt, Maker Mowraxa Pacnonowenme mmnnatiop ceepcraHnix nonoc WanaHie Taku o6paso, «T0601 noxasaTs nopafoK cnegosaHnn nonoc. ManycxpunrHas cerka Manyexpurrian cerva aanneren caMoli npocroi cerkoi npencrasnser co6oii npawoyronsuyio nonocy na6opa, oropan ncnomsayevcn qn pasmeuienus crnoulHore Texts Tavone naawisaeres Gnowwoi cervok. Maprnnanun Texcronsie sneMeno! 8 sje 2aronoeKoe, KonONTITYNOR ¥ xononinehp, Koropste pacnonaraiores Ha nonsx nonoc. Mapkep Mapxepes cnyar ans pasmeujenten » cerke aononunrensioi nncbopMauys s anne sepxHix unm HWOKHNX KOnoHTHyn0B, kononunépp (nomepos crpannu) H moSe0x apyrHx nosops- ouyyxcs aneMmenroB, KoTopsie 22HMMAIOT NOcTORHNOE MeCTO ‘a crpawmue nam paaaopore. Macwraé Macurra6 otHocurenen u octosah ia nponiopun. Ero aia: Ananaa xapaxropucraia 8 KOMNOSHUMONHOR cxeme MOET tire ob vexrustoii unn cyGvexrusHol. Ci. raxKe OGveKTHE- ait macurra6, CySvexrusnnit wacwiras, MexkonoHouHbili npomexyToK (Cm. Cpemnn. Merpnueckas crictema usmepeHnit ‘Cranpaprisie nocronnnsie senmuaih ‘ceo cnereme! npegeranneni munnumerpamu (0,002 merpa, 0,2 eateramerpa, 0,0394 milia). Onn mnauMerp pasen 2,85 aneno-auepuxanexoro nynira. amepeninn merpirie- Munaumerp CCrawaaprnan equnmya namepennn ann Merpnve- ‘ceoitcwereme, Onwn munnumerp paseH 0,001 merpa, wai 0.03937 moi. Mogynop CCncrema nponopuni, ocwosannan Ha waMepennax venonese- ‘exoro Tena, yaBoexmn,riocnenosarensHocrn ouEOHaYH H 20- ‘nOTOM ceMeNH, CO>RaNHaR NMEHUTEIM pKHTEXTOPOM-MORED- crow ile Kop6vosve, wssocrasin raHoKe Kak Wlapn-Dayap Kantepe (Iaehiuapwa, 1887-1965). Moayns ‘Moayns npencrasnser co6oK ornemnyre, o6ocoSnennyio aBvbinH npoMexyriami enmnmuy npocrpancrsa RHYTPH ‘ceri, KoTopan nowropserca Ha nonoce M o6pasyer KONOMKH erpovn pasmuunsix pasmepor. Mogynstas rpynina ‘Mogynenan rpynna npencraunser co6oi Hexoropoe Konwe- cto monynek, xoropsie smecre oSpasyior oGnacte BHyTpH ceri nonoce!m npeawasnawensi ys pasmeuyenin ‘onpenenennoro ayaa nosropsiouelica micbopmaynn. Tae wasuinaeren o6nactuo. Mogynsias o6nacr ‘cM. Moaynsias rpynna, Moayneias ceTka Monynowan cerca — s70 cwctema, cocrosuian wo papa Bepra- W ropusosTamsHbix KONONOX, OBpasyioulnx MORY.M (oss1ano monynsusie Keaqpatn), Koropbie cayocar ann opra- uaaunn como nncopMaunn s sje cnnouHoro TeKcra wamocrpauii pasnwsoro macurra6s, Kak, HanpHMeD, ‘ raserax, rpacpwnax-oxemax W KaNeHARPAX. Mosanka ‘Mosaunoii wasninzers ws06parcenue, co6panwoe ws Neon vec ebparmenros userHore crekn, KAMA, KepaMMKH Hit byrux marepwanos, Movotwnvias eaunnua Benmunna vasepenin, sancaulan OT WMpHNbI sHaKA HAM ByK- ‘hI W sxmiouatoujan Senoe npocrpaHcrso no oGens croponam, Wo Ges ebinocisix anestenron, Mowrax Mowrax ~ 270 npoyecc coapanus onworo Hs0Spamenun a ebparmenros pasnerx usoGpamennit. Nponcxonsr oF pan tuysexore rnarona, osHaNaoujero aco6uparen.Myap [Myapossti ysop annserca ansyansunim sdpcpexron, noshia- ‘ouy, xoraa nea wna once yrna pacrpa dh rorpacpwsecxore wa06paxenna HMetor WesepHbIe sHaYENHA Mg pesynsraTe awnagninaiorcn apyr #3 Apyra Hanpagnenne earnaga Vicnonsayn nonoxcenine ofenra nnn anenenra nasaina y= ‘pH KoMOaMUMONNO cxeMbs, MonIO aapaBaTe KaNpaBNEHHE atnnga anrarena. Eenm anemenrot xomnosnunn pacriono- 2xevn! 8 onpenenentom HanpasneNnn, To HarneR HeNIEXHO ‘Syper cnegonaTs omy. Hanpmokennocts. ‘OrHocHTes K pasMMuNbiM ypoBHEM rapMoHAi ¥ AMCrapMo: wi, KoTopbie posHnKaor MeMAy SHyaNDHBIMK 2eMoHTaMM KomnoaMyonNoi cxemsi seperin. HeratwaHoe npocrpaHcrso (Cm. Benoe npocrpancrao. Heuetnas crpannua (recto) Nanas nonoca Kounosmuyonnol cxemm! BepcrIn WH passopora. Hassanne npowsouino or naruncxoro recto folio (werpanmua, pacnonomennan enpaean). Hiknee none pocrpancrao a numnel wacr# nonoce OGnact» saronoeKa ‘Osnacre saronoska » KownosMuWoHHOll cxeMe nonocel pacno- ‘nomena epayy nocne ronoBNoro NonR aA OCHORNDIM TeKcTOM o6weMo comePHUT HaIBaHNO KHATH Mn emaBDI NHEO HMR aeropa. Oopattioe cootHowenne cbrypsi 4 cboua ‘O6panioe cooriowenme cparypoi m bona noaninnaer, Korga ‘urypa enymar onom, a bon — eurypok Mpwunwoi rx spadpwsecol wieepenn nunnorc ovepraninn, o6paayiouwe- enna crone urypsin ona, O6vexrneHbilt macwrad Ocwextusnni macuira6 orpamaer qelicraronvusie napame- ‘Tp chuanneccoro oSvexa Han peansHoe BuayANHOR CooT- ‘Mowlenne Mey peansnnim oS veKToM M ero rpag>nuecKHN npeacrasnennen. Ouyuyenve sasepueniocta pununn rewransra swayansHom socnpustan, » coorser- crann c Koropsin enoneecKii moar o6nanaer npHPORHOM ‘cnocoswocree pacnoswasaT» wesanepuewt o6sexrst Kax. uenocrasie. Naranayna Farmnaun — 2t0 npouece pas6nenus Ha erpanmysi, wx no: ‘enenosaensnas opranisauns, 2 T20K0 HyMepauis. MaviKa Ennnnua uamepenna 8 ranorpabane. 12 nyskros past ‘Unaiixe, a6 naek pasnei 72 nynkram, nnn 1 lolimy (rouwee, 0,996 protons). Macnapry Pama, anytpH xoropoli pasmeuiaeres waniocrpauia wa swayansneit semen, Cayoorr aaa cranqapraaaunn npen- ‘crannejun maropnana. Nponexonit or dpanuyacKoro cnona, ‘osnavaroutero unpoxoaMr noscionyn. Martepx arrepnom masbisator oco6bil sua Texcrypat, Koropailt cocronT ws nosropaiowelien Kourosmywonnol eTpyKTYPAI, ormearouelicn wero} opranwsaumel w cacremnocroa, Tepequnit o6pes crpannupi Buewnnis xpaii nonocs, Knk none, npotmtononaxHoe kopeuixosomy. Tepcnextusa c qayma ToukaMn cxoKAeHAR (Ca. Mnocxoctnaa nepenextHea. Tepcnexruea c ool To¥Koi cxoxneHna (Cu. Rnweiinas nepenexrusa, Mnockocriaa nepcnextusa ‘lnocwocrias nepeneKrnea sosHwKaer, Koraa Abe avn) ‘Mute croponei sneMmeta BbTATHBAIOTER B CTOPOMY ABYX ‘ToWeK EXON AEH, PACTONONENHDIX Ha YRANONUH Y AANA ‘opHAOHTa. BeprHKanbibie AAMMM BHYTPH KOMORI ‘ocravores napannenbisiin no oTHOWeNHO APYE K APYTY. PASQEN 2 AHATOMMA CETKM. 6566 TepmuHonorua — nponomkenne n-c Topusonransibie xe napannensiie AMNun ByAyT no AMATO: ‘Wann yXonuTD K Aaym ToNKAM exOMeHHR, PACHOROMEHHEIM 14a n1060 cropone nun ropuaoHra. Taka nepenesriea ‘avoxe Hasbieneres nepcnexruaoii € AuyMa YoMKamH cxORa Nosroperne ipwens, onncbisarouyaitanoroxpaTHoe Hcnonsionahie a¥ay- Ambibix aneMonro8 # KouenosHAwonHOH cxoM: Floannce « nso6paxeHinio onruce x wsospaxkenio nanseren RoTanbSIM TeKCTORLIM ‘onucannem x wnavocrpayian, dbororpadbyn nhSo apyroMy s0sparkenmo Mak rpagbucteckoMy aneMeNTy aHyrpH Koxno- Flone Herarusioe npoctpancrse, pacnonoxcennoe Mexay KonOHKa- ‘us Texcra w o6pe20M nonocs. Nonestoe npocrpancrso lonesnoe npocrpancrso ~ 20 chuauveexan o6:acTh, Koro: pyio 2aHAMaer siayastsnan KoMOSHWR Monosnna nucra Ca. Mnesbonwo, Nonoca lonocoi, unm erpanuyel, naa saeTER onMa cropoHa ANCTA cura, Ha nonoce sHyrpH KoMnoaMyMonKol exoMbi pa2Meuia- roTea Texer Hm wnniocrpaun Hlonykpyrnaa uinauna ‘OrHocwTenbnan eqMnuua uamepenn 8 rANOrpadbHKe, paRHaR ‘nonoanne pasMepa wprébra 8 nyRKTax. OSs coanaqser ‘CnonosnHno} wnpHHol caMoi umpoKok SyKest wpndra, oropoit nowrn sceraa nenseten nponwenan M. Flocnegosarenbuocts Mocnenosarenswocrs aensetcn saxkwelwnn sHayanbisin ‘W amnmpnvectam enolicraon, KoTopoe noMoraer wTaremo komiboprwo u wnryurusio ssanMoneiicreosare ¢ npeRcTae- uarepnanoM. B KoMnOsHUMONNbIX cXeMax BepeTIn, ‘cotenHo 8 mySnnKauax u Be6:cairax co ennowniat TeX: ‘crom, nocnenosarensnocrs aommia 6tiTs Nponymana TaKHM 6pazom, ¥ro6s1 Ssino yRoSHo socnpHHMMaTE HUcbopMaLMID. Eenm marepnan ronan cSusunso w 2anyranno, werarendy ‘xopee acero, SeicTpo yeraner, nowyacrayer pasqpameniHe wa rore npexpavir wnrar TlocnegosarensHocts OuGoHauun Tocnenosarensiocrs @u6onasn npegcrannser co6oK a uucen, 8 koTOpOM Kaabii cneayrounis new auaneren cymmoi neyx npeasiayux: 0,1, 1,2, 3,5, 8, 13,21, 34, 5, 89, 144, 233, 37 n 7. Bra nocnegonatenbnocts HMeeT NPRMOE ‘oTwowienne K sonoroMy cevenitio nponopu 8:13. TaKKe asuinaerca sHenoM uGona, Norox Ecrecrsennoe no caoemy xapaKrepy H pari siayaneHoe mB: 2xene nuBo Merry sneMeNTaMA KONNOSHUNN, MEO MOMAY Mpasuno tperet CCucrema nponopuni, ocwosannan Ha TeopHM, cornacHo koropoli wenoseweckwit asrnaa ectecreenisi o6pav0M cra: vannnsaeres 8 ToxKax nepeceveninn Anvil, pasREMMOUNK wa06pamene Ha Tph WacTH no ropKzONTanH M BeprAKani. Mposenviie crpoxn pogensnore crpoxs ~ 20 ropiciouransnie anne cork, pasgenmoune snayanenoe TeXcrono® CoRepIaHNe 80 ‘Renbubie pa2gensi KoMnosMuMn. Menoneayioren 8 Ka¥ectBe ‘craprossrx m xone4nbix nosnyvil pacnonowenne reKeTa WAM amocrpaunit wa nonoce. Mponopuns Mponopunn aunnercs onvinn 3 ocHosHeX npwAyanoR Asana, crop onpegenser cucreMariieckoe ornowienme ‘onworo nusyansioro aneMenTa K ABYFOMY HyTPH KoMNOSH- nonnod exes Npocrparicrao pocrpanctaom nassisator oqMH ua manele awayansix nemenros, xoropoi Hensan paaMectir® Wnt noaMuwonpo- ‘avs » xownosmynonnoit cxeme, Npocrpancrse — aro paccros- we nw oSnacrs MeMAY, SOKPYF, HAA, NOR MRM BNYTDH ApyTU swayanserx anemenros (dburype, opus, waniocrpauyen) ' kownosmyu. Ono Moxer GbITh AAYXMepHbiM wnH TpEX- ‘Mepis, nnockut, noRepXHOCTHBIM, FAYEOKMN, OTKDEITHIM,saxporTbiag, nosiermenaim, HeraTHBHDIM, nlomeaHbiM, Hoon eR -nownin ni waniosopiin Mporwaonocrasnenue PaaMeujone KonTpacrHpyIOUINX BMBYANBNBIX 2neMeHTOR, KO- ‘opie euipaxaior npormsopewauine wAeM unl TOMKH spent NenocpeactoeHHo Apyr PaAOM C ABYFOM BHYTDM KOMNOSMUMH. Newxonornueckoe npoctpaictso ewxonorwecxoe npocrpancree sasnercn eMayanbiok KOM nosHunel, oxasbieatouel anumnue Ha RocnpnaTHe H 3rARA apurens. Mynicron ASconiorian cucrena uamepen morpacbuKe, ocwowan- Han na nocronwnbix sHavennx nalii (0,466 alofima) w nyn- vera (0,01383 puoi). 