IES-MASTER-EC-SET-A-2020 (Gate2016.info)

ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING
SET-A
Detailed Solution
1. A single phase full wave rectifier uses If the transistor is biased at VGS = 3V, the
semiconductor diodes. The transformer unity gain bandwidth of an FET will be
voltage is 35 V rms to center tap. The load (a) 626 MHz (b) 646 MHz
consists of a 40F capacitor in parallel with
(c) 663 MHz (d) 683 MHz
a 250 resistor. The diode and transformer
Ans. (c)
resistances and leakage reactance are
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neglected. If the power line frequency is 50 Sol. Given that, kn = 0.25 mA/V2
Hz, the dc current in the circuit will be VTN = 1V,   0
(a) 132 mA (b) 144 mA
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Cgd = 0.04 pF and Cgs = 0.2 pF
(c) 156 mA (d) 168 mA and VGS = 3V
Ans. (a) We know that,
Sol. As we knowT Idc
Unity gain bandwidth (fT) =
gm
2  Cgs  Cgd 
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Dc output = Vdc = Vm 
4fc
and gm = 2kn (VGS – VT)
As in question, Vdc = Idc × R = 250 Idc
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= 2 × 0.25 × 10–3(3 – 1)
Vm = 35 2 V gm = 1 × 10–3
3
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Idc 1  10
  fT = 12
So, Idc× 250 = 35 2 V 2  0.04  0.2   10
 4  50  40  10 
6
fT = 663 MHz
 Idc[375] = 35 2 4. The voltage gain of CE amplifier circuit
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can be approximated for an ideal input ac

35 2 source and is given by
 Idc = = 0.13199 mA
375
re
(a) A Vs  R  R
2. Silicon dioxide (SiO2) is used in ICs, because  C L
it
re
(a) Facilitates the penetration of diffusants (b) A Vs  
 RC  R L 
(b) Has high heat conduction
 RC  R L 
(c) Prevents diffusion of impurities (c) A Vs  
re
(d) Controls the concentration of diffusants
 RC  RL 
Ans. (c) (d) A Vs  
re
Sol. Silicon dioxide (SiO2) is used in ICs because
it prevents diffusion of impurities. Where: RL = Load resistance
RC = Collector resistance
3. Consider an n-channel MOSFET with
parameters Kn = 0.25 mA/V2 , VTN = 1V, re = Effective resistance at input of
 = 0, Cgd = 0.04 pF and Cgs = 0.2 pF transistor from emitter resistance RE
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ENGINEERING
Detailed Solution
Ans. (c) 7. If an op-amp having specified signal
Sol. Voltage gain of CE amplifier circuit: bandwidth (BW) of 1 MHz and closed loop
gain A CL = 200 V/mV, the cut-off
frequency fc will be
Av s  
 RC  R L 
re (a) 25 Hz (b) 15 Hz
(c) 5 Hz (d) 1 Hz
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where
Ans. (c)
RL = load resistance
Sol. Given, signal bandwidth (BW) = 1 MHz
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RC = collector resistance
Closed loop gain (ACL) = 200 V/mV
re = effective resistance at input of BW
 Cut-off frequency (fc) = A
5.
T
transistor from emitter resistance RE.
The advantage of using a class-B push pull

6
1  10 Hz
CL

1000
Hz
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= 3 200
transistor amplifier over a class-A push pull 200 V / 10 V
transistor amplifier is fc = 5 Hz
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(a) A negligible power loss at no input

signal 8. If the bias current in the IC-741 op-amp
is IQ = 19 A and the internal frequency
(b) Harmonic distortion is lower
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compensation capacitor C1 = 30pF, the

(c) Self bias can be used slew rate of the op-amp will be nearly
(d) Supply voltages have good regulation (a) 1.58 V s (b) 1.26 V s
Ans. (a)
(c) 0.93 V s (d) 0.63 V s
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Sol. Class-B push pull transistor amplifier has

a negligible power loss at no input signal. Ans. (a)
Sol. Given, IQ = 19 × 10–6 A
6. The overall decibel (dB) voltage gain of a
Compensation capacitor (C1) = 30 pF
multistage amplifier is
12
C1 30  10
(a) The dB voltage gain of the first stage  Slew rate = I = V / sec
6
Q 19  10
(b) The product of the dB voltage gains of
Slew rate = 1.58 V/µsec
the individual stages
(c) The sum of the dB voltage gains of the 9. Which one of the following statements
individual stages regarding slew rate is correct?
(d) The dB voltage gain of the last stage (a) It signifies how rapidly the output
of an op-amp can change in response
Ans. (c) to changes in the frequency of the
Sol. The overall decibel (dB) voltage gain of a input signal
multistage amplifier is the sum of the dB (b) It does not change with change in
voltage gains of the individual stages. voltage gain
ENGINEERING
Detailed Solution
(c) It should be smaller for high speed op- Iph Iph e
amp applications (a) (b) P hc 
Po o  
(d) It is not fixed for an op-amp
Po Po  hc  
Ans. (a) (c) I (d)
ph Iph e
Sol. Slew rate signifies how rapidly the output
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of an op-amp can change in response to Where Iph = Average photocurrent
change in the frequency of the input signal. Po = Average incident optical power
10. Which one of the following is correct for an hc  = Incident photon energy
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ideal operational amplifier?
Ans. (b)
(a) Input resistance R i =  , output
Sol. The quantum efficiency  of photo-
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resistance Ro = 0 and bandwidth = 0
(b) Input resistance R i = 0, output
resistance Ro =  and bandwidth = 0
detector:
electron sec
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
(c) Input resistance R i =  , output photon sec
resistance Ro = 0 and bandwidth = 
current charge of one electron
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(d) Input resistance R i = 0, output 

total power of photons energy of one photon
resistance Ro = 0 and bandwidth = 
Ans. (c) Iph e

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P0  hc  
Sol. For ideal operational amplifier:
Input resistance (Ri) =  , 13. According to Kirchhoff’s voltage law, the
Output resistance (Ro) = 0, algebraic sum of all the voltage in any
closed loop of a network is always
Bandwidth (BW) = 
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(a) Negative (b) Positive

11. The advantage of ILD over LED is (c) Zero
(a) ILD emits incoherent light where as (d) Determined by the battery emf
LED emits coherent light
Ans. (c)
(b) In ILD it is difficult to couple light
whereas in LED it is easy to couple light Sol. According to Kirchoff’s voltage law, the
alegebraic sum of all the voltage in any
(c) In ILD coupling loss is more whereas in closed loop of a network is always zero.
LED coupling loss is less
(d) ILD emits coherent light whereas LED 14. Ohm’s law is applicable to
emits incoherent light (a) DC circuit only
Ans. (d) (b) AC circuit only
Sol. The advantage of ILD over LED is ILD (c) DC circuit as well as AC circuit,
emits coherent light whereas LED emits provided account is taken of the
incoherent light. induced emf resulting from the self-
inductance of circuit in cross section of
12. The quantum efficiency  for the photo circuit
detector is
ENGINEERING
Detailed Solution
(d) DC circuit as well as AC circuit, (a) Maximum value to RMS value
provided account is taken of the induced (b) RMS value to maximum value
emf resulting from mutual inductance
of circuit and of the distribution of (c) RMS value to average value
current in corss section of circuit. (d) Maximum value to average value
Ans. (d) Ans. (d)
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Sol. Ohm’s law is applicable to DC circuit as Sol. Crest factor for an alternating current
well as AC circuit, provided account is taken source is the ratio of maximum value to
of induced emf resulting from the mutual average value.
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inductance of the circuit and of the
distribution of current in cross-section of 17. A 200 kVA, 3300/240 V, 50Hz single phase
circuit. transformer has 80 turns on the secondary
15. T
A car having an axle of 2m length is
travelling with 72 km/h at a vertical
winding. Assuming an ideal transformer
the primary current I1 and secondary
current I2 on full load are nearly
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component of the earth’s magnetic field of (a) 60.6 A and 833 A
40 Wb m2 , the emf generated in the axle
(b) 72.2 A and 833 A
of a car will be
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(c) 60.6 A and 720 A

(a) 1.2 mV (b) 1.6 mV
(d) 72.2 A and 720 A
(c) 2.2 mV (d) 2.6 mV
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Ans. (a)
Ans. (b)
Sol. Given, 220 kVA
Sol. length of car axle,   2 m
3300/240 V, 50 Hz
Speed of car = 72 (km/h)
1   transformer
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Magnetic flux density, B  40 Wb / m  2

 Ns(secondary turns) = 80
To evaluate the generated emf Assuming ideal transformer, to evaluate

I1 & I2 i.e. primary & secondary currents
We know generated emf
For a transformer, we know
E  BV V (By MMF balance equation)
B  Magnetic flux density V1 N1 I2
  ...(1)
  length of axle V2 N 2 I1
v  velocity of car where 1  for primary
6
40  10  2  72  1000 2  for secondary
E
3600
3300 80

E  1.6 mV 240 N2
16. Crest factor for an alternating current N2 = 5.81  6

source is the ratio of So, rated primary current
ENGINEERING
Detailed Solution
S = VI 19. Two capacitors of 80F and 50F are
3
200  10 connected in series. When 200 V at 50 Hz
I1   60.6A
3300 are applied across the series circuit, the
Again by using (1) maximum energy stored in the circuit will
be
I1 V1 3300
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I2   60.6   833.25 A (a) 0.63 J (b) 1.23 J
V2 240
(c) 2.66 J (d) 3.26 J
I1  60.6A
Ans. (a)
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So, I2  833.25A
Sol. Given,
18. Consider the following data regarding the C1 = 80µF
motor:
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name plate of 1-phase, 4-pole induction C2 = 50µF
these are connected in series.
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Output = 373 W; 230V, frequency = 50Hz, C1  C2
input current = 2.9 A, power factor = 0.71, so Ceq = C  C  30.77F
1 2
speed = 1410 rpm. The efficiency of motor
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will nearly The energy stored in capacitor when 50Mz

200V is applied is given by
(a) 72.8 % (b) 78.8 %
1
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(c) 84.4 % (d) 88.4 % E= Ceq V 2

2
Ans. (b)
1 2
Sol. Given, =  30.77  10 6   200 
2
1-phase, 4-pole induction motor = 0.6154 J
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Output = 373 W; 230V, frequency = 50Hz  0.63 J

