Fundamentals of Nursing : History , Concepts and Theories BIOSPSYCHOSOCIAL BEING.

She believed that by

Correct adaptation, Man can maintain
Answers and Rationales homeostasis.
Fundamentals of Nursing : History , Concepts and Theories 4. According to her, Nursing is a helping or assistive profession
By : Budek to persons who
are wholly or partly dependent or when those who are supposedly
FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING TEST I caring for them
Content Outline are no longer able to give care.
1. Professional Nursing A. Henderson
A. Historical perspectives in nursing B. Orem
B. Nursing as a profession C. Swanson
C. Theories in nursing D. Neuman
D. Health care delivery system * In self care deficit theory, Nursing is defined as A helping or
1. The four major concepts in nursing theory are the assistive profession
A. Person, Environment, Nurse, Health to person who are wholly or partly dependent or when people
B. Nurse, Person, Environment, Cure who are to give
C. Promotive, Preventive, Curative, Rehabilitative care to them are no longer available. Self care, are the activities
D. Person, Environment, Nursing, Health that a person do
* This is an actual board exam question and is a common board for himself to maintain health, life and well being.
question. 5. Nursing is a unique profession, Concerned with all the
Theorist always describes The nursing profession by first variables affecting an
defining what is individual’s response to stressors, which are intra, inter and extra
NURSING, followed by the PERSON, ENVIRONMENT and personal in
HEALTH CONCEPT. The nature.
most popular theory was perhaps Nightingale’s. She defined A. Neuman
nursing as the B. Johnson
utilization of the persons environment to assist him towards C. Watson
recovery. She defined D. Parse
the person as somebody who has a reparative capabilities * Neuman divided stressors as either intra, inter and extra
mediated and personal in nature.
enhanced by factors in his environment. She describes the She said that NURSING is concerned with eliminating these
environment as stressors to obtain a
something that would facilitate the person’s reparative process maximum level of wellness. The nurse helps the client through
and identified PRIMARY,
different factors like sanitation, noise, etc. that affects a person’s SECONDARY AND TERTIARY prevention modes. Please do
reparative state. not confuse this with
2. The act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him LEAVELL and CLARK’S level of prevention.
in his recovery 6. The unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick
is theorized by or well, in the
A. Nightingale performance of those activities contributing to health that he
B. Benner would perform
C. Swanson unaided if he has the necessary strength, will and knowledge, and
D. King do this in such
* Florence nightingale do not believe in the germ theory, and a way as to help him gain independence as rapidly as possible.
perhaps this was A. Henderson
her biggest mistake. Yet, her theory was the first in nursing. She B. Abdellah
believed that C. Levin
manipulation of environment that includes appropriate noise, D. Peplau
nutrition, hygiene, * This was an actual board question. Remember this definition
light, comfort, sanitation etc. could provide the client’s body the and associate it
nurturance it with Virginia Henderson. Henderson also describes the NATURE
needs for repair and recovery. OF NURSING
3. For her, Nursing is a theoretical system of knowledge that theory. She identified 14 basic needs of the client. She describes
prescribes a process nursing roles as
of analysis and action related to care of the ill person SUBSTITUTIVE : Doing everything for the client,
A. King SUPPLEMENTARY : Helping the
B. Henderson client and COMPLEMENTARY : Working with the client.
C. Roy Breathing normally,
D. Leininger Eliminating waste, Eating and drinking adquately, Worship and
* Remember the word “ THEOROYTICAL “ For Callista Roy, Play are some of
Nursing is a the basic needs according to her.
theoretical body of knowledge that prescribes analysis and action 7. Caring is the essence and central unifying, a dominant domain
to care for an ill that
person. She introduced the ADAPTATION MODEL and viewed distinguishes nursing from other health disciplines. Care is an
person as a essential human
need.
A. Benner A. A profession is an organization of an occupational group
B. Watson based on the
C. Leininger application of special knowledge
D. Swanson B. It serves specific interest of a group
* There are many theorist that describes nursing as CARE. The C. It is altruistic
most popular was D. Quality of work is of greater importance than the rewards
JEAN WATSON'S Human Caring Model. But this question * Believe it or not, you should know the definition of profession
pertains to Leininger's according to
definition of caring. CUD I LIE IN GER? [ Could I Lie In Jahoda because it is asked in the Local boards. A profession
There ] Is the Mnemonics I should serve the
am using not to get confused. C stands for CENTRAL , U stands WHOLE COMMUNITY and not just a specific intrest of a
for UNIFYING, D group. Everything else,
stands for DOMINANT DOMAIN. I emphasize on this matter are correct.
due to feedback on 12. Which of the following is NOT an attribute of a professional?