12 nywros pawnes I nalixe, a 6 30x pawn 72 nywiran, wai A arin. Pagnanbuvili GanaHc Papwansubii Gananc ocnosat wa chopme Kpyra W BOSHHKS- le, Korma swayanbubie snemenras KOMMOSMUMK PACKOARTER ‘no Kpyry ov WeWrpa, a wx anayanbii Bec pacnpemennnercn assomepno. Pasmep 6 nyHKrax Buicora 6yxabi uni rpaqpenes wpicpra or aepxneli ro4KH Bepxnero suinocHoro snemenra yo HOKE TOXKH HANEHErO stinocworo snemowra, Take HaneisaeTea KerneM. Paspoie Fpononxene cnnownoro rexcra us wixiel wacrH KONOHK .epxoVo uacTe cnenyioull Kanon Ha TOH we MAM Ha Ene ayoueii nonoce, PaGowan o6niactb nonocet Acruaoe npocrpaners0, s KoTOPpOM PACTONSrSIOTER TAKE svayannisie anemenrol KaK wpmipr, wnmocrpaysn wm Apyroi Pacnonoxkenne Mecro, rae nepruxanbHo nosmunonnpyeren o6 ExT » AByx: ‘Mepnoit komnosmuyon, HanpuMep, HiKHaR 4acTS KOMNODHAMH _accounnpyeros c nepeaaim nnaHoM, uni oSmacTHO, 6mIOKE cero pacnonoxcennoltk spwtemto. Bepx koxnoanusin — 310 anni nat, nw o6nacr, yaanenuas ov spurenn. Hen Boilie 1 xomnosnunonnoltcxeme naxoqurcn anemenT, Tem Sonee ymaneriein on xarcercn. Pum Tepmnn nenonsyerca ana onucanun ewxcehwa AN6O snemenTos KoMMIOSHAMONNOH cxeMsi, 2460 caMolt KounOsM- ‘un oF nomics K nonoce. Pura Moxer Goins pazepenit ‘manning nu nospacrasounin. Pasmepentiid piri boswaxzer, ecm uirepaansl Meay anemenramn xoMnosmu wan nonOCaMH BCerA OAHHAKO- su Mnanwoii pura coonaerea nocpeacrsou ecrecraenubix siayanbnenx nepexonion mencay seMeNTaM KOMTODMUIA wan nonocams, Bospacratoujul purse Momo sanars nocne- ‘AoBaTensHiM npencrasneHHoM aneMeHToD KOMMOSMIUAK HMA epexoaan Mexay nonocamn, Pan Fopmsonransnas konowKa. Pag Penapa aA NPeAMOUTHTeAOHEIX MAcEn, abiBEReHH WHENE ‘pou Lapnem Penapom (®paHuws, 1847-1905), 8 xoropoM ‘Awanaa0n wncen oF 1 Ro 10 genres Ha 5, 10,20 ann 40 ‘bparmenros, Yncnosoik ondbd>uynent aT¥x KOMETPYKTHMANAIX ‘cen npH6amxen k nocToRHHOMy 3HaNeHMO, 2 MMeHNO opham 5,10, 20 u 40 creneneii us 10, wan npwBnnsurensno 4,58, 4,26, 1,12 01,06 coorsererseHtio, uro aunneren reome- ‘pwveckoit nocnenosatensHoctoo. Pat PeANOUTUTENbHbIX Uncen aqui npesnowrwrensinix uncen naaniorce cncremoi mpi ‘nopuni, ochosannoi wa pasgenenine bopuara KoMNO3MUM- ‘onto creme Ha ANHaMMNHDIE H rapMOHUYeckne NponOpINK, scTereckn Gonee npusTHbi, vom ecnn Got opear Goin ‘nomenen ua paaHsie acta. Cantumerp CCranaaprusuponanvan eawunua nameponnn Annis # MerpH- Necxoi eucreme. Ogin Aloka panen 2,54 cx, Cerka Cerca aannercs asyxmepnotl crpyxrypot, cocronulk 3 ropH- sonrannnnx seprnxansisix oceli, Koropsie ucnomtsyioTes PASQEN 2 AHATOMUA CETKN. 6768 TepmuHonorma — npogomKexnne Coa, ‘ pasueujona w opranuaa\in BuSyaneHbix sneMestTOR Komnosnunounodt cxem seperin. Cerka Mapsepa Cerxa Mapsepa — 210 oprannsaunonnan n koMnosnuWontan cerca, paspasorannas rpadueckim awsaiinepom PoMexon ‘Map6epow (Fionsusa, pon. 1925)» 1961 rony ana wsnavenscrma Penguin Books « ocHouaniian na npwuune sonororo cevenu. Cimmetpianas ByxkonoHounas cerka Cummerpusnoli neyxKononiounod ceri uaaeiaaio TaKyio ‘cerwy, xoropolt npanas m nesan nonocu! 2epKamsio OTpana- ‘OT APY" Apyra, Wo6e on paa6rn a ae pastste nO WiMpHNe Cummerpnsian MHoroKonoHOUHas ceTKa ‘Cummerpusian wHoroxonoNowan cerka npeacrasnser coSoli corny, Korop i spauan w nesan nonacs! Komnosnynonnol ‘cxemst sepernn sepxameno orpaMator ApYE ABYT2, 2H Ka go} nonoce pacnonoxceHo ecKoneKe KOROHOK. Cvmerpusiias onHoKonoHo4Has ceTKa Bonmmerpwunioi cere npasan n nesaR nonoce! xoMnosH- "UwoHnolt cxeunt nepcTHH 2epKansHo oTpanaior APYF ApyT3, ‘np arom Ha kaxnol nonoce pacnonaraerca tomsKo ORM Cummerpuunas cera B cummerpusnioli cence npanan w nes ‘nmol creme Bepcrkh sepxamsHo orpaxaior ApyF ApYra, 2 KO- ‘nonock kounosnue ewnossie nons nMeIor TaKy!0 K€ WINPHNY, WTO M GoKoBMIE none, 4ro noasonser cosqats cuMMerpHAMaIi W eSanaHeupo- anni passopor. Cummerpua ‘Cunaerpis wosnnvaer, Koraa aeHT#nbie oHDyanei eHTot panomepno pasmeuiensi ormocirensio ocu KoMNe3y- "yn, cosnaean Tem camoim achebexr sepxanssoro orpaxenus. Cucrema orHocuTenbibix uaMepeHHit ‘cucrema orwocirensnbix waMepeni rHnorpaguKe ocHoea- a Wa paunovanbinc nenwnaiae a ne Kephinrs, RpOGHOH \epro! WTHpe, oTOpHIE NANPA 32nMERT ox Ker Meno: 2yeMoro pHa pM 3TOM nenvana KEEN MaMepReTER & CoTHociTemuHsx eRMHMDE. Eon MONETCA KEFRb LipHEbrD, ‘avoce metineren u ortiocurensnbii paamep ero 6yxe mraH- ‘00, nockonsky oH uauepaiorcn 6anoR0i enusnyeli Im. Ckso3Holt HWKHHM Hin BepxHnl KONOMTUTyA 3ro svayansuasityeaaaTenb aBepxy WM avvay nONOCh, '= xoropom pacnonoxcena wiebopMauins © Toi WacrH KH, a Koropoi a nanHuili momen HaxomMTen unrarens (naaeanine sme wnat ny6aunaupn, rmaesi, paanena, wi aRTOpA H KO onyneppa). Chenas Kononuncbpa CCnonaa xononynchpa yanrsinaercn 8 KyMepausn erpanit, CoctasHas cerka Cocranwas cerka o6pazoeana nyrém mirerpauni HecKonbix muoroxonowounbix carOx ® eRunyro cwereMy. Cnyck nonoc ‘Oprannaaiyan « pasMeujenne nonoc Bepenin raKKM O6p230%m, \sro6ns nocne newara wx MoxHo 6vin0 cbansienst>, nopexars Wenonorrs 8 rerpaay. Cpensnk (mexkonOHOUHBIt NPOMEKYTOK) (Cpeynmx npencrasnner coSoH seprnxantunilinpomeyrox Meokay KonowKamn rexcra. CraHmaprwauposantote pasmeps! Symarl [SO CCranaaptwanposannie pasmepes Gywarn, Wn MeTpHYeCKHe ppanmeps! ISO, nnaiorce MauGonee pacnpocrpaHeneiMn yswoepcanueian » Tex crpaMax, fe Henonbayercn Me- "pwsocxan encreta mep, B ocHose craHgapros nponop\no- ansnstx paamepon nec npamoyronssink ¢ coorHoweHNeM aeanae, Cy6vexrmatiii wacurTa6 CySverranni wacura6 canaan € mNAWeNAyanNbiM RoeTPH srimen peansnoro oSvoxra. 310r ana MacusTa6s orHocATcA ‘Tomono K mmsomy onbiry H, cnesosaremano, nenserca cySvexrunmene, Texctypa “Texctypolt waseaior xapakrepncrui M sHewHil au soay- anwwoik nn raxrnnsHoi nosepxnocra.Teccensyus Farrepn nnocnix cbopm, Koropsie WAeaNEMO NORXEART APYT K Apyry H me oSpasyior HanomenMit waM 3a30p00 no AHHH coenunens. Tetpane ‘sa wnw Gonee nucra kHMtH, banbuosaHHx wan coeRMMEN- Wate m Kopeusnonon cruse. TutynbHbie snementot Aononnurensusii marepxan, oSsi4no pacronoxenneil 1 nepaoli rerpanw KWH u He RBAROUIMiieR WacToIO OCHOSKOr ‘Texera, Twrynbieinn sneMeNTaMH REARIOTER THTyR, WMyTH- ‘ya, expannua | xopMoinon RAHN W ornaeneHe. ‘TpaHcnaunonnas caMMeTpHS Tpavcanynonnan cummetpus o6pasyercn nyteM pasmeuiente gentwsibix aneMenTo8 8 paannsnuix o6nacTAx KOMNOSHM Taxol Tan cumaterpan worcer chopMuposaToca 1 mio6oM hanpasmennn w Ha /Ho60M paccTomHinn, ecnd OCHO aa opwetrratien 2e anemenros He mennerca. Hlosropaiouwecn narropst ua apsrTexrypnerx nosepxHoctax spone ppu208 sexupriunsix dbacanoe aenniorcn npuMepaisn TpaHCARMOH- oi cummerpi. urypa ‘Cw. Bocnpuerie crypar a Goa cbysmueckoe npoctpaHcTeo ‘@uanueckoe npocrpancreo — avo peansnssi rpexmepnnii np. naWNecxnM KoMneSHuMONNDIM NBOETpAHCTEOM MOKHO vansare, wanpnmep, cucremy ycnosHix o6osHauennit » a3- Ponopry, sbicrasky npowanenenii wexyecrea K apredaxros ' mysee wan Sonvuiyio swrpuny warasnna, bon lonoca, nosepxnocTs wnu cbowonan oGnacte KoMnosMinn, ‘snyrpm xoropoii pacnanaraioren euayansuste sneer (bt "ypoll. Cx. ratoxe Bocnpunrie dparypt w ona, ‘bopma ‘Sopmoii nassimavoren pasnitinbie ayAbi oveprauinl Han cTPYK- ‘yp BMayansnx oBvaxron KoMMoaMiHM. opmar ‘Sopmar — 210 paGowan o6nacre, a xoropoi pacnonaraer- es womnoamypontan cxema. opuar xxurs— 370 nonoca, a chopmarom ne6-calira nanterca oxo Gpaysep2, ‘Dopmarbs 6ymarn rpyrirst A B ochowe merpuweciux pasmepon GyarK ISO next ps MoyronsHnK, cootHowenine asicorat H uunpHbt KoroporO [pauo KnappaTHoMy KopHto HS 2. CropoMDi aNcr2 AO past 1241x1189 mas (33,1x46,8 alin), a ero nnowags cocrannaer ‘opun xaanparnai merp. Mnowane nucra Kamgoro nocnepyo- wero pasmopa (AL, A2, A3, A4 wr. a.) yMenDuuzeres 8 4a para no orHowenmo x npenvinyujemy (Sonbuseny) nucry. opmates 6ywarn rpynnst 8 8 ochowe merpmuecii pasnepoe 6ymar ISO ner npe oyronsinks coorNoueine BicoT uupunss xoroporo auio KeaqpaTsomy Kopio wa 2. Cropowsi aucr2 BO pasha 10001414 ma (39,655,7 avoia), 2 ero nnouaas cocras- ‘ame onMH xeaqparunil werp. Mowane Kagoro nocneayio- wero paasepa (B1, B2, B3, B4 W7. a.) YMeMbuaeTea B Asa pasa Ro orkowenmio x npenbinyuiemy (Sonvuiemy) nncry. bopmatei Gymarn rpynmoi C Merpecs pasmep 6ymarn 50, 06s ncnonsayenil Aas xovaeproe. O6nacts bopuara ConpeRenchvoro WoMeps patna cpenneony reoworpnveccomy atavenmo o6nacrei pop avon Aw B ereM xe HoMepou. Hanpniep,pasmep nHcra CA Daten cpennemy reomerpracromy aMcros Ad BA, Pasepat sncraCO cocrannnor 947.1297 ua (36.1554 noi). oromontax ‘SoromonTan — 2T0 npouecc m pesynerar cosAaMNa eqMHoro ‘bororpacbwvecxoro wso6paxenwa nyrOM Bbipe2aHie, Ha- xnensanus, nepecrpansanius w wanoxKenns AByx nM Sonce ‘ororpacbuii c uensio nonywTs HoBoe HsoSpaKcHNe. User ser — ato ansyansnoe cxolicruo o6senra. Xapakrepucrana ‘ynera sanncur oF coweranua orpamennoro M nornowonnoro cevera screxpe, a Ya1oKe or eerecruenibix orreNKou cnera PASAEN 2 AHATOMMS| CETKM 6970 Tepmunonorma — npogomkenve 4-9 Uextp komnosnunn ‘O6nacTs KoMnosMuonvoli coms! MaKeTa, xoropaK Gonsiue cero npurarneaer anunanne sserarens, Uepenosanne (Cu. Rlocnenonarensnocrs, Yeptex Bunnapa CCucrema nponopuii, ocwowanvas Ha Weprenxe apxnroKropa, ‘Bunnapa ne Onwenypa (@panyns, 1200-1250), » xoropok "npeMan nana nenwres Ha normunsie u rapmonmueckne dpar- Menrn u3 3, 4, 5 Gostee nonei, etnas crpanuya (verso) Tonoca, pacnonoxenvas enesa » passopore xnNtH. pone: ‘on or naruncxoro sbipaMenns verso fllo, 70 o3navaer mcr nav cxpannua, pacnonoxesan cnesa». Uncna du6onas4n ‘Cu. locnegosatensiocrs nSoHaun, Unpina KonoHKi ‘Cu. anna rexcronoii expoxs. Uinpua nonoce! Ha6opa Wnpmaa nenoce Haopa paena Anuite crpoH TeKcra, sipa- >xennoi & olimax, cantnmerpan, nyiterax wn MalKX. TANK assinaeTca umpwnoil Koon ans anMHOH cTpOKH. 2 ‘Mowormnvas emunuya uawepennii» ranorpacne, pashan camoi wupoxoii 6yxoe wpudpra n sarnannoli M. jpanuoro xerns — o6s14No 3H Equnnua namepenni» ranorpadwne, paanaa nononnie unpuin 3a wn pyro} wnayian.Mposeppte ce6a Hasosute ochosHbie oTnMunTenbHbIE Meptor nonei n cpemHikos & ceTKe, Hasosue ocHosibie ocoGeHHocTA KOMOHKM, Monyna M MoAynbHEIX rpynn, B4em pasknya MeKay BHEUHiAM kp2eM M Kopewikosbim nonem B ceTKe? Hasosure Tpv ocHosHble TAnorpadbH- Meckwe xapakTepHcTukn, KOTOpBIe cnegyer yuurbipare npn pacueTe UIMpHHbI KONOHKH, Hazosure onramansiioe Konnse- Teo 3HakoB Ana crpoKh TeKcTa, oBecnesneaioujee ontamansiyio yno6ounraemocrs. 10. Kakne aHaTommueckne anemeHTol MoaynbHoi cerkn ucnonbsytorca Aaa cosnanna otnenbieix Monynei? Kak nasbisaercs HexoTopoe Kone crBo Monyneli, o6pasyrouax oraenb- yo o6nacTs 6 KoMnosHUMA? Kak Hasbisaercs ropwsoHTansHsii ane- MeHT sbipasHingaHns B CeTke, KoTOpbi ucnonbayerca Ans paamewjenna BH- syanbioro w TeKcToBOro conepxaHina B onpemenenbix Yactax KOMNOSMYH- OHNO cxentbi? Aina pasmewienin KaKoii uncopaaunu cayar Mapkepbi? Mepeuncaure tpn cnyyan ucnonb308a- Hus M pasMeujeHua cpeqHnKos 6 ceTKe. (Omaemes wo ¢ 222Pasgen 3 CeTKY a NPOTsKeHUN BeKOB, KOrAa Tpe6o- Ba/lOCb YTO-TO NOCTponTb, pa3sqenutb Hekyt0 O6acTb MK ONTMMU3upoBaTb MNOCKY!O MOBEPXHOCTb, YeNOBeK UC- ____________ nonb308an nogo6ue cetkn. XyAoKHUKU 3M0xU BO3pOKAeHUA UCNONb3OBaNN CETKU B Ka4eCTBE Npwkuna OpraHv3aunn vu nocTpoeHusA KOMNO3MuNn, C MOMOLYbIO KOTOPOrO MOXKHO 6bIsIO MaCTa6upoBaTb Ha6pOCku U roToBbie pa6oTbI ANA MepeHeceHusa Ha CTeHy vw nocnegyrowero co3qaHua cbpecku. Kaptorpadpbi npu- 6eranu K CeTKaM 4a pacueta Koopgunar. ApxutekTopbl Nonb30Banucb CeTKaMM ANA MacluTa6upoBaHua YepTexKeit w noctpoeHua nepcnektuebi. Tunorpadpb! npumeHsnn 7374 ceTki 6 AMaaiiHe wpmcbTos W npw sepcrke KHUT. Ao cosnanna HaGopHoro wpncbTa K KHMrone- atanna na opraHi3aunn pykonMcHoro TeKcra Ha nonocax ucnonbsosann npocTeliuie ceTkH, ocHosakibie Ha nponopuyMoHansHom cooTHoWe- han, Ha npoT@keHnn cnegylouwx naTH crone- THii NpMHUMAb! NocTpOeHKA CeTOK passMaannce, onHako npvembi oprakusaumm nono no 6onbwel acta ocTasaniice HeMBMeHHBIMA. Cetki MoryT HcnonbsosaTece Ans peweHia mpoKoro Kpyra AMSaliHEPCKHx 3anau, a TaIOKE Bnmvorca acbcbeKTHBHbIM MHCTPyMeHTOM opra- Hu3ayJMn KoHtTeHTa M NocTpoeHHA KOMNOsH\yAH B raaeTax, xypHanax, KHiTaX, roMOBbIX OTHETAX, Gpoutopax, kaTanorax, cMcTeMax ycnoBHbIK oGoaHavennii, cbvpmennbix cransx, 6penqunre W 8e6-caitrax. Senance FMGKAM KOMNOSMHOHHDIM HHCTpY- MeHTOM, CeTKa MOMONET Co3maTb KaK CraTHUHyIO CMMMeTPHUHY!O BEPCTKY, TAK M QUHaMHuHyIO acuMMeTpHaHyio, CeTka MOxeT BpiTs ocHoBaHa Ha npaMoyroneHoli, yrnosolt, ac»mMerpuUHOti Winn KpyroBoii KOHCTpYKYMH, OHa MoKeT 6biTS HeByauMbin cbyHKUMOHANBHbIM CoeM B BepCTKe wn >ke, Hao6opoT, ONeBMAHDIM ANHAMMMH DIM su3yanbHbIM 37eMeHTOM. Tpacbw4ecknit quaalivep aomxen eceraa npo- AYMbIBaTb CTPYKTYpY CeTKH MCKOAS H3 NOAPOBHO- ro avanu3a Bu3yanbHoro w TeKcToBoro KoHTeHTa, € KoTopbiM OH CoBupaeTcs pa6oraTb. Ito no2B0- AMT AOGUTECH HEKOTOPOH CBOGOAEI B KOMNOHOBKE W pacnonokeHnn HECBAsaHHbix snemeHTos 8 BME TekcTa m MnmocTpauMii sHyTpA KoMTOsMUROHHOH ‘CXeMbI BEPCTKH HE3ABHCHMO OT Toro, 6yner AM ona AByxmepHol, TpexMepHoii Mu BuptyanbHOl. Cerka Moker 6biTs aHAUMOM HnM HeBMaN- Moli — npeanonaraemoi crpykypoli Han oNeBna- HbiM siemeHToM ausaiina. Ona TawxKe sbicrynaer B KaYecTBe OAHOFO M3 BaPKHETWMX PAHO Ansaiivia, c NoMoUysIo KoToporo Cho>KHaA H pasHo nanovas wncbopmauns opranusyercs 8 eqnHott ccreme. Ny6nuKaynn, se6-calirbl, cHucreMbt ycnosieix oosHaveHMit, peknamnoie KaMnaHMM KOpnopaTHBHbie KOMMYHAKaUMM BKNIONaIOT 8 ce6a MHOXECTEO CrpaHnuy, KaKqaN 43 KOTOPEIX TpeGyer cnerka HHO} KomnosHyRONHOH CxeMb! BepCTKM M3-3a pasHoro xapakTepa KoHTeHTa. Ec cerka xopowio nponymania u abicrpoe- Ha, € ee NOMOWEIO MOKHO S¢bebeKTHBHO Co3- Aanatb pasniunble KOMMOSMUMOHHEIe CxeME!, npé 3ToM coxpatiaa BH3yasbHoe enMKooSpaane w YenocrHocTe Passive naen ceToK nponcxonuino nocre- Nenitio. HesoaMoxHo Bbigenute onHOro xygOXHM- ka unu rpacbneckoro qyaaiinepa Kak eqmnonmt Horo cosnatena nn wso6perarens ceTkm, TaK KaK MHOKECT8O TEOpHECKHX YMOB BHECAH CBO} KAA 8 €@ passiTHe H npogomKator oKasbIBaTH BMAKHE Ha ee qanbkeliuee yny4wenne. Coppementian cerka Mo caoei cytu sce ens cerox npencrasnsior co6oli aayxmepryto crpykrypy, Cocronulyio M3 ro- PUSOHTaNbHEIX H BepTHKaNbHbIX Oceli, KOTOPEIE Tepecekatorca M cnykaT MAKMAMM NPHBABKH ANA opranaaynn avayanbibix snemeHTos BHyTDH KOMNO3MMOHHON CxeMbI BepCTKM. CeTKa ABia- eTca OcHOBONONaraIoWMM NpMRYUNOM rpacbH- weckoro ausaiina. Kak u 8 cnyu2e co mHorMMA Apyrumn 3nemeHTamn n npanuunamn rpacaue- ckoro Au3aiiHa, yHKYMM CeTK 6e3rpaHM4Hbl. Cerka cosqaer nopsgok m enayansHoe equicrao, a TakoKe chopmupyer purM H nocnegoBarenbHocTb KommoaMuoHHoit cxeMb! BepCTKM. Cetka nonocel B THnorpacpuke npemctas- naeT COGOH ABYXMepHYIO OpraHM3aynOHHy!O cTpykrypy, Hcnonsayemyio gna ynopazouneanian KoueHTa, Ona cnyskut kapkacom Ans TeKcTOROFOW eyayanbHoro conepKatina, KoTOpoe opraHin- ByeTCA payMOHANbHO, ICTeTHYHO M yAOHO ANS socnpusrus. B Hauane 1950-x rojos rpynna uiseriuapeKix. rpacbnuecknx ausaiiHepos-HosaTopos, cpeaK Hux Gein MaKe Bunn (1908-1994), Smanb Pyaep (1914-1970) w Hosecb Mionnep-BpoKmatih (1914— 1996), sqoxKoBneluMce MOAePHMCTCKMMA HAesMit Alva UnxonbAa, KoTOpbie TOT sbipasin 8 coe Tpyae «Hosas Tanorpacbnka» (1928), Havann co- MHesareca 8 Yenecoo6pasHocTh Hcnonbs08aHHA cTaaapTHoi cerkn nonocel B pesynstare onm paspaGorann coape- Menuyto Tanorpadickyio ceTky, KoTOpaR