cellulose and chitin

long hydrocarbon chains

fats that remain liquid at room temperature

any molecule that does not contain carbon

Monosaccharides Single sugar molecules;

glucose, fructose, galactose

triglyceride a lipid made of three fatty acid

molecules and one glycerol molecule

Disaccharide made of sugar; contains carbon, hydrogen,

and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio

Carbohydrates A double sugar, consisting of two

monosaccharides joined by dehydration
synthesis; Sucrose, lactose, maltose

Polysaccharides many sugars; Starch, glycogen, chitin,

cellulose

True or False

fat solidity is due to... ? Organic molecule

Oils and fats are made of one or more _____ ____ ________ ? fatty acid subunits

A molecule containing carbon ? Inorganic molecule

waxes form a... ? waterproof coatingfat solidity is due to... ? Organic molecule

Oils and fats are made of one or more _____ ____ ________ ? fatty acid subunits

A molecule containing carbon ? Inorganic molecule

waxes form a... ? waterproof coating

polar heads are... ? Water insoluable

Monomers are joined together through ______________ ___________; loss of a water

(H20) molecule

Made of four rings of carbon fused together

a lipid made of three fatty acid molecules and one glycerol molecule
Energy storage, waterproofing, membranes in cells, sex hormones

sugar found in DNA

non polar fatty acid "tails"

Phospholipids are both _____________ and ______________

long hydrocarbon chains

cholesterol, estrogen, testosterone

Single sugar molecules;

glucose, fructose, galactose

5 Matching questions

waterproof coating starch and glycogen

single or double carbon bonds waxes form a...

What are the two storage polysaccharides? carbohydrates, lipids,

proteins, nucleic acids

What are the two structural Polysaccharides? cellulose and

chitin

What are the four main polymers? fat solidity is due

to...

True or false

oils, fats, waxes, phospholipids, steroids ? Polysaccharides

fat that is solid at room temperature ? Saturated fat

Oils and fats are made of one or more _____ ____ ________ ? types of lipids

large chains of non polar hydrocarbons ? Steroids

many sugars; Starch, glycogen, chitin, cellulose ? Polysaccharides

A molecule containing carbon

large chains of non polar hydrocarbons

fat solidity is due to...

waxes form a...

Single sugar molecules;
glucose, fructose, galactose

5 Matching questions

fatty acid subunits Phospholipids are both _____________ and

______________

glycosidic bond Energy storage, waterproofing, membranes

in cells, sex hormones

hydrophobic, hydrophilic lipids are our bodies source of ____ ____

______

functions of lipids Monosaccharide to monosaccharide specific

covalent bonds

long term energy Oils and fats are made of one or more _____
____ ________

5 Multiple choice questions

Monomers are joined together through ______________ ___________; loss of a water
(H20) molecule

many sugars; Starch, glycogen, chitin, cellulose

A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together

fats that remain liquid at room temperature

cellulose and chitin

5 True/False questions
sugar found in RNA ? Ribose

sugar found in DNA ? Deoxyribose

long hydrocarbon chains ? water soluble

polymers are made of subunits called __________ ? Monomers

Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water ? triglyceride

5 Written questions
green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis

group of similar cells that perform a particular function

a cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other
materials are carried from one part of the cell to another

a long, hairlike structure that grows out of a cell and enables the cell to move

A collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body

5 Matching questions

cilium a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for
growth and reproduction

cell wall the aqueous part of the cytoplasm within which various particles and
organelles are suspended

nucleus strong supporting layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and
some bacteria

cell tiny, hairlike structures that aids single celled structures in

movement

cytosol the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms

5 Multiple choice questions

A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

one of the small, tubular fibers composed of the protein tubulin that are found in
the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, that compose the cytoskeleton, and that play a
role in cell structure and movement

small particle in the cell on which proteins are assembled; made of RNA and protein

Organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the
energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy

Thin outer boundary of a cell that regulates the traffic of chemicals between the
cell and its surroundings

5 True/False questions
A double layer of phospholipids that makes up plasma and organelle membranes ?
plastid

a jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended ? flagellum

group of plant organelles that are used for storage of starches, lipids, or
pigments ? plastid

idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of
structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing
cells ? microtubule

cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that
are more convenient for the cell to use ? lysosome

Written questions
network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain its
shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement

the aqueous part of the cytoplasm within which various particles and organelles are
suspended

