ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING REVIEW BASIC ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

REVIEW MODULE I -1 Electricity & Magnetism

ELECTRICITY after Alessandro Volta. Mathematically, it is defined as

work per unit charge.
 Defined as a fundamental quantity in nature
consisting of the two basic electrical charges – where :
electron ( the negative charge) whether at rest W  work, Joules (J)
Q = electric charge, Coulombs (C)
or in motion.
note: 1 Volt (V) = 1 Joule/ Coulomb (C)
Types of Electricity
Resistance (R) is the opposition or hindrance offered by
 Static Electricity is the electricity produced
when the electrical charges are at rest. The the material to current flowing. It is affected by the
length, cross-sectional area, specific resistance
electricity produced by rubbing silk on a
glass rod is positive (vitreous) static ( resistivity) and temperature. Its unit is ohm (Ω) named
after Georg Simon Ohm. Assuming constant
electricity. The electricity produced by
rubbing fur on a rubber, amber, or plastic temperature its value is determined only by the three
physical factors.
rod is negative(resinous) static electricity. where :
This static electricity is produced by friction
L   resistivity or specific resistance,   m
hence called frictional electricity. R and -CM/ft units
A
 Dynamic Electricity is the electricity L = length in meters or ft
RA
produced when the electric charges are  A = cross-sectional area in m 2 , ft 2
L
moving or transferring from one atom to and circular mils (CM)
RA
another in a material. It refers to the so L Note:
called electric current ( movement of either  1C M =  /4 square mil
electrons or holes) L 1 square mil = 4 /  CM
A
FUNDAMENTAL ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES A 1 inch = 1000 mils

Electric current (I) is the movement of an electric

charge. Mathematically, it is defined as the charge per Temperature effect on resistance
unit time. Its unit is ampere (A) after Andre Marie
Ampere.

Q where :
I Q  electric charge, Coulombs (C)
t
t = time, seconds (s)
Q  It
note:
Q
t 1C = 6.24 x 1018 electrons
I = 6.24 x 1018 protons

Voltage (V or E) is defined as the force pressure

required causing movement of charges in a material.
With no voltage applied there is no current flowing. It is
otherwise known as electromotive force (EMF) and
potential difference (PD). The unit is volt (V) named

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REVIEW MODULE I -1 Electricity & Magnetism

Conductance (G) - how easy it is for the current to flow

would be conductance. Its new unit is Siemens (S)
1
 ref  named after Ernst Werner von Siemen. The former unit
T  t ref
was mho.

Mathematically, conductance is the reciprocal, or

inverse, of resistance:
where :
1 A 1 R  resistance ()
G  
R L R A= area (m 2 )
L  length (m)
1 GL
   = resistivity
 A R  resistance ()

Electrical Power (P) is defined as the amount of work

Resistivities of common metals and alloys
done in the circuit per unit time. Mathematically, it is
the time rate at which a charge Q is forced to move by
the applied voltage. Its unit is Joules named after James
Prescott Joule.

W Q V2
P   V  IV  I R 
2

t t R

Inferred absolute zero temperatures

ENGINEERING METRIC PREFIXES

Temperature-resistance coefficients

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 ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING REVIEW
REVIEW MODULE I -1
TYPES OF MAGNETISM
 FERROMAGNETISM
MAGNETTISM
 In physics, magnetism is a force that can attract
(pull closer) or repel (push away) objects that
have a magnetic material like iron inside them
(magnetic objects).
 The power of attraction between two elements
is called magnetism.
 PARAMAGNETISM
 In simpler words it is a property of certain
substances which pull closer or repel other
objects.
 Magnetic materials are matter that is attracted
by magnets.
 It attracts opposite poles and repel same poles.
ELECTROMAGNETISM
 Electromagnetism is magnetism produced by an
electric current rather than by natural magnet.
This phenomenon was discovered by Hans
Christian Oersted in 1819. This discovery
PREPARED BY: ENGR. CARMIE BASILLOTE
BASIC ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Electricity & Magnetism
prompted the application of the magnetic effect
to the construction of several important devices
equipments since powerful artificial magnets
can now be created with electromagnetism.
 Electricity and magnetism are two aspects of
electromagnetism.
 Magnetism produced by an electric current, and
electric current produced by a changing
magnetic field. The branch of physics that deals
with the interaction of electric and magnetic
fields.
 Ferromagnetism is the basic mechanism by
which certain materials (such as iron)
form permanent magnets, or are attracted
to magnets.
  Ferromagnetism is the strongest type: it is the
only one that typically creates forces strong
enough to be felt, and is responsible for the
common phenomena of magnetism in magnets
encountered in daily life.
 Ferromagnetism is a kind of magnetism that is
associated with iron, cobalt, nickel, and some
alloys or compounds containing one or more of
these elements.
 Paramagnetic materials such as liquid oxygen
and aluminum show a weak magnetic attraction
when placed near a magnet. Some atoms or
ions in the material have a net magnetic
moment due to unpaired electrons in partially
filled orbitals. In the presence of a field, there is
a partial alignment of the atomic magnetic
moments in the direction of the field resulting
in a net positive magnetization and positive
susceptibility.
 In a strong magnetic field, paramagnetic
materials become magnetic and will stay
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magnetic while the field is present. When the  The closer together the two magnets are, the
strong magnetic field is removed the net greater is the magnetic force between them.
magnetic alignment is lost and the magnetic
dipoles relax to a random motion. INDUCTION