the last June 2006 batch about a question about CARING. A. Concerned with quantity
8. Caring involves 5 processes, KNOWING, BEING WITH, B. Self directed
DOING FOR, ENABLING C. Committed to spirit of inquiry
and MAINTAINING BELIEF. D. Independent
A. Benner * A professional is concerned with QUALITY and not
B. Watson QUANTITY. In nursing, We
C. Leininger have methods of quality assurance and control to evaluate the
D. Swanson effectiveness of
* Caring according to Swanson involves 5 processes. Knowing nursing care. Nurses, are never concerned with QUANTITY of
means care provided.
understanding the client. Being with emphasizes the Physical 13. The most unique characteristic of nursing as a profession is
presence of the A. Education
nurse for the patient. Doing for means doing things for the patient B. Theory
when he is C. Caring
incapable of doing it for himself. Enabling means helping client D. Autonomy
transcend * Caring and caring alone, is the most unique quality of the
maturational and developmental stressors in life while Nursing Profession. It
Maintaining belief is the is the one the delineate Nursing from other professions.
ability of the Nurse to inculcate meaning to these events. 14. This is the distinctive individual qualities that differentiate a
9. Caring is healing, it is communicated through the person to another
consciousness of the nurse to A. Philosophy
the individual being cared for. It allows access to higher human B. Personality
spirit. C. Charm
A. Benner D. Character
B. Watson * Personality are qualities that make us different from each other.
C. Leininger These are
D. Swanson impressions that we made, or the footprints that we leave behind.
* The deepest and spiritual definition of Caring came from Jean This is the
watson. For her, result of the integration of one's talents, behavior, appearance,
Caring expands the limits of openess and allows access to higher mood, character,
human spirit. morals and impulses into one harmonious whole. Philosophy is
10. Caring means that person, events, projects and things matter the basic truth
to people. It that fuel our soul and give our life a purpose, it shapes the facets
reveals stress and coping options. Caring creates responsibility. It of a person's
is an inherent character. Charm is to attract other people to be a change agent.
feature of nursing practice. It helps the nurse assist clients to Character is our
recover in the face moral values and belief that guides our actions in life.
of the illness. 15. Refers to the moral values and beliefs that are used as guides
A. Benner to personal
B. Watson behavior and actions
C. Leininger A. Philosophy
D. Swanson B. Personality
* I think of CARE BEAR to facilitate retainment of BENNER. C. Charm
As in, Care Benner. D. Character
For her, Caring means being CONNECTED or making things * Refer to number 14
matter to people. 16. As a nurse manager, which of the following best describes
Caring according to Benner give meaning to illness and re this function?
establish connection. A. Initiate modification on client’s lifestyle
11. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about profession B. Protect client’s right
according to Marie C. Coordinates the activities of other members of the health team
Jahoda? in managing
patient care
D. Provide in service education programs, Use accurate with the dietician about the age appropriate high protein foods
nursing audit, that can be given
formulate philosophy and vision of the institution to the child, Including the preparation to entice the child into
* A refers to being a change agent. B is a role of a patient eating the food.
advocate. C is a case NOTE : It is still debated if the diet in NS is low, moderate or
manager while D basically summarized functions of a nurse high protein, In the
manager. If you U.S, Protein is never restricted and can be taken in moderate
haven't read Lydia Venzon's Book : NURSING amount. As far as
MANAGEMENT TOWARDS QUALITY the local examination is concerned, answer LOW PROTEIN
CARE, I suggest reading it in advance for your management HIGH CALORIC
subjects in the DIET.
graduate school. Formulating philosophy and vision is in 20. What type of patient care model is the most common for
PLANNING. Nursing Audit student nurses and
is in CONTROLLING, In service education programs are private duty nurses?
included in DIRECTING. A. Total patient care
These are the processes of Nursing Management, I just forgot to B. Team nursing
add C. Primary Nursing
ORGANIZING which includes formulating an organizational D. Case management
structure and plans, * This is also known as case nursing. It is a method of nursing
Staffing and developing qualifications and job descriptions. care wherein, one
17. What best describes nurses as a care provider? nurse is assigned to one patient for the delivery of total care.
A. Determine client’s need These are the
B. Provide direct nursing care method use by Nursing students, Private duty nurses and those in
C. Help client recognize and cope with stressful psychological critical or
situation isolation units.
