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1/ Gutman, Pamela, Ancient Arakan,Australian 10/ Qanungo,S.B. Dr. A History of Chittagong Vol I
National University(1976)P2/68-74 (1988) P.231-232.
2/ Epigraphia Indica xviii(1925)P333,vijayabahu I &Sifom&cdkifwefaqmifavm tvSbGJY&wkudktjcm;acwfjydKifpm
(c&p f1055-1110)onfPolannaruva uudkjrdKYawmfjyKí qdkawmfwpfOD;jzpfaom&SifawaZmom& upyfqdkaMumif;vnf;rluGJ
tkyfpdk;cJhonf/ rsm;&Sdygonf/
3/ Journal of the Ceylon Branchof Royal Asiatic 11/ &SK- 1 ? P.3
Society, vol II(1932) 12/ &SK- 10? P.232-233
4/ (u) Phayer A,C. On the History of Arakan, JASB 13/ &SK- 1? P.3
XIII(1944).A Pagan inscription dated to 1299AD. 14/ &SK 10 ? P.352
(c) xlyg&Hkbk&m;ausmufpm?ppfudkif;jrdKY(c&pf-1442) 15/ (u) Culavamsa XCIVS, P.15-16.
5/ &SK- 1? P I (c) Sasanavamsa, P.e.
6/ Hart.G.L.The Peoms of Ancient Tamil.Their Milieu (rSwfcsuf/jrefrmEdkiftjynfjynfqdkif&max&0g'Ak'¨omoemjyKwuúodkvf
and their Sanskrit counter parts(1975 P.16. zGihfyGJtcrf;tem;wGifoD&dvuFmor®wEdkifiHrSbmoma&;XmetwGif;
7/ Dravidian Etymological Dictionary (Oxford,1961) 0efMr.Nimal Samara Sundera udkf,fwdkifwufa&mufzwfMum;
8/ Hall.D.G.E.studies in Duth Relations with Arakan. onhfo0PfvTmüf Subsequently during the reign of King
JBRS,XXVI. P.I-10. WimaladharmasooriyaI,higher ordination of Sangha
9/ Mc Crindle, Ancient India as described by Ptolemy was taken to Sri Lanka from Myanmar which was then
(1885, Reprint 1927, Calcutta). Known as Arakan or Rekkhanga Desa. [kxifxif&Sm;
&Sm;azmjfyavSsmufwifcJhonfudkt*Fvdyf^jrefrm owif;pmrsm; wGif
awGY&ygonf)/

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