 When a magnet is passed through a coil of wire,

 DIAMAGNETISM
 Diamagnetic materials are composed of atoms
that have no net magnetic moments. However,
when exposed to a field a weak negative
magnetisation is produced which causes
repulsion instead of attraction. Diamagnetic
materials have negative susceptibilty with
magnetitude of around -10 to -10-4
it produces an electric current .
 The direction of the flow of the current depends
on the direction on which the magnet moves.
 In the above diagram, the current flow from
right to left and in the bottom diagram, the
current flows from left to right.

 Many common materials are diamagnetic and

hence In the presence of very strong magentic
fields the repulsion caused by diamagnetism
can cause objects to levitate even frogs

GENERAL PROPERTIES OF MAGNETISM

 All the magnets have two types of poles: north-
seeking poles or north poles and south-seeking
poles or south poles.

 The magnetic strength is the strongest at the

poles of the magnet.
 When you freely suspend a bar magnet in a
horizontal position, the magnetic field of the
bar magnet will interact with the magnetic field
of the Earth. This will cause the bar magnet to
come to rest in a north-south direction, where
the north pole of the magnet points to the
north pole of the Earth.
PROPERTIES OF MAGNETS
 Like poles repel and unlike poles attract. (just as
like charges repel and unlike charges attract).
 Magnets attract magnetic materials such as
iron, steel, cobalt and nickel.
 The stronger a magnet, the larger will be the
attractive or repulsive force between other
magnets.
THEORIES OF MAGNETISM
Domain Theory of Magnetism
 The domain theory states that inside a magnet
there are small regions in which the magnetic
directions of all the atoms are aligned in the
same directions. These regions are known
as domains.
 Within a domain, the aligment of the magnetic
direction is the same. In the next domain it may
be in a completely different direction. On
average over the many domains in the magnet
there there is no preferential direction for the
magnetic force. However, using an external
magnetic field from another magnet say, the
direction of the magnetic direction in each
domain can be made to align with the magnetic
field the net magnetic field can be increased.

Atomic Theory of Magnetism

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 We are familiar with the model of the atom “The force of attraction or repulsion between two poles
with a nucleus that contains the protons and is inversely proportional to the square of the distance
neutrons and electron orbit the nucleus. Within between them.”
the atom, the electrons behave as if they are
magnets. Electrons, protons and neutrons all
have a magnetic dipole moments however the
magnetic moment of an electron is the most
significant. In fact it is conveniently assigned a
unit called the Bohr magneton, which is equal
to the magnetic dipole moment of an electron.
(μB = m/2e = 9.274 x 10-24 J T-1)

 In addition to the magnetic dipole moment of

the electrons, the fact that the electrons orbit
around the nucleus give rise to a second
MAGNITUDE OF THE FORCE
magnetic field produced by the moving charge
around the nucleus.
F  BI sin 
MAGNETIC CIRCUITS
where: B = flux density (Wb/m2)
Curie temperature (Pierre Curie) – the critical I = current (A)
temperature such that when ferromagnets are heated  = length of conductor (m)
above that temperature their ability to possess
θ = angle between the conductor and field
permanent magnetism disappears.

