Ministry of Higher Education

Kardan University
Geo Politics and Understanding Military Geography

Name: Assadullah Rashidy - Reg# 922-1904034

Class: MIR,

Subject: Geo Politics and Understanding Military Geography

Instructor: Professor Ghulam Habib Wardak

Review By: Assadullah Rashidy

Date of submission: Wednesday, January 29, 2020

Type of Assignment: Book Review

Book Name: The Magnificent Delusion

Author: Husain Haqqani

About the Author:
Husain Haqqani born July 1, 1956 in Karachi, is a Pakistani political author and the former Pakistan Ambassador to
the United States, appointed by Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani in April 2008, marking a return to government
service after being exiled in 1999 following criticisms against the government of the-President Pervez Musharraf.
Haqqani resigned on November 22, 2011.

Prior to serving as Ambassador to the United States, Haqqani held several high-ranking positions including as adviser
to three former Pakistani prime ministers and as envoy to Sri Lanka. In additions, Haqqani had been a prominent
journalist, scholar and educator. He is currently a Senior Fellow and Director for South and Central Asia at the
Hudson Institute in Washington, D.C. and co-editor of Hudson's signature journal Current Trends in Islamist Ideology.
Haqqani is also the Director of the Center of International Relations and a Professor of the Practice of International
Relations at Boston University.
He began his interest in journalism while in high school. In 1973 he joined Karachi University. He would frequently
visit the library at the U.S. consulate, reading volumes of American history. Later, when students wanted to attack
the consulate as part of a protest against the United States, Haqqani refused.

He received a B.A. degree with distinction in 1977 and an M.A. degree with distinction in international relations in
1980 from the University of Karachi.

Introduction/ Abstract:
The US-Pakistan relationship is based on mutual understanding and has always been. Pakistan - from the Americans'
point of view - has turned from a bizarre connection to a stabilizing friend, an indispensable military ally and a field
of terror. The United States - in Pakistan's view - is a security nuisance, a remote nuisance, a keen military, and now a
threat to national security and a source of contempt.
Countries do not merely disagree. Each believes he can play another game - with sometimes absurd, sometimes sad
results. The conventional narrative about the war in Afghanistan, for example, revolves around the Soviet invasion of
1979. But President Jimmy Carter signed the first permit to help the Pakistani-backed MEK on July 3 - almost six
months before the Soviets invaded Afghanistan. The Americans have been told, and would like to believe, that what
followed was the Charlie Wilson war for liberation of Afghanistan that it has embraced to this day. It wasn't. It was a
powerful regional game of General Zia Haq.

Hussein Haqqani has a unique insight into Pakistan, his homeland and the US, where he was ambassador and now a
professor at Boston University. His life has drawn the ties between the two countries, and he has often found himself
close to the heart of it, sometimes in highly controversial situations, and this has allowed him to write the story of a
vicious diplomatic love affair, here to remember it remains bare.

The Magnificent Delusion Book have 7 Chapters as follow: False Start, Chapter Two: Aid, Arms, and Bases Chapter

Three: A Split and a Tilt Chapter Four: Picking Up the Pieces, Chapter Five: A Most Superb and Patriotic Liar Chapter

Six: Denial and Double Game, Chapter Seven: Parallel Universes

Pakistan and US Relation – The Magnificent Delusion:

For the past two decades, US-Pakistani relations have often been described as America's most difficult foreign
relations. Although the two countries were nominal allies of Pakistan's independence in 1947, their relations were
never frictionless. Even at its height during the 1950s and 1960s, US-Pakistani partnerships were far from united by
shared values and interests. Instead, each of the two partners always faced different enemies and set different
expectations for their relationship. Pakistan's motive for uniting with the United States is its attempt to secure
security against its much larger neighbor, India. Pakistan has repeatedly turned to the United States as the most
important source of expensive weapons and economic aid. Although hoping for US support for Pakistani regional
goals, Pakistani leaders have assured US officials that they share US security concerns, Pakistan has repeatedly been
disappointed as the United States fears Pakistan's hegemony in India. South Asia is not shared. . On the other hand,
the United States also considered reasonable the prosecution that over time, helping Pakistan create security among
Pakistanis, thereby changing Pakistan's priorities and goals. The United States first shipped money and weapons to
Pakistan in hopes of creating a large military force that could help defend Asia against communism. Pakistan has
repeatedly failed to fulfill its promise to provide force for any of the wars fought by the United States against
communist forces, rather than using American weapons in its wars with India. In addition, the United States hopes to
persuade Pakistan to either surrender or limit its nuclear weapons program or prevent the use of jihadist militias as
proximity to regional conflicts in vain. Three US Presidents - Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B.
Johnson - They've asked the question: What do we want to help Pakistan? Five - Jimmy Carter, George H. W. Bush,
Bill Clinton, George W. Bush and Barack Obama - have wondered aloud whether Pakistani leaders can be trusted to
keep their say. In Pakistan, meanwhile, successive governments have spent a lot of time trying to figure out how to
maintain Pakistan's freedom of action while depending on US aid. But no country has changed its core policies, and
they have not given up hope that another will change. US-Pakistani relations are largely dependent on the cordial
relations of leaders and officials, often mistaken for each other's goals and limitations. While Pakistanis have often
taken advantage of Americans' desire to ignore history and focus only on immediate goals, Americans have often
assumed that building Pakistan's economic and military capacity will help them even after understanding a period of
America's sphere of influence has both sides. Intertwined stereotypes trace back to Pakistan's emergence as an
independent state. At that time, shortly after the emergence of Britain's bloody Indian party in 1947, Pakistani
leaders faced an uncertain future for their new country. When most of the world was indifferent to Pakistan as a
potential homeland for South Asian Muslims, India made Pakistan an enemy without compromise. For this reason,
shortly after independence, the founding fathers of Pakistan, with the encouragement of some British geostrategists,
will continue to pursue the great legacy they have inherited, even if the new nation cannot afford to spend its
resources and Did not immediately do. Face an obvious security threat. With Pakistan at the crossroads of the
Middle East and South Asia and its proximity to the Soviet Union, Pakistanis thought the United States would be
interested in securing and arming the new country. Therefore, the divide of expectations between American and
Pakistani leaders whose relations have evolved over the past sixty-five years must be clear at the outset, when the
father of Pakistan's founder and its first governor-general, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, called for unity. In September
1947, the United States provided $ 2 billion in aid, but the United States provided Pakistan with only $ 10 million in
its first year. International Relations thinkers like Hans J. Morgenthau and George Kenan do not recognize Pakistan's
value to the United States. Moreover, Pakistan's primary concern, competing with India for influence in the region,
was not a strategic concern for the United States. But after Dwight D. Eisenhower was elected president in 1952, his
secretary of state, John Foster Dales, accepted the idea that Pakistan could influence the division of US strategic
concerns in exchange for weapons and aid.
Due primarily to geopolitical considerations, the United States has registered Pakistan as a ally on three occasions:
during the Cold War (1974-1994), the war against the Soviet Union in Afghanistan (1919-1919), and the war on terror
( 2001 - present). In each instance, the United States' motivation to seek Pakistan's alliance was different from
Pakistan's reasons for accepting it. For example, after the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, the United States saw an
opportunity to avenge the Vietnam War, and the Soviet Army, with the help of the Mujahideen, militant Islamist