Input current = 2.9A
20. In a 4-pole dynamo the flux/pole is 15
Power factor = 0.71 mWb. If armature is driven at 600 rpm
the average emf induced in one of the
Speed = 1410 rpm
armature conductors will be
 =?
(a) 0.3 V (b) 0.4 V
Pout
Efficiency,  = P  100 (c) 0.5 V (d) 0.6 V
in
Ans. (a)
For 1-phase  Pin = VI cos 
Sol. Given, 4 pole dynamo; a dynamo is a DC
= 230 × 2.9 × 0.71 generator
Pin  473.57 W Flux/pole = 15 mWb

Speed = 600 rpm
Pout 373
For     100  78.76% To evaluate average emf induced in one
Pin 473.5%
of the armature conductors for a dc
  78.8% generator, generated voltage
ENGINEERING
Detailed Solution
NPZ Power dissipated in coil R1 = 1500 W
E
60A V2
we know, P =
A  no. of parallel paths R
Z  No. of conductors 2002
 R1 =  26.67(ohm)
P  poles 1500
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N  speed V 200
and R1||R2 =   13.33 
So generated voltage per conductor T 15
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E NP 1 1 1
  
Z 60A R1 R2 13.33
So, A = 2 T
Assuming wave connected winding, R2  26.67 
R1  26.67  and R2  26.67 

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E 600  4  15  103

Z 60  2 22. The value of total potential difference
created between the electodes, when the
E
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 0.3 V cell is not connected to an external circuit

Z
is known as its
21. Two coils are connected in parallel and a (a) Electromotive force
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voltage of 200 V is applied to the terminals. (b) Electrostatic force

The total current taken is 15 A and the
power dissipated in one of the coils is 1500 (c) Electromagnetic force
W, the resistance of each coil will be nearly (d) Electrochemical force
(a) 26.7 and 23.4 Ans. (a)
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Sol.
(b) 22.4  and 23.4 
Electromotive force is the electrical
(c) 26.7 and 26.7 potential produced by non-electrical
(d) 22.4  and 26.7  source such as chemical, mechanical. So
when electrodes are open, then total
Ans. (c) potential developed is electromotive force
Sol. (EMF).
IT
+ 23. The cells are connected in two rows in
parallel to pass a current of 6A through
200 V R1 R2 an external rersistance 0.7  . If the
electromotive force of each cell is 2.1 volts
–
and internal resistance 0.5  , the
Given:
minimum number of cells will be
IT = 15A
(a) 10 cells (b) 12 cells
V = 200 V
(c) 14 cells (d) 16 cells
ENGINEERING
Detailed Solution
Ans. (c) 24. Which of the following are the active
Sol. materials of a lead acid cell?
Let n total cells are used, then each row 1. Lead peroxide (PbO2) for positive plate
n 2. Sponge lead (Pb) for negative plate
will have cell.
2 3. Concentrated sulphuric acid (H2SO4)
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Total emf in a row as electrolyte
n 4. Dilute Sulphuric acid (H 2SO 4 ) as

=  (Emf of one cell)
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2 electrolyte
2.1 (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 1, 2 and 4 only

 n
2
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Total resistance in a row 24.
(c) 1 and 3 only
(b)
(d) 2 and 4 only
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n 0.5 Sol.  The material used in a cell which takes
=   resistance of cell  = n
2 2 active participation in a chemical
reaction during charging or,
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Voltage across external resistance

discharging is called the active
= 0.7 × 6 = 4.2 V material of the cell.
by kVL we can say,
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 The active elements of the lead-acid

cells are :
2.1 0.5 6
n   n     4.2 1. Lead peroxide (PbO2) : form positive
2 2 2
plate
1.05 n – 0.75 n = 4.2
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2. Sponge lead (Pb) : form negative plate

n  14 3. Dilute sulphuric acid (H2SO4) : used
as an electrolyte, contains 31% of
so total no. of cells = 14 H2SO4.
as resistance and voltage in both branches
are same. So, current will be devided 25. Which of the following materials are used
equally. for high-technology applications?
IL = 6A 1. Semi conductors
2. Bio materials
IL IL
r 3. Smart materials
2 2
e (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only
RL = 0.7 (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
25. (d)
Sol.  Materials that are used in high-
technology application are termed as
ENGINEERING
Detailed Solution
advanced materials. These are the The edge dislocation can glide only on a
materials whose properties have been surface that contains both the Burgers
advanced and hence high performance vector and the t-vector.
materials. It can be a metal, ceramics,
polymers etc. They are expensive. 28. The critical stress c for crack propagation
in a brittle material, using the principles of
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 High technology materials include
fracture mechanics is
semiconductors, biomaterials, smart
materials and nano-materials. 1 1
 2E s  2  3E s  2
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(a)   (b)  
26. The theoretical density  for the crystal  2   2 
structure of a metallic solid as 1 1
 2E s  2  3E s  2
nVC
(a) AN
A
T nN A
(b) AV
C
(c) 
 a 
 (d) 
Where: E = Modulus of elasticity

 a 

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nA nAN A
(c) V N (d)  s = Specific surface energy
C A VC
 = one half the length of an internal crack
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Where: n = number of atoms associated

with each unit cell Ans. (c)
VC = Volume of unit cell Sol. Crack propagates if applied stress is above
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A = Atomic weight critical stress c (it is the stress required

NA = Avogadro’s number for crack propagation in brittle materials).
Mathematically,
Ans. (c)
12
Sol. The density '  ' for the crystal structure of  2E s 
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c   
a metallic solid is given by  a 
NA E = Modulus of elasticity


VC  N A  s = Specific surface energy
a = one half length of internal crack
27. A circular dislocation loop has edge
character all round the loop and this 29. Ceramic materials are
dislocation can glide only on a surface that
(a) Organic and metallic
contains
(b) Inorganic and metallic
(a) Burgers vector
(c) Inorganic and non metallic
(b) Both burgers vector and t vector
(d) Organic and non metallic
(c) t vector
Ans. (c)
(d) No vector
Sol. (b) Sol. A ceramic material is an inorganic, non-
metallic material.
ENGINEERING
Detailed Solution
30. Which of the following point are important  BaTiO 3 and lead zirconate titanate
on the viscosity scale in the fabrication and (PZT) are widely used as sensors and
processing of glasses? actuators. They are also used in energy
harvesting devices.
1. Softening point
2. Working point 32. The detailed information regarding the
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mechanism of fracture is available from
3. Melting point microscopic examination, normally using
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only scanning electron microscopy, and its study
is termed as
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(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
(a) Microscopic (b) Fractographic
Ans. (d)
(c) Atroscopic (d) Nanoscopic
Sol.
T
On viscosity scale, important points in the
fabrication and processing of glasses are :
1. Melting point : corresponds to this
Ans. (b)
33. A transformer core is wound with a coil

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temperature the glass is fluid enough carrying an alternating current at a
to be considered a liquid. frequency of 50 Hz. The magnetization is
uniform throughout the core volume of
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2. Working point : represents the

0.01m3, the hysteresis loop has an area of
temperature at which the glass is easily
60,000 units when the axes are drawn in
deformed. units of 10–4 Wbm–2 and 102 Am-1. The
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3. Softening point : the maximum power loss due to hysteresis will be

temperature at which a glass piece may (a) 200 W (b) 250 W
be handled without causing significant
(c) 300 W (d) 350 W
dimensional alterations.
Ans. (c)
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4. Annealing point : temperature at

which atomic diffusion is sufficiently Sol. Energy lost in hysteresis, per unit volume,
rapid that any residual stresses may be = Area of hysteresis loop
removed easily. = 60000 × 10–4 × 10+2 Jm–3
5. Strain point : for temperature below = 600 Jm–3
the strain point, fracture will occur
before the onset of plastic deformation. So, power loss due to hysteresis
 Energy lost per unit 
31. Which one of the following is commonly used
piezolectric ceramics? Ph = volume of core
time
(a) Yttrium oxide (Y2O3)
600  0.01  1
(b) Boron carbide (B4C)
 1   T  f 
=  
(c) Barium titanate (BaTiO3)  50 
(d) Tungsten carbide (WC) = 600 × 0.01 × 50
Ans. . (c) = 300 W
Sol.  Barrium titanate (BaTiO3) is commonly i.e. Option (c)
used piezoelectric ceramics.
ENGINEERING
Detailed Solution
34. In a 440 V, 50 Hz transformer, the total by eq. (1) 4Pe2  2Ph1  2300 ...(3)
iron loss is 2300 W. When the applied
On solving (3) and (2)
voltage is 220V at 25 Hz, the total iron loss
is 750 W. The eddy current loss at the Pe2  400 W
normal voltage and frequency will be
Ph2  750 W
(a) 1600 W (b) 1400 W
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(c) 1200 W (d) 1000 W So at normal voltage and frequency
Ans. (a) Pe1  4Pe2 = 4 × 400
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Sol. Given, at 440 V, 50 Hz, transformer
Pe1  1600 W
Total iron loss = 2300 W
at 220 V, 25 Hz,
T
Total iron loss = 750 W
To evaluate the eddy current loss at normal
35. Type-I classified superconducting
materials on the basis of magnetic
response are completely in diamagnetic
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state where magnetic field is excluded
voltage & frequency. from the body of material due to the
Total iron loss = hystresis loss + eddy phenomenon, known as
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current loss (a) Anisotropic effect

V (b) Meissner effect
also, = constant in both cases,
f
(c) Magnetic effect
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 440 220 
 50  25  (d) Electrical effect
 
Ans. (b)
eddy current loss Pe  V 2 Sol. The Meissner effect is the expulsion of a
magnetic field from a superconductor
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V2 during its transition to the

hystersis loss, Pn 
f superconducting state.
2
 V2  36. Which of the following statements are
So, Pe2  Pe1 .   correct for superconductors?
 V1 
1. A substance loses its electrical
2
V  f  resistance below certain temperature.
Ph2  Ph1 .  2   1 
 V1   f2  2. Superconducting elements have
greater electrical resistivity at room
Pe1 temperature
Pe2 
4 3. On adding impurities to super
conducting elements its transition
 Ph 
Ph   1  temperature is increased
2  2
  (a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 2 only
Ph1  Pe1  2300 ...(1) (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 2 and 3 only
Ph1  Pe2  750 Ans. (c)