D. Works in combined effort with all those involved in patient’s 21. This is the best patient care model when there are many
care nurses but few
* You can never provide nursing care if you don't know what are patients.
the needs of the A. Functional nursing
client. How can you provide an effective postural drainage if you B. Team nursing
do not know C. Primary nursing
where is the bulk of the client's secretion. Therefore, the best D. Total patient care
description of a * Total patient care works best if there are many nurses but few
care provider is the accurate and prompt determination of the patients.
client's need to be 22. This patient care model works best when there are plenty of
able to render an appropriate nursing care. patient but few
18. The nurse questions a doctors order of Morphine sulfate 50 nurses
mg, IM for a client A. Functional nursing
with pancreatitis. Which role best fit that statement? B. Team nursing
A. Change agent C. Primary nursing
B. Client advocate D. Total patient care
C. Case manager * Functional nursing is task oriented, One nurse is assigned on a
D. Collaborator particular task
* As a client's advocate, Nurses are to protect the client's right leading to task expertise and efficiency. The nurse will work fast
and promotes because the
what is best for the client. Knowing that Morphine causes spasm procedures are repetitive leading to task mastery. This care is not
of the sphincter recommended
of Oddi and will lead to further increase in the client's pain, The as this leads fragmented nursing care.
nurse knew that 23. RN assumes 24 hour responsibility for the client to maintain
the best treatment option for the client was not provided and continuity of care
intervene to provide across shifts, days or visits.
the best possible care. A. Functional nursing
19. These are nursing intervention that requires knowledge, skills B. Team nursing
and expertise C. Primary nursing
of multiple health professionals. D. Total patient care
A. Dependent * Your keyword in Primary nursing is the 24 hours. This does
B. Independent not necessarily
C. Interdependent means the nurse is awake for 24 hours, She can have a
D. Intradependent SECONDARY NURSES
* Interdependent functions are those that needs expertise and that will take care of the patient in shifts where she is not
skills of multiple arround.
health professionals. Example is when A child was diagnosed 24. Who developed the first theory of nursing?
with nephrotic A. Hammurabi
syndrome and the doctor ordered a high protein diet, Budek then B. Alexander
work together C. Fabiola
D. Nightingale
* Refer to question # 2. Hammurabi is the king of babylon that LEARNED PATTERN OF RESPONSE. Man uses his behavior
introduces the to meet the demands of
LEX TALIONES law, If you kill me, you should be killed... If the environment, and is able to modified his behavior to support
you rob me, You these demands.
should be robbed, An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. 29. Developed the CLINICAL NURSING – A HELPING ART
Alexander the great MODEL
was the son of King Philip II and is from macedonia but he ruled A. Swanson
Greece including B. Hall
Persia and Egypt. He is known to use a hammer to pierce a dying C. Weidenbach
soldier's D. Zderad
medulla towards speedy death when he thinks that the soldier will * Just remember ERNESTINE WEIDENBACHLINICAL.
die anyway, 30. Developed the ROLE MODELING and MODELING theory
just to relieve their suffering. Fabiola was a beautiful roman A. Erickson,Tomlin,Swain
matron who B. Neuman
converted her house into a hospital. C. Newman
25. She introduces the NATURE OF NURSING MODEL. D. Benner and Wrubel
A. Henderson 31. Proposed the GRAND THEORY OF NURSING AS
B. Nightingale CARING
C. Parse A. Erickson, Tomlin, Swain
D. Orlando B. Peterson,Zderad
* Refer to question # 6. C. Bnner,Wrubel
26. She described the four conservation principle. D. Boykin,Schoenhofer
A. Levin * This theory was called GRAND THEORY because boykin and
B. Leininger schoenofer thinks
C. Orlando that ALL MAN ARE CARING, And that nursing is a response to
D. Parse this unique call.
* Myra Levin described the 4 Conservation principles which are According to them, CARING IS A MORAL IMPERATIVE,
concerned with meaning, ALL PEOPLE will
the Unity and Integrity of an individual. These are ENERGY : tend to help a man who fell down the stairs even if he is not
Our output to trained to do so.
facilitate meeting of our needs. STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY : 32. Postulated the INTERPERSONAL ASPECT OF NURSING
We mus maintain the A. Travelbee
integrity of our organs, tissues and systems to be able to function B. Swanson
and prevent C. Zderad
harmful agents entering our body. PERSONAL INTEGRITY : D. Peplau
These refers to our * Travelbee's theory was referred to as INTERPERSONAL
self esteem, self worth, self concept, identify and personality. theory because she
SOCIAL INTEGRITY postulated that NURSING is to assist the individual and all
: Reflects our societal roles to our society, community, family, people that affects this
friends and fellow individual to cope with illness, recover and FIND MEANING to
individuals. this experience. For
27. Proposed the HEALTH CARE SYSTEM MODEL. her, Nursing is a HUMAN TO HUMAN relationship that is
A. Henderson formed during illness. To
B. Orem her, an individual is a UNIQUE and irreplaceable being in
C. Parse continuous process of
D. Neuman becoming, evolving and changing. PLEASE do remember, that it
* Betty Neuman asserted that nursing is a unique profession and is PARSE who
is concerned postulated the theory of HUMAN BECOMING and not
with all the variables affecting the individual's response to TRAVELBEE, for I read books
stressors. These are that say it was TRAVELBEE and not PARSE.