radicals trained by the Intelligence Service of Pakistan (ISI). And it is funded through the United States, bleeding.
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). However, Pakistan saw military action in Afghanistan as a jihad used as a backdrop
for asymmetric warfare that increased its influence against India.
Americans are mistaken in their dealings with Pakistan as well as their overall foreign policy. Pakistan has benefited
from its relationship with the United States and will benefit even more if it overcomes false assumptions about
national security and its role in the world. Instead of seeking close security relations on the basis of false promises,
Pakistan must face its history and diversity honestly and should not depend on and be angry with the world's most
powerful nation. As Pakistani ambassador to the United States from 2008 to 2011, Mr Haqqani has sought to
overcome the bitterness of the past to help build long-term partnerships. He studied the relationships and
relationships between the United States and its partners to understand why virtually all of the US allies have gained
prosperity through this partnership since World War II, while Pakistan does so. Is not. But key centers of power in
Pakistan resisted his view of broader US-Pakistani cooperation rooted in mutual trust. Instead of praising his efforts
to redefine US-Pakistani relations by honestly assessing past mistakes, the Pakistani security services saw Mr.
Haqqani working for American interests, not Pakistani interests. Through the media that he had falsely accused the
CIA of expanding its spy network in Pakistan, Mr Haqqani has distorted statements about the nature of his past
relationship dealer in a way that shows he is a Pakistani beggar. Has described. Eventually he was forced to resign
because of fake allegations that he had sought help from a suspected American businessman of Pakistani origin to
prevent the coup. But his compatriots' inclination for the worst belief about his ambassador reflects a deeper
pathology. Instead of establishing international relations based on facts, Pakistanis have become accustomed to
seeing the world through the charter of an Islamic-nationalist ideology. Even Pakistani, enchanted and articulate
Pakistani officials reiterate this ideology without realizing that being strong against these self-defeating ideas has
little impact on the rest of the world. The gap is widening between how Pakistanis and the rest of the world view
Pakistan. In a way, it seems that half-time, limited-time transactions, rather than honest talks about common
interests, are the default pattern in US-Pakistani relations. For example, as mentioned, Mr. Haqqani found the two
countries to achieve very different results in Afghanistan. Mr. Haqqani fears that the prospect of their union may
once again lead to evil. The resurgence of democracy in Pakistan provides the hope that someday Pakistanis will be
able to realistically discuss their national interests and change their national priorities to more closely align with US
goals. However, alienation from the United States will be inevitable if the propaganda and political strategies of the
powerful Pakistani army continue. In addition, Pakistanis are unlikely to shift their priorities just as part of the US
arms and arms deal. In addition, both countries are mistaken in assuming that even though they act in reciprocal
purposes, they will eventually succeed in persuading others of their respective viewpoints.
Since its independence in 1947, Pakistan has been discussing its research. A powerful, vocal minority insists that it
was created to create an Islamic state, a semi-ruling theocracy based on religious principles that is regulated by
those who support it. And in response to Pakistan's insecurity over India and the fear of this enormous neighbor if it
returns politically to Pakistan, many modern-day generals, judges, and educated politicians have embraced this
Islamic paradigm. For this reason, Pakistan's short history as a country has witnessed the demise of many secularists
as foreign partners and enemies of national ideology. In addition, it has not been able to sustain the economic
growth that has been enhanced by working with the United States and stopping only in foreign times. Pakistanis
have rarely wondered why, after six decades of alliance with the United States, it has failed to create an economy
that other US allies such as South Korea and Taiwan have been able to create. American critics of Pakistan point out
that Pakistan has always pursued its agenda, which is seldom in line with US interests, yet repeatedly seeks US
assistance and weapons without compromising its commitment to achieving this. It helps, it sustains. As a result, the
list of American complaints is long: Pakistan developed nuclear weapons while promising the United States it would
not. The United States assisted in the training and training of the Mujahideen against the Soviet Union during the
1980s, but Pakistan decided to provide these militias well-armed and sufficiently, even after the Soviet withdrawal in