cra ‘fa aCcouMMposaTocs ¢ MHTepHayMOHANbHEIM seriuapcKnm Cruse, TakOKE H3BECTHBIM Kak UseiiuapcKan wkona, Bnaronapa ee r6KocTH. rpacbuueckne quzaiHepet cMornn cozaaeaTe paannunbie KOMNOSMYHOHHbIE CKEMBI NONOCEI ‘ynnamentranbHbiii tpyx Mosecba Mionnepa- BpoKmativa «Mopynbsie ceTkn @ rparbaueckom Auaaiien (1981) nomor pacnpocrpannre naero ichonssoBaHns coapemeHHoli cerkH cHauana 8 Espone, a sare mio ecemy mupy. bynxyu Fpacbmuecknii asain cooswiaer waew 4 cMbiCn! Yepes oprannsaynto n ynopsmounsanne oTqenb- HbIX 3eMeHTOS AMaaiiHa B OQHOM KoMNOaMUn- OHO cxeMe. SIcHocT W HesaMeqnHTenbHocTe nepenasn moGoi unen noagepKusaetca au3y- aNbHbIM EAMHCTBOM, COqaBaeMbIM NOcpeACTsOM CeTK, KOTOpaR ABNRETCH NONESHbIM MHCTPY- MenTom Ana rpacbueckoro qusaiiHepa 8 moGoi oGnactu. Cerka sanaer crpyktypy KomnoanyHoH- Hoi cxemal sepcTkH Hepes CHCTeMy ropHsoHTanb- HbIx #1 BepTHKanbHBIx nepeceKatouyixcs nMHMi, KoTopbie fenaT Nonocy Ha OGnacTH H MHTepEa- ‘Ibi, OOpa3ys TeM CaMBIM OCHOBY fA yCTAHOBKM NponopynoHanbHbix cooTHOUIeHKit Mexay ane- MeHTamn Kono3HUMi, Cetka — Hesamennmoe nonaTHe 8 cnopape Fpacbmeckoro ausalitiepa, a TakoKe mHcrpyMeHT kpalitieli saxvocrn, KoTopbilt mcnonbayerca Ans cosjanns nevarholi w yncbposol nponykynn rpa- cbmueckoro qnsaiina, craHosauelics ece Gonee CHODKHOMi, Cetky MOXHO MPHMeHATD Ana opraHi- 3auHn, KOMMOHOBKH, pasgevieHna, YaennueHis, YMeHBUeHAR H NOSHUMOHMPOBAHKA BHayaNBHEIX anemenTos. KOHCTPYKUMA CeTKH MOXKET Beit cBO6onHO! n opraHH4HOl Anu Ke KECTKO! Wi Mexannueckoil. Ecni ee npasinbHo nyMecTHO: VCnomb30BaT», CeTKa MPMBHECET 8 KOMNOSMILMOH- Hylo Cxemy sepcrkm npocrory, scHOCTS, acbepeK- TWBHOCTS, TEKOCTS, 3KOHOMMIO, NocnegoBaTenb- HOCTo, UenocTHOCTe M eqMHcTBO. Cerka, Kak 4 mho6ol4 apyroli 3nemenT, uc nonbsyembili 8 rpacbn¥eckom ausaiile, He aB- ngetca a6comorbiM npnkuunom. Ee cneayer TPMMeHSTD ¢ yMeTOM MaHHEIx ycnoBHi, Np Heo6- XOAMMOCTH MOA >HUMpOBATD MMH Ke BOBCE OT- kasbieateca OT Hee 6 nonesy Oonee MHTyHTHBHOFO pewenia. Cerka Moxer 6biTb npocTolt cTpykTY- poli ¢ o¥esHbin MHTerpMpOBAHHEIM COOTHOLLIE- HvleM suayanbHoro TeKcTOBoro ConepKaHKs, a MoxeT COCTORTS M M3 Gonee CnoxHBIX cbopm ¥ nponopymi, nossonaIoUNx Ao6uTECR Gonbivero pasHoo6pasna # TOUHOCTH. Mionnep-bpoxmanis yraepsxqaer, 4To «ceTka MrpaeT pone NOMOLHHKA, a He rapaHTHH. Ee MorkHo Mcrombsosarb no-pashomy, u Ka>KAbIit Ansaliep MoxkeT BbiGpate TOT sapHaHT, KoTOpbIlt Gonbwe acero noaxognr ero HHAMBHAYANDHOMY Tam. Tem He MeHee amzalinepy CToMT Hay4inTb- ca nonbsosaTecA ceTKOH, NOCKOMbKY 3TO MacTep- 780, Tpe6ytoujee npakrnkin. B nporusosec 3T0/ TowKe spenns Jie Kop6ioabe, nHoHep MonepHUCTCKOI PASAEN 3 CETKM 7576 Cospemenisiii ncTOUHNK BgoxHOBeHHS Maccumo Burbennn wero cerkn B 1960 rony, nocne oxomvannn apxnreK: “TypHu orneneunil = Munaweu Benewu, rpadwvecinit awaaiinep Macca (1931-2014) nepeexan » CUIA, rae ocxonan kounannio Unimark International, sanas 2 wei ocr aupexropa no quaaiiny. Bexope 27a Kom ann crana onMoi ma KpynWeiiuinx MApODDIX Koncavranroneix bapa no amzaiiny. B1960-x ronax Unimark no pyxonogcTaoM Bunnen- ‘am paspa6orana yanasaousie dpupmennnie ‘crwnm m nncbopmaywonnie cucreme! o6utero Ronbaomsnien an TaKnx KOMNaNNi KOK ‘American Aielines, Ford Motor Company Knoll International, a raoxe shamennryioKapry Hu1e-Hopxexoro metpononwrena. Xora » pa6orax an Unimark Bunnennu nHo- aa oreanuinanea or menonssonaHna wipncpra Helvetica » nonssy Bodoni, Century, Garamond Times Roman, oM wacramsan Wa payno- RAHA CeTOK M eTpEMMCR cosmanmie wncToro, MerKoro m o6seKTHBMOrO pagpwvecnoro ausaiina, nama ns npumepos sr0% unocod>un ‘enyacer pwsaiio rasevst The Herald, comma at 8 1970-x roqax. Bro npems awaalin ener wra6nownos naxonwnca 8 ynajKe. B1971 rony Vignelli Associates nopyunnn paspa6orars vaaiin nan nonoli exconenensnol ubio-iopK- ‘xpi raserai The Herald. Nonoca razersscocro- sana ws cern 8 6 KOMOWOK, B KAM ROH M3 KOTO- tx pacnonaranoce 16 monyned, menomaouancn acero onMH pudgy — Times Roman. Bees ocwoawoil rexer 6sin Ka6pan ‘OnHnN Kernen, AIR 32ronOBKOB M HoALArONON- oe wenonbsosanuce asa Kerns, a KypeMBoM uinenannce Anus noRMMCH m NpeaK. KareAaA rnonoca cocroana ms wenoro nucta, paapen ‘Moro werxamu ropwaonramsi ‘wre noasonano wnrarenio nerKo opnenrn- ponaraca a crareax. Menombaosanwe erKol cornu w equnore Ha6opa ausaiinepenyx ceneunebnxauni nosnonnne yexoprs npowece ‘npousnoncrea razersi we@ o6opor. K comanenmio, anera zampuinace yace wepea rom ma-za xowebnnnra c npospcotox0m npos- ‘em ¢ pacnpocrpanenmen. Tes we menee IRpaenenwe cerkn joKasano caoto yeneco- ‘o6pannocrs ana nocrpoeHa KoMnosHuM wonrumusaunn npowssogctsa, us nocaeayio- layne rons! AMaaiinepet m uspaTenn npononN Penmaaibt caoux razer x36noMnoE pH Romouy sToro aebebextuanoro MNCTpyMeNTa.apxuTeKtypb! M MHTepHaLMOHaNbHOFO CTANR, 8 CBOKx KoMMeHTapHaK K paspadoTaHHol MM ceTke non Ha3eaHWem «Moaynop» oTMeNaN, TO ce elle ocrasnset 3a coGoH npaso 6 moSoh MOMeHT nogseprhyth ComHeHIIO peweHHe, npen- AOVKEHHOE MOAYNOPOM, M NONODKUTECA Ha CBOM ouyuienna, a He Ha pasy. VicnonwsosaHe cerki 8 OcHoBe sepcTKH no- SBonseT yny4WnTe YROGONNTAeMOCTe M ROGUTECA Gananca conepxatis. B cny4ae ¢ MHorocTpaHit- bmn MakeTaMn KHIr, KypHanos H 8e6-caiiTos, cetka Takxke OGecneuHeaeT Hx nocnenosaTenb- HocTE M eqMHcTBO. Xopoulo npoaymannas cerka MoxeT CTaTb ‘Ans awaalivepa nogcnoprem 8 paspa6orke Gecko- HeuHOro KOMMUECTBa KOMNO3MUMOHHBIX peWwe- Hii, B O6s3aHHOCTH ausaiiHepa Takxke BxOAMT NONCK HOBEIX NOAXOAOS K HCrONbsOBAHMtO CeTOK 8 paGore Han KOHKpeTHbIMM 3aqa4aMn. Kaxnan Avaalinepckan sagava yHnKanbHa, NOSTOMY Ans e€ peuienina Tpe6yercs cerka, oTsevaioujan ee oco6enHoctam NpodbeccvonanpHeii rpacbmuecknit an 3aliHep 0683aH sHate sce GopMbl, CTPYKTYPB WTOHKOCTH CeTOK ANA Toro, HTOBSI NOHMMATe Wx UeHHOCTE W yMeTS OpMeHTHposaTecs 80 BCEM MHoroo6pasnn wx aHaToMUNecKmMx SneMeHToB (pasnen 2), a axe pasnnuare 8 Hnx o6u\HE MW ukAMBMAyanbHbIe epTel. Kaxaan ceTka, 6yAb To o6bi4Haa MaHycKpuntHan (c. 78) un Gonee cnorkuan mepapxnueckas (c. 106), o6naqaet onpegeneHHbim yHHKaNbHbIM O6NMKOM, a TaKIKe xapakTepacTukamn ht Nepramn, KoTopbie BMecTe oGpasyior KOMNOSHUMOHHYIO CxeMY SepCTKH, ‘onpegensemyto Tem, Kak aMsaiHep ucnonbayer W KOMNOHyeT snayanbHbils w TeXcToBAIi KOHTEHT. Kaxkqas ceTka CocTour M3 pada aeMmeHTOR BbipasHnsaHns, KoTopsle ABASIOTCR Hanpasmsto- UMM Ans cTpykTypmposaHua 4 npeacrasnenua susyanbHbix 3/ieMeHTOB BHYTPA KOMNOIMUMOH- HOW CKeMbI BepCTKH. 3TH aneMeHTbi aHaTOMMAN NpwcyTCTByIOT BO BCeX CeTKAK BHE 328HCHMOCTH OT MX CHOMHOCTH M MOryT KOMEMHMPOBATECR 8 32 sucumoct or TpeGosaHwii H ueneli enayansHoro W TeKcTosoro conepxanua Yesoms 37 OCHOBHbIE NOCTynaTb, BbI CTaHe- Te mHa4e BOCNPHHMMATE BHayANEHBIM pA, a TAK ke cMOXeTe NpMHAMaTb Gonee NpoAyMaHHbIe PewieHWs np Bei6ope M npUMeHeHMH ceTOK. TipaswnbHo cKoHcTpymposaliaa ceTka W3- Gasnser rpacbuueckoro qusaiiHepa oT KeoGxoAN- MOCTH npHHMMaTe chyYalible W npoMssonbHbIE KOMNOsMuMOHHBIe pees 6naromapa YeTKO sbicTpOeHHOMy PRAY NPOCTPAHCTBeHHEIX COOTHO- weHnit n napametpos, Koropbili, 8 cBoI0 ONepenb, oGecneunsaer cnarkeHHoe szamMonelicrane ecex 3neMeHTos KOMNOSKUMH H nosBonseT AO6HTb- A YenocTHOTO mM MHcbopMaTHBHOFO KOHESHOrO npoaykra. PASAEN 3 CeETKH 7778 Manycxpurrnan cerca Manyckpuntaaa, unm Gnownan, ceTka aenaerca CaMbiM npocTeiM BHgoM ceTKM, OHa BOCXO~UT K py- konica Hayana XIV-XV seka 4 cocrour W3 npaMo- yronbHo} nonce! Ha6opa, KoTopas uchonbayerca Ana pasmeuienna Gonbiunx oSveMos cnnoWKoro TekcTa, HanpHMep Kak B pOMaHAX 4 Apyriax AHH Hbix NoBecrsosarenbHbix npoMseemeHiax. B Knac- ‘CHMECKHx MaHYCKpHNTHDIX CeTkax esas M npasaa Nonocbi 3epKanbHo OTPaKaIOT APY apyra, a caMbiM UDOKHM noneM sBnseTca KopeUIKOBCE. BropmuHbiMM SneMeHTaMM MaHyCKpHNTHOI CeTKM MOrYT CRYKUTS BEpXHME HM HUDKHMe KO- AOHTUTYADI, THTYBI C HassaHMAMN Chas Mk pasqe- FOB M KONOHUME)PEI. B HeKOTOpEIX cnyaax MOKET RorpeGosareca OTHenbHaR ONaCTS AN cHOCOK 4 KomMentTapmes. OSpatarece k pasgleny 2, “To6s! ‘o3HakoMMTECs ¢ 3THMN 3neMeHTaMH. Mpn pasore pare ¢ Tako npoctoi cerkoi, kak ManyckpuntHas, Tpe6yerca ygenute oco6oe BHHMaHHe WMpHHe M BbICoTe Nonoce! Ha6opa, ‘4T06s1 oGecneuuTs yaoGounTaemocTs M KOMCbOpT- Hoe esanMopelicrane c Gonbwnm o6veMoM