...(2)
ENGINEERING
Detailed Solution
Sol. A superconductor exhibit zero resistance Rm = 100 
below certain temperature known as
transition temperature. 100
Hence, Rsh =
More-over on adding impurities, increases 100  1
the transition temperature.
100
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=  1.01 
37. Which one of the following is composed of 99
two characteristics: conformity and the
number of significant figures to which a 39. Which of the following methods are used
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measurement may be made? for producing damping torque in analog
instruments?
(a) Sensitivity (b) Resolution
1. Air friction damping
Ans. (d)
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(c) Accuracy (d) Precision
2. Fluid friction damping
3. Eddy current damping
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Sol. Conformity : It is the characteristics which
determine the precision. 4. Electromagnetic damping
Significant figures ; The number of (a) 1, 2 and 3 only
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meaningful digits used to express a (b) 1, 2 and 4 only

numerical value is called significant figures.
The measured value should be expressed in (c) 1, 3 and 4 only
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more number of significant figures because (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

the more significant figures means higher
Ans. (d)
the precision.
Sol. For PMMC : eddy current damping
38. A 1-mA meter movement with an internal For M.I type : Air-friction damping
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resistance of 100 is to be converted into a

For electrostatic voltmeter: fluid friction
0-100 mA ammeter. The value of shunt
resistance will be damping
For Galvanometer: Electromagnetic
(a) 2.41  (b) 2.01 
damping
(c) 1.41  (d) 1.01 
40. Which of the following methods are used
Ans. (d) for measurement of low resistance?
Sol. As we know that 1. Ammeter voltmeter method
2. Kelvin’s double bridge method
Rm I
Rsh = , m= I 3. Maxwell’s bridge method
m 1 m
4. Potentiometer method
Here, Im = 1 m.A
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
I = 100 mA
(b) 1, 2 and 4 only
I (c) 1, 3 and 4 only
m = I = 100
m (d) 2, 3 and 4 only
ENGINEERING
Detailed Solution
Ans. (b)
1 = A 1  s   BS
Sol. For measurement of low resistance, methods
used are Putting S = 0 on both side
(i) Ammeter-voltmeter method 1 = A(1) + 0
(ii) Kelvin’s double bridge method. A 1
RR
41. A thermometer reads 95.45°C and the static 1
S= 
correction given in the correction curve is – 
0.08°C. The true value of temperature will
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1 = A  O  Bx  1 
be
(a) 95.37 °C (b) 95.45 °C B  
Ans. (a)
T
(c) 95.65 °C (d) 95.73 °C
S s 
1


s 1  s
ASS
True value of temperature
1 
At = Am + C = s   1   s
 
MA
(where, Am is meter reading, and C 1 1

is static correction) = 
s s 1 
At = 95.45°C + (–0.08°C) = 95.37°C
Taking inverse laplace
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42. Unit step response of first order system with

transfer function 
S(t) = 1  e
t 

Ut
1
G s   is 43. What are the advantages of resistance
1  s potentiometer?
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(a) 1  e t 
(b) 1  e t  1. They are inexpensive
2. They are useful for measurement of
(c) 1  et 
(d) 1  et  large amplitudes of displacement
Ans. (a) 3. Their electrical efficiency is very high
Sol. Given, and they provide sufficient output to
permit control operations without
1 further amplification
Transfer function G(s) =
1  s (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only
1 1 (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
Unit step response S(s) = s 1  s 
Ans. (d)
Using partial fraction Sol. Following are the advantages of resistance
1 1 A B potentiometer L:
 = 
s 1  s S 1  s 1. They are inexpensive.
1 A 1  s   Bs 2. They are simple to operate.
s 1  s  = s 1  s 
ENGINEERING
Detailed Solution
3. They are very useful for measurement 45. Which of the following line telemetry
of large amplitudes of displacement. systems are available?
4. Their electrical efficiency is very high 1. Voltage telemetry system
and it does not require further 2. Current telemetry systems
amplification.
3. Positions telemetry systems
RR
44. What are the salient features of 4. Resistive telemetry systems
thermistors? (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 1, 2 and 4 only
1. They are compact, rugged and (c) 1, 3 and 4 only (d) 2, 3 and 4 only
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inexpensive
Ans. (*)
2. They have good stability when properly
aged 46. A platinum thermometer has a resistance
T
3. The response time of thermistors can
vary from a fraction of a second to
of 100 at 25 °C. The resistance at 65°C
for its resistance temperature co-efficient
ASS
minutes, depending on the size of the of 0.00392/°C will be nearly
detecting mass and thermal capacity of
(a) 107.3  (b) 115.7 
the thermistor
MA
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only (c) 123.3  (d) 131.7 
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Ans. (b)
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Ans. (d) Sol.

Sol. Following are the salient features of Rt = Ro 1  t 

thermistors :
1. They are compact, rugged and  100 = R o 1  0.00392  25 
inexpensive.
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 R0 = 91.074 
2. They have good stability when properly
aged. Now, R65°C = 91.074 (1 + 0.00392 × 65)
3. The response time of thermistors can = 114.28 
vary from a fraction of a second to
minutes,. depending on the size of the 47. The capacitive transducer works on the
detecting mass and thermal capacity principle of change of capacitance which
of the thermistor. may be caused by change in
4. The upper operating limit of 1. Dielectric constant

temperature is dependent on physical 2. Overlapping area of plates
changes in the material. The lower
3. Distance between the plates
temperature limit of temperature is
determined by the resistance reaching (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only
such a high value that it cannot be (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
measured by standard method.
Ans. (d)
5. They can be installed at a distance from
Sol. The capacitive transducer uses the
their asociated measuring circuit if
following three effects.
elements of high resistance are used.
ENGINEERING
Detailed Solution
1. Variation in capacitance of transducer (a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 3 only
because of overlapping of capaciter (c) 1 and 2 only (d) 2 and 3 only
plates
Ans. (c)
2. The change in capacitance is due to the
change in distances between the plates Sol.
3. The capacitance changes due to  Tree is a subgraph where all nodes
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dielectric constant. are connected once. So, a tree have
all nodes.
48. What are the advantages of capacitive  If there are N no. of nodes, then in
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transducers? tree (N-1) branches will be there also
1. They are extremely sensitive called twig.
Tree do not contain any closed path.
minimum
T
2. They have a high input impedance and
therefore the loading effects are
50.

Which one of the following is the property

of incidence matrix?
ASS
3. They have a good frequency response
(a) Determinant of the incidence matrix
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only of a closed loop is zero
MA
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 (b) The number of independent node pair
Ans. (d) terminal is equal to the number of
Sol. Followings are the advantages of capacitive tree branches
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transducers: (c) Algebraic sum of the row entries of

an incidence matrix is zero
1. They are extremely sensitive
(d) Algebraic sum of the column entries
2. They have a good frequency response
of an incidence matrix is always one
3. They have a high input impedance,
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Ans. (b)
therefore, loading effects are minimum.
Sol. Determinant of an incidence matrix of a
4. They have high resolution of the order
closed loop is usually non-zero. The
of 2.5 × 10–3mm number of independent node pair
5. They can be used where stray magnetic terminals is equal to number of tree
fields render the inductive transducers branches i.e (n–1)
useless. Algebraic sum of row entries may or may
6. They require small power to operate not be zero.
them. Algebraic sum of column entries of an
49. What are the properties of a tree in a incidence matrix is always zero and not
network graph? one.
1. It consists of all the nodes of the graph 51. The Laplace transform of a function f(t)
2. If the graph has N number of nodes, s2
is F  s  
the tree will have (N–1) branches  s  2 2  102
3. There will be only one closed path in
The value of f(0) will be
the tree
ENGINEERING
Detailed Solution
(a) –1 (b) 0 53. Consider the following experimental
(c) 1 (d) 2 readings for a two port network
Ans. (c) V1 V2 I1 I2
Sol. Given, Output open 100V 60V 10A 0
Input open 30V 40V 0 3A
S2
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F S  2
S  2  102 The values of Z 11 , Z 12 , Z 21 and Z 22
respectively are
Taking I.L.T.
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(a) 10,10,6 and 13.33 
f(t) = e–2tcos(10t) u(t)
Hence, f(0) = e0cos(10 × 0) = 1 (b) 6,10,10 and 6 
52.
2
F s  
T
A function in Laplace domain is given by
1
(c) 10,6,10 and 13.33 
(d) 6,10,6 and 10 

ASS
s s3
Its value by final value theorem in t domain Ans. (a)
will be
Sol. According to z-parameter equation
MA
(a) tlim f t  3 (b) tlim f t  2 V1 = z11I1 + z12I2

 
V2 = z21I1 + z22I2
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(c) tlim f t   1 (d) tlim f t  4 When output is open

 
100 = z11 × 10 + z12 × 0
Ans. (b)
z11  10
Sol. Given,
60 = z21 × 10 + z22 × 0
2 1
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F S  
S S3 z21  6
2 S  3  S When input is open
= S S  3 30 = z11 × 0 + z12 × 3
S6 z12  10

= S S  3
40 = z21 × 0 + z12 × 3
By final value theorem z12  13.33
lim f  t   lim S.F  S 
t  S 0 54. The Laplace transform of
S6 f(t) = 1 – e–2t is
 lim S.
S 0 S S  3
2 1
(a) s  (b) s 
S6 s  2 s  2
 lim
S 0 S  3
2 1
i.e lim f  t   2 (c) s  (d) s 
t  s  2 s  2
ENGINEERING
Detailed Solution
Ans. (a) (a) V(s) = [sLI(s) – Li(0+)]
Sol. Given, f(t) = 1 – e–2t (b) V(s) = [sLI(s)]
Taking laplace transform (c) V(s) = [Li(0+)]
(d) V(s) = [sLI(0+) + Li(s)]
1 1
F S   Ans. (a)
S S2
RR
Sol. Given,
S2S

S S  2 di  t 
V t   L
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2 dt

S S  2 Taking laplace and considering initial
55. T
For a two-port network, the condition of
symmetry in terms of z-parameters is
conditions
V  s  L  s  I  s   I  o   
ASS
(a) z12 = z21 (b) z11 = z22
V  s   SL I  s   Li  o  
(c) z11 = z21 (d) z12 = z22
MA
Ans. (c) 58. In a series R-L circuit, R is 10 and L is

20mH, if the circuit current is 10 sin 314t
Sol. For symmetry in z-parameters, the condition
A, the phase angle  between v and i will
to be satisfied is
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be
Z11  Z22 1 1
(a) tan  0.2   (b) tan  0.4  
56. For a two-port network, the condition of
1 1
Reciprocity in terms of h-parameter is (c) tan  0.6   (d) tan  0.8  
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(a) h12 = h21 (b) h12 = h22 Ans. (a)