1989, from the American point of view. Pakistan's crackdown on terrorist groups, especially after 9/11, is at best
halfhearted. Relations between the United States and Pakistan show exaggerated expectations, broken promises,
and catastrophic misunderstandings. The discovery of Osama bin Laden in Pakistan in May 2011 further and
dramatically convinced Americans of the hope that Pakistan is united, though it has its own concerns and problems.
Many have argued that radical Islam, the Pakistani military and US-Pakistan relations have shaped Pakistan's history
and spent most of its life at the intersection of these three important elements. Mr. Haqqani, as a Pakistani, feels
that his country cannot depend on foreign factors for its survival and prosperity and that his countrymen must
abandon their contradictory narratives and face the harsh realities of recent history. On the contrary, Americans
need to know that their policies toward Pakistan have neither helped the United States nor the Pakistani people.
Based on My own understanding and reading the book, Both US and Pakistan has their own favor, Purpose, Target
and strategical vision in the region. US provided financial and military support to Pakistan from its establishment to
now for being a US close alien and project implementer in South and Central Asia to back up US interest counter
Communism after the post-cold war era ,Terrorism after 9/11 and Chines Economical Hegemony in the current and
future . US help billions of dollars and many military equipment packages to well protect US interest in Afghanistan
and neighboring countries. Pakistan is playing triple game to accommodate their own needs and follow their own
interest from the US Financial and military aids for having a well-equipped, trained and powerful military and
intelligence forces in the region to counter India power hegemony.
Pakistan –India, Pakistan through providing financial source, equipment, training, providing safe heaven and venues
to Islamic radical groups such as Lashkare Taiba, Lashkare Jangawi, Tahrek Taliban Pakistan and tens of other groups
to target India interest in Afghanistan, Kashmir and India.
Pakistan –Afghanistan is following its own interest in Afghanistan through ideological perspective in Madrassas ,
brain washing supporting ,accommodating, providing safe heavens along the Durran Line for Islamic Emirates of
Afghanistan, Haqani Network , ISIS and Al Qaeeda(the brilliant evidence in this regard is hiding Osama Ibne Laden in
Abbottabad ,who was targeted by US in early 2011) by targeting infrastructure , Bridges, Water dams, electricity
pillars public facilities, schools, Hospital, International organization, Afghan Military forces, US and NATO troops,
Diplomatic agencies , supplies and Facilities to bring pressure on Afghanistan and US forces for 3 reasons . First
Pakistan want to a stooge government in Afghanistan, Second demand of Pakistan for Afghanistan, instable, insecure
poor economy to be a good market for Pakistan products and always accept Pakistani demand, last demand,
Pakistan finally want Afghanistan to be very weak state in its neighboring to follow its strategy in the region and
helps its territorial expansionism in Afghanistan as the situation in Afghanistan is not stable Pakistani troops
grabbing Afghan Soil/land along the Duran line day by day, while Afghanistan is claiming its territory until the Atack
river which is located between Peshawar- Islamabad , the mentioned border division was happened a century ago
between British India and Afghanistan.
Pakistan –US ,Pakistan Government policy is to earn more Financial and military Aids and support apparently for
providing intelligence information for US and work closely as a counterpart against the Soviet Union in the past and
terrorism in the current. While Pakistan was not an honest partner during the post-cold war era, countering the
Soviet Union during the invasion of Afghanistan and the war against terror. US suppling military equipment for
Pakistan to deliver it for Afghan Mujahedeen to fight against the Russia invasion but Pakistan was not delivering to
Afghan Mujahedeen instead the old weapons of Pak military. The Financial packages were not reaching to Afghan
Mujahedeen as well as it was. During the war against terror Pakistan received billions of US dollars to eliminate the
Taliban but Pakistan instead of truly fight and support the US against the Taliban and Haqani, contrary to US and
NATO expectation Pakistan support ,train and hide top Taliban and Haqani , Al Qaeda leaders and provided safe
heaven for The Taliban , Al Qaeda and Haqani. What Pakistan did was suppression of Pushtuns and Baloch in tribal
areas along the Duran line, who supposedly claim one day their independence from Pakistan. While US demand from
Pakistan was real and practical cooperation for war against Communism and terror.
Over all US –PAK relation is broken and instable because of Pakistan double dealing in the regional power play, an
important aspect/ Factor of Pakistan double acting is the ISI role in Pakistan government system. Even Pakistan Civil
government is promising and want to be good with the international community and US but ISI only following its
own agenda in the region.