CURIE TEMPERATURE OF MAGNETS

Ferromagnet Temperature (°C)
Iron (Fe) 770
Nickel (Ni) 358
Cobalt (Co) 1130
Gadolinium 16

ALLOYS COMMONLY MAGNETIZED

Alloy Percentage Content
Permalloy 22% Fe, 78% Ni
Hipernik 40% Fe, 60% Ni
Perminvar 30% Fe, 45% Ni, 25% Co
Alnico 24% Co, 51% Fe

COULOMB’S LAW

Coulomb’s Laws First Law

“The force of attraction or repulsion between two

magnetic poles is directly proportional to their
strengths.”
Second First Law

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REVIEW MODULE I -1 Electricity & Magnetism

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 ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING REVIEW BASIC ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
REVIEW MODULE I -1 Electricity & Magnetism

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. Who discovered the relationship between

magnetism and electricity that serves as the
foundation for the theory of
electromagnetism?
A. Luigi Galvani
B. Hans Christian Oersted*
C. Andre Ampere
D. Charles Coulomb

2. Who demonstrated the theory of

electromagnetic induction in 1831?
A. Michael Faraday*
B. Andre Ampere
C. James Clerk Maxwell
D. Charles Coulomb

3. Who developed the electromagnetic theory of

light in 1862?
A. Heinrich Rudolf Hertz
B. Wilhelm Rontgen
C. James Clerk Maxwell*
D. Andre Ampere

4. Who discovered that a current-carrying

conductor would move when placed in a
magnetic field?
A. Michael Faraday*
B. Andre Ampere
C. Hans Christian Oersted
D. Gustav Robert Kirchhoff

5. Who discovered the most important electrical

effects which is the magnetic effect?
A. Hans Christian Oersted*
B. Sir Charles Wheatstone
C. Georg Ohm
D. James Clerk Maxwell

6. Who demonstrated that there are magnetic

effects around every current-carrying
conductor and that current-carrying conductors

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can attract and repel each other just like C. Statically induced emf
magnets? D. Self induced emf*
A. Luigi Galvani
B. Hans Christian Oersted 12. The emf induced in a coil due to the changing
C. Charles Coulomb current of another neighboring coil is called
D. Andre Ampere* A. Mutually induced emf*
B. Self induced emf
7. Who discovered superconductivity in 1911? C. Statically induced emf
A. Kamerlingh Onnes* D. Dynamically induced emf
B. Alex Muller
C. Geory Bednorz 13. When a conductor is stationary and the
D. Charles Coulomb magnetic field is moving or changing the emf
induced is called
8. The force of attraction or repulsion between A. Statically induced emf*
two magnetic poles is directly proportional to B. Mutually induced emf
their strengths. C. Self induced emf
A. Newton’s first law D. Dynamically induced emf
B. Faraday’s first law of electromagnetic
induction 14. The magnetic potential in a magnetic circuit can
C. Coulomb’s first law* be measured in terms of
D. Coulomb’s second law A. Mmf*
B. Emf
9. The force of attraction or repulsion between C. Farad
two magnetic poles is inversely proportional to D. Coulomb
the square of the distance between them. This
is known as 15. A substance that attracts pieces iron
A. Newton’s first law A. Conductor
B. Faraday’s first law of electromagnetic B. Semiconductor
induction C. Magnet*
C. Coulomb’s first law D. All of the above
D. Coulomb’s second law*
16. The phenomenon by which a subtracts pieces
10. The process by which an emf and hence current of iron
is generated or induced in a conductor when A. Magnetism*
there is a change in the magnetic flux linking B. Electromagnetism
the conductor is called C. Naturalism
A. Electromagnetic induction* D. Materialism
B. Mutual induction
C. Faraday’s law 17. Which of the following is a natural magnet?
D. Electromagnetic interference A. Steel
B. Magnesia
11. The emf induced in a coil due to the change of C. Lodestone*
its own flux linked with it is called D. Soft iron
A. Mutually induced emf
B. Dynamically induced emf

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18. Define as that pole which when placed in air 24. Which of the following materials has
from a similar and equal pole repels it with a permeability slightly less than that of free
force of newtons space?
A. North pole A. Paramagnetic
B. South pole B. Non- magnetic
C. Unit pole* C. Ferromagnetic
D. Magnetic pole D. Diamagnetic*