TexcTa. Maccnenbie nosropaioumecs o6nacta, sanonHeH- Hble TeKcToM, MoryT nloKasaTBcR MOHOTOHHbIMM MW CHOXKHBIMH ANA BOCNPHsTHR, NoSTOMy CKpBITHO Wnt o4eBMAHO BH3aNbHO MHTepecHas M pasHo- o6pastan sepcka Kpalie BaKHa Ana yAeprKanua sHuManns unTaTens Opwan 3 HanGonee scbcbexruBHbix cnoco6os AoGasnenus ausyansHoik npwsneKarensHocTa Mt pas- HooGpasna B KOMNOSKUKOHHYIO CxeMy BePCTKH fi aaerca vaMeHeHue nponopynit noneli. Hanpumep, NDA NoMoUIM Gonee WpoKAX NONE MOKHO 3ap;aT> Gone Yerknit UeHTp aHKMaHUS, a TakOKe NPMAaTE KOMNOSMUMOHHON CxeMe BepCTAH OMLYLYeHHE cTaGueHocth. Bonee yakne rons coazaior auay. anhylo HanpwoKEHHOCTE, NockonEKy a/eMeHTE! kommosuyna pacnonaraiores 6nM3K0 k o6pexy newaTHoli unk BupTyaNbHOl nonocet. BapsnpossHne pasmepos noneli x60 coKpaujaer Genoe npocrpan- CTB0, nK6o pacuimpseT ero Ans nocnepyioujero ucnonbsosaHia (npn HeoSxonMMOCTH). Kpome Toro, Kopewikosbie ons acerga QomKHbI bits aocta- TOUHO WHpOKHMN, 4TOGbI 3eMeHTbI KOMNOSKUMH, 8 OcOGeHHOCTH TeKCT, He yxonMnn & KopeWKOBbIit (crWG un cpeaHnKn pasBopora, O6siuHo cpeannikn sansioTcA HeaKTHBHbIMH NpomexyTkaMi 8 ceTKe 4 cny»KaT ania oTAeneHHA Konowok rexcta pyr oT Apyra. Kak m8 cayuae € TopHoHTanbHbiMi H BepTAKaNbHbiMM rionAMM, AOMOpUNH w WAPAHA cpeqHnko TawKe Moryr oKa- 3bIBaTb SHaMMTENbHOe BIMAHMe Ha KOHESHbIT O6ANK KoMNOSHYMOHHO! cxeMBI BepCTKM. KDoMe Toro, np pacueTe oKoH¥aTenbHBIX rlapaMerpos cpenHNKos: B ceTKe cneayer yuuToIBaTs yAOBOUNTAeMOCTD Ht AO- CTyMHOCTS TeKcTOBOTO HM sHayaNbHOrO CoRepHCaHHA. Xora HanGonee TpannuMoHHblli noAxoA K ucnonbsoBaHnio MaHYCKPANTHON ceTKH — 3To NocTpoekHe pasHosHa4ieix no WApUHe KONOHOK W nonel, acummeTpusHoe pewienne, ocHoBaHHOe a Bapoupyrouyuxca pasmepax nonel, nossonaer coapate Gonswe Genoro npocrpaxcrsa Ha nonoce, a TakKe OTBECTH MeCTO Ans TaKOli RononHUTeNE Holi HHcopMayMn, Kak MnniocTpayAn, CHOCKH, BeDKHHe M HUDKHKE KOMOHTHMTYNbI C Ha3BaHMAMM Fas wn pasnenos m KonoHUMdpe. Tlockonbky eaMlcTseHHbIM snemexTom MaHyCKpHTTHOM CeTkM senseTcA WpHcbr, cneayer yaennt» oco6oe skuMaHne napaMetpam nonoce! HaGopa, 4r06bi wnTatenio Obino nerko W KOM- choprio ssanmonelicrsosate ¢ MHorocTpaHMMHoti Bepcrkoli, HeGonbuime H3MeHeHHA B Kerne, MHTep- nuiiomke, paspagke, Bere, ak\eHTaX M abIKMoNKe TakoKe HrparOT BAKHYIO pont B CosgaHnn Buayanb- Holi nepapxnn Ha nonce, passopore n Bo aceM AOKyMeHTe, nosTOMy K Wx BbiGopy CrouT noAolirA orsercrsenio.Maxyckpuntuan cerka —————_—— 2 ————$—__—| PA3MEN 3 asicurueHd cereH 1. Monoca Ha6opa Ennnan o6nacro, ‘a xoropodt parmeuaeres ‘ewer. Cova sepranswo orpamcota Ha npasoit wnenolt nonocax. 2. Mona Umporne kopewnonsie xapanrepuoi weprok anyexpunnoiceren. 3. Bropocrenentipie anemeHTes Bropocrenewmn nopxnne x nromine onowrurymet cwazeannauu rnas mpannenos, aramce rononuneppet. 4. AcuMMerpis Acummerpwro acnonomennsie nonocst a6opa noasonmer ormecra mecro ann AonomurensHoit wubopmayun » ange ‘exera m wamocrpaunii, 79Se yyy = ae “ 1e KOpeUIKORBIE eater peas YLine NOM ceTKU. OHA BOCXOAMT K pyKOIIMcsaM Hayana XIV-XV Bexal cocTout 13 IpsMoyronbHou monocsi Ha6opa, KOTOpas UcTIONb-| byercs ans pasMenjenna GonbuIMx O6beMOB Crimounioro TexcTa| ‘ak, HaltpuMep, B POMaHaX WIM DIVHHBIX MOBECTBOBATeNbHEL mpousBepennax. B knaccuyeckux MaHyCKpUMITHEIX CeTKax neBas| TipaBas MONOCHI 3epKaNbHO OTpaxalOT APyr Apyra, a caMBL MIMPOKVIM TIONeM ABNAeTCA KOPeMIKOBOe. BropvuHbIMM SNeMeHTAMU MaHYCKPUIITHOM CeTKU CIy>KaT Bepx-| Hie WM HYDKHMe KONOHTUTYNbI C Ha3BaHMAMU [NaB WIM paspenos, KonoHuMdppt. B HeKOTOpEIX crlyyasx MOXeT TloTpe6oBaTECS ornenbHas O6nactTb Wis CHOCOK WU KOMMeHTapues. O6paturecs| pasneny 2, YTOGbI OSHAKOMUITECH C STUMU MOHATUSIMU. TIpu paGore axe c Tako’ MpocTon cerKoN, KaK MAHYCKDUNITHAS, mpe6yerca ynenuTb oco60e BHUMaHMe WIMpVHE U1 BEICOTe IONOCEI Ha6opa, UTO6EI OGecrteunTb yHO6OuUTaeMOcTb U KOMOpTHOE B3avMopencTBUe C GONbUIMM OC6beMOM TexKcTa. MaccuBHEIe m10- Bropmoniuecs o6Nactu, 3arlONHeHHbIe TeKCTOM, MOTYT I10Ka3aTbCa IOHOTOHHBIMU VU CROXHBIMM Dt BOCIIPUATUA, MOSTOMY CKPEITHO, Wn OYeBUTHO BU3yaNbHO MHTepecHas u pasHoobpasHast BEDCTKAal pave BaxkHa Wa yhepkaHud BHUMaHUsA UNTaTens. OnHuM v3 Hav6onee sbexTUBHEIX Crioco6oB nObaBneHnsl BU3YAaNbHOM MPUBNeKATENbHOCTU Vi pasHoo6pasusz B KOMIMOSVLIM-| ayeig ul reli i : Peel TEC HELLEL ; i = 7 82Cummerpaunie cerku (ogHOKOROHOUNDIE, ABYXKOMOHOUHBIE M MHOFOKONOHOUNBIE) CummeTpnunias cerka cay kur OcHoBOH Komno- SMYMOHHON CXeMBI BEPCTKH, B KOTOPOH neBaR Wi nipasas nonoce! sepkanbHo oTpaxaior apyr Apyra, a 06a KopewikoBbix rons eMecTe past No winpiniie GoKosomy nomto, 6narogapa vemy ‘Anaaiit passopora craHoBuTca CéanaHcupo- BaHbiM. B aHTMAViCKOM ASbIKe HasBaHNe nesol Nonocei — verso — nossunoce oF naTHHcKoro sbipaxenns verso folio — «ctpaHnua, pacro- noxeHiias cnesar. Mpasas nonoca nonyanna Hassanine recto — oT naTHHckoro sbipaxeHia recto folio, osHauaiowero «crpaHnya, pacno- moxeHiias cnpasan. Takum o6pa3om, Kansan Nonoca Ha6opa, COCTORIUAR M3 OAHON, AByX HAM Gonee KonoHok, BMeCTe ¢ KopelLikOBbIMu H Go- KOBbIMH NlONAMM MMeeT OAKHaKOBBIe NapaMerpEl, To nosBonaeT nocnepoBarenbHo opraHns0BaTb W euayanbHo cOanaHcnposats TeKcToBbiii W Buay- anbibii KoHTeHT. To cpasHenwio ¢ oAHOKONOHOUHbIMH K AByX- KONOHOUHbIMM Bonbuuel ru6KOCTHIO OBanaIOT MHOTOKONOHOUHBIE CeTKHK, NOCKONBKY COCTORT 3 3/lemenToB c BapbMpyiou\MM napaMerpami, To aenaeT ux HanGonee nonxoqsWuMMn ANA BepcTkH xypHanos M Be6-caliToB, OdHoKonoHO¥NOR cemKa Janno Tan cammerpnutoi cevki ocosaH Ha npocrefiueli cerounor cbopme — onHom Gnoxe, unk onHoKONOHOUHOK CuMMeTpHMHOR KOMMOSMIUKM CMoWHOro TeKCTa ¢ AByMA PaBHbI- Mt KopeikosbiMn 1 GoxoBbIMA NonsMA. TaKyio cerky no 6onbwell vacra npHMeHAIoT 8 BepCTKE Gonbiunx oSveMos crnowHoro TeKcTa 8 KHAFaX. Tipk wcnonssosannn onHoKonoHOSHOK CeTkn Ana BepcTku CrilouIHoro TeKcra cnenyeT Chequre 3a Tem, 4TO6bi 8 crpoKe nonocei Ha6opa pasMeujanoce onTAManbHoe KOAMYECTEO 3HaKOB, Ecn sHaKos 6ygeT ChMukoM MHOFO, SHTaTemIO GyaeT CnOrkHO NaBHO NepexoAHTe ¢ OMHOH cTpoxu Ha ppyryio. PeKomeHayemoe Konnuectso 3HaKo8 Ha cTpoKe — 60. C Gonee nonposHok icbopmayneli sbi MoKeTe OsHaKOMMTOCA 8 paa- aene 2. Nponopumn noneli, skniouaa WApHHy 1 opt Cory, TakKe oxasbisaloT cylecTaeHHoe BnAaHMe Ha oSujee socnpuaTHe KOMNOSMUHOHHOH cxemb! BepcTKH, Bonee wMpoKHe rons cosAa‘or OLY. lWeHne Gananca u cra6unbHocTH, 8 TO BpeMa Kak Gonee yakne nons noasnaior caepxanHocTA n BuayanbHol HanpmKeHHOCTH. B naweli kHure Bce BH3yanbHbIe HioaHCbl nponopunii passopora 4 opraknsayna none GvinM npocuMTanel McxoRA M3 NpOCTpaHCTBeH- HbIX cooTHoWeHHi, a He Ha OCHOBe CHCTeMB! namepenni. PA3QEN 3 CeTKN 83Kopewikosoe none ae = \Mi OR METPATROR CEES YAY TOCHOBOMKOMMOMMONO yen lexeMBbI BepcTku, B KOTOPON NeBas vu lmpaBas Tonocst 3ep| KaNIbHO OTpaxkaioT pyr Apyra, a 06a KOpellKOBbIX Mons BMecTe IO LIMpUHe paBHBt GOKOBOMy Toso, 6naroflapsl yemy O6NUK pasBopoTa CTAHOBUTCA COanaHCupOBaHHBIM| B aHrnuvicKom s3bIke HA3BAHUe NeBON MONOCE — verso + KOABWOC OT NATUCKOrO BEIpaKkeHus verso folio — «crpa HULA, pacrionoxKeHHas cneBa». IIpapast ronoca ronyunnal HasBaHve recto — oT NaTUHcKoro recto folio, osHayaloulerq CTpaHUlla, pacrionoxeHHas crpawé ». TAKUM o6pa3z0m, Ka pxnas rlonoca Ha6opa, COCTOSMAaR 13 ODOM, AByX WI Gone ONOHOK, BMECTe C KOPeLIKOBBIMU 1. GOKOBBIMU TIONAM Meer OgMHaKOBEIe apaMeTpBI, YTO MOsBoNAeT Tocne} OBaTeNbHO OpraHvsoBaTs U BUsyaNbHO COanaHcupoBaty [TeKCTOBBIN VU BUSyaNbHBIM KOHTeHT. Tlo cpaBHeHVo C ODHOKONOHOUHBIMM Ui DBYXKONOHOY) HBIMU, MHOFOKONOHOUHBIe CeTKU O6NamaioT Gonburer| FUGKOCTHIO, MOCKONDKY COCTOAT 13 SNeEMeHTOB C Bap. pylouumu rapamerpamu, uTo Wenaet ux HavGonee ron CONALIUMM It BEPCTKV KYPHANOB Vu BeO-caviTos. anu [TMIt CUMMeTPVMHOU CeTKU OCHOBAH Ha rtpocrevuien ce a MMMETPUYHAA CETKA (i BYXKONMUHUYHAHT aube‘ons wmeror opMMaKoByIO umpuany. \ Nonoca Ha6opaave RON CETRATIY RMT ICHOBOM KOMITO3ULIMOHHOM CXEMBL seperxn, B KOTOpOl nezaa v mpa- jpaa monocsi SepkanbHo OTpaKawr japyr apyra, a 06a KOpelllKOBEIX IONS EMecte Ilo mlpunie paps OKOBOMY. Iromo, Gnaronaps Yemy o6nux passo- pora cranosures céanancuponan- hii. B anrniiicKom asbike HasBaHve \eBOK Tlonocet — verso — MosBunocs naTMeICKorO BHpAKeHMA VEISO folio ~ «crpanvaua, pacnonoxesHar