1. A section of the left lung was found to have an area of dense red tissue.

The area was cone-

shaped, stood out distinctly from the healthy tissue, with its base directed to the pleura. The
dissected tissue was granular, dark-red. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Haemorrhagic infarction
B. Lung abscess
C. Lung gangrene
D. Primary tuberculous affection
E. Croupous pneumonia
2. Microscopy of the bronchial wall revealed atrophy of the mucosa, metaplastic change from
columnar to squamous epithelium, an increase in the number of goblet cells, diffuse infiltration
of the bronchial wall with lymphoplasmacytic elements with a large number of neutrophilic
granulocytes, pronounced sclerosis. Spesify the morphological form of bronchitis:
A. Chronic purulent bronchitis
B. Acute bronchitis
C. Polypoid chronic bronchitis
D. Acute purulent bronchitis
E. Chronic bronchitis
3. Chronic inflammation and transformation of the one-layer ciliated epithelium into multiple-
layers flat epithelium was revealed in the thickened mucous membrane of the bronchus bioptate
of the patient with smoke abuse. Which of the processes is the most likely?
A. Metaplasia
B. Hyperplasia of the epithelium
C. Squamous cancer
D. Leucoplacia
E. Epithelium hypertrophy
4. Examination of a bronchial tissue sample revealed atrophy of mucous membrane, cystic
degeneration of glands, focal metaplastic changes of lining prismatic epithelial cells into
multilayer squamous cells; increase in goblet cell number; in some parts of bronchial wall and
especially in the mucous membrane there was marked cellular inflammatory infiltration and
growth of granulation tissue bulging into the bronchial lumen in form of a polyp. What is the
most likely diagnosis?
A. Chronic bronchitis
B. Lobar pneumonia
C. Acute bronchitis
D. Bronchopneumonia
E. Interstitial pneumonia
5. A patient who abuses smoking has chronic bronchitis. Biopsy of his primary bronchus
revealed multilayer pavement epithelium. What pathological process was revealed in the
bronchus?
A. Metaplasia
B. Physiological regeneration
C. Reparative regeneration
D. Hyperplasia
E. Dysplasia
6. Pulmonary examination of a patient who has worked as a stone grinder for 9 years revealed
small dense roundish nodules consisting of connective tissue. The nodules were found to have
peripheral macrophages. Such pulmonary alterations are indicative of the following disease:
A. Silicosis
B. Acute pneumonia
C. Multiple bronchiectasis
D. Chronic bronchitis
E. Bronchial asthma
7. Autopsy of a man with a malignant stomach tumour who had died from cancer intoxication
revealed in the postero-inferior lung fields some dense, grayish-red irregular foci protruding
above the section surface. Microscopic examination revealed exudate containing a large amount
of neutrophils in the lumen and walls of small bronchi and alveoles. Such pulmonary alterations
indicate the following disease:
A. Acute purulent bronchopneumonia
B. Acute bronchitis
C. Croupous pneumonia
D. Intermittent pneumonia
E. Acute serous bronchopneumonia
8. A patient died from cardiopulmonary decompensation. Histological examination revealed
diffused pulmonary affection along with interstitial edema, infiltration of tissue by limphocytes,
macrophages, plasmocytes; pulmonary fibrosis, panacinar emphysema. What is the most likely
diagnosis?
A. Fibrosingalveolitis
B. Chronic bronchitis
C. Bronchopneumonia
D. Pulmonary atelectasis
E. Bronchial asthma
9. A 49-year-old patient with croupous pneumonia died from pneumococcal septicemia. Autopsy
revealed up to 700 ml of turbid greenish-yellow foul-smelling liquid in the left pleural cavity.
The pleural leaflets were dull and plethoric. What form of pleural inflammation is it?
A. Empyema
B. Chronic abscess
C. Acute abscess
D. Phlegmon
E. Fibrinous inflammation
10. A patient who has been abusing tobacco smoking for a long time has got cough accompanied
by excretion of viscous mucus; weakness after minor physical stress, pale skin. The patient has
also lost 12,0 kg of body weight. Endoscopic examination of biosy material his illness was
diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma. Name a pathological process that preceded formation of
the tumour:
A. Metaplasia
B. Hypoplasia
C. Hyperplasia
D. Necrosis
E. Sclerosis
11. A 2 year old child had acute respiratory viral infection and died from cardiopulmonary
decompensation. Autopsy revealed that his right lung was hyperemic; in the 2nd, 6th and 10th
segments and on the incision there were airless yellowish foci of irregular form, from several
mm up to 1 cm large. Microscopically examination revealed exudate consisting mainly of
neutrophils in the given areas of pulmonary tissue in the alveoles, bronchioles and bronchial
tubes. What is the most probable diagnosis?
A. Focal pneumonia
B. Interstitial pneumonia
C. Croupous pneumonia
D. Acute bronchitis
E. Pulmonary abscess
12. A man had worked in a coal mine for over 20 years. After his death autopsy revealed that his
lungs were dense, grayish-black and had large areas of neogenic connective tissue containing a
lot of microphages with black pigment in the cytoplasm. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Anthracosis
B. Anthracosilicosis
C. Silicoanthracosis
D. Talcosis
E. Siderosis
13. Autopsy of a 50-year-old man revealed the following changes: his right lung was moderately
compact in all parts, the dissected tissue was found to be airless, fine-grained, dryish. Visceral
pleura had greyish-brown layers of fibrin. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Croupous pneumonia
B. Tuberculosis
C. Bronchopneumonia
D. Interstitial pneumonia
E. Pneumofibrosis
14. Autopsy of a man who had been working as a miner for many years and died from
cardiopulmonary decompensation revealed that his lungs were airless, sclerosed, their apexex
had emphysematous changes, the lung surface was greyish-black, the incised lung tissue was
coal-black. What disease caused death?