19. The point in a magnet where the intensity of 25. Materials whose permeabilities are slightly
magnetic lines of force is maximum greater than that of free space
A. Magnetic pole* A. Paramagnetic*
B. South pole B. Non- magnetic
C. North pole C. Ferromagnetic
D. Unit pole D. Diamagnetic

20. The straight line passing through the two poles 26. Materials that have very high permeabilities
of magnet is called (hundreds and even thousands times of that of
A. Real axis free space)
B. Cartesian axis A. Paramagnetic
C. Magnetic axis* B. Non- magnetic
D. Imaginary axis C. Ferromagnetic*
D. Diamagnetic
21. The branch of Engineering which deals with
the magnetic effect of electric current is 27. The current of electric circuit is analogous to
known as which quantity of a magnetic circuit
A. Magnetism A. Mmf
B. Electromagnetism* B. Flux*
C. Electrical engineering C. Flux density
D. Electronics engineering D. Reluctivity

22. The space outside the magnet where its pole 28. What is the diameter of an atom?
have a force of attraction or repulsion on a A. About 10^-10 m*
magnetic pole is called B. About 10^-10 cm
A. Magnetic field* C. About 10^-10 mm
B. Electric field D. About 10^-10 µm
C. Electromagnetic field
D. Free Space Field 29. Defined as a closed path in which magnetic
induction or flux flows
23. The total number of magnetic lines of force in a A. Electric circuit
magnetic field is called B. Magnetic circuit*
A. Magnetic flux* C. Electronic circuit
B. Magnetic flux density D. Electromagnetic circuit
C. Magnetic flux intensity
D. Magnetic potential 30. The force which set ups or tends to set up
magnetic flux in a magnetic circuit

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A. Dynamic force D. Resistance

B. Electromotive force
C. Potential difference 37. The property of magnetic materials of retaining
D. Magnetomotive force* magnetism after withdrawal of the magnetizing
force is known as
31. Referred to as the specific reluctance of a A. Retentivity*
material B. Reluctivity
A. Resistivity C. Resistivity
B. Reluctivity* D. Conductivity
C. Conductivity
D. Permeability 38. The quantity of magnetism retained by a
magnetic material after withdrawal of the
32. The property of a material which opposes the magnetizing force is called
creation of magnetic flux in it A. Leftover magnetism
A. Resistance B. Hysteresis
B. Reluctance* C. Residual magnetism*
C. Permeance D. Coercivity
D. Conductance
39. The amount of magnetizing force to counter
33. It is the reciprocal of reluctance and implies the balance the residual magnetism of a magnetic
case of readiness with which magnetic flux is material is referred to as
developed. A. Reluctivity
A. Resistance B. Susceptivity
B. Conductance C. Coercivity*
C. Permeance* D. Retentivity
D. Inductance
40. Defined as the number of lines per unit area
34. The ability of a material to conduct magnetic through any substance in a plane at right angles
flux through it. to the lines of force
A. Permittivity A. Flux
B. Reluctivity B. Flux lines
C. Conductivity C. Flux density*
D. Permeability* D. Flux intensity

35. The ratio of the permeability of material to the 41. Defined as the flux density produced in it due
permiabiity of air or vacuum. to its own induced magnetism
A. Relative permeability* A. Magnetic field intensity
B. Relative permittivity B. Electric field intensity
C. Relative conductivity C. Electromagnetic field intensity
D. Relative reluctivity D. Intensity magnetization*

36. Permeance is analogous to 42. The force acting on a unit n- pole placed at that
A. Conductance* point is called
B. Reluctance A. Magnetic field intensity*
C. Admittance B. Electric field intensity

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C. Electromagnetic field intensity 49. Used to maintain strength of magnetic field

D. Intensity magnetization A. Container
B. Air gap
43. The ratio between the intensity of C. Keeper*
magnetization produced in a substance to the D. Source
magnetizing force producing it
A. Magnetic Reluctivity 50. All magnetic field originates from
B. Magnetic Resistivity A. moving electric charge*
C. Magnetic susceptibility* B. Iron atoms
D. Magnetic conductivity C. Magnetic domain
D. Permanent magnets
44. Refers to the magnetic lines
A. Flux* 51. Magnetic fields do not interact with
B. Hysteresis A. Moving permanent magnets
C. Current B. Stationary permanent magnets
D. Magnetomotive force C. Moving electric charges
D. Stationary electric charges*
45. Refers to the non- metallic materials that have
the ferromagnetic properties of iron. 52. The magnetic field inside a solenoid
A. Ferrites A. is zero
B. Ferromagnetic B. is uniform*
C. Diamagnetic C. increases with distance from the axis
D. Paramagnetic D. decreases with distance from the axis