(c) h12 = –h21 (d) h12 = –h22 Sol. Given,
Ans. (c) Series RL circuit
Sol. For receprocity in h-parameters. Condition R = 10 
to be satisfied is
L = 20 mH
h12  h 21 i = 10sin314t A
 = ? (between V & i)
57. The initial current is i(0+), clockwise, and
For series RL circuit
the circuit current being i(t) and
  tan 1  L R 
di(t)
v(t) = L
dt   314  rad sec 
The above representation in Laplace
transform is  314  20  10 3 
  tan 1  
 10 
ENGINEERING
Detailed Solution
Ans. (b)
  32.128
Sol. Given,
 314  20  10 3   100V, 50 Hz AC supply series RLC circuit
or   tan 1   
 10 180 
R  10, L = 100mH, C = 1000µF
RR
  tan 1   0.628  To evaluate the current
  tan 1  0.2  V
So I 
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Z
59. A 4 resistor is connected in series with a
10 mH inductor, across a 100 V, 50 Hz Z = R + j XL – j XC
voltage source. The impedance of the circuit
will be
T
(a) 5 – j 3.14 (b) 5 + j 3.14

= 10  j  L 

1 

C 
ASS
(c) 4 – j 3.14 (d) 4 + j 3.14 =
Ans. (d)  106 
10  j 100  100  10 3  
MA
Sol. Given,  100  1000 
R = 4 = 10 + j (31.416 – 3.183)
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L = 10 mH = 10  j28.233 
100V, 50 Hz
Z  29.95170.496
the impedance, Z = ?
for series RL circuit, Z = R  jL
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100
I
29.95170.496 
 4  j  2f  L
 4  j  2  50  10  10 3  I  3.338  70.5A
z   4  j3.14   61. A three-phase full wave rectifier with

resistive load has a ripple factor
60. A 100 V, 50 Hz a.c. supply is applied across (a) 0.482 (b) 1.000
a series RLC circuit having R = 10 , L = (c) 0.055 (d) 0.500
100 mH and C = 1000 F. The current Ans. (a)
through the circuit will be Sol. Ripple factor of three phase full wave
(a) 4.33 70.5º A rectifier = 0.482
(b) 3.33  70.5º A 62. If TA = 50ºC, TJ = 200ºC and

J  A  100º C/W , the power that a
(c) 2.33 50.5º A
transistor, 2N1701 can safely dissipate in
(d) 1.33 50.5º A free air will be
ENGINEERING
Detailed Solution
(a) 0.5 W (b) 1.5 W 50  50
= V
(c) 2.5 W (d) 3.5 W 2
Ans. (b) VCM1 = 0 V
Sol. Given, Difference mode gain (VDMS)
TA = 50°C = V1  V2
RR
TJ = 200°C
VDM1 = 100 V
and J  A  100 C W
We know that
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as we know that
V01 = A CM1 VCM1  A DM1 VDM1
TJ  TA
T
Power dissipation = J  A
V01 = A CM1  0  A DM1 VDM1
A DM1
ASS
200  50  CMRR = A CM1
 watt
100
 ADM1 = A CM1CMRR
MA
150
  1.5 watt V01 = A CM1  CMRR  VDM1
100 
 CMRR = 100 (given)
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63. In a differential amplifier, there are two

sets of input signals. in first set, v1 = +50 V01 = A CM1  100VDM1 ...(i)
V and v2 = – 50 V and in second set, v1 Now, for second set :
= 1,050 V and v2 = 950 V . If the common V1 = 1050 V
mode rejection ratio is 100, the percentage
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V2 = 950 V
difference in the output voltage for the two
sets of input signals will be  Difference mode input (VDM2)
(a) 10% (b) 15% = V1  V2
(c) 20% (d) 25%
= 100 V
Ans. (a)
Sol. V1  V2
Common Mode Input (VCM2) =
For first set : 2
V1 = 50V = 1000 V
V2 = 50V  V02 = A CM2 VCM2  A DM2 VDM2
Common mode input ( VCM1 ) = A CM2 VCM2  A CM2CMRR VDM2
V1  V2 = A CM2 1000 V  100  100 V 

=
2
3
V02  11  10  A CM2 ....(ii)
ENGINEERING
Detailed Solution
From equation (i) and (ii) 100 mV 100 mV
= 
3
(2n  1) (1023)
V02 A CM2  11  10
= 100 mV  15  103
A CM1  10 2

V01
Ramp rate of change =
(1023)
V02 A CM2  11 = 1.46 V/S
RR
 V01 = A CM1  10
2n
ADC conversion time =
fc
 A CM2 = A CM1
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210
V02 11 =  210 / 15  103
 = fc
V01
TV02
10
 1 = 11  1
= 68.26 ms
So, nearest option is (a)
ASS
 V01 10 65. An 8-bit DAC produces Vout = 0.05 V for
a digital input of 00000001. The full scale
V02  V01 1 output will be nearly.
MA
 V01 =
10 (a) 12.8 V (b) 17.8 V
(c) 22.8 V (d) 27.8 V
V02  V01 1
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% =  100
V01 10 Ans. (a)
Sol. Given :
= 10%
Vout = 0.05 V
64. A linear ramp ADC uses a 10 bit counting Digital output = 00000001
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register and a 15 kHz clock frequency. The

(0000 00 01)2 = (1)10
register output is 1111111111 when the
input voltage is 100mV. The required ramp For 8-bit DAC, output voltage is given by,
rate-of-change and the ADC conversion time VFS
are nearly Vout = n
 (D)10
2
(a) 1.5 V/s and 75 ms
VFS
(b) 2.5 V/s and 90 ms 0.05 = 1
8
2
(c) 1.5 V/s and 90 ms
VFS = 28 × 0.05
(d) 2.5 V/s and 75 ms
Ans.(a) VFS  12.8V
Sol. 10 bit counting register 66. Master-Slave flip-flop is also called
15 kHz clock frequency (a) Pulse triggered flip-flop
Register D/P is (1111111111)2 = (1024)10 (b) Latch
Vin = 100 mV, Resolution (c) Level triggered flip-flop
(d) Buffer
ENGINEERING
Detailed Solution
Ans. (a) Ans. (c)
Sol. Since, master slave flip - flop completes its Sol. K-map (karnaugh map) is a method of
operation only after appearance of one full simplifying Boolean algebra expressions.
clock pulse, due to which it is also known
as pulse triggered flip-flop. 70. A finite state machine
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(a) is same as that of abstract model of
67. The resolution of 6-bit DAC will be nearly.
sequential circuit
(a) 4.6% (b) 3.2%
(b) consists of combinational logic circuits
(c) 1.6% (d) 1.2%
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only
Ans. (c)
(c) contains infinite number of memory
Sol. We know that, for an n-bit DAC devices
T
resolution is
1
n
2 1
 100 (d) does not exist in practice.
Ans. (a)
ASS
Therefore, resolution of 6-bit DAC is Sol. A sequential logic function has a ‘memory’
1 feature and takes into account past input
 100%
MA
Resolution = 6 to decode the output. Hence, A finite state

2 1 machine is an abstract model of sequential
= 1.58% logic function.
 1.6%.
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71. A logic circuit that acccepts several data

68. An expression f = AB  A  AB can be inputs and allows only one of them at a
reduced to time to get through to the output is called
(a) A (b) B (a) Multiplexer (b) De-multiplexer
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(c) 0 (d) 1 (c) Transmitter (d) Receiver

Ans. (c) Ans. (a)
Sol. Sol. A multiplex is a combinational circuit that
Given, selects between several analog or digital
f = AB  A  AB input signals and forward it to a single
output line.
f = AB  A  AB
72. The memory technology which needs the
= AB . A . AB least power is
= 0. (a) ECL (b) MOS
69. K-map is used to minimize the number of
(c) CMOS (d) TTL
(a) Flip-flops in digital circuits
Ans. (c)
(b) Layout spaces in digital circuits for
fabrication Sol. CMOS uses least power.
(c) Functions of 3, 4, 5 or 6 variables 73. The mapping function that assigns a

(d) Registers in CPU number to each outcome is called
ENGINEERING
Detailed Solution
(a) Sample space When sinusoidal modulation is present,
(b) Random variable Antenna current (Im) = 11A
(c) Discrete variable Relationship between Im and Io is given as
(d) Event 2
Im = Io 1 
Ans. (b) 2
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Sol. Random variable assigns a number to each  = modulation index
outcome of a random circumstance.
2
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 11 = 9 1 
74. A device has 200  equivalent noise 2
resistance, 300 input resistor and the
 2 
bandwidth of the amplifier being 6 MHz. If 81 1  
T
the operating temperature of the amplifier
is 290ºK, the noise voltage at the input of a

121
121 =
2
 2 
ASS
television RF amplifier will be nearly  1 =
81 2
(a) 7V (b) 5V
2 40
 =
MA
(c) 3V (d) 1V 2 81

  =
Ans. (a)
80
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Sol. As given in question  0.9938  0.994

81
R = (300  200)  500 Hence modulation index used = 0.994
BW = 6 × 106 Hz
76. Frequency modulated signal with single-
T = 290 K tone modulation has a frequency deviation
IEIES
V= of 15 kHz and bandwidth of 50 kHz. The

4R  k  B
frequency of the modulating signal will be
= 4  500  1.38  1023  290  6  106 (a) 05 kHz (b) 10 kHz
V  6.92 V (c) 20 kHz (d) 30 kHz

Ans. (b)
So, Answer is (a)
Frequency deviation  f  = 15 kHz
75. When unmodulated carrier alone is
transmitted, the antenna current is 9A. Bandwidth of modulated signal = 50 kHz
When sinusoidal modulation is present, the As per Carson’s rule,
antenna current is 11A. The modulation
index used will be nearly Bandwidth of frequency modulated signal
is given as
(a) 0.994 (b) 0.764
(c) 0.546 (d) 0.326 BW = 2  f  fm 
Ans. (a) fm = frequency of modulating signal
Sol. When unmodulated carrier alone is  50 = 2(15 + fm)
transmitted, Antenna current (I o) = 9A
ENGINEERING
Detailed Solution
 25 = 15 + fm (c) Modulation frquency, carrier
frequency and USB
 fm = 10 kHz
(d) Modulation frequency, LSB and USB
Hence, frequency of the modulating signal
= 10 kHz Ans. (d)
Sol. A balanced modulator mixes the audio
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77. When the carrier and one of the sidebands signal and radio frequency carrier, but
are suppressed in an AM wave modulated supresses the carrier, leaving only the side
to a depth of 50%, the power saving will be bands and modulation frequency.
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(a) 84.4% (b) 88.6% Hence, option d is correct.
(c) 94.4% (d) 98.6%
79. The tempearture of a particular place
Ans. (c)
Sol. T
Given, depth of modulation =
50
100
varies between 14ºC and 34ºC. For the
purpose of transmitting the temperature
record of that place using PCM the record
ASS
is sampled at an appropriate sampling
1
ie. µ = rate and the samples are quantized. If
2
the error in the representation of the
MA
We know that, samples due to quantization is not to

exceed  1% of the dynamic range, the
PSB  PC
% power saving =  100 minimum number of quantization levels
 2
 