INTRA or within ourselves, EXTRA or outside the individual, 33. He proposed the theory of morality that is based on
INTER means MUTUAL TRUST
between two or more people. She proposed the HEALTH CARE A. Freud
SYSTEM MODEL B. Erikson
which states that by PRIMARY, SECONDARY and TERTIARY C. Kohlberg
prevention, The nurse D. Peters
can help the client maintain stability against these stressors. * Kohlber states that relationships are based on mutual trust. He
28. Conceptualized the BEHAVIORAL SYSTEM MODEL postulated the
A. Orem levels of morality development. At the first stage called the
B. Johnson PREMORAL or
C. Henderson preconventional, A child do things and label them as BAD or
D. Parse GOOD depending on
* According to Dorothy Johnson, Each person is a behavioral the PUNISHMENT or REWARD they get. They have no concept
system that is of justice, fairness
composed of 7 subsystems. Man adjust or adapt to stressors by a and equity, for them, If I punch this kid and mom gets mad, thats
using a WRONG. But if
I dance and sing, mama smiles and give me a new toy, then I am 37. Postulated that FAITH is the way of behaving. He developed
doing four theories of
something good. In the Conventional level, The individual faith and development based on his experience.
actuates his act based A. Giligan
on the response of the people around him. He will follow the B. Westerhoff
rules, regulations, C. Fowler
laws and morality the society upholds. If the law states that I D. Freud
should not * There are only 2 theorist of FAITH that might be asked in the
resuscitate this man with a DNR order, then I would not. board
However, in the Post examinations. Fowler and Westerhoff. What differs them is that,
conventional level or the AUTONOMOUS level, the individual FAITH of fowler is
still follows the rules defined abstractly, Fowler defines faith as a FORCE that gives a
but can make a rule or bend part of these rules according to his meaning to a
own MORALITY. person's life while Westerhoff defines faith as a behavior that
He can change the rules if he thinks that it is needed to be continuously
changed. Example is develops through time.
that, A nurse still continue resuscitating the client even if the 38. He described the development of faith. He suggested that
client has a DNR faith is a spiritual
order because he believes that the client can still recover and his dimension that gives meaning to a persons life. Faith according to
mission is to him, is a
save lives, not watch patients die. relational phenomenon.
34. He proposed the theory of morality based on PRINCIPLES A. Giligan
A. Freud B. Westerhoff
B. Erikson C. Fowler
C. Kohlberg D. Freud
D. Peters * Refer to # 37
* Remember PETERS for PRINCIPLES. P is to P. He believes 39. Established in 1906 by the Baptist foreign mission society of
that morality has 3 America. Miss
components : EMOTION or how one feels, JUDGEMENT or rose nicolet, was it’s first superintendent.
how one reason and A. St. Paul Hospital School of nursing
BEHAVIOR or how one actuates his EMOTION and B. Iloilo Mission Hospital School of nursing
JUDGEMENT. He believes that C. Philippine General Hospital School of nursing
MORALITY evolves with the development of PRINCPLES or D. St. Luke’s Hospital School of nursing
the person's vitrue and 40. Anastacia Giron-Tupas was the first Filipino nurse to occupy
traits. He also believes in AUTOMATICITY of virtues or he the position of
calls HABIT, like chief nurse in this hospital.
kindness, charity, honesty, sincerity and thirft which are innate to A. St. Paul Hospital
a person and B. Iloilo Mission Hospital
therfore, will be performed automatically. C. Philippine General Hospital
35. Freud postulated that child adopts parental standards and D. St. Luke’s Hospital
traits through 41. She was the daughter of Hungarian kings, who feed 300-900
A. Imitation people everyday
B. Introjection in their gate, builds hospitals, and care of the poor and sick
C. Identification herself.
D. Regression A. Elizabeth
* A child, according to Freud adopts parental standards, traits, B. Catherine
habits and norms C. Nightingale
through identication. A good example is the corned beef D. Sairey Gamp
commercial " WALK LIKE * Saint Elizabeth of Hungary was a daughter of a King and is the
A MAN, TALK LIKE A MAN " Where the child identifies with patron saint of
his father by wearing nurses. She build hospitals and feed hungry people everyday
the same clothes and doing the same thing. using the kingdom's
36. According to them, Morality is measured of how people treat money. She is a princess, but devoted her life in feeding the
human being hungry and serving
and that a moral child strives to be kind and just the sick.