A. Anthracosis
B. Silicosis
C. Talcosis
D. Asbestosis
E. Aluminosis
15. The upper lobe of the right lung is enlarged, grey and airless, the incision surface is dripping
with turbid liquid, the pleura has many fibrinogenous films; microscopical examination of
alveoles revealed exudate containing neutrophils, desquamated alveolocytes and fibrin fibers.
The bronchus wall is intact. What is the most probable diagnosis?
A. Croupous pneumonia
B. Interstitial pneumonia
C. Pulmonary abscess
D. Focal pneumonia
E. Influenzal pneumonia
16. Autopsy of a patient who suffered from croupous pneumonia and died from pneumococcal
sepsis revealed 900 ml of turbid greenish-yellow liquid in the right pleural cavity. Pleural leaves
are dull, plethoric. Name the clinicopathological form of inflammation in the pleural cavity:
A. Empyema
B. Fibrinous inflammation
C. Phlegmon
D. Chronic abscess
E. Acute abscess
17. A forensic medical expert examines the body of a 58 y.o. man who had been consuming
large amounts of alcohol for a long time and died at home. Microscopicaly: the right lung is
dense and enlarged, its incision revealed that the tissue is greyish and homogenous, pleura is
covered with greyish layers. Microscopically - alveolar cavities contain fibrin, hemolyzed
erythrocytes. Make a diagnosis:
A. Croupous pneumonia
B. Focal pneumonia
C. Interstitial pneumonia
D. Primary pulmonary tuberculosis
E. Caseous pneumonia
18. Autopsy revealed that right lung is enlarged, solid, there are fibrin layers on the pleura. Lung
tissue is light grey color on incision with muddy liqued exudates. What lung disease are these
symptoms typical for?
A. Croupous pneumonia
B. Bronchopneumonia
C. Interstitial pneumonia
D. Pulmonary gangrene
E. Fibrosing alveolitis
19. On autopsy the dissector determined that the lungs are enlarged, pale, soft, do not deflate,
crunch when cut. Microscopically there are dilated alveolar ducts, alveolar septa are thin, and
signs of intracapillary sclerosis are observed. What pulmonary disorder are these presentations
characteristic of?
A. Emphysema
B. Pneumonia
C. Pneumosclerosis
D. Atelectasis
E. Pneumothorax
20. Macroscopic examination of lung tissue revealed some areas of excessive airiness with small
bubbles, histological examination registered thinning and rupture of alveolar septa and formation
of big multiform cavities. What disease was revealed in the lung?
A. Pulmonary emphysema
B. Multiple bronchiectasis
C. Cavernous tuberculosis
D. Chronic bronchitis
E. Fibrosing alveolitis
21. A section of pulmonary tissue has a large-meshed look due to the sacciform and cylindric
dilatation of the bronchi; microscopical examination of the bronchial wall reveals a leucocytal
infiltration with neutrophil prevalence; elastic, muscle fibers as well as cartilage plates are partly
destroyed and replaced by the connective tissue. The adjacent pulmonary tissue has
inflammation foci, fibrosis areas, vascular sclerosis and signs of emphysema. The right ventricle
hypertrophy is present.What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Multiple bronchiectasis
B. Pulmonary emphysema
C. Interstitial pneumonia
D. Pneumofibrosis
E. Chronic bronchitis
22. An autopsy of the body of a 56-year-old man, who was suffering from secondary
tuberculosis, has revealed large areas of sclerosis in the I-II segments of the right lung. Tissue
surrounding affected areas is pale, soft, convex; crunches when cut; does not recede. Specify the
changes occuring in the tissues surrounding sclerosis focus.
A. Focal emphysema
B. Bronchiectasis
C. Pneumothorax
D. Atelectasis
E. Abscess
23. During autopsy of a 34-year-olod man, who died of chronic kidney failure due to renal
amyloidosis, in the lungs (mainly in the lower lobes) the pathologist detected multiple bronchial
dilations filled with purulent masses accumulated in the bronchial lumen. Surface of the lungs
section has fine-meshed pattern and resembles a honeycomb. Histologically there is a chronic
inflammation detected in the bronchial wall, muscle fibers are replaced with connective tissue.
These changes in the lungs can be defined as:
A. Bronchiectases
B. Lung abscesses
C. Chronic bronchitis
D. Chronic pneumonia
E. Bronchopneumonia
24. Autopsy of the body of a man, who for a long time had been working at the factory with high
content of silicon dioxide in the air, revealed enlarged dense lungs with numerous round and
oval sclerotic foci. The foci were miliary and larger in size and colored gray or gray-black. What
is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Nodular silicosis
B. Asbestosis
C. Diffuse sclerotic silicosis
D. Anthracosilicosis
E. Silicoanthracosis
25. A 45-year-old man with a history of left-sided croupous pneumonia died of multiple traumas
received as the result of a car accident. On autopsy in the lower lobe of his left lung it’s
posterolateral wall is attached to the chest wall with fibrous adhesions. The lobe is diminished,
dense, fleshy on section, grayish-pink in color, its pieces sink, when placed in water. Historical
analysis reveals diffuse excessive growth of fibrous connective tissue in these areas. Name this
complication of croupous pneumonia:
A. Carneous degeneration
B. Atelectasis
C. Gangrene
D. Abscess
E. Emphysema