Maintenance Manual-Alarm and Performance Event

1 Generation of Alarm and Performance of SDH Service ............................
1-1
1.1 Overview of SDH Alarm and Performance ............................................. 1-1
1.2 Generation and Detection of Alarm and Performance in Signal Flow
of Higher Order Part ..................................................................................... 1-4
1.2.1 Downlink Signal Flow ..................................................................... 1-5
1.2.2 Uplink Signal Flow ......................................................................... 1-8
1.3 Generation of Alarm and Performance in Signal Flow of SDH Lower
Order Part ..................................................................................................... 1-10
1.3.1 Downlink Signal Flow ..................................................................... 1-11
1.3.2 Uplink Signal Flow ......................................................................... 1-12
1.3.3 Difference between 34M/140M Electrical Interface Alarm
Signal and 2M Electrical Interface Alarm Signal ..................................... 1-13
1.4 Suppression Correlation between SDH Alarms ..................................... 1-15
1.5 Generation and Detection of SDH Performance .................................... 1-17
1.5.1 Bit Error .......................................................................................... 1-17
1.5.2 Pointer Justification ........................................................................ 1-20
1.6 Application of Locating a Fault According to Signal Flow ....................... 1-23
1.6.1 Bit Error .......................................................................................... 1-23
1.6.2 Alarm .............................................................................................. 1-24
1.6.3 Summary ........................................................................................ 1-26
2 Alarm and Performance List ........................................................................ 2-1
2.1 Alarm List ............................................................................................... 2-1
2.2 Board Alarm List ..................................................................................... 2-9
2.2.1 PQ1/PQM Board Alarm List ........................................................... 2-9
2.2.2 PL3/PD3 Board Alarm List ............................................................. 2-9
2.2.3 SL64/SL16/SLQ4/SLD4/SL4/SLQ1/SL1 Board Alarm List ............ 2-10
2.2.4 SEP1 Board Alarm List .................................................................. 2-10
2.2.5 SPQ4 Board Alarm List .................................................................. 2-12
2.2.6 EFS0/EFS4/EGS2 Board Alarm List .............................................. 2-12
2.2.7 GXCS/EXCS Board Alarm List ...................................................... 2-13
2.2.8 SCC Board Alarm List .................................................................... 2-13
2.2.9 BA2/BPA Board Alarm List ............................................................ 2-13
2.2.10 AUX Board Alarm List .................................................................. 2-14
2.2.11 FAN Board Alarm List .................................................................. 2-14
2.3 Performance List .................................................................................... 2-15
2.3.1 SDH Service Performance List ...................................................... 2-15
2.3.2 Ethernet Service Performance ....................................................... 2-18
3 Alarm Processing ......................................................................................... 3-1
A_LOC .......................................................................................................... 3-1
APS_MANUAL_STOP ................................................................................. 3-2
ALM_E2EMPTY ........................................................................................... 3-2
ALM_HANGUP............................................................................................. 3-3
APS_FAIL ..................................................................................................... 3-3
APS_INDI ..................................................................................................... 3-4
AU_AIS......................................................................................................... 3-4
AU_LOP ....................................................................................................... 3-6
B1_EXC ........................................................................................................ 3-7
B1_SD .......................................................................................................... 3-8
B2_EXC ........................................................................................................ 3-10
B2_SD .......................................................................................................... 3-11
B3_EXC ........................................................................................................ 3-12
B3_SD .......................................................................................................... 3-13
BD_STATUS ................................................................................................ 3-14
BIP_EXC ...................................................................................................... 3-15
BIP_SD......................................................................................................... 3-16
BUS_ERR .................................................................................................... 3-16
BUS_LOC ..................................................................................................... 3-17
C2_PDI ......................................................................................................... 3-18
C2_VCAIS .................................................................................................... 3-18
C4_R_LAISD ................................................................................................ 3-19
C4_T_LAISD ................................................................................................ 3-19
CLOCK_ENTER_NO_TRACE_MO DE ....................................................... 3-20
COMMUN_FAIL ........................................................................................... 3-20
COOL_CUR_OVER ..................................................................................... 3-21
DBMS_ERROR ............................................................................................ 3-21
DBMS_PROTECT_MODE ........................................................................... 3-22
DOWN_E1_AIS ............................................................................................ 3-23
E1_LOC ........................................................................................................ 3-23
EXT_LOS ..................................................................................................... 3-24
EXT_SYNC_LOS ......................................................................................... 3-25
FAN_FAIL ..................................................................................................... 3-25
FPGA_ABN .................................................................................................. 3-26