A. Zderad and Peterson 42. She dies of yellow fever in her search for truth to prove that
B. Benner and Wrubel yellow fever is
C. Fowler and Westerhoff carried by a mosquitoes.
D. Schulman and Mekler A. Clara louise Maas
* According to Schulman and Mekler, there are 2 components B. Pearl Tucker
that makes an C. Isabel Hampton Robb
action MORAL : The intention should be good and the Act must D. Caroline Hampton Robb
be just. A good * Clara Louise Maas sacrificed her life in research of YELLOW
example is ROBIN HOOD, His intention is GOOD but the act is FEVER. People
UNJUST, which during her time do not believe that yellow fever was brought by
makes his action IMMORAL. mosquitoes. To
prove that they are wrong, She allowed herself to be bitten by the B. St. Anne
vector and C. St. Clare
after days, She died. D. St. Elizabeth
43. He was called the father of sanitation. * The poor clares, is the second order of St. Francis of assisi. The
A. Abraham first order was
B. Hippocrates founded by St. Francis himself. St. Catherine of Siena was the
C. Moses first lady with the
D. Willam Halstead lamp. St. Anne is the mother of mama mary. St. Elizabeth is the
44. The country where SHUSHURUTU originated patron saint of
A. China Nursing.
B. Egypt 50. This period marked the religious upheaval of Luther, Who
C. India questions the
D. Babylonia Christian faith.
45. They put girls clothes on male infants to drive evil forces A. Apprentice period
away B. Dark period
A. Chinese C. Contemporary period
B. Egyptian D. Educative period
C. Indian * Protestantism emerged with Martin Luther questions the Pope
D. Babylonian and Christianity.
* Chinese believes that male newborns are demon magnets. To This started the Dark period of nursing when the christian faith
fool those was smeared by
demons, they put female clothes to their male newborn. controversies. These leads to closure of some hospital and
46. In what period of nursing does people believe in schools run by the
TREPHINING to drive evil church. Nursing became the work of prostitutes, slaves, mother
forces away? and least
A. Dark period desirable of women.
B. Intuitive period 51. According to the Biopsychosocial and spiritual theory of
C. Contemporary period Sister Callista Roy,
D. Educative period Man, As a SOCIAL being is
* Egyptians believe that a sick person is someone with an evil A. Like all other men
force or demon B. Like some other men
that is inside their heads. To release these evil spirits, They would C. Like no other men
tend to drill D. Like men
holes on the patient's skull and it is called TREPHINING. * According to ROY, Man as a social being is like some other
47. This period ended when Pastor Fliedner, build Kaiserwerth man. As a spiritual
institute for the being and Biologic being, Man are all alike. As a psychologic
training of Deaconesses being, No man thinks
A. Apprentice period alike. This basically summarized her BIOPSYHOSOCIAL theory
B. Dark period which is included in
C. Contemporary period our licensure exam coverage.
D. Educative period 52. She conceptualized that man, as an Open system is in
* What dilineates apprentice period among others is that, it constant interaction
ENDED when formal and transaction with a changing environment.
schools were established. During the apprentice period, There is A. Roy
no formal B. Levin
educational institution for nurses. Most of them receive training C. Neuman
inside the D. Newman
convent or church. Some of them are trained just for the purpose * OPEN system theory is ROY. As an open system, man
of nursing the continuously allows input
wounded soldiers. But almost all of them are influenced by the from the environment. Example is when you tell me Im good
christian faith to looking, I will be
serve and nurse the sick. When Fliedner build the first formal happy the entire day, Because I am an open system and
school for nurses, It continuously interact
marked the end of the APPRENTICESHIP period. and transact with my environment. A close system is best
48. Period of nursing where religious Christian orders emerged to exemplified by a
take care of the CANDLE. When you cover the candle with a glass, it will die
sick because it will
A. Apprentice period eventually use all the oxygen it needs inside the glass for
B. Dark period combustion. A closed
C. Contemporary period system do not allow inputs and output in its environment.
D. Educative period 53. In a CLOSED system, which of the following is true?
* Apprentice period is marked by the emergence of religious A. Affected by matter
orders the are B. A sole island in vast ocean
devoted to religious life and the practice of nursing. C. Allows input
49. Founded the second order of St. Francis of Assisi D. Constantly affected by matter, energy, information
A. St. Catherine
54. Who postulated the WHOLISTIC concept that the totality is A. Understands poetry, music, philosophy, science etc.
greater than sum B. Desires privacy, autonomous
of its parts? C. Follows the decision of the majority, uphold justice and
A. Roy truth
B. Rogers D. Problem centered
C. Henderson * A,B and D are all qualities of a self actualized person. A self
D. Johnson actualized person
* The wholistic theory by Martha Rogers states that MAN is do not follow the decision of majority but is self directed and can
greater than the sum make decisions
of all its parts and that his dignity and worth will not be lessen contrary to a popular opinion.
even if one of this 59. According to Maslow, which of the following is TRUE about
part is missing. A good example is ANNE BOLEYN, The mother a self actualized
of Queen Elizabeth person?
and the wife of King Henry VIII. She was beheaded because A. Makes decision contrary to public opinion
Henry wants to mary B. Do not predict events
another wife and that his divorce was not approved by the pope. C. Self centered
Outraged, He D. Maximum degree of self conflict
insisted on the separation of the Church and State and divorce * Refer to question # 58.