nena». TIpanas ronoca nonywnna haapanie recto ~ oT naTWHcKOro ecto folio, osHauatoulero «crpax- ia, pacrlonoxeHHas crpazay. Taxunt )6pas0M, Kaxknas ronoca Ha6opa, OcTORMIAA 43 ONHOM, NBYX Win Gonee ROHOK, BMeCTe C KOPEMIKOBEIMM, }: Goxopsimn nonsmn umeer onmna- ‘oBbIe MlapaMerpsi, WTO NOsBOnseT rocnenosarensio oprannsoBars BYByanbHO COanaHcupoBat TEKCTO: BI M BUSYANbUBIA KOHTEHT. Tlo cpastiermo c onHoxono- (OMNBIMH M RBYXXONOHOYHEIMI, HOTOKONOMOMHBIe Cen OGnaRAIOT ABUIEY THGKOCTHIO, OCKONEKY koctosr 13 sneMeHTOB C BapBMpyi0- umm niapamerpani, 470 nenaer vx HanGonee nopxoRsuMMn Ans BePCTKM muanon u pe6-caiiror Janitent rear CreRCETpHTAOH CETKM OCRUEGA—| bra mpocreruuien cerounor dope — yHOM ONOKE, UMM ORHOKONOHONHOM MMMeTp HAO! KOMTOSMLIMH CroM- toro TeKcra ¢ nByMs paBHBiMn KopeUl OBBIMM Ht GOKOBKIMH TOnaMM. Taxylo erky mio Gonbuied vacrh mpuMexsuoT jp Beperxe GonbumMx OSbeMOB crinomi- proro Texcra B KHMraX, Tipu ucronssosanin ooKono- MOMHON ceren Wis Beperk™ cnnowI- Moro Texcra cnenyer cnenviT 3a 72M, yTOGBI B CTpoKe ronocsl HaGopa pas- eujanoce onTMManbHoe KonMYeCTBO waxor. Ecn 3Haxop B CTpoKe 6yneT (MUIKOM MOTO, UMtraTenio 6yneT OXHO MNABHO TepeXORMTe ¢ ORHOM ’mpoxv a apyryio. Pexomexnyemoe ONMMECTEO 3HaKOB Ha CTpOKe ~ hte Gonee 60. C Gonee rogpo6uom wH- Jpopmanmeii ner moxere osaKOMUTECA fs pasnene 2. Tiponopumu rones, sxniowast fuupuny 1 BEICOTY, TaKOKe oxasbIBaton| yllecTBeHHoe anvanne Ha o6ulee lsocripuaTve KoMMOsMMOHHOR xeMbt Beperin. Bonee IMpoKue krona cosnator omlynenne Ganakca cta6unbHOCTM, B TO BpeMa Kak 60- hee yaxve rons noGasnmor KoMMO- MUA ChepKAHHOCTH W BUSYANEHO MpaxerHOCTy, ya ar CUMMETPHARAR CETKA tH AKOTOHOUHARI aw88 CummeTpHynan ceTKa 1. ¥3kaa/wupoKas konoHKa ‘Muoroxonononnan cerxa nossonser coagare pannsie ‘NO MIMpHHe KOROHKH AAR pacnpenenenua na nonoce Paxnwunsox aunos rexera, oropsie rpesyerca ausyant- Wo ornenars apyr or apyra. 2. Kopeuskosbie 4 Gokosbie nona Bcwmmerpuuwoii coree Soxonste m suyrpenune nonn Pasnossan. Aeyxkononounas u mnozoKonoHounas cemku Ana pasmeujenua cnnoworo rexcra cummer= piiuvian cerka 8 sasMcHMOCTH OT nocrasneHHEIX 3ana4 M KOHTeHTa MOET BbITe NogeneHia Ha He- CKOABKO KOMOHOK OAMHAKOBOH WMPHHbL K npnmepy, cHMMeTpHMHaR CeTKa Age KoNOHKM oSecne4nBaer Gone KpeaTHaHbilt 4 PHOKHii NogXoR K oprannsaunH M KoMNOHOBKE Texcra u waniocrpaunii, Wem Moxer no3a0- sin» OAMOKOMOHOUHAA CHMMETPHUHIA CeTka. Abyxxononounyto cerky MoxHo Hcnons3o8aTe Ana Bepcrk Gonbuunx oSveMos cnnowHoro TeK- cTa Mal pasnuunierx BuAOB TeKcToBol MHebopMa- ui, KoTopbie Tpesyerca pasMectut» 8 oNeBHAHO 3. BropocrenenHbie 2anemeHTbt Bropocrenennase anesenrst Mory® nunioware 8 ce6a nepx- ne w winnie Konowrarymbt ‘chassanmamn rae u pasae- m0, 2 TaK0Ke Kononueppes oTmenenHbix Apyr oT Apyra oGnactax Hah KonoHKaX. KOMOHKM MOrYT 6biTb OfMHAKOBEIMI, a MoryT MMeT® pasnuunyto WapuHy — #8 saBHcH- MocTH oT xapakTepa Cogep»kanis, noTpeCHocTelt uuTatens M BbiGopa HauGonee yno6Horo cnocoba moctyna k nHcopmaynn. MxoroKonoHouHbie ceTkH nyse Bcero NOAXOART ANA BePCTKH NepKOAMYECKHX HanaHii, 8 KoTOpbIX BUSyaNbHBIii K TeKCTOBOH KOHTEHT NocToRHHo MeHaeTcA. OAHaKO NpH BbiGope Kon MecTBa KONOHOK B CeTKe Cheayer BbITb OCTOPOX- HbIM, MOCKOABKY CHMKOM GonbUIOe Hx KonA- YecTBo Moxer sanyrars wnTaTena M 3aTpyAHiTb BOCNpMATHE KOMNOSMUMOHHON CxembI MakeTa.Onpegenntec ¢ ontHManbHbiM KOAHYECTBOM KoNOHOK 8 ceTKe BaM NoMoryT opMaT H3AaHHA W atanis ypoBHs CnOKHOCTH TeKCTOBOTO H BH3Y- anbHoro conepxanna. Kak m8 cay4ae ¢ OAHOKONOHOUHO! ceTKOH, pw paspaGorke MHoroxonOHOMHO! CeTKH 8 Nep- Bylo o4epeAb HEOSKOAMMO BbISPATD LIMPMHY KO- TOHK, C/MULIKOM WPOKHe KOMOHKM H AMHNBIE CTPOKH YTOMASIOT B3rnag, M MMTaTeNb HAUHaeT nytareca 8 TeKcTe. Bosiee y3kMe KONOHKH 1 KO- POTKHe CTPOKM COMBaIOT HaCTpoliKM TexcTa M Cos alot Gonbuioe KoNMYECTBO NepeHOCoB, Tak 4TO uuTatens noctoaHHo nepenpbirnsaer c OAHOH CTpokn Ha apyryto. Unpaita KonoHoK M Armia TeKCToBbIx CTPOK CunbHo 3aBucAT OT TeMbI H Ccbepb! npuMeHeHHs ‘Texcra. HanpMMep, 8 Gonb_MHcTBe poMaHos. lichonbsyiorca Sone WMpOKMe KONOHKM H ANMH- Hble CTpOKH, Tak Kak UiATaTeNb CocpegoToueHt TonbKO Ha OAHOM sige MHcopMayAn. B raserax woxypHanax ucronbsosaHie y3KAx KONOHOK W KOPOTKHX CTpOK 8 MHOrOKOMOHOMHOH CeTKE HaGonee yenecoo6pasHo, nockonsky YuTaTeNb AOMXKEH UMeTS BOIMOKHOCTD BbIGOPO4HO NpO- cmatpusars nicbopmauiio, OntwmanbHas wiMpua nonoce! Ha6opa pasta quanazony or 45 qo 60 aHakos c y4eTom npoGenos Ha CTpoky TeKcTa 6 KONOHKe MO60H WMpHHeL. [pH BbinoNHEHMH >TOro yenoana oGecneunsaerca Hanny4ulan yAoSouNTaeMocTD Texcta, 3TOT KpHTepHli sapbupyerca 8 3aBH- CMMOCTH OT BbIGopa UIpHcbTa, Kerns H CTMns, Ana mHoroKonoHouHoll ceTKM peKomeHayercs PACCHHTbIBATY ANMHY CTPOKM MCKOAR M3 KONA- uectea 6 40-50 anakos Ha CTpoky c yueToM npoSenos. [ns auiuncnenua Han6onee nop- XOAAUeH ANKHD! CTPOKM MAM WIMpAHEI NONOCEI HaGopa TpeGyercs 8 nepaylo oNepemb abi6pars Kernb W MHTepnMHbAXK ANA OcHOBHOFO TeKcTa: Bonee noapo6Ho ata Tema paccMoTpeHa 8 pas- ene 2. NpoGensitoe paccroakine Mekay cnoBaMn Taloke aBSETCA KDUTHYECKM Ba>KHBIM NPOCTPaH- CT8eHHbIM napaMeTpOM, BAKSIOLIMM Ha yAo6ouN- ‘Taemoct TexcTa. [1pm MHHMManbHOM 3Ha4eHnn duTaTento Gyjer cnoxHo oTAeNsTs oAHO cnoB OT Apyroro, a np MaKCHMANbHOM sHa¥eHMN ‘cniuiKoM onbuloe paccTosHne Mexay cnoBaMK cosqacr sevatnenne paaHoro TeKcTa n 3aTpyA- hurr sTeHie. TlomMMo WKPMHBI KOMOHOK HM AAMHb! Monoces Ha6opa, BAKHO yuHToIBATS pasMepst w nponopynn noneli 8 cerke. Bonee wnpoKne, eM cpeaHikH, noma noMoratoT ATaTeMO CKOH- UeHTpHpoBars BsriRg BHYTPH NonoceL. Ana Toro ‘'TO6bI KOppeKTHo OnpesennTs uIMpAHy KoNO- HOK, CheAHAKOB H NoNeli, HY)KHO ycraHOBMTs paamepHoe # nponopynoHanbHoe cooTHoUle- Hua Ana THX aneMeHTos, cosas MeKAY HAMM ovesiAlyto npocTpaHcraeHHyto M snayanbHtyio CeR3b, 470, 8 CBOIO OEPEAb, NOIBONMT YeNOCTHO Nonoiirn x paspa6orke cerkH nonocer. PA3QIEN 3 CETKU 89YY Yj bd Bg: 3 \ 7 _fbr meer CTE TTE PMOL AECKU TS pa OTrexcra cnMMerpynnias cerka ani, B KOTOpEX BusyaNbHBIA NAERIING TOETA CHE ‘ lerprecman cena taKxe lraxxe Moxer Gzirb roneneHa ‘TeKCTOBOH KOHTENT rocTosH- ‘urs nonevenes a bia nae (un Gonee) xonoHKH bro Mersteres., OnaKo cnenyer ewan Sonee anowoK HMHAKOBOM LIMpMEBI B 3aBMCH- SbITS OCTOPOKHEIM B BEIGOPe MRAKOBOH RIMPMNOL sanneunoern or n0- (OCH OF MocTaBneHMBx reper hiucna KOnOHox B cerKe, To- een amu sanay u mpenocrasnerxor: KOMBKY CRVILIKOM GOnEUOE Wx sx MmpenocTaanest- sonepxaHna konwuectao Moxer sanyraT 070 CONEDKAMUR. Knpumepy, enrae K npumepy, cummerpanaa \TaTens M SaTpyRHMTS BOC come JeTKa B ABE KONOHK OGecrresM- npuarme xommrosmunoMNor cia bacaarncsaae eT Gonee KpeaTuBHeN u ru6- |cxemt Maxera. Onpegenureca Janse xpexrwnericn 7 ub nomxon x opr vii MlONXON x oprannsalinn onramanbHtim xonMuecTBOM aaa c earn xOMTIoOnxe Texera W WAMO- ROHOK B COTKE BAM MOMOTYT arera k wnnberpaMt, krpaumy, vex moxer nossonurs | fbopmar vanarns n ananna Moxer nossonrs AOKONOHOUNAR CHMMETPUUNAs yPoBHa cnoxHocTH TeXcTOBOTO ees era. [IyxKonovounyio cerky ByayanbHoro conepxantns. ppacaonnerye carey (OXHO MCTTONEsORATE Ws BEP- Kax ws cnyuae c onHoKo- ‘oxnto wertonasonare an ee 1epeTxM Gontinx o6xe- “TkN GonbUMAx OBbEMOB CrNOUI- WOHOUNON cerxoli, Mpy paspa- sepeeerenbentnans loro Texcra wnw pasnwsnaDx OTK MHOTOKONOHOUNOM CerK pesca Se JBUNOB TeXCTOBO WHopMaLiMu, ja MepByi0 ovepenb HEO6XONMMO- reKCTOROH MEpopMalHn, | ropyie spesyerca oropywo Tpebyeres pasmecturs | asiGpar umpuny KononKn, Py YeTCR Pa ey puny IMECTHTD BOVESHAHO fp oveanano ormenesex apy? [Cruumkom umpoxne xonOHKH, peer sagtee! prapyra o6nactax win xo- Anvarente crpoxn yTOMnmoT Fa OG NACTRA HA KO jromxax. Kononxn Mory? 68IrS sorna, 1 unrarens HasuaeT wrrxax. Konorien ory? rm ORDIMAXOBS, ANMAKOBLIMH, a MOryT METS Inytarbes B Texcre, Bonee yaxne eee feud Mpunyy, B SaBMcn~ ONOHKM VM KOPOTKME CTPOKN Mp HEY, B 9 tOCTU OT XapaxTepa ConepxKa- 6UBAIOT HacTpoviKM TexcTa, = sualepitnt onepNawn, OTPeSHO- Ma, NoTpe6Hocreit wuTarens cosnator Gonpurloe KONMECTEO ‘unrarena w nsi6opa Brx6opa HanGonee yno6Horo hrepexocos, rax uro unTarens nonce yno6onapy- -loco6a foctynia K wNdopmaumu| jnocrosHiio nepenpsirueaer toe cnpeoae Fer - vi saps Mytoroxononounnie cer onsow crpoxn Ha npyryto. amen: kum