S M

PC 1   that can be used will be
 2 
(a) 40 (b) 50
2
 (c) 60 (d) 70
PSB = PC
4
Ans. (b)
2
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
PC  PC 
4  100 Sol. Maximum quantization error =  where
 % power saving =  2 2
 
PC 1  
 2   = step size
2
 Range of variation
2
4  100    = Step size =
= 2 2
 100 no. of levels
 4  2
1
2  Range of variation A
Error = = =
1 
2 2 2  number of levels 2n
 
2  100  94.4% Where, A = Range of variation
 % power saving = 1 
4  2  and n = number of levels
4
78. An output of balanced modulator contains 
Given, error =  1% of range
(a) Carrier, LSB and USB 2
(b) Modulation frequency, carrier frequency
A 1 A
and LSB  
2n 100
ENGINEERING
Detailed Solution
 n  50 (a) A  2fm (b) A  sin 2fm
Minimum number of quantization levels =
2fm  fs
50 (c) A  (d) A 
 fs 2fm
80. A telephone signal band limited to 4 kHz is Ans. (d)
RR
to be transmitted by PCM. If the signal to Sol. If the input signal is rising or falling with
quantization noise is to be at leasst of 40 a slope larger then  /Ts, where Ts is the
dB, the number of levels into which the sampling time, we say that sampler is
TEE
signal is to be encoded will be suffering from slope overload.
(a) 32 (b) 64 The condition for slope over loading is then
(c) 81
Ans. (d)
T (d) 128 dm  t 
dt max


Ts
ASS
Sol. Given, signal to quantization noise Hence, to avoid slope over load error,
 S  dm  t  
MA
   40dB ...(i) 
N  dt max
Ts
 q dB
m(t) = A sin 2 fmt
S M
As we know,
 2 fmA  fs
 S  1
Ts =
  = 1.76 + 20 log L...(ii) fs
N 
 q dB
fs
IEIES
 A
Where, L = number of quantization levels 2fm
using eq (i) & (ii), we get 82. If bandwidth is of primary concern, which
one of the following scheme is generally not
 1.76  20log L  40
considered?
 20log L  38.24 (a) PSK (b) ASK
(c) DPSK (d) FSK
 log L  1.912
Ans. (d)
 L  81.658 Sol. Increasing order of bandwidth:
Hence number of levels into which the signal BWDPSK < BWASK = BWPSK < BWFSK
is to be encoded = 128  If bandwidth is of primary concern, then
FSK scheme is not considered.
81. To avoid slope overload error in delta
modulation, the maximum amplitude of the 83. The process of assigning to each one of the
input signal is sample values of the message signal, a
discrete value from a prescribed set of a
fiite number of such discrete values is called.
ENGINEERING
Detailed Solution
(a) Filtering Sol. Given,
(b) Noise removal 1 t
x    dt
L 
y(t) =
(c) Decoding
(d) Quantization above equation can be represented as
Ans. (d) x(t)
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Integrator division y(t)
Sol. The process of assigning to each one of
sample value of the message signal, a so inverse system will be
discrete value from a prescribed set of a y(t)
TEE
finite number of such discrete values is Differen- Multiplier x(t)
tiator
called quantization.
d
y t 
84.
T
Which one of the following types of fiber
suffers with modal dispersion?
(a) Single-mode step-index fibre 86.
 x(t) = L
dt
Step response of the system is defined as

ASS
(b) Multimode graded index fiber 1. The output due to a unit step input
signal
(c) Multimode step index fiber
MA
2. The running sum of impulse response

(d) Single-mode graded index fiber
Ans. (c) 3. The running integral of impulse
response for a continuous time system
Sol. Modal dispersion is caused by multipath
S M
propagation of light. When light rays travel

along multipaths and have multipath (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only
lengths, different rays will arrive at the end (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
of fiber at different times. It occurs in multi
Ans. (d)
mode step index fiber. In graded index fiber,
IEIES
due to graded refractive index, each rays Sol. The step response of a system
arrive at same time. Hence (c) option is  The response (output) of the system
correct. with unit step input signal.
85. An inductor is described by input-output  For discrete time system, step
relation as response
t 
1
y(t) =  x( )d
L 
S n    h n 
n 
The operation representing the inverse where h(n)  impulse response

system x(t) will be  For continuous time system, step
d response
(a) L y(t) (b) L
dt 
S t   h  t dt
d
(c) y(t) (d) Ly(t) 
dt
where h(t)  impulse response
Ans. (a)
ENGINEERING
Detailed Solution
87. The signal flow graph of a system is 1
constructed from its G(s)H(s) = s
 0.5s  1 0.2s  1
(a) Differential equations System is a type ‘1’ system
(b) Algebraic equations
 Kp = Slim
0
G(s)H(s)  lim
S0
(c) Algebraic equations through the cause
RR
and effect relations 1

(d) Differential equations through the s  0.5s  1 0.2s  1 =
cause-and effect relations. Steady state error due to unit step input
TEE
Ans. (c) 1
Sol. SFG may be regarded as simplified version ess = 1  K = 0
p
of a block diagram and constructed from its
T
algebraic equations through the cause and
effect relations. SFG may be defined as
KV = Slim
1
0
s G(s) H(s) =
ASS
graphical means of portraying the input lim s.
output relationships among the variables S 0 s  0.5s  1 0.2s  1
of a set of linear algebraic equations. 1
1
MA
KV = 
88. If all the roots of the characteristic equation 0  1 0  1

have negative real parts, the system is Steady state error due to unit ramp input
(a) Stable (b) Unstable
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1 1
ess = k  1  1 .
(c) Marginally stable v
(d) Conditionally stable

90. Which of the following statements are
Ans. (a) correct?
IEIES
Sol. If all the roots of the characteristic equation 1. A continuous time system is said to be
have negative real parts. i.e. all the closed time invariant if the parameters of the
loop poles of system lies in left half of s- system do not change with time.
plane. Thus, system is stable. 2. The characteristics of time invariant
system are fixed over a time.
89. A unity feedback system is characterized
by the open loop transfer fuction 3. If the input to the time invariant
system is delayed by t0 seconds, the
1 characteristics of the output response
G(s) 
s  0.5s  1 0.2s  1 is also delayed by t0 seconds
The steady state errors for unit step and (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only
unit ramp inputs are respectively (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
(a) 0 and 0 (b) 0 and 1 Ans. (d)
(c) 1 and 0 (d) 1 and 1 Sol.  A system is time invariant if the
Ans. (b) behaviour and characteristics of the
Sol. As given system is unity feedback system: system are fixed over time
ENGINEERING
Detailed Solution
 A system is time invariant if a time shift (a) 0º only (b) 90º only
in the input signal results in an identical (c) 180º only (d) 0º or 180º
time shift in output signal.
Ans. (d)
91. If any root of the characteristic equation Sol. Angle of departure from ‘a real open-loop
has a positive real part or if there is a pole’ and the angle of arrival at ‘a real open-
RR
repeated root on the j  axis , then the loop zero’ is always equal to 0° or 180°. This
system is can be illustrated as
(a) Limitedly stable Case I :
TEE
(b) Conditionally stable (s  b)
G(s)H(s) = ; b > a and a > 0, b > 0
(c) Stable (s  a)
T
(d) Unstable
Ans. (d)
j
ASS
Sol. System becomes unstable if one or more 
roots of characteristics equation lies in right –b –a
half of s-plane i.e. it has positive real parts.
MA
Response of such root can be given

as : Here, D = 180°, A = 0°
Case II :
S M
y(t)
(s  b)
X t G(s)H(s) = ; a > b and a > 0, b > 0
 (s  a)
j
IEIES
j y(t)
x 
t -a -b
x 
System becomes unstable if repeated roots Here, D = 0°, A = 180°

on imaginary axis are there. Response of
93. The important aspects in the study of
such case is shown below:
feedback systems are to control
j y(t)
1. Sensitivity
xx 2. Effect of an internal disturbance
t
x  3. Distortion in a nonlinear system
x
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only

(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
92. The angle of departure from a real open-
Ans. (c)
loop pole and the angle of arrival at a real
open-loop zero is always equal to Sol. Important aspects in study of feedback
systems are to control the following factors:
ENGINEERING
Detailed Solution
1. Stability 95. The compensator required to improve the
2. Bandwidth steady state response of a system is
3. Overall gain (a) lag (b) lead
4. Sensitivity (c) lag-lead (d) zero
5. Effect of external disturbance or noise Ans. (a)
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6. Distortion in non-linear systems Sol. Lag compensator helps to improve steady
state response of system.
94. In a type-1, second-order system, the first Lead compensator improves the transient
TEE
undershoot occurs at a time t (with standard
response of system.
notations) is
In Lag-lead compensator, both phase lag
2

(a) 

d T (b) 
d
and phase-lead occurs but in different
frequency region. It helps to improve speed
response of system.
ASS
2d
(c) 2 (d)
d 
96. Which one of the following types of
Ans. (b) controlled is sometimes called automatic
MA
Sol. Transient response of a standard second reset?

order system to a unit step input can be
(a) Proportional (b) Integral
given as :
S M
n t
(c) Derivative (d) PID
e
C(t) = 1  sin d t   Ans. (b)
2
1
Sol. Integral controller is also known as
For maxima and minima automatic reset.
IEIES
dC(t)
= 0 Integral control is based on the principle
dt that the controller’s output should be
Which gives, d t p  n proportional to both size and duration of
the error. The controller’s output will
n continue to change its value until the error
tp =  ; n = 1, 2, 3,....
d is zero. This property enables integral
C(t) action to eliminate offset error
First overshoot automatically.
1.0 97. The transfer time T of the disk is