Anne himself by 60. This is the essence of mental health
making everyone believe that Anne is having an affair to another A. Self awareness
man. Anne was B. Self actualization
beheaded while her lips is still saying a prayer. Even without her C. Self esteem
head, People still D. Self worth
gave respect to her diseased body and a separate head. She was * The peak of maslow's hierarchy is the essence of mental health.
still 61. Florence nightingale is born in
remembered as Anne boleyn, Mother of Elizabeth who lead A. Germany
england to their B. Britain
GOLDEN AGE. C. France
55. She theorized that man is composed of sub and supra D. Italy
systems. Subsystems * Florence Nightingale was born in Florence, Italy, May 12,
are cells, tissues, organs and systems while the suprasystems are 1820. Studied in
family, society Germany and Practiced in England.
and community. 62. Which is unlikely of Florence Nightingale?
A. Roy A. Born May 12, 1840
B. Rogers B. Built St. Thomas school of nursing when she was 40 years old
C. Henderson C. Notes in nursing
D. Johnson D. Notes in hospital
* According to Martha Rogers, Man is composed of 2 systems : 63. What country did Florence Nightingale train in nursing?
SUB which A. Belgium
includes cells, tissues, organs and system and SUPRA which B. US
includes our famly, C. Germany
community and society. She stated that when any of these D. England
systems are affected, 64. Which of the following is recognized for developing the
it will affect the entire individual. concept of HIGH
56. Which of the following is not true about the human needs? LEVEL WELLNESS?
A. Certain needs are common to all people A. Erikson
B. Needs should be followed exactly in accordance with their B. Madaw
hierarchy C. Peplau
C. Needs are stimulated by internal factors D. Dunn
D. Needs are stimulated by external factors * According to Dunn, High level wellness is the ability of an
* Needs can be deferred. I can urinate later as not to miss the part individual to
of the movie's maximize his full potential with the limitations imposed by his
climax. I can save my money that are supposedly for my lunch to environment.
watch my idols According to him, An individual can be healthy or ill in both
in concert. The physiologic needs can be meet later for some favorable and
other needs and unfavorable environment.
need not be strictly followed according to their hierarchy. 65. One of the expectations is for nurses to join professional
57. Which of the following is TRUE about the human needs? association primarily
A. May not be deferred because of
B. Are not interrelated A. Promotes advancement and professional growth among its
C. Met in exact and rigid way members
D. Priorities are alterable B. Works for raising funds for nurse’s benefit
* Refer to question # 56. C. Facilitate and establishes acquaintances
58. According to Maslow, which of the following is NOT TRUE D. Assist them and securing jobs abroad
about a self 66. Founder of the PNA
actualized person? A. Julita Sotejo
B. Anastacia Giron Tupas 74. Postulated that health is a state and process of being and
C. Eufemia Octaviano becoming an
D. Anesia Dionisio integrated and whole person.
67. Which of the following provides that nurses must be a A. Cannon
member of a national B. Bernard
nurse organization? C. Dunn
A. R.A 877 D. Roy
B. 1981 Code of ethics approved by the house of delegates and * According to ROY, Health is a state and process of becoming a
the PNA WHOLE AND
C. Board resolution No. 1955 Promulgated by the BON INTEGRATED Person.
D. RA 7164 75. What regulates HOMEOSTASIS according to the theory of
* This is an old board resolution. The new Board resolution is Walter Cannon?
No. 220 series of A. Positive feedback
2004 also known as the Nursing Code Of ethics which states that B. Negative feedback
[ SECTION 17, C. Buffer system
A ] A nurse should be a member of an accredited professional D. Various mechanisms
organization which * The theory of Health as the ability to maintain homeostasis was
is the PNA. postulated by
68. Which of the following best describes the action of a nurse Walter Cannon. According to him, There are certain
who documents FEEDBACK Mechanism that
her nursing diagnosis? regulates our Homeostasis. A good example is that when we
A. She documents it and charts it whenever necessary overuse our arm, it
B. She can be accused of malpractice will produce pain. PAIN is a negative feedback that signals us
C. She does it regularly as an important responsibility that our arm needs
D. She charts it only when the patient is acutely ill a rest.
69. Which of the following does not govern nursing practice? 76. Stated that health is WELLNESS. A termed define by the
A. RA 7164 culture or an
B. RA 9173 individual.
C. BON Res. Code Of Ethics A. Roy
D. BON Res. Scope of Nursing Practice B. Henderson
* 7164 is an old law. This is the 1991 Nursing Law which was C. Rogers
repealed by the D. King
newer 9173. * Martha Rogers states that HEALTH is synonymous with
70. A nurse who is maintaining a private clinic in the community WELLNESS and that
renders service HEALTH and WELLNESS is subjective depending on the
on maternal and child health among the neighborhood for a fee definition of one's culture.