lMpwnia KonoMOK W nwa oroxonoxowase par yas —_CVIMMETPUTHAR CET: MHOTOKORGHOWRAATThe highly bl eatin on lends Bg stots cy ore. layed on impr ‘art nthe sczesso th bling, but th Projects bold conap washed aa 92 Monynsnan cerea Moaynbian cerka — cnoxnan cerka w3 Heckont: Kix fopMBOHTANbHBIX M BEpTHKANBHEIX KONOKOK, o6pasyrownx 4eTKO pasrpaHMyeHHble o6nactn, aM Monynbiibie rpynnii, KoTopEIe pacrionaralorcn 8 KOMMIOSMUHOHHO! CKeMe BEPCTKH NO FopAZOHTa- ‘nw w seprinkann w npeanasnatiensi ana nocneno: saTensHolt oprannzaynn TeKcToBoro 1 BHayanbHo- ro Konrenra. Takas cerka, 8 cyulHocta, aenserca MHOroKo- AOHOYHO! C NPOGeNbHbIMH CTpOKaMN, pazaensio- LUM BepTiKanbHble KONOHKH Ha crPOKH M cbop- MmpyrOuyAMH CHCTeMy Mopynel, KoTOPBIe MOXKHO Mecrionesosar> HHAMsHAyaNSHO HW 8 Tak Ha3bI8a- cembix MOnynbibix ppynnax. Hecmorpa Ha To sro pw NoMOUH Mogynei MeHbUero pasmepa MOKHO coanate Gomtee THOKyIO H ynOSHyIo KoMnosMyH- onihylo cxemy, chenyer nomHiTb, To YpeamepHioe konwuectso Mogynelt cnoco6Ho sanyrare unrarena W cognate ouywieHne Us6oITONHOCTH, Pasmepb! w nponiopynn Monyna paccunrel- BalOTCR MCKOAS M3 WMPMHDI M AIMHDI CpegHero asaya 8 CriowHom TeKcre onpemeneHHoro pucpra w Kerns. Kpome Toro, cneayer yunTeiBaTs, To nponopYMH MoAYNA AOMKHbI CooTBeTCTeOBATb CooTHoWeHHeM CropoH McnonbayeMbix HnmocTpa- wii, Boecre c pacuerom pasmepos u nponopynit Moayneli 8 ceTke HeoSxoAKMo Takoxe onpenenn’ apametpel noneli m cpenHios. Monyneibie CeTkn NOBXOART ANA BePCTKK CROKHOFO M4 pasHo- RaHoBoro TeKcToEoro M BHayaNbHOrO KOHTEHTA, Apennonaraiouero sBeneHMe pasnuuibix MacuuTa- 608 4 yposHe oprannaalynn uNcbopMalyan. Xora Moaynbiiar ceTka no Gonbuled 4acrn ucnonbayerca B razerax, nnaHepax # TAGAMUaX, oHa TaIOKE MOKET achebexrnsHo pa6orat» 8 KHIDKHbIX HaAaHMAX W Be6-calirax, ans KoTOpEix Tpe6yerca coBioAe- ne SeTKoro Bu3yanbHOTO NopagKa M paynonand- Horo npencraanenua uncbopmauwn. Konuenuina MoaynbHoi cerku nenaerca ceo: ero pofa npogomkeHneM npAHYMNos payyonanb- Horo qusalina wkonbi Bayxayc W MATepHayno- HanbHoro Tunorpacnueckoro cruna 1950-x roqos, NPOnsHraBwnNx HAen OGvEKTHBHOFO, ynopagO- MeHHoro ausaiiHa, 8 KoTopom cbopMa orpaxkaer conepxanne. 3danua MVRDV ‘noamonaer cosqate rH6iHe Cryana focra fporenca, paaoospannsie Konno- Hugepranasi saywonnate Oxon AAR Monynsnan cerca anmewjenus rexcroworo 1 aan monorpadbun manayamsnoro conepya- suierynaer » Kavectee wa, coxpanas npx 270m >dbcpexrusnoro nuerpy- emma enra oprannsaynn crane manera. owrena. Cnowsean cenaMonynbuas cera 1. MuTerpmposannan Monynotias CeTKa rpyninet 2, Monynbue1 ‘Momynu moryr nenons20- OMHOCToO WNTEFPHPOUANWAR MORDILNAR CETKA Monynanas CETKAC saneersonAnnanen ‘onynsisien Feynman 93 CETKM PASMEN 3So, \A\ CQ C \N \ \\\IAH CETK ny AOLYNBHAN CET eNCTABNACT A CHOKAYIO y. CKONDKUX TOPU3OHTAIBHBIX U eTKY M3 He= eNTUKANbHBIX KONOHOK, o6pa- pyre {oSETsHO KEAN] )yoropare pacroTaraKT= lo6nacry, wn MonynpHBie | “4 B KOMMOSMLIMONHOM #xXeMe|BEpCTEX FO TOpUSON- aw w REPTHKaNM V MpRaKasHaNeN JIA TOCMeAC- jATENKHOM OprannsaliM TEXETOBOTO Vt BUSYANBHOTO Koumesra. ‘Taxas cena, 3 cyuptocn}, sanseten roroxon0- TDOCESREN oO, PESTETOTENT KAM opmpyroutn- Je moxaxo vertonsaonars| sePTMKANBHBTE KONOHKY HA BACHE MORYABHBIX snoMoum Monyne! (exiaulero pasMepa MOD}HO Cdsnar» Gonee raGxyio OSHA KOPTTOSALMPARY CREPY,CTEAVET fromntuts, wr0 ypesmepHoe xofmuecrBo Monyneyt frioco6uo sanyrars wwthrens v cosnam OMyWIeHMe js6urrounoern, | Ramen u nponoriau ikonyna paccuwmisna- ew uCKORR Us MIMpHAH WAM cpenHero absaLIa Scr OF TeRCTO Fa DaRHOP On PETEMERFEIPY lupudpron u xernem. Mohyns Hoxer Geir apirmuyT 1MGO No Bepraxann, nugo No FopHsoNTANK BsaBHcH (ocTH of MpoTOpLM ubw oppextayum wnmocrpa~ joi Morionssyennn 8 xpeTtOsMuVoNNOy cxens )/20 nr reRCT HABEPHY) VERT aia) franneer eo6oR enema forey no weckonsiaet rope onan MepiaAMAN ‘onowoK, o6pasyioune Worx arsenate KOnyRENLE Tn HN FPP (OCRTAS pare, koTopate pacno- ORTHO xoxo nepcrio ne ropwaosrant Bepmuraniew npenveasnatteice yoog trey edteettly : fall Pn A ally Poof Gshei, SbePiiidd 2585: i ail SHV UL STAI ACMMMeTpu4nan CeTKa Se 2 |[2 2 2 2 | Monynaias 96aie pale => a2 = 2, ill = 3 rt wa afl mise fh ge 38 S> = == ‘ES AN i> A t =-_, —, For the architects been an important investigation into’ structures - Acummerpmsnan cerka (xononounan, MonynbHan) Achmmerpiunas cerka npeacrasnaer co6ol cicremy, 8 KoTopoii npasas H neBas nonocel KoMno3i\yMORHOl cxeMbI BepCTKH HEpaBlo- SHaYHEI M OBbINHO MMeIOT CMeleHME 8 CTOPOHY oAHO!i n3 nonoc (O6eI4H0 eso!) 4ro NpHgaeT PasBopoTy achmmerpmunoiit unm pas6anaHcHpo- saHHbii oGank. J79 wun review mypnan Blueprint laono Koxpnen (crygent) Bapuan Myncbep (npenons: sarens-xoHcynerant) Yansepewrer Eparama ura, war WOra, CUA Tpencrannennsie passopo- ‘aL apuwrextypuore «yp ‘yo yaosounraemocr, pasnmmmocte uipndbra, paccranonky axyenros, mepapxme x cootHowenne macusra6on 6narogapa ORHOH acuumerpHmon ceri, koropan o6eene- sunaer pasnoospasnyio, RponyMaHyre w Kom hoprayio pan wrenna reperny rexcrosoro svayansnoro wonrenra. B maxere npucyrcrayior pynmopassepusit rexer, chororpadmu npoecros, apxnrentypnave weprext, penn, nonnwen, wepxnie nce KOROWTHTYAM, a Ta1owe ocnonmoli rexer Hanpumep, 6 acummetpHsno cerKe 143 YeTbIpex TeKcToBbIx KONOHOK TPH MoryT bir» o~nmaKosbi no uMpMHe, a YeTBepran YoKe ocransibix, cospasaa Tem caMbIM cMeLIeHHe 8 cTopory ogHoli w3 ntonoc. Takan HeTHnMunaa Kononka moxer ucnonbsosaToca Ana pasmewe- Hu RononnuTensioi mHcbopmayun, oTHOCA- Uelica K OcHOBHOMY TeKCTy B COCeRHAK KOnOH- Kx: NoarMcelt, cHOCOK, MantocTpaunit K apyrax GoKosbix anementros. PASQEN 3 CETKN 97SOS LIAL IIA BERS kuT AoNOAHH- TeNbHOH BbIPaBHusaiouyeli CTpykTypoil, KoTOpaA GyneT paGoTaTe 8 NOGO! CeTKe, paccMoTPeHHON 8 3TOM pasmene. Ova cocrour w3 paskoyna- JeHHEIX 6a30BbIx NMHKi H NpeAHasHaXeKa Ana pacnonoxena scex siyqos 3nemeHtoB KoMnOSH- MONO cxembt BepcTkH. MapaMerpbI cicreMbl G6az0BbIx AMM 3agalOTCA MCXOAA M3 Kerna HW HH- TepMHEsxa UCNONb3yeMoro LupKdpTa. B MHOrO- KONOHOYHDIX KOMNOIMUMOHHbIX CXeMaX 6a30BbIe ‘ams, nepeceKaroue cpeaHnkn, o6ecneunea- for RonoNHMTeNbHbIe TO4KM BbIpaBHHBAHHA ANA wpucpra. Hanwune 6azosbix nunuii 6 ceTke ynpowaeT Apouecc nphHaTHs AHsazHepCKHx peUIeHHi, TaK kak ace THnorpacbu4eckne H MaTeMaTHHeCKHe co- OTHOWeHMA OKa3bIBaIOTCA 3apaHee onpeneneHb!. Hanpumep, cucrema 6a3oBbix nKHini 2ToH Kure paccawrana ans wipmcbra e 9 nykros ¢ HHTep- AMHoR KEM B 14 nyHKTOB. Kern Bcex OcTanbHBIx TunorpacpHveckix 3eMeHTOS — saronosKoR, KonontTaTyn0B, 6yKBMUbI H nognnceli — paccun- ToiBalorcs Ha OcHOBaHIMN 3TAX ABYx napaMeTpos. cnn Kern saronoskos 6yaeT pasex 36 nywkraM, 370 3Ha4MT, 4TO AaHHIl SneMeHT THnorpacbHKH 3aHMMaeT TpH GazopbIe MAH, VinTepanivax Takxke snuaeT Ha sepa kanbHbie ReneHis CHCTeMbi 6a30abIx MAHI NocpeAcTBoM npoGenbHbIx CTPOK unh MoAyseN.. Hanpmmep, ec mbi ucnonbayem Kerns 8 9 nyn- kT08 ¢ mitTepnnHbsKeM 6 14 nyHKToB, a Moaynn He aenates Ha 7, To y Bac nonyunTea RononKU- ‘Tenbioe Senoe npocrpancrso 8 HiDKHel uacTH, ro cnenaer eawy sepcrky HenocnenosarenbHolt 4 coamact oulyujenne HesasepuieHHocTH. Cneayet nomuvts, YTo WacTo B BepcTKe Mcnonbayerca Gonbule OAKOFO KernA BbIGpaHHOFO ipucbta. ostomy pexomenayetcs npogymatb ce THnorpacbavieckne asleMeHTot TakMM O6pa- 30M, 4T0Gbi OHM COOTHOCHTIMCE Apyr ¢ ApyroM. B Kerne H MHTepAnHb=Ke. Takok noAXoA o6ecne- unr cosnafenne NocneAHHx CTPOK TeKCTOBbIX KO- AOHOK, a TakKe Bonee YeMOCTHbIli m eAMHObpas- Hilt OGnNK KOMMOSHUMOHHOM CKxeMbI BEPCTKM, Euje onHo npemmywecrso ucnonbsoaHna 6a30BbIx AMM OTHOCHTCA K MaCUITa6HpoBAHiNO 4 pasMewjeHinto MnntocrpaTnsHoro Marepuana. Pasmep nmiocTpauMn ee NonoxKeHHe MOKHO COOTHECTH ¢ BbICOTOI x (BbiCOTa CTPOMHbIX sHaKOB) 4 Gnwxaiiweli coorsercrayiower 6az080% muAHelt 8 TeKCTOBOM Gnoke. Nosropas Takoe cooTHOWe- Hite BO BCex TeKCTORBIX KONOHKAX, sb oGeerece eANHOOGpasHa H OLIYWeHHS nlocAeAoBaTeNBHOCTH 8 KOMNOSMyHOHHOM CxeMe BepCTKM,Cuctema 6a30BbIx ANH CD ee ty, _ — Ly _ 7 = =—— 7 _ Nil _ _ ee i _ —— - PASAEN 3 CETKK104 Cuctema 6a30BbIx AMHU — NpofOmKeHHE s108ht Pasnen 2 seen|_vicTeMa Oa30BbIXIuHMM aBiserca "|, | MeHTOM m060% ceTxuUucocrour a —__|_ nun, wa KoToprx pasmemaerca |. — [ae wa sssonut | race sasoni onc Cucrema 6asoBbix nuMMii apnaerca Heo6xo- “| Guerena Sasonn man TDMMBIM BHYTDeHHMM sneMeHTOM mo6o% cerKy. BARETCA NeOGXORMMEH 2 aaa THYTPeNNOCneNeRTOH 7 ‘McocTo} pabhoynaneHHbix Tapamienb-— aoa = ‘MX MUM, Ha KoTOpEX pasmemaerca $id Sasa atindiee cTnOUMow Texcr. KpyTINopasMepHETA uIpudr ‘Fapannensitsx aMHMii, . 