46. The air space between poles of magnets 53. When the ferromagnetic substance is inserted
A. Air gap in a current- carrying solenoid, the magnetic
B. Free space field is
C. Vacuum A. Greatly decreased
D. Atmosphere B. Greatly increased*
C. Slightly decreased
47. One that has magnetic poles produced by D. Slightly increased
internal atomic structure with no external
current necessary 54. The magnetic field of a bar magnet most closely
A. Diamagnetic resembles the magnetic field of
B. Permanent magnets A. a horseshoe magnet
C. Paramagnetic B. a straight current- carrying wire
D. Electromagnetic C. a stream of electrons moving parallel to one
another
48. Magnetic effects of the earth as a huge magnet D. a current- carrying wire loop*
with north and south poles.
A. Diamagnetic 55. The magnetic field of a magnetized iron bar
B. Ferromagnetic when strongly heated
C. Terrestrial magnetism* A. Becomes weaker*
D. Terrestrial ferromagnetism B. Becomes stronger
C. Reverses in direction

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D. is unchanged 62. Paramagnetic substance has a relative

permeability of
56. A permanent magnet does not exert a force on A. Slightly less than one
A. an unmagnetized iron bar B. Equal to one
B. a magnetized iron bar C. Slightly equal to one*
C. a moving electric charge D. Very much greater than one
D. a stationary electric charge*
63. A group of magnetically aligned atoms is called
57. A current if flowing east along a power line. If A. Range
the earth’s field is neglected, the direction of B. Lattice
the magnetic field below it is C. Domain*
A. North* D. Crystal
B. South
C. East 64. The force between two magnetic poles varies
D. West with the distance between them.
The variation is to the square of that distance.
58. The emf produced in a wire by its motion A. Equal
across a magnetic field does not depend upon B. Greater than
the C. Directly proportional
A. Diameter of the wire* D. Inversely proportional*
B. Length of the wire
C. Orientation of the wire 65. Permeability means
D. Flux density of the field A. The conductivity of the material for
magnetic lines of force*
59. The induced emf in a wire loop that is moved B. The magnetization test in the material after
parallel to a uniform magnetic field is exciting field has been removed
A. Zero* C. The strength of an electromagnet
B. Dependent on the area of the loop D. The strength of the permanent magnet
C. Dependent on the shape of the loop
D. Dependent on the magnitude of the field 66. is an electromagnet with its core in the
form of a close magnetic ring.
60. The magnetic flux through a wire loop in a A. Solenoid
magnetic field does not depend on B. Paraboloid
A. The area of the loop C. Toroid*
B. The magnitude of the field D. Cycloid
C. The shape of the loop*
D. The angle between the plane of the loop 67. A magnetic material losses its ferromagnetic
and the direction properties at a point called
61. Steel is hard to magnetize because of its A. Curie temperature*
A. Low permeability* B. Inferred absolute temperature
B. High permeability C. Room temperature
C. High density D. Absolute temperature
D. High retentivity
68. The quantity 10^6 maxwells is equivalent to
one

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A. Weber* C. electron-volt*
B. Gauss D. Walt- second
C. Gilbert
D. Tesla 76. One ampere- turn is equivalent to gilberts
A. 1.16
69. What is the unit of reluctance? B. 1.26*
A. Maxwell C. 1.36
B. Gauss D. 1.46
C. At/Wb*
D. Weber 77. The magnetic flux of 2000 lines is how many
Maxwells?
70. What is the SI unit of magnetic flux? A. 1000
A. Tesla B. 2000*
B. Weber* C. 4000
C. Maxwell D. 8000
D. Gauss
78. How much is the flux in Weber in the above
71. What is the unit of magnetomotive force? problem?
A. Volt A. 2 x 10^-5*
B. Tesla B. 2 x 10^-3
C. Ampere- turn* C. 2 x 10^5
D. Weber D. 2 x 10^3
79. One oersted (Oe) is equivalent to Gb/cm.
72. What is the cgs unit of magnetomotive force? A. 1*
A. Gilbert* B. 10
B. Ampere- turn C. 100
C. Maxwell D. 1000
D. Weber
80. The unit of electrical energy is
73. The unit of flux is in cgs system. A. Joule
A. Tesia B. Watt- second
B. Gilbert C. Kilowatt- hour
C. Maxwell* D. All of these*
D. Oersted
81. A magnetic flux of 2.5 x10^4 Wb through an
74. Flux density is measured in area of 5 x10^4 square meters results in
A. Tesla* A. 5 Wb
B. Weber B. 0.5 Tesia of flux density*
C. Ampere- turn C. 5x 10^-5 Wb of flux
D. Maxwell D. 5000 Tesia of flux density

