Lab File

Of
Electrical Energy Conservation

(ETEE – 454)

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology and

Management

Submitted to: Submitted by:

Mr. Chandan Kishore Akhil Kapoor
Assistant Professor 01215604916
EEE Department EEE-F5
 Experiment No 1. Conversion of electric energy to sound energy

Objective: To compute current present between microphone and capacitor

Transfer Function: I = (Vb/ R) * e-(t/RC)

Where;
I = Current required
Vb = Voltage Source
R = Resistance
t = Time
RC = Time constant

Requirement: Simulink Library Browser

Given Data:
Vb = 50 V
R = 10 ohm
t = 200 sec
RC = 0.01

Results: The amount of current required has been calculated by the simulation Matlab
function as X ampere
 Experiment No 2. Conversion of electric energy to sound energy
Objective: Calculate the Luminous flux generated by a bulb for a given amount of electrical
power consumed

Theory:

The luminous flux ΦV in lumens (lm) is equal to the power P in watts (W), times the
luminous efficacy η in lumens per watt (lm/W):

ΦV(lumens) = P(W) × η(lumens/W)

Further, for a Bulb having a resistance 360 ohm draws a current of 1/3 ampere, from an
electric supply of 120V; will have a wattage following the ohms law, i.e.;

V (Volt) = I(Ampere) * R(ohm)

Requirement: Simulink Library Browser

Given Data:

Η = 0.75

Results: The amount of luminous flux calculated by the simulation Matlab function for a
Bulb is X lumens
 Experiment No 3. Computing the mechanical force generated by a Hand
Blender when a given electrical energy is applied

Objective: To compute the rotational speed generated by a hand blender for a given electric
supply

Theory:

The operation of a DC motor is relatively straightforward. A coil is placed in a magnetic

field, and when an electric current passes through the coil, a torque is produced, causing the
motor to turn. The entire process is driven by applying electrical power to the coil, with the
source voltage having a direct relationship to the motor’s output speed. To understand this
relationship between voltage and speed, let’s look at a typical brushed dc motor circuit.

Fig 1. DC motor circuit

The applied voltage equals the voltage drop across the coil resistance, R, and the inductor, L,
plus the back-EMF.

Where:
V = applied voltage
I = current
R = resistance
L = inductance
E = back-EMF

The voltage equation can be simplified by assuming that the current is constant, in which
case inductance can be disregarded:

The back-EMF (electromotive force) is a voltage that is generated by the rotation of the coil.
It opposes the applied voltage, reducing the voltage flowing through the motor.  Back-EMF is
calculated as:
Where:

kE = electrical constant, inherent to the motor

ω = angular velocity of the motor
Substituting for E in the voltage equation, we get:

The current, I, through the motor coil is directly related to the motor’s torque:

Which can be rearranged as:

Where:
T = torque
kT = torque constant, inherent to the motor
Substituting for I, the voltage equation now becomes:

This shows the direct relationship between the applied voltage and the motor’s angular
velocity. Rearranging to solve for the angular velocity:

For DC motors, the torque and electrical constants, kT and kE, are equal, so the angular
velocity equation can be simplified to:

From this we can see that the motor’s maximum speed occurs when there’s no load (torque)
on the motor.

Rearranging for torque:

Similarly, maximum torque occurs when angular velocity is zero.

These two relationships can be seen in a typical DC motor’s torque-speed curve.
 Fig2. DC motor torque-speed curve

Requirement: Simulink Library Browser

Given Data:

V= 230 V
KT= KE= 0.7
I= 50 Ampere

Results: The rotational speed of a hand blender has been calculated by the simulation Matlab
function as X radian/sec.
Experiment No 4. Calculate the Heat Produced by household equipment by
consuming a given Electric Supply
Objective: To compute the thermal energy produced by an immersion heater, electric stove
and three 100 watt lamps for given electric supply

A consumer uses a 6 kW immersion heater, a 4 kW electric stove and three 100 watt lamps
for 10 hours. How many units (kWh) of electrical energy have been converted to heat or
thermal Energy?

Total power consumed in electrical term = Watt of kWatt.

Total Energy consumed in electrical terms = Power in watts x time in hours = kilowatt hours

Electrical supply authorities use the kWh as the unit for measuring electrical energy to
householders.

Further the heat or thermal energy is measured in terms of joule or the rate of heat transferred
is Watt (i.e. Joules/sec).

To measure heat, we have to measure the temperature of a body before heating (T1) and after
heating (T2)

Again; Q=mcΔT Q = mc Δ T,

where Q is the symbol for heat transfer,

m is the mass of the substance,
ΔT i.e. (T2-T1) is the change in temperature. 

Requirement: Simulink Library Browser

Given Data:

T1 for immersion heater is = 25° C

T1 for immersion stove is = 35° C
T1 for bulb is = 30° C

Results: The amount of heat generated by immersion heater, immersion stove and bulbs have
been calculated by the simulation Matlab function through calculation of final temperature,
i.e. T2 of the respective equipment
 Experiment No 5. Calculation of electric energy from solar energy

Objective: To Calculate Electrical Power from Solar Energy (Solar Photo Voltaic Cell)

The solar power is computed on the basis of light intensity, and the operating temperature
[12], under standard test condition; as its rated output power;

PPV= GC [1+k(TC− TSTC)] / GSTC

Where, PPV is the output power generated under STC (standard Temperature and pressure),
GSTC is the solar irradiance at STC, TSTC is standard temperature of the place; GC is the solar
irradiance of different hours, TC is the temperature corresponding to different hours, and, k is
the power temperature coefficient.

Requirement: Simulink Library Browser

Given Data:

TSTC = 25°C
K=1.5.

Results: The amount of electric power generated has been calculated by the simulation
Matlab function as PPV Watt.