is: 77. Defined health as a dynamic state in the life cycle, and Illness
A. Primary care nurse as interference
B. Independent nurse practitioner in the life cycle.
C. Nurse-Midwife A. Roy
D. Nurse specialist B. Henderson
71. When was the PNA founded? C. Rogers
A. September 22, 1922 D. King
B. September 02, 1920 * Emogene King states that health is a state in the life cycle and
C. October 21, 1922 Illness is any
D. September 02, 1922 interference on this cycle. I enjoyed the Movie LION KING and
* According to the official PNA website, they are founded like what Mufasa
September 02, 1922. said that they are all part of the CIRCLE OF LIFE, or the Life
72. Who was the first president of the PNA ? cycle.
A. Anastacia Giron-Tupas 78. She defined health as the soundness and wholness of
B. Loreto Tupas developed human
C. Rosario Montenegro structure and bodily mental functioning.
D. Ricarda Mendoza A. Orem
* Anastacia Giron Tupas founded the FNA, the former name of B. Henderson
the PNA but the C. Neuman
first President was Rosario Montenegro. D. Clark
73. Defines health as the ability to maintain internal milieu. * Orem defined health as the SOUNDNESS and WHOLENESS
Illness according to of developed human
him/her/them is the failure to maintain internal environment. structure and of bodily and mental functioning.
A. Cannon 79. According to her, Wellness is a condition in which all parts
B. Bernard and subparts of an
C. Leddy and Pepper individual are in harmony with the whole system.
D. Roy A. Orem
* According to Bernard, Health is the ability to maintain and B. Henderson
Internal Milieu and C. Neuman
Illness is the failure to maintain the internal environment. D. Johnson
* Neuman believe that man is composed of subparts and when A. Becker
this subparts are B. Smith
in harmony with the whole system, Wellness results. Please do C. Dunn
not confuse this D. Leavell and Clark
with the SUB and SUPRA systems of martha rogers. * According to Becker, The belief of an individual greatly affects
80. Postulated that health is reflected by the organization, his behavior. If a
interaction, man believes that he is susceptible to an illness, He will alter his
interdependence and integration of the subsystem of the behavior in order
behavioral system. to prevent its occurence. For example, If a man thinks that
A. Orem diabetes is acquired
B. Henderson through high intake of sugar and simple carbohydrates, then he
C. Neuman will limit the
D. Johnson intake of foods rich in these components.
* Once you see the phrase BEHAVIORAL SYSTEM, answer 87. In health belief model, Individual perception matters. Which
Dorothy Johnson. of the following
81. According to them, Well being is a subjective perception of is highly UNLIKELY to influence preventive behavior?
BALANCE, A. Perceived susceptibility to an illness
HARMONY and VITALITY B. Perceived seriousness of an illness
A. Leavell and Clark C. Perceived threat of an illness
B. Peterson and Zderad D. Perceived curability of an illness
C. Benner and Wruber * If a man think he is susceptibe to a certain disease, thinks that
D. Leddy and Pepper the disease is
* According to Leddy and Pepper, Wellness is subjective and serious and it is a threat to his life and functions, he will use
depends on an preventive behaviors
individuals perception of balance, harmony and vitality. Leavell to avoid the occurence of this threat.
and Clark 88. Which of the following is not a PERCEIVED BARRIER in
postulared the ecologic model of health and illness or the preventive action?
AGENT-HOSTENVIRONMENT A. Difficulty adhering to the lifestyle
model. Peterson and Zderad developed the HUMANISTIC B. Economic factors
NURSING PRACTICE theory while Benner and Wruber C. Accessibility of health care facilities
postulate the PRIMACY OF D. Increase adherence to medical therapies
CARING MODEL. * Perceived barriers are those factors that affects the individual's