75. The customary energy unit in atomic and 82. If a 20 V potential is applied across a relay coil
nuclear physics is with 50 turns having 1 fi of resistance, the total
A. Joule magnetomotive producing magnetic flux in the
B. Volt- coulomb circuit is

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A. 10 Wb 88. What is the SI unit of reluctance?

B. 50 T A. At
C. 1000 A t/m B. At/m
D. 1000 A.t* C. N/Wb
D. At/Wb*
83. What is the reluctance of a magnetic path
having a length of 2x 10^-3m and cross- 89. A magnetizing force of 1000 AT/m will produce
sectional area of 2.5 x 10^-3 m^2? a flux density of in air.
A. 6366 A.t/Wb* A. 1.257 mWb/m^2*
B. 6000 A.t/Wb B. 0.63 Wb/m^2
C. 8x10^-3 A.t/Wb C. 1.257 Wb/m^2
D. 0.8 A.t/Wb D. 0.63 mWb/m^2

84. Calculate the permeability (in T/A. t/m) of a 90. The resistance of a material is its area of
magnetic material that has a relative cross-section.
permeability of 300 A. directly proportional
A. 3.78 x 10^-4* B. independent of
B. 3.78 x 10^-5 C. inversely proportional to*
C. 3.78 x 10^-3 D. equal to
D. 3.78 x 10^-6
91. If the length and area of cross-section of a wire
85. Calculate the flux density that will be produced are doubled, then its resistance
by the field intensity of 2000 a. t/m for a A. becomes four times
permeability of 126 x 10^-6 T/A.t/m B. becomes sixteen times
A. 0.252 G C. remains the same*
B. 0.252 x 10^-2 T D. becomes two times
C. 0.252 T*
D. 0.252 x 10^-2 G 92. A length of wire has a resistance of 10 ohms.
What is the resistance of a wire of the same
86. How many turns are needed to produce a material three times as long and twice the
magnetomotive force of 1000 A.t for a coil with cross-sectional area?
6 amperes? A. 30 ohms
A. 6000 turns B. 20 ohms
B. 600 turns C. 15 ohms*
C. 167 turns* D. 7 ohms
D. 67 turns
93. What is the SI unit of specific resistance or
87. A 6- V battery is connected across a solenoid of resistivity?
100 turns having a resistance of 2 fi, Calculate A. Ohm-circular mil per inch
the number of ampere turns? B. Ohm-circular mil per foot
A. 100 C. Ohm-m*
B. 50 D. Ohm-cm
C. 300 *
D. 600 94. The resistivity of a conductor with an
increase in temperature.

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A. increases*
B. decreases
C. remains the same
D. becomes zero
95. If two similar charges 1 coulomb each are
placed 1 m apart in air, then the force of
repulsion is
A. 8 × 10^6 N
B. 9 × 10 ^9 N*
C. 10^6 N
D. 5 × 10^6 N
96. What is another name for relative permittivity?
A. Dielectric strength
B. Electric intensity
C. Potential gradient
D. Dielectric constant*
97. If a wire coil has 10 turns and carries 500 mA
of current, what is the magnetomotive force in
ampere-turns?
A. 5000
B. 50
C. 5.0*
D. 0.5
98. If a wire coil has 100 turns and carries 1.30 A of
current, what is the magnetomotive force in
gilberts?
A. 130
B. 76.9
C. 164*
D. 61.0
99. The gauss is a unit of:
A. Overall magnetic field strength.
B. Ampere-turns.
C. . Magnetic flux density. *
D. Magnetic power
100. A unit of overall magnetic field quantity
is the:
A. Maxwell
B. Gauss*
C. Tesla
D. Ampere-turn

PREPARED BY: ENGR. CARMIE BASILLOTE 15