A double layer of phospholipids that makes up plasma and organelle membranes

A collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body

A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

5 Matching questions

ribosome

tissue

flagellum

cilium

cytoplasm
a jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
a long, hairlike structure that grows out of a cell and enables the cell to move
tiny, hairlike structures that aids single celled structures in movement
small particle in the cell on which proteins are assembled; made of RNA and protein
group of similar cells that perform a particular function
5 Multiple choice questions
a tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell

a large vacuole that rests at the center of most plant cells and is filled with a
solution that contains a high concentration of solutes
A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast, used to convert light energy into
chemical energy.

strong supporting layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some
bacteria

Organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the
energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy

5 True/False questions
group of organs that work together to perform a specific function ? organ system

in animal cells, a cytoplasmic organelle that organizes the mitotic spindle fibers
during cell reproductions ? centriole

idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of
structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing
cells ? microtubule

The organelle where ribosomes are made, synthesized and partially assembled,
located in the nucleus ? nucleolus

green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy used to carry out
photosynthesis ? chloroplast

Written questions
idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of
structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing
cells

A double layer of phospholipids that makes up plasma and organelle membranes

a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and
reproduction

a long, hairlike structure that grows out of a cell and enables the cell to move

green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis

5 Matching questions

organ strong supporting layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and
some bacteria
centriole A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

eukaryote in animal cells, a cytoplasmic organelle that organizes the mitotic

spindle fibers during cell reproductions

organelle a tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within
the cell

cell wall A collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of

the body

5 Multiple choice questions

small particle in the cell on which proteins are assembled; made of RNA and protein

The organelle where ribosomes are made, synthesized and partially assembled,
located in the nucleus

cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that
are more convenient for the cell to use

A solid rod of actin protein in the cytoplasm of almost all eukaryotic cells,
making up part of the cytoskeleton and acting alone or with myosin to cause cell
contraction.

one of the small, tubular fibers composed of the protein tubulin that are found in
the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, that compose the cytoskeleton, and that play a
role in cell structure and movement

5 True/False questions
the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms ? cilium

stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the
endoplasmic reticulum ? mitochondrion

Organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the
energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy ? chlorophyll

group of similar cells that perform a particular function ? plastid

a jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended ? flagellum

Written questions
sugar in DNA

ribonucleic acid; nucleic acid in cells

storage form of glucose in plants

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

storage form of glucose in animals

5 Matching questions

Saccharide most common monomer of carbohydrates

Cellulose functions include: support, metabolism, transport, defense,

regulation, and motion

Nucleotide sugar monomers or polymers that build carbohydrates

Proteins the most abundant carbohydrate on Earth and only found in plats

Sugar Glucose monomer which makes up nucleic acid (polymer)

5 Multiple choice questions

sugar in RNA

polymers made up of nucleotides (monomers)

mono = one saccharide = sugar; single sugar molecule ex: glucose, fructose, ribose,
deoxyribose

monomers (subunits) of proteins; peptides form dipeptides and polypeptides

subunits or building blocks that build polymers

5 True/False questions
insoluble in water; also include fats, oils, cholesterol, and waxes
used for energy production and for cell structure ? Disaccharide

adenine + ribose modified by addition of 3 (tri) phosphate groups ? ATP

a phosphate, a 5-carbon sugar, and a nitrogen containing base (nitrogenous base) ?

Four Organic Molecule Categories

includes:
adenine (A)
guanine (G)
cytosine (C)
uracil (U) ? Nucleotide of RNA

di = two; two bonded sugar molecule ex: sucrose (glucose plus fructose), maltose
(two glucose molecules) ? Monosaccharides

Written questions
insoluble in water; also include fats, oils, cholesterol, and waxes

used for energy production and for cell structure

ribonucleic acid; nucleic acid in cells

converted into monomers, fatty acids, and glycerol

monomers (subunits) of proteins; peptides form dipeptides and polypeptides

nucleotide; energy molecule of most living things

5 Matching questions

ribose

Cellulose

Deoxyribose

Saccharide

Sugar Glucose
most common monomer of carbohydrates
sugar in RNA
sugar monomers or polymers that build carbohydrates
sugar in DNA
the most abundant carbohydrate on Earth and only found in plats
5 Multiple choice questions
di = two; two bonded sugar molecule ex: sucrose (glucose plus fructose), maltose
(two glucose molecules)

serve as an energy source and have structural functions

poly = many; has many bonded sugar molecules ex: starch

includes:
adenine (A)
guanine (G)
cytosine (C)
thymine (T)

functions include: support, metabolism, transport, defense, regulation, and motion