1a KOTOPRIK pasmenmaereR 7 w.Bce ComyrcrEyioune Busyanbibie 9neMONTHL : nownon TeXCr APT (Obbnio pacronoxenie Gazopex musi 38- sropaamepinit mpage BCT OT BRGpANMoro Kern MuTepAMNDSKA. 4 Mace conyrersyouyte 0 ‘iayannne arene ——AMictionpsopaHve cvcrempt 6aS0BEX ‘OMHMiA NaeT DRA OCHOBMBIX TIpeMMyUIeCTRA. ‘Bo-repppix, Gasosnie nuamusanaiot ig | al mos PASNEN 3 cETK 5106 cee ees Wepapxmueckan cerka Mepapxiueckan cerka cocTonT M3 cHcTeMb! amin BpipasHneannit n o6nacTel ans TexcTa W wa06paxeHni, KoTopaa Bapbupyercs oT no- OCbI K NoNOCe M8 KOTOPO! LuMpHHa KONOHOK W nponopumn Hanpamyio 3asHcaT oT xapakTepa BHayanbHoro m TeKcTOBOrO KOHTeHTa. PaccmaTpHBaembili Bua CeTkH sanseTcn acbebexrisHbim peusenem ana rpacbuveckoro Avsaliepa 8 cny'aax, Koraa npMxoaMTcA pa6o- TaTb ¢ MaTepnasiom, He npeqHasHaeHHeim Ansa cTporoli crpykrypbi # Mepapxmi apyrnx ceTOK. Vepapxnueckas cerka nosBonset ocyujecrBTe UGK M ecrecTBeHHDIi nogxoA k pasmeweHHio W Mepapxn TeKcTosoro HW sM3yanbHOTO KOHTeHTA, puTOM 4TO OHa CoBCeM He BbITASAMT Kak CeTKa Mp pa6ore c nio6oii cerkoii cneayer Mposecth AOcKoHanbHbIl aHanns Bcero npe- AoctasnenHoro KoHTeHTa, UTO6bI c Gonbwweli 2¢bebexrnsHocroto ncnonbs08aTS mo6yio BbIGpannylo ceTky. B 370M 3akmiouaercs Bala CCaitr Mysen conpentennoro mexyeetsa Onapwea (regan Barnaiicrep sw Bmecenxa Yous Hiso-ftopk, CWA Mepaproriecxan ononou- wan cerca oGecnewnener ‘opranuaaywonnoe wom oanywonnoe pasnoosp: ‘npnmwnrs apanrasnett ecrectnenvsti nonxon, x panmewjenmo nanuran- ‘on, mnchopmaynon- worn dpororpadwvecknx, ounowenron Anau oro Kowrewra Rannore ne 6-caira nan Myson compemenoro nexyeeraa. Nepsoovepeanan saqa4a, nub nocne 270: ro sbi npucTynuTe k paspa6oTke KOHYeNKMK W OKOHMaTeNbHOMy nocTpoeHHio Mepapxneckol ceTki. Takin o6pasom, Cosmathan Bami ceTKa Gyner nonHocTsio oTseYaTb HHcbopMayHOHHEIM W KOMMYHHKaTHBHDIM enaM npeAcTaaneHHOro Marepwana. Mepapxueckan ceTka NoAXOAMT Ana TaKHX NpoekToB, Kak paspa6orka qusalina yna- Koski, NpoMonnakaTos Hi Be6-caliTOB. B qusaiiHe se6-caiitos nepapxnueckne cer ku O6bINHO McnonbayioTca M3-3a sapeMpyroUelica LUIMPMHBI KOMOHOK H NPOCTPAHICTBeHHEIX HHTepBa- FOB MeKAY HMM. 3TO O6yCMOBNEHO AMHAMMUHO- Too 8e6-caiiros, nockonbky MacurTa6nposaHne okHa 6paysepa Tpe6yer MaKcHManbHoll rM6KOCTA MaKera. Mogo6Hbix xapakTepHcTik BepCTKM Henb3a AOGHTBCA OT KECTKO CTPYKTYPHPOBAH- HbIx CeTOK, B TO BPEMA Kak MepapxHueckan CeTKa Mpemocrasnser Takylo BOsMOKHOCTD.Vepapxwueckan cerka Tn6kaa/ecrectsennan smayamnoro xonrenra no- cpencteom cncress mimi o6nacre Ana rexera uusosparce- nit, xoropoie Moryr MMeTs paanmannie pasmepe. ‘mpannvnareni ‘MonyAM WsPAPKINECKOR CETAM 2 107 CETKH PA3QEN 3= a \ \ Y y \x idl lili , —~—Erhrhmhm—e | Lillilddilltdadilltddild a YY YY _ YyTEPAPXMUWECKAM ETEK Pre papa recat COTRE COCTOMT HF CHICHEME TVR EE PABRVBAAMIT =Prexar o6nacteii Ana TexcTa nu ns06paxkervi, KOTOPAA BAPEMpYeTCA OT 110- jrocst x nonoce MB KoTOpOH umpyiva KdNOHOX v TporropuMn Hanpamyio| — EcTecTBeHHat yr = PasHoobpasrar PPACCPATPUBACH ETA BUTT CETRVT b, ransercs sd exr/BHBIM pe ca oo piewnercana rpagwectoro —bpramsonanad Maariitepa B cnyYaax, KONA rpuxonutes pa6orars c Marepn- —Varmpepcanpuas NOM, He MipentasHavendemm anst -Tporovt crpyxrypst u Mepapxnn ~ unamvnnat \PyTMx ceToK. Mepapxwveckas Ka MosBonser OcyntecrsuT posreen fuSxni v ectecrsentii ronxon mon aie reKcToROTo M BUsyanbHOro KOH fretrra, mpuTom uro ona COBCEM he BLIrnanvr Kak cerxa. Tipn pa6ore c mosov cero knenyer npopectu nockoHanb- hibit ananws ecero mpenocTas- leHHONO KONTENTA, HTOGBL 0 BB STM 3aKMOTECTCH BAI |cne sToro BEI tpuctymprTe| [TenbHOMy TocTpoeHuip uu cosmaHHas BaMu ceTKa 6 5/2. TIepBOOWepeDHAN Sank K paspa6orke KOHLert papxuyeckon cerku. T eT MONHOCTHIO OTBEY dal TIMI TtO= LIMy VU OKOHYa- ‘akyimM O6pa3oM, IT110 Oprannsauns/o6nact B pesynsrave metommuecxoro awanwaa tpesonaunii xouno- amumonnol creme neperio tina nocrpoona cerxa, pase “newman wa Ypw acta. ororwn womavenscraa, nasnanne ‘cepmn, ena, naneanoe none mien antopa sannMarer ORM ‘pers nouiann O60 mepay, a rpacbnecoe ‘obopmncnne — ase rpern MOWAAN o6noWCRH BHNSY. CR el Ca)Cerxa Map6epa 8 1961 rony rpadpnuecknit qusaiinep Pomex Map6ep (Nonbwia, pon. 1965) paspaGoran opra- Hil3a4MOHHO-KOMTOSKUMOHHYIO CeTKy Ana H3Aa- Tenbcrea Penguin Books, KoTopaa crana onHoli V3 CAMBIX MHHOBAUMOHHEIX H Y3HABZeMBIX CeTOK, NOABHBLIMKCR 6 KOHYE XX Beka. Vshavansko aupekrop wajatensctsa Apkepmano acerru (Uranus, 1926-2006) saKasan y MapGepa ansaiit oGnoxek ana KHit CAMeHa Mlorrepa Language in the Modern World («stsbik 8 COBpeMeHHOM Mupes) m Our language («Hau sabikn). Bcxope nocne storo acetr ronpo- cun Map6epa u ero Konner ausalixepos /lepexa Bépacenna (BennKo6purana, pox. 1934) n Ayxora Cotoanna (Bennko6puratina, 1926-1981) paspa6o- ‘TaT» HoBoe orbopmneHne Ana cepn aeTeKTHEOS, koropas He nopsepranace HuKakomy ausaliHepcKo- My nepeocMbicneHinio anu waMeHeHHsM Ha NpO- ‘TwxeHHM 25 ner. Monyune 3ToT 3aKa3, MapGep TDMHSIICA MeTOAMHO aHanMaHpOBaTS TpeOOBAHMA K KOMMOSMUIMOHHOM CxeMe OGnOxeK 3TOH cepHN. Cepus demexmuensx pomanoe Penguin Crime Pomex Mapsep, onaoM, BennKosparanne Npencrannenste npumepst odopmnenun cepuiinsrx 6nomex orpamcaior yimxansestit NOOR x paspasoree xounosuus ‘onnoli ceria: ona Tpers ‘corva n nepxnedt aero ‘o6nomxn ovnenena non ‘mororan wapavensersa, #3- _anavme w wnan a8Topa, 2 REE svoxvone rpera sanmmaer pasnoospaanit wamocrpa- ‘rwonaiii arepnan. User w rumorpacpmica urparor one qonannurensioro 6nequnmousero gpaxropa. Hosbili noaxon MapSepa k cepiniiHeim 06- soxkam COxpakinn CraHAapTHble NHHTEMHOBCKME ropwaoHTanbHble NonoceI, a TaIKKE C>HpMeHHDIH seneHuili yser cepun, Ho oTsen TOA H306pa- oxeHtne ABe TPeTH NNoU\aAK OGNOxKH. BOK c HaaaHneM paaMeujanca Hasepxy 1 3aHMMaN oaty TpeT® o6nOKKn. OH CocTosn M3 TeX FopMaoHTaNbHbIx NOMOC, B KOTOPBIK C BbIKMION- Koli no nesomy Kpato pasMewance noroTHn vaqatenscrsa, HassaHie cepMi, YeHa, HaseaHne KHMTH HMMs asTopa. Co6pas BCIO HHcbopMa- Mio 8 equnbiil 6n0k 8 BepxHell uacrH O6NOKKH, Map6ep ocsoSonun Gonswe Mecta nog w306pa- xelne, Cry>xHauuee ANA NPHBNeYeHHA BHAMAHIA unTatena m, CnenosaTenbHo, conelicrsosaswee npoparkam Kaxaol KHTM cep Vintiosaynonnbili noaxoa Map6epa k pewe- Hi10 KOMMOSMYOHHO! CxeM! OGAOXKKH KHHITH nowor Penguin Books ccbopmuposare y3Haea- embili suayanbHbil Spevn, KoTOpbIl ocTaBanca acbebekTienbiM H yHHKaNbHBIM Ha NpoTAKeHKM nocneayrouyax qsaquatn ner. PA3AIEN 3 CETKN a.ony Heian faa L7VOOHR SeteoNoanstne bata 12 Cocrasnaa cerka Cocrasiaa cerka npeanonaraet ucnons3onanne AByx Mn Conee KonOHOK M oprannzaumio Hx 8 eamuyio crpykrypy. Vicnonsaya cocrasiyio cerky, eb! cosqae- ‘Te Bapbnpytowyniics, Ho TeM He MeHee eAMHBII auayanbHbili pHTM MH YeTKyIO NocnegosaTenbHOCTE 8 KOMNOsMYMOHHON CxeMe. [OSUTACA 3TOFO MOOK: Ho np nomouwn onpegeneHHiix snemeHTos — no- Aeli, npoGentHsix cTpOK W CpeAHnkoB — Ana acex pasHosMaHocTeli cerox, Koropble abi BHegpaeTe 8 O6iuy!0 cocraBHyto ceTky. puMeHAR o6UuMe O6pasosaremno- pam ncnomayeren wer pocpeccuonansian vo nponymanmasis na6op ‘nporpamaa nonroronen ‘cerounbix snemenros — pacynerera apxnrenrypet noneii npoGensuusx cxpox ‘Rpm Yumnepenrere Max epennnnos, ABoiinos i3- anna, 2014 _anawenne maxera (noctep Cryaua Pastlle Rose, Mot ‘6pounopa) noaxpenneno ans, npoownuns Keesex, amenenmon oon wa: Konana ‘npannenna rexera,arasowe ‘Boren nocrepe- menomasonannen nit 6pouope c pernamoi mora no nevomy KpaI0 6pazosarensino- ‘Ana neex ranoe rexeronol pospeccnonansioii npo- voupopmaynn. Byayanbible sHaMeHaTenn BMecTe ¢ BapbHpylo- U\HMCA CTpykTypaMu CeTKH, Bbi OBecneuHBaeTe Gonee ynoneii m nnasheili npoyecc socnpnarHa Ana surarens B npweenestom npumepe npegcrasnena AByXKONOHOMHAR CeTKA, HANOMEHHaR Ha TpexKo- AOWOUKYIO ¢ OGLIMMH 3neMeHTaMN. Braropapa 2TOMy nosBnaeTcs GonbWle BapHaHToB ana Bepcrkm, NocKonbKy abl MoxeTe AenHMTe NoNOCy 8 cooTeercramn ¢ ToH HnM MHOK nponopynelt.