First undershoot
2b rb
t (a) (b)
 2 3 rN N
d d d
rN b
(c) (d)
2 b rN
First undershoot occurs at tp = 
d where:
ENGINEERING
Detailed Solution
b = number of bytes to be transferred Instruction logic: Instruction is stored in
N = number of bytes on a track instruction register (IR). It is the CPU
register.
r = rotation speed in rps
Load/store logic: Load means to load the
Ans. (d) data from main memory to CPU register.
Sol. Number of bytes to be transferred = b And store logic referred as to store the data
RR
Number of bytes on a track = N from CPU register to main memory.
Rotation speed in rps = r L1 data cache: To fast access the data, L1

data cache is used in CPU
TEE
Transfer time to or from the disk depends
on the rotation speed of the disk 99. Which of the following will cause internal
interrupt to CPU?
1 round 
T
r round  1 sec
1
sec
1. Stack overflow
2. Attempt to divide by zero
ASS
r 3. I/O device finished transfer of data
No. of bytes on a track = N 4. Power failure
MA
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only

1
N bytes transferred in sec (c) 3 and 4 only (d) 1 and 4 only
r
Ans. (b)
S M
1
1 byte transferred in sec Sol. Internal interrupt or software interrupt are
Nr triggered by software instruction. The
example of this interrupt is attempt to
b divide by zero and interrupt driven I/O, such
b bytes transferred in sec
Nr as I/O device finished transfer of data.
IEIES
98. A core of processor chip consists of 100. In an assembly language program END is
1. ALU a/an
2. Instruction logic (a) Machine instruction
3. Load/store logic (b) Pseudo instruction

(c) Micro instruction
4. L3 cache
(d) Interrupt
5. L1 data cache
Ans. (b)
(a) 1, 2, 3 and 4 only
Sol. Pseudo instruction are special commands
(b) 1, 2, 3 and 5 only
to the assembler for end of the source code.
(c) 2, 3, 4 and 5 only
(d) 1, 4 and 5 only 101. Booth algorithm is associated with
Ans. (b) (a) Binary division
Sol. ALU is used for arithmetic operation. It is (b) Binary integer multiplication
referred as arithmetic and logical unit. (c) Sorting binary integers
(d) Searching of binary data
ENGINEERING
Detailed Solution
Ans. (b) 104. Which of the follownig are the computer
Sol. Booth algorithm is used to multiply two memory performance parameters?
signed binary numbers in two’s complement 1. Access time (Latency)
notations. 2. Memory cycle time
102. The memory that communicates directly 3. Transfer rate
RR
with CPU is called (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only
(a) Auxiliary memory (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
(b) USB storage
TEE
Ans. (d)
(c) Main memory Sol. The computer that performs the same
(d) Micro-program memory amount of task compare to other computer
Ans. (d)
Sol.
T
(a) Auxiliary memory is also known as
system in the least time is the fastest. So
to measure the computer performance, we
require three parameter,
ASS
secondary storage or external memory.
1. Access time: Time required to access
(b) USB storage: USB storage is a data the memory or to perform read/write
storage device. It is removable device. operation. The memory acess time
MA
(c) Main memory: It is a physical memory. uses hit time, miss penalty to measure
It is connected with CPU via bus. the computer memory performance.
(d) Micro-program memory: Microprogram 2. Memory cycle time: Memory cycle time
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constitutes a sequence of refers to the minimum period between

microinstruction and microprogram is two successive request.
stored in the microprogram memory.
3. Transfer rate: Transfer a data per unit
103. Virtual memory is normally implemented time is called transfer rate. Memory
IEIES
by transfer rate in a computer determines

how fast it will run various program.
(a) Demand paging (b) Buses
(c) Device drivers (d) Bus matrix 105. What are the components of a memory
Ans. (a) management unit?
Sol. An operating system has memory 1. A facility for dynamic storage
management capability that allows relocation
temporarilly transferring data from random 2. Provision for preventing users for
access memory to disk storage and vice sharing programs stored in memory
versa. This is called virtual memory by different users
management.
3. Protection of information against
Since large no. of pages are not allowed to unauthorized access
store in RAM because of space constraint.
So some page is stored in disk storage. When 4. Provision for users for changing
process required those page that is not operating system functions
available is main memory then it demand (a) 1 and 3 only (b) 1 and 4 only
that page from operating system. So
operating system provide required page via (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 2 and 4 only
swap in, swap out procedure. Ans. (a)
ENGINEERING
Detailed Solution
Sol. Memory management unit have relocation 107. The advantage of optimistic locking is
register to provide the facility of dynamic (a) The lock is obtained only after the
storage relocation. transaction has processed
Relocation (b) The lock is obtained only before the
Logical register 1400 transaction has processed
Memory
address Physical 1840
RR
CPU + (c) The lock never needs to be obtained
440 address
(d) The lock transactions are best suited
with a lot of activity
TEE
The memory management unit provide base Ans. (a)
and limit register to protect the information Sol. In the optimistic locking the resource is
against unauthorized access. not locked when it is first accessed by a
T
Limit
register Base
108.
transaction.
The ability to query information from the

ASS
register
database, insert, delete and modify the
Logical tuples is
address yes Physical
MA
CPU < + Memory

address
(a) Data definition language (DDL)
no
(b) Data manipulation language (DML)
(c) Storage definition language (SDL)
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Trap: addressing error

(d) Relational schema
106. Which one of the following makes Ans. (b)
permanently recorded transaction in the Sol. Data manipulation language (DML) is a
database? programming language used for inserting,
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(a) View (b) Commit deleting and modifying the database.
(c) Roll back (d) Flash back 109. In a pair of straight parallel bus bars of
Ans. (b) circular cross-section spaced 23 cm
between centres, each carry a current of
Sol. View: View display portion of the real table. 70,000A. The force required to withstand
Commit: Commit is the keyword in the will be nearly
database, which is used to end the (a) 4,800 N/m (b) 4,620 N/m
transaction within RDBMS and makes all (c) 4,440 N/m (d) 4,260 N/m
changes visible to the other users.
Ans. (d)
Rollback: Rollback is the keyword in the
Sol. Given, A pair of straight parallel bus bar
database, which is used to revert all
circular cross-section.
changes.
Distance/spacing between the two, d = 23
Flashback: Flashback table statement in cm;
SQL is used to qucikly recover a table to a
Each bus bar carries a current of 70,000A
previous point in time without restoring a
backup. To evaluate the force, required to
withstand force is given by
ENGINEERING
Detailed Solution
0I1I2 (a) 8 C m3 (b) 6 C m3
F N
2d
(c) 4 C m3 (d) 2 C m3
Hence, force per unit length
F 0 I1I2 Ans. (c)
 
 2d
RR
Sol. Given D  10xaˆ x  4yaˆ y  K z â z C m2 and
0  4   107 N / A - m 
B  2aˆ y mT
2 7 2
F 4   10   70000   100
TEE
 Maxwell’s equation for   0 and v  0
 2  23
is
= 4260.87 (N/m)

T
F  4260  N / m    D  v

D  0
ASS
110. Consider the following two points
M (2, 5, –3) and N(–3, 1, 4)     
The distance from the origin to the mid-  x aˆ x  y aˆ y  z aˆ z   10xaˆ x  4yaˆ y  Kzaˆ z   0
MA
 
point of the line MN will be nearly
10 – 4 + k = 0
(a) 3.1 units (b) 2.3 units
k = –6 µC/m3
S M
(c) 1.5 units (d) 0.7 units

Ans. (a) 112. A 4-pole, wave wound armature having
Sol. Given: 45 slots with 18 conductors/slot is driven
at 1200 rpm. If the flux per pole is 0.016
M (2, 5, –3) and N (–3, 1, 4) Wb, the generated emf will be
IEIES
 2  3 5  1 3  4  (a) 534.4 V (b) 526.8 V

then middle point is  , ,
 2 2 2  (c) 518.4 V (d) 502.8 V
= (–0.5, 3, 0.5) Ans. (c)
so distance from origin of mid point is Sol. 4 pole, wave wound armature;
slots = 45
= 2 2 2
(0  0.5)  (0  3)  (0  0.5) conductors/slot = 18
Speed, N = 1200 rpm
= 0.25  9  0.25 = 9.5
Fluse per pole,   0.016 Wb
= 3.08  3.1
 NPZ
111. Consider D  10xax  4yay  kzaz  C m2 We know, generated emf, E =
60A
 
and B  2a y mT, to satisfy the Max-well’s Z = total conductors
equation for region   0 and v  0 , the = 45 × 18

value of k will be Z  810
ENGINEERING
Detailed Solution
For wave wound, A = 2 (no. of parallel paths) So,
NPZ 1200  4  0.016  810
E   Z  jZ0 tan l 
60A 60  2 Zx  Z0  L 
 Z0  jZL tan l 
E  518.4 Volts
But the given transmission line is not
RR
lossless.
113. For a terminated uniform transmission line,
Hence
the impedance Zx at distance x from the
load will be
TEE
 Z  Z0 tanh x 
Zx  Z0  L 
ZL  Z0 tanh x  Z0  ZL tanh x 
(a) Z0 Z  Z tanh x 
0
T L
ZL  Z0 tanh x
(b) ZL Z  Z tanh x 
114. The depth of penetration  of a plane
electromagnetic wave incident normally on
a good conductor is
ASS
0 L
1 1
ZL  jZ0 tanh x (a) (b)
(c) Z0 Z  jZ tanh x  2f f
MA
0 L
2 2
(c) (d)
ZL  jZ0 tanh x 3f f
(d) ZL Z  jZ tanh x 
S M
0 L where:
where: f = frequency in Hz
Z0 = Characteristic impednace of line,   = conductivity in siemens per meter

Ans. (b)
ZL = Load impedance, 
IEIES
Sol. Attenuation constant of a good conductor is

 = Propagation constant =   j,m 1
  f
 = Attenuation constant, Npm–1
Depth of penetration
 = Phase constant, rad m–1
1
Ans. (a) 

Sol. The impedance at a distance x from load
end. 1

 Z  Z0 tanh x  f
Zx  Z0  L 
 Z0  ZL tanh x  115. A rectangular waveguide is 5.1 cm by 2.4
cm (inside measurements). The cutoff
where     j frequency of the dominant mode will be
nearly
For a lossless transmission line
(a) 5.38 GHz (b) 4.54 GHz
0
(c) 3.78 GHz (d) 2.94 GHz
ENGINEERING
Detailed Solution
Ans. (d) 117. An antenna radiates isotropically over a
Sol. A rectangular waveguide 5.1cm×2.4cm half-space above a perfectly conducting flat
dominant mode for rectangular waveguide ground plane. If E = 50 mV m–1 rms at a
TE10. distance of 1 km and the antenna terminal
current I = 3.5A, the radiation resistance
Cutoff frequency of TE10 mode will be
RR
c 1 (a) 3.4  (b) 4.3 
fc  
2 a
(c) 5.2  (d) 6.1 
TEE
3  108 1  100 Ans. (a)
 
2 5.1 Sol. Given:
T
= 0.294 ×
= 2.94 ×
1010
109 at
Erms = 50mV/m
r = 1 km
ASS
fc = 2.94 GHz Irms = 3.5 A
Total power radiated by antenna
116. If aperture efficiency is 70%, the directivity
 Erms  2  2r2
MA
D of a parabolic dish antenna as a function

Pr =
of its radius is 120
50  50  106
 2  106
2 2
r r =
S M
(a) 20   (b) 28   120

 
Prad = 41.67 W
2 2
r r I20  R rad = 41.67
(c) 36   (d) 44  
 
41.67
IEIES
Ans. (b) Rrad =

3.52
Sol. Given aperture efficiency  A  = 70% Rrad = 3.4 
Directivity of a parabolic antenna
118. Which one of the following is the correct
2
 d  relationship between an antenna gain G and
=   eA an effective area Ae?
  