5 True/False questions
a phosphate, a 5-carbon sugar, and a nitrogen containing base (nitrogenous base) ?
Four Organic Molecule Categories

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids ? Carbohydrates (sugars)

subunits or building blocks that build polymers ? Proteins

polymers made up of nucleotides (monomers) ? Nucleotide

storage form of glucose in animals ? Glycogen

Written questions
encompasses all the chemical reactions that occur in a cell

Species
Genus
Family
Order
Phylum
Kingdom
Domain

the most diverse ecosystem

the discipline of identifying and naming organisms; organized from least inclusive
to most inclusive

found in domain Archea and Bacteria; unicellular and do not have a nucleus

5 Matching questions

Biology
Cell

Domain

Atom

Biospehere
highest level of an organization
the scientific study of life
smallest living unit of life
the most inclusive and general level of classification; 3: Domain Bacteria, Domain
Archea, Domain Eukarya
basic nonliving units of life
5 Multiple choice questions
binomial name with two-parts, the first being the genus and the second being the
species with the genus

Observation
Hypothesis
Experiment
Conclusion
Scientific Theory

the maintenance of internal conditions with certain boundaries

Atom->Small Molecule->Large Molecule->Cell->Tissue->Organ->Organ System->Organism

Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

5 True/False questions
the physical environment that a community lives in ? Ecosystem

populations live together to form a community and interact among themselves ?

Ecosystem

the capacity to do work ? Rain Forest

found in domain Eukarya; multi-cellar and have a nuclues ? Eukaryotes

all members of a species within a particular area ? Homeostasis

Written questions
the most diverse ecosystem

found in domain Archea and Bacteria; unicellular and do not have a nucleus

all members of a species within a particular area

Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

binomial name with two-parts, the first being the genus and the second being the
species with the genus

5 Matching questions

Atom

Biology

Cell

Community

Domain
populations live together to form a community and interact among themselves
the scientific study of life
smallest living unit of life
the most inclusive and general level of classification; 3: Domain Bacteria, Domain
Archea, Domain Eukarya
basic nonliving units of life
5 Multiple choice questions
highest level of an organization

encompasses all the chemical reactions that occur in a cell

Atom->Small Molecule->Large Molecule->Cell->Tissue->Organ->Organ System->Organism

the maintenance of internal conditions with certain boundaries

Observation
Hypothesis
Experiment
Conclusion
Scientific Theory
5 True/False questions
the physical environment that a community lives in ? Ecosystem

the capacity to do work ? Energy

the discipline of identifying and naming organisms; organized from least inclusive
to most inclusive ? Taxonomy

Species
Genus
Family
Order
Phylum
Kingdom
Domain ? Order from least to most inclusive

found in domain Eukarya; multi-cellar and have a nuclues ? Eukaryotes

Channel Proteins
Transport Proteins
Cell Recognition Proteins
Receptor Proteins
Enzymatic Proteins
Junction Proteins
embedded with proteins; present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells proteo-
lipid or lipo-protein
vesicles produced by the Golgi Apparatus; contain digestive enzymes
a lattice of protein filaments and tubules that maintain the shape of the cell and
assists in the movement of organelles
consists of the nuclear envelope, the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum, the
Golgi Apparatus, and many small membranous sacs called vesicles

5 Matching questions
Eukaryotic Cells small structures located in eukaryotic cells; differ in
structure and function
Organelles Protists, Fungi, Plants, and Animals; have a membrane-
bounded nucleus that houses the DNA, which formes the genes and is located in
chromosomes
Plant Cell Walls all plant cells have a cell wall to provide additional
protection beside the cell membrane
Eukaryotic Cell one of the two main types of cells created by cell
division; eu meaning true; has a nucleus that houses its DNA
Plasma Membrane outer membran?e of the cell also called cell
membrane; regulates what enters and exits the cells; marks the boundary between the
inside and outside of a cell