82. He describes the WELLNESS-ILLNESS Continuum as health
interaction of the preventive actions. Both A and B can affect the individual's
environment with well being and illness. ability to prevent the
A. Cannon occurence of diseases. C and D are called Preventive Health
B. Bernard Behaviors which
C. Dunn enhances the individual's preventive capabilities.
D. Clark 89. Conceptualizes that health is a condition of actualization or
83. An integrated method of functioning that is oriented towards realization of
maximizing person’s potential. Avers that the highest aspiration of people is
one’s potential within the limitation of the environment. fulfillment and
A. Well being complete development actualization.
B. Health A. Clinical Model
C. Low level Wellness B. Role performance Model
D. High level Wellness C. Adaptive Model
84. What kind of illness precursor, according to DUNN is D. Eudaemonistic Model
cigarette smoking? * Smith formulated 5 models of health. Clinical model simply
A. Heredity states that when
B. Social people experience sign and symptoms, they would think that they
C. Behavioral are unhealthy
D. Environmental therefore, Health is the absence of clinical sign and symptoms of
* Behavioral precursors includes smoking, alcoholism, high fat a disease. Role
intake and other performance model states that when a person does his role and
lifestyle choices. Environmental factors involved poor sanitation activities without
and over deficits, he is healthy and the inability to perform usual roles
crowding. Heridity includes congenital and diseases acquired means that the
through the genes. person is ill. Adaptive Model states that if a person adapts well
There are no social precursors according to DUNN. with his
85. According to DUNN, Overcrowding is what type of illness environment, he is healthy and maladaptation equates illness.
precursor? Eudaemonistic
A. Heredity Model of health according to smith is the actualization of a
B. Social person's fullest
C. Behavioral potential. If a person functions optimally and develop self
D. Environmental actualization, then, no
86. Health belief model was formulated in 1975 by who? doubt that person is healthy.
90. Views people as physiologic system and Absence of sign and B. Health Belief Model
symptoms C. Health Promotion Model
equates health. D. Health Prevention Model
A. Clinical Model * Pender developed the concept of HEALTH PROMOTION
B. Role performance Model MODEL which postulated
C. Adaptive Model that an individual engages in health promotion activities to
D. Eudaemonistic Model increase well being
* Refer to question # 89. and attain self actualization. These includes exercise,
91. Knowledge about the disease and prior contact with it is what immunization, healthy
type of lifestyle, good food, self responsibility and all other factors that
VARIABLE according to the health belief model? minimize if not
A. Demographic totally eradicate risks and threats of health.
B. Sociopsychologic 97. Defined by Pender as all activities directed toward increasing
C. Structural the level of well
D. Cues to action being and self actualization.
* Modifying variables in Becker's health belief model includes A. Health prevention
DEMOGRAPHIC : B. Health promotion
Age, sex, race etc. SOCIOPSYCHOLOGIC : Social and Peer C. Health teaching
influence. D. Self actualization
STRUCTURAL : Knowledge about the disease and prior contact * Refer to question # 96.
with it and CUES 98. Defined as an alteration in normal function resulting in
TO ACTION : Which are the sign and symptoms of the disease reduction of capacities
or advice from and shortening of life span.
friends, mass media and others that forces or makes the A. Illness
individual seek help. B. Disease
92. It includes internal and external factors that leads the C. Health
individual to seek help D. Wellness
A. Demographic * Disease are alteration in body functions resulting in reduction
B. Sociopsychologic of capabilities or
C. Structural shortening of life span.
D. Cues to action 99. Personal state in which a person feels unhealthy
* Refer to question # 92. A. Illness
93. Influence from peers and social pressure is included in what B. Disease
variable of HBM? C. Health
A. Demographic D. Wellness
B. Sociopsychologic * Illness is something PERSONAL. Unlike disease, Illness are
C. Structural personal state in
D. Cues to action which person feels unhealthy. An old person might think he is
* Refer to question # 92. ILL but in fact, he is
94. Age, Sex, Race etc. is included in what variable of HBM? not due, to diminishing functions and capabilities, people might
A. Demographic think they are
B. Sociopsychologic ILL. Disease however, is something with tangible basis like lab
C. Structural results, X ray films
D. Cues to action or clinical sign and symptoms.
* Refer to question # 92. 100. According to her, Caring is defined as a nurturant way of
95. According to Leavell and Clark’s ecologic model, All of this responding to a
are factors that valued client towards whom the nurse feels a sense of
affects health and illness except commitment and
A. Reservoir responsibility.
B. Agent A. Benner
C. Environment B. Watson
D. Host C. Leininger
* According to L&C's Ecologic model, there are 3 factors that D. Swanson
affect health and * This is Jean Watson's definition of Nursing as caring. This was
illness. These are the AGENT or the factor the leads to illness, asked word per
either a bacteria or word last June 06' NLE. Benner defines caring as something that
an event in life. HOST are persons that may or may not be matters to
affected by these people. She postulated the responsibility created by Caring in
agents. ENVIRONMENT are factors external to the host that nursing. She was
may or may not also responsible for the PRIMACY OF CARING MODEL.
predispose him to the AGENT. Leininger defind the 4
96. Is a multi dimensional model developed by PENDER that conservation principle while Swanson introduced the 5 processes
describes the nature of caring.
of persons as they interact within the environment to pursue
health
A. Ecologic Model