2 4 f 2 A e 3f 2 A e
   2r  (a) G  (b) G 
=    0.7 c2 c2
  
2 2f 2 A e 0.5f 2 A e
2 r (c) G  (d) G 
= 4   0.7   c2 c2

where:
2
r f = carrier frequency
= 27.6  
 c = speed of light
2
r Ans. (a)
D = 28  

ENGINEERING
Detailed Solution
Sol. The effective area (Ae) of an antenna is (a) 72 (b) 64
2 (c) 60 (d) 48

Ae = Gd ...(i)
4 Ans. (b)
We know that Sol. Given
f. = C  2 2 2
RR
A = 2x yaˆ x  3x y aˆ y
C
 = Cube
f
x, y, z  [1, 3]
From (i)
TEE
center at (2, 2, 2)
2
1 C
Ae =   .Gd   
ˆ

ˆ

4  f  .A =  x ax  y a y 
T Ae =
1 C
4 f 2
.Gd
2
2x y aˆ
2
x
2 2
 3x y aˆ y 
ASS
 2
2 .A = 4xy + 6x y
4 f A e
Gd = 2
MA
C 
( .A )(2,2,2) = (4 × 2 × 2) + (6 × 4 × 2)
S = 16 + 48
119. The signal-to-noise ratio for isotropic
N = 64
S M
antenna is
121. Which of the following steps are followed
2 2 by HIS during synthesis?
(a) 162 r 2 kT B (b) 14 2r 3 kT B
sys sys
1. Data model generation
2 2
IEIES
  2. Data flow anlysis

(c) 122 r4 kT B (d) 102r 4 kT B
sys sys 3. Scheduling and allocation
where: 4. Data path optimization
 = Wavelength, m 5. Control optimization
r = Distance from transmitter to receiver, (a) 1, 3 and 5 only
m (b) 2, 4 and 5 only
Tsys = System temperature, K (c) 1, 2, 3 and 4 only
B = Bandwidth Hz (d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
k = Boltzmann’s constant Ans. (*)
Ans. (a) 122. Pipelining
120. Consider a cube defined by 1. Reduces clock period of long
x,y,z  1,3
combinational operations
2. Allows large combinational functions to
If vector, A = 2x2yax + 3x2y2ay, be broken down into pieces whose delays
 are balanced with the rest of the system
  A at the centre of the cube will be
components.
ENGINEERING
Detailed Solution
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only So, voltage of input port (i.e., V1) and current
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 of output port (i.e., I2) are expressed in terms
of current of input port (i.e., I1) and voltage
Ans. (c) of output port (i.e., V2)
Sol. Now,
1. Pipelining is faster because all the
RR
operation in the system executes in V1
h11 
I1 ; short circuit conditon is used
parallel so it reduces the clock period of V2 0
long combinational operations.
TEE
V1
2. Multiple operations are overlapped in h12 
V2 ; open circuit condition is used
execution I1  0
123.
T
Superscalar processor consists of
(a) Single pipeline for instruction execution
125. Consider the following measurements on a
two terminal network:
ASS
(b) Multiple-instruction pipelines for 1. When a voltage of 1000 volts applied
instruction execution at input port with output port open,
(c) No pipelines for instruction execution I1  200A and V2  250V
MA
(d) Multiple combination of hardware for 2. When a voltage of 1000 volts applied
execution at output port with input port open
S M
Ans. (b) I2  100A and V1  500V

Sol. A superscalar processor contains
The driving point impedances Z11, Z22 and
multiple copies of the data path
transfer impedances Z21, Z12 respetively are
hardware to execute multiple
instruction simultaneously. (a) 5,10 and1.25,5
IEIES
124. Which of the following statements is/are (b) 10,5 and1.25,5

correct?
(c) 5,1.25 and5,10
1. In hybrid parameter representation both
short and open circuit terminal
(d) 10,1.25 and 5,5
conditions are utilized.
2. The voltage of output port and the Ans. (a)
current of input port are expressed in V1
terms of current of output and voltage Sol.  z11  ; output port open
I1 I2  0
of input port.
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only 1000
z11   5
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 200
Ans. (a) V1
 z12  ; input port open
Sol. h-parameter equations are I2 I1  0
V1 = h11I1 + h12V2
500
I2 = h21I1 + h22V2 z12   5
100
ENGINEERING
Detailed Solution
V2 127. The two channel bank with multirate digital
z21  filter structure that employs two decimators
 I1 ; output port open
I2 0 in the signal analysis section and two
250
interpolators in the signal synthesis section
z 21   1.25 is called
200
(a) Multirate signal processing bank
RR
V
 z22  2 ; input port open (b) Sub-coding and analysis bank
I2 I1  0
(c) Sub-band speech coder bank
TEE
1000
z 22   10 (d) Quadrature mirror filter bank
100
Ans. (d)
126. In a second order digital notch filter having
T
notch frequency of 60 Hz and a 3-dB notch
bandwidth of 6 Hz and sampling frequency
Sol. In quadrature mirror filter bank discrete
time signal x[n] is split into a number of
sub band signal.
ASS
employed is 400 Hz. The normalized angular
notch frequency 0 and the normalized In this signal analysis decimation and
interpolation is used.
angular 3-dB bandwidth 3dB are
MA
(a) 0.3 and 0.03 128. Which of the following are the advantages
of digital filters over analog filters?
S M
(b) 0.6 and 0.03 1. Highly flexible

(c) 0.3 and 0.06 2. Portable
3. Negligible noise interference
(d) 0.6 and 0.06 
4. Lumped RLC components
IEIES
Ans. (c)
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 1, 2 and 4 only
Sol. Given,
Notch frequency = 60 Hz (c) 1, 3 and 4 only (d) 2, 3 and 4 only
a 3-db notch BW = 6 Hz Ans. (a)

Sampling frequency = 400 Hz Sol. Digital filter are flexible because it can be
So, normalized angular notch frequency modified easily by changing component.
Digital filter is more portable than analog
60 
 W0     2 because it can be interfere with computer
 400 
and various kind of input can be applied.
= 0.3
Being digital it is immune to noise
and normalized interference. Lumped RLC components is
used in analog filters.
 2  6  2 
W3dB     0.06
 400  129. The realization of a length M FIR filter for
a linear phase structure, the number of
multipliers required is
ENGINEERING
Detailed Solution
performance. So performance will be
 M 1 reduced.
(a)  (b) 2M
 2 
(c) M (d) M – 1 131. In the 8051 microcontroller, direct
addressing mode is used in
Ans. (a)
(a) Internal data memory
RR
Sol. In symmetric linear phase FIR filters
Which use the symmetry of the filter (b) External data memory
co-efficients to reduce the number of (c) Internal program memory
TEE
M  (d) External program memory
multiplier from (M + 1) to  2  1 
  Ans. (a)
when M = even
2
T
(M  1)
when M = odd
Sol. Direct addressing mode: Source or
destination address is specified by using 8-
bit data in the instruction. Only the internal
ASS
So, (a) is correct option data memory can be used in this mode.
130. Which one of the following statements is 132. PUSH and POP operations are performed
MA
not correct regarding a usage of virtual by

memory?
(a) Program counter register
(a) To free user programs from the need to
S M
(b) General purpose register

carryout storage allocation and to
permit efficient sharing of the available (c) Stack pointer register
memory space among different users.
(d) Link register
(b) To make program independent of the
Ans. (c)
IEIES
configuration and capacity of the

physical memory for their execution Sol. PUSH and POP operations are performed
(c) To achieve higher CPU performance using stack pointer register.
(d) To achieve the very low access time and 133. Network interface card (NIC) has a unique
cost per bit that is possible with a six-byte permanent address as
memory hierarchy
(a) IP address (b) MAC address
Ans. (c)
(c) DNS address (d) Local address
Sol. Large number of pages is not allowed to
store in physical memory so virtual memory Ans. (b)
provide larger amount of space to the Sol. A unique 6-byte or 48 bit address is uniquely
process. Some portion of the process is stored identifies the device on an ethernet-based
in the disk storage.
network. A MAC address is also known as
When process required particular page then an ethernet address.
process demand the required page. The page
stored in the storage device is accessed and 134. The data-link layer is responsible for
provide to the process. But storage device
(a) incoming bit stream and simply repeats
is much slower than RAM, so it affect the
to other devices connected
ENGINEERING
Detailed Solution
(b) an error free communication across the Two-way simultaneous communication
physical link connecting primary and between two stations is called full duplex
secondary stations within a network (FDX) mode
(c) an end-to-end integrity of data message Simplex: Station (1) Direction of data

propagated through the network station (2)
between two devices
RR
Data at time 1
(d) logical connection at application layer 
Half duplex : Station (1) 
Data at time 2
Ans. (b) station (2)
Sol. Data link layer provides error free data in both
TEE
Full duplex: Station (1)
communication across the physical link direction all time
connecting primary and secondary stations station (2)
within a network. Full/full duplex: no such mode exists.
135. T
The transmit carrier frequency ft and receive
carrier frequency fr for AMPS channels-3
137. Blocked calls may be handled in one of two
ways. First blocked calls can be put in a
ASS
are nearly queue awaiting a free channel. This is
(a) 875 MHz and 870 MHz termed as
MA
(b) 825 MHz and 870 MHz (a) Lost Calls Cleared (LCC)
(c) 875 MHz and 830 MHz (b) Lost Calls Delayed (LCD)
(d) 825 MHz and 830 MHz (c) Lost Calls Held (LCH)
S M
Ans. (b) (d) Lost Calls Hand off