5 Multiple choice questions

one of the two main types of cells created by cell division; pro meaning before and
karyon meaning nucleus; lack a nucleus; the DNA is located in a region of the
cytoplasm called the nucleoid (EX: Bacteria)
like vesicles, membranous sacs, but vacuoles are larger than vesicles

one of two eukaryotic membranous organelles that specialize in energy conversion;

(single: mitochondrion) breakdown carbohydrates to produce adenosine triphosphate
(ATP) the energy molecule

does not have ribosomes; synthesizes lipids

organelles located in eukaryotic cells; nucleus contains genetic material and DNA;
ribosomes are located in the cytoplasm where protein is made (site of protein
synthesis)

5 True/False questions
semifluid substance enclosed by the plasma membrane ? Cytoplasm

studded with ribosomes and are able to synthesize proteins ? Rough ER

chloroplasts in plant cells and mitochondria in both plant and animal cells ?
Energy Relates Organelles

one function of the plasma membrane; regulates the passage of molecules and ions in
and out of the cell ? Gate Keeper

one of two eukaryotic membranous organelles that specialize in energy conversion;

use solar energy to synthesize carbohydrates; ? Chloroplasts

Written questions
ER consists of complicated system of membranous channels or saccules (flattened
vesicles); physically continuous with the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope
a lattice of protein filaments and tubules that maintain the shape of the cell and
assists in the movement of organelles
one of the two main types of cells created by cell division; pro meaning before and
karyon meaning nucleus; lack a nucleus; the DNA is located in a region of the
cytoplasm called the nucleoid (EX: Bacteria)
Channel Proteins
Transport Proteins
Cell Recognition Proteins
Receptor Proteins
Enzymatic Proteins
Junction Proteins
embedded with proteins; present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells proteo-
lipid or lipo-protein
5 Matching questions
Cytoplasm semifluid substance enclosed by the plasma membrane
Rough ER does not have ribosomes; synthesizes lipids
Smooth ER like vesicles, membranous sacs, but vacuoles are larger than vesicles
Vacuoles vesicles produced by the Golgi Apparatus; contain digestive enzymes
Lysosomes studded with ribosomes and are able to synthesize proteins

5 Multiple choice questions

Protists, Fungi, Plants, and Animals; have a membrane-bounded nucleus that houses
the DNA, which formes the genes and is located in chromosomes

all plant cells have a cell wall to provide additional protection beside the cell
membrane

one of two eukaryotic membranous organelles that specialize in energy conversion;

use solar energy to synthesize carbohydrates;

one function of the plasma membrane; regulates the passage of molecules and ions in
and out of the cell

small structures located in eukaryotic cells; differ in structure and function

5 True/False questions
outer membran?e of the cell also called cell membrane; regulates what enters and
exits the cells; marks the boundary between the inside and outside of a cell ?
Plasma Membrane

one of the two main types of cells created by cell division; eu meaning true; has a
nucleus that houses its DNA ? Eukaryotic Cell

consists of the nuclear envelope, the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum, the
Golgi Apparatus, and many small membranous sacs called vesicles ? Eukaryotic Cells

chloroplasts in plant cells and mitochondria in both plant and animal cells ?
Energy Relates Organelles
one of two eukaryotic membranous organelles that specialize in energy conversion;
(single: mitochondrion) breakdown carbohydrates to produce adenosine triphosphate
(ATP) the energy molecule ? Mitochondria

Written questions
Phylum of the animal kingdom consisting of the sponges
Example of a chordate
The process of grouping things based on their similarities.
Group of similar families
Plants that reproduce using seeds and are vascular. Some have flowers.
5 Matching questions
jointed legs
invertebrates
vertebrate
Platylhelminths
Spiny skinned
Arthropoda means
An animal with a backbone
Animals without backbones
Tape worms and flat worms
What does echinoderm mean?
5 Multiple choice questions
The system of nomenclature in which two terms are used to denote a species of
living organism, the first one indicating the Genus and the second the species.

A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.

Example of a chordate

Swedish botanist who proposed the modern system of biological nomenclature (1707-
1778)

Group of similar orders

5 True/False questions
The phylum of the animal kingdom that includes vertebrates. They have a nerve cord
protected by a backbone. ? Chordata

Flowerless, seedless, vascular plants having roots, stems, and fronds and
reproducing by spores. ? Ferns
Group of genera that share many characteristics ? Class

A key for the identification of organisms based on a series of choices between

alternative characters. ? Arthropoda

In classification, a group of closely related classes ? Kingdom