ME/E/C/MEB ENGINE- FUNCTION OF ROTARY ENCODER OR TACHO

TO UNDERSTAND FUEL INJECTION AND VALVE ACTUATION. FIRST WE MUST

UNDERSTAND THE BASIC FUNCTION OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF ROTARY ENCODERS

ROTARY ENCODERS ARE TWO TYPES ABSOLUTE AN INCREAMENTAL, AND THIS ENCODERS

COULD BE OPTICAL TYPE INDUCTIVE TYPE OR ANY OTHER TYPE. BASICALLY ALL WE NEED IS

1&0 (low or high), WHICH I CAN FEED TO MY COMPUTER.

THE ABOVE IMAGE WILL GIVE US AN IDEA OF OPTICAL TYPE ENCODER, ON THE LEFT IS A DISC FOR
AN ABSOLUTE ENCODER. IF I HAVE THREE OR FOUR LEDS ON ONE SIDE OF THE DISC AND THE OTHER SIDE OF THE
DISC I HAVE FOUR FOTO TRANSISTOR THEN AS THE LIGHT WILL PASS THROUGH THE SLOT IN THE DISC ON TO A
PARTICULAR FOTO TRANSISTOR THEN THAT PARTICULAR TRANSISTOR WILL ACTIVATE AND GIVE ME 1 ALL OTHER
TIME IT WILL GIVE ME’0’.

SO IF I HAVE FOUR TRANSISTOR AND WHEN THE DISC ROTATES IT CAN BE ARRANGED THAT AT A
PARTICULAR ANGLE OF THE DISC I WILL GET THE FOLLOWING OUTPUT.

0000

0001

0010

0100

1000

0011

0110 AND SO ON. SO IF THAT DISC IS ATTACHED TO THE CRANK SHAFT OF THE MAIN ENGINE, I CAN
EXACTLY SAY WHAT IS THE ANGULAR POSITION OF THE SHAFT AND BECAUSE THE PISTONS ARE ATTACHED TO THE
CRANK SHAFT I CAN EXACTLY PREDICT THE POSITION OF THE PISTON, WHETHER IT IS AT TDC, BDC, OR ANY OTHER
POSITION IN OTHER WORDS I CAN DECIDE THE EXACT TIME OF FUEL INJECTION, EXUAST VALVE CLOSING ETC.

OF COURSE WE HAVE TO FEED THIS BINARY OUT PUT TO AN ENCODER AND A DECODER.
 NOW LET US TALK ABOUT THE PICTURE ON THE RIGHT, (which is also called a quadrature) THIS IS AN
INCREAMENTAL ENCODER. INCREAMENTAL ENCODER CAN NOT GIVE PRECISE POSITION OF THE SHAFT BUT IT GIVES
US WHETHER THE ENGINE IS RUNNING IN AHEAD OR ASTERN DIRECTION AND THE RPM.

WE CAN SEE IN THE RIGHT HAND SIDE PICTURE THREE LEDS TWO ON TOP AND ONE AT THE BOTTOM
AND ON THE OTHER SIDE OF THE DISC THE FOTO TRANSISTOR TWO ON TOP AND ONE AT THE BOTTOM.

THE TOP TWO WILL GIVE A PULSE WHICH WILL BE 50 DEGREE OFF CENTER

SO AS PER THE PICTURE THE FORWARD MOTION PULSES ARE

00,10,11,01,00 AND THE REVERSE PULSES ARE 00,01,11,10. AND THE BOTTOM
TRANSISTOR AND BOTTOM LIGHT GIVES ME ONE PULSE FOR EACH COMPLETE 360 DEGREE
ROTATION. (SO I KNOW THE RPM.). SO NOW I KNOW WHETHER THE ENGINE IS IN AHEAD DIRECTION OR
ASTERN.AN ALSO THE RPM.

THE IMAGE AT THE BOTTOM SHOWS TWO DIFFERENT TYPE OF SENSORS. MMA & MSA, AND
MMB&MSB.(master&slave). MMA&MSA IS IN USE, MMB&MSB IS STAND BY, ALSO WE SEE Q1A,Q1B&Q2A,Q2B.THE
HALF ROUND DARK CIRCLE THAT WE SEE IS A SEPARATE PLATE BOLTED ON THE FLY WHEEL.