Sol. AMPS stands for advanced mobile phone Ans. (b)
system. AMPS uses 30 kHz radio channels
Sol. Blocked calls may be handled in one of two
between mobile station and base station.
Frequency allocated by FCC on 824 – 849 ways. First, blocked called can be put in a
IEIES
MHz for downlink and 869 – 894 MHz for queque awaiting a free channel, this is
uplink traffic. referred to as lost calls delayed (LCD),
although infact the calls is not lost, marely
136. Which one of the following mode is called a delayed. Second, a block call can be rejected
two-way simultaneous, communication and dropped. This in turn leads to two
between two stations? assumptions about the action of the user. If
(a) Simplex (SX) the user hangs up and waits some random
time interval before another call attempt,
(b) Half duplex (HDX) this is known as lost calls cleared (LCC). If
(c) Full duplex (FDX) the user repeatedly attempts calling, it is
(d) Full/Full duplex (F/FDX) known as lost call held (LCH).
Ans. (c) 138. Satellite communication among stations in

different areas can be achieved if the
Sol. satellite has the ability to switch time slots
from one beam to another. This is known
as satellite switched.
(a) TDMA (b) TSMA
Station-1 Station-2 (c) FAMA (d) SCPC
ENGINEERING
Detailed Solution
Ans. (a) (c) Direct sequence frequency hopping
Sol. Satellite communication among stations in (d) Hybrid direct sequence frequency
different areas can be achieved if the hopping
satellite has the ability to switch time slots Ans. (c)
from one beam to another. This is known
as time division multiple access (TDMA). Sol. Direct sequence frequency hoping (DS/FH)
RR
spread spectrum technique is a combination
139. A coherent binary phase shift keyed (BPSK) of direct-sequence and frequency hopping
transmitter operates at a bit rate of 20 schemes.
TEE
Mbps. For a probability of error P(e) of One data bit is divided over several carrier
C frequencies.
10–4, the ratio  8.8dB , the minimum
N
T
theoretical N
Eb
0
ratio for a receiver
bandwidth equal to the minimum double-
142. Each earth station’s transmission is encoded
with a unique binary word called
(a) Station code (b) Chip code
ASS
sided Nyquist bandwidth will be (c) Access code (d) Gold code
(a) 4.8 dB (b) 6.4 dB Ans. (b)
MA
(c) 8.8 dB (d) 10.4 dB Sol. Earth stations transmissions are encoded
Ans. (a) with a unique binary word called chip code.
Sol.
S M
143. For a 300 m optical fibre cable with BLP of

140. For a total transmit power (Pt) of 1000W 600 MHz-km, the bandwidth will be
and for a transmission rate of 50 Mbps, the (a) 8 GHz (b) 6 GHz
energy per bit (Eb) will be (c) 4 GHz (d) 2 GHz
(a) 10 µJ (b) 20 µJ
IEIES
Ans. (d)
(c) 30 µJ (d) 40 µJ Sol. Length of optical fibre = 300 m = 0.3 km
Ans. (b) Bandwidth length product (BLP) = 600
Sol. Total transmit power (Pt) = 1000 W MHz-km
Transmission rate = 50 Mbps BLP 600  106
 Bandwidth = length =
Power transmitted 0.3
Energy per bit (Eb) =
transmission rate = 2 × 109 Hz
1000  Bandwidth = 2 GHz

Eb = 6
 20J
50  10 144. Numerical aperture (NA) in optical fibre
transmission is used to describe
 Eb  20J
(a) light spreading ability
141. A combination of direct sequence and (b) light gathering or light collecting ability
frequency hopping is called (c) light output from external shield
(a) Direct sequence hopping (d) light leakage ability
(b) Hybrid direct frequency hopping Ans. (b)
ENGINEERING
Detailed Solution
Sol. Numerical aperture (NA) of an optical In purely unvoiced sounds there is no
system is a dimensionless number that fundamental frequency in excitation signal
characterize the range of angles over which and therefore no harmonic structure. So,
the system can accept or emit light. exciation can be consider whitenoise. So,
statement-II is wrong.
NA = sin  A  n12  n 22
146. Statement (I): Control logic in CMOS is
RR
constructed using two-level SOP logic and
Where, 2A = full acceptance angle
multilevel logic.
n1 = refractive index of core Statement (II): Typical PLA uses multilevel
TEE
n2 = refractive index of cladding. logic.
146. (a)
Directions:
T
Each of the next Six(06) items consists of two
statements, one labelled as the ‘Statement (I)’ and
Sol.
147.
Control logic is constructed by using PLA.
Statement (I): ABCD parameters are widely

ASS
used in analysis of power transmission
the other as ‘Statement (II)’. You are to examine
engineering and termed as circuit
these two statements carefully and select the parameters.
answers to these items using the codes given below:
MA
Statement (II): ABCD parameters are called

Codes: as transmission parameters.
(a) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) Ans. (b)
S M
are individually true and Statement (II) Sol. ABCD parameters are widely used in
is the correct explanation of Statement analysis of power transmission engineering
(I). and also known as transmission parameters.
(b) Both statement (I) and Statement (II) But statement-II is not the correct
are individually true but Statement (II) explanation of why they are widely used in
IEIES
power system.
is NOT the correct explanation of
Statement (I). 148. Statement (I): Non-stationary signals such
(c) Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) as an image require time-frequency
is false analysis.
(d) Statemment (I) is false but Statement Statement (II): The short time Fourier
(II) is true. transform (STFT) can map a one
dimensional function f(t) into the two-
145. Statement (I): Channel vocoder (voice coder) dimensional function, STFT (f).
is an analysis synthesis system. Ans. (b)
Statement (II): For voiced signal, the Sol. Non stationary signals is multiple frequency
excitation is a white noise and for an signal. So, it requires time frequency
unvoiced signal, the excitation is a periodic analysis. Statement-I is true.
signal.
The SIFT is technique which divide the
Ans. (c) longer time signal to shorter segments of
Sol. Channel rocoder is an analysis synthesis equal length and then compute the Fourier
system. So, statement-I is correct. transform separately.
ENGINEERING
Detailed Solution
So, statement-II is true. 150. Statement (I): For an unstable feedback
But statement II is not correct explanation system, the gain margin is negative or the
is statement-I phase margin is positive.
Hence option (b) is right. Statement (II): For a stable feedback system,
149. Statement (I): PCM requires a very complex both gain margin and phase margin must
RR
encoding and quantization circuitry. be positive.
Statement (II): PCM requires a less Ans. (d)
bandwidth compared to analog systems.
TEE
Sol. For an unstable system, any one of the
Ans. (c)
gain margin and phase margin can be
Sol. Statement 1: PCM requires a very complex negative. For a stable system, both gain
T
encoding and quantization circuitary. This
statement is true.
Statement 2: PCM requires a less band-
margin and phase margin must be
positive.
ASS
width compared to analog systems. statement-I is incorrect as it implies
Statement 2 is false, as PCM requires very phase margin being positive is condition
large bandwidth compared to analog of unstability which is false.
MA
systems.
S M
IEIES

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ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATION

can be approximated for an ideal input ac

The advantage of using a class-B push pull

(a) A negligible power loss at no input

compensation capacitor C1 = 30pF, the

Sol. Class-B push pull transistor amplifier has

(d) Input resistance R i = 0, output 

(a) Negative (b) Positive

(c) 60.6 A and 720 A

Magnetic flux density, B  40 Wb / m  2

To evaluate the generated emf Assuming ideal transformer, to evaluate

16. Crest factor for an alternating current N2 = 5.81  6

18. Consider the following data regarding the C1 = 80µF

will nearly The energy stored in capacitor when 50Mz

(c) 84.4 % (d) 88.4 % E= Ceq V 2

Output = 373 W; 230V, frequency = 50Hz  0.63 J

Pin  473.57 W Flux/pole = 15 mWb

R1  26.67  and R2  26.67 

 0.3 V cell is not connected to an external circuit

voltage of 200 V is applied to the terminals. (b) Electrostatic force

n 4. Dilute Sulphuric acid (H 2SO 4 ) as

2.1 (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 1, 2 and 4 only

Voltage across external resistance

 The active elements of the lead-acid

2. Sponge lead (Pb) : form negative plate

Where: E = Modulus of elasticity

Where: n = number of atoms associated

A = Atomic weight critical stress c (it is the stress required

NA E = Modulus of elasticity

33. A transformer core is wound with a coil

2. Working point : represents the

3. Softening point : the maximum power loss due to hysteresis will be

4. Annealing point : temperature at

Ans. (a) Pe1  4Pe2 = 4 × 400

current loss (a) Anisotropic effect

V2 during its transition to the

Ph1  Pe2  750 Ans. (c)

meaningful digits used to express a (b) 1, 2 and 4 only

more number of significant figures because (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

resistance of 100 is to be converted into a

(where, Am is meter reading, and C 1 1

42. Unit step response of first order system with

Ans. (d) Sol.

4. The upper operating limit of 1. Dielectric constant

3. The capacitance changes due to  Tree is a subgraph where all nodes

Which one of the following is the property

transducers: (c) Algebraic sum of the row entries of

(d) 6,10,6 and 10 

(a) tlim f t  3 (b) tlim f t  2 V1 = z11I1 + z12I2

(c) tlim f t   1 (d) tlim f t  4 When output is open

S6 z12  10

Ans. (c) 58. In a series R-L circuit, R is 10 and L is

(a) h12 = h21 (b) h12 = h22 Ans. (a)

Sol. Given,  100  1000 

z   4  j3.14   61. A three-phase full wave rectifier with

(b) 3.33  70.5º A 62. If TA = 50ºC, TJ = 200ºC and

63. In a differential amplifier, there are two

V2 = 50V  V02 = A CM2 VCM2  A DM2 VDM2

Common mode input ( VCM1 ) = A CM2 VCM2  A CM2CMRR VDM2

V1  V2 = A CM2 1000 V  100  100 V 

register and a 15 kHz clock frequency. The

Resolution = 6 to decode the output. Hence, A finite state