SEE THE PICTURE ABOVE MMA IS TRUE REST ALL ARE FALSE AT PRESENT STATE OF THE FLY WHEEL. AS IT TURNS LITTLE MORE
MMA& MMB WILL BE TRUE REST FALSE AND SO ON. QUDRATURE Q1A&Q2A ARE FALSE, Q2A&Q2B ARE TRUE. THIS SIGNALS WILL GO TO A
DECODER, SO WE MUST STUDY AND UNDERSTAND THE FUNCTION OF ENCODER AND DECODER ALSO WE SHOULD UNDER STAND THE FUNCTION .
 PROXIMITY SWITCHES CAN ALSO BE USED AS POSITION INDICATORS IF WE SEE Q1A&Q1B OR Q2A&Q2B, WE CAN SEE THAT
WHEN THE FLY WHEEL TEETH IS JUST BELOW IT WILL GIVE A PULSE HIGH AND WHEN THE TEETH PASSES IT WILL BE LOW. SO I AM GETTING ‘1’ AND
‘0’.

THIS IS AN ADDITIONAL SENSOR FITTED ON THE NON DRIVING END OF THE ENGINE(forward side). WHICH IS CALLED A
REFERENCE SENSOR, WE CAN ALWAYS COMPARE THIS OUT PUT WHICH WILL ALSO BE EXACTLY SAME SIGNAL THAT WE ARE GETTING FROM THE
FLY WHEEL SIDE IF THEY MIS MATCH THEN IMMIDIETLY WE CAN DIAGNOSE A FAULT.
 OUT PUT FROM THIS ENCODERS ARE SENT TO EICU AND ECU. EICU IS AN INETFACE UNIT WHICH SENDS SIGNAL AND RECIEVES
SIGNAL FROM ALL THE UNITS AND CONTROLLERS .

THE IMAGE AT THE BOTTOM GIVES US AN IDEA WHAT EACH UNIT IS CALLED AND WHAT ARE THEIR FUNCTIONS.

IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE INSTRUCTIONS IT IS ADVISABLE TO SEE THE HAND BOOK PROVIDED BY B&W ON M.E.E/MEC .

THE INPUTS THAT ARE GIVEN ARE POWER , 4~20 MILIAMPS AS WELL AS SOME SWITCHES
LIKE TURNING GEAR MICRO SWITCH CONTROLL AIR AND STARTING AIR, SCAVANGE AIR ETC. PRESSURE
AND TEMPERATURE SWITCHES WILL GIVE AN INPUT EITHER 1 OR 0, BUT WHAT ABOUT 4~20 MILIAMP
SENSOR. IT MAY GIVE 4 MILIAMP( ‘0’ PRESSURE OR 20 MILIAMPS (MAXIMUM PRESSURE), WHICH IS
ANALOG INPUT A COMPUTER CAN NOT HANDLE THIS.(it only understand1or0). SO IT MEANS THAT WE
HAVE TO CONVERT IT TO DIGITAL VALUES. SAME WAY FIELD OUT PUT UNITS CAN NOT OPERATE ON
DIGITAL OUT PUT ,TO OPERATE A LIGHT OR A SOLENOID, MOTOR ETC IT NEEDS ANALOG OUT PUT, LIKE 24
DC OR 230A/C OR 440 A/C.

SO WE GOT TO HAVE CONVERTERS,WHICH WILL CONVERT ANALOG TO DIGITAL AND VICE

VERSA. THIS ARE TAUGHT IN OUR ELECTRONIC CLASSES(it is advisable to attend electrnic class before
attendingm/e class)

THE NEXT IMAGE THAT WE SEE IS AN EXPLANATION OF HOW SIGNALS ARE INTER LINKED
WITH EACH OTHER.

NOW WE WILL SEE THE MOP FUNCTION. MOP IS MAIN OPERATING PANEL, IT IS HUMAN
MACHINE INTERFACE. IF WE UNDER STAND THE OPERATION PROPERLY AND TO ACCESS THE DIFFERENT
DATA. FOR EXAMPLE IF AN ALARM COMES AND IF I KNOW HOW TO ACCESS, THE MOP ACTUALLY TELLS ME
EXACTLY WHAT IS THE FAULT.
( visual presentation of mop and detail explanation>)