HARD_BAD .................................................................................................. 3-26
HP_LOM ....................................................................................................... 3-27
HP_RDI ........................................................................................................ 3-29
HP_REI ........................................................................................................ 3-29
HP_SLM ....................................................................................................... 3-30
HP_TIM ........................................................................................................ 3-30
HP_UNEQ .................................................................................................... 3-31
IN_PWR_ABN .............................................................................................. 3-32
IN_PWR_FAIL .............................................................................................. 3-33
IN_PWR_HIGH ............................................................................................ 3-34
IN_PWR_LOW ............................................................................................. 3-34
J0_MM .......................................................................................................... 3-35
K1_K2_M...................................................................................................... 3-35
K2_M ............................................................................................................ 3-36
LASER_SHUT .............................................................................................. 3-36
LOCK_CUR_FAIL ........................................................................................ 3-37
LOOP_ALM .................................................................................................. 3-37
LP_R_FIFO .................................................................................................. 3-38
LP_RDI ......................................................................................................... 3-38
LP_REI ......................................................................................................... 3-39
LP_RFI ......................................................................................................... 3-39
LP_SIZE_ERR ............................................................................................. 3-39
LP_SLM ........................................................................................................ 3-40
LP_T_FIFO................................................................................................... 3-41
LP_TIM ......................................................................................................... 3-41
LP_UNEQ ..................................................................................................... 3-42
LSR_COOL_ALM ......................................................................................... 3-42
LSR_NO_FITED ........................................................................................... 3-43
LSR_WILL_DIE ............................................................................................ 3-43
LTI ................................................................................................................ 3-44
MS_AIS ........................................................................................................ 3-46
MS_RDI ........................................................................................................ 3-46
MS_REI ........................................................................................................ 3-47
NE_SF_LOST .............................................................................................. 3-48
NESTATE_INSTALL .................................................................................... 3-48
NO_BD_SOFT ............................................................................................. 3-49
NO_BD_PARA ............................................................................................. 3-49
OH_LOOP .................................................................................................... 3-50
OOL .............................................................................................................. 3-50
OTH_HARD_FAIL ........................................................................................ 3-50
OUT_PWR_ABN .......................................................................................... 3-51
P_AIS ........................................................................................................... 3-51
P_LOS .......................................................................................................... 3-52
PLL_FAIL ..................................................................................................... 3-53
POWER_ABNORMAL .................................................................................. 3-54
POWER_FAIL .............................................................................................. 3-55
PS ................................................................................................................. 3-55
PUM_BCM_ALM .......................................................................................... 3-57
PUM_COOL_ALARM ................................................................................... 3-57
R_LOC ......................................................................................................... 3-58
R_LOF .......................................................................................................... 3-58
R_LOS .......................................................................................................... 3-60
R_OOF ......................................................................................................... 3-62
S1_SYN_CHANGE ...................................................................................... 3-63
SECU_ALM .................................................................................................. 3-64
SUBCARD_ABN .......................................................................................... 3-65
SYN_BAD ..................................................................................................... 3-65
SYNC_C_LOS .............................................................................................. 3-66
SYNC_FORCE_SWITCH ............................................................................. 3-68
SYNC_LOCKOFF ........................................................................................ 3-68
T_ALOS ........................................................................................................ 3-68
T_LOSEX ..................................................................................................... 3-69
TC_DEG ....................................................................................................... 3-70
TC_EXC ....................................................................................................... 3-71
TC_INCAIS................................................................................................... 3-72
TC_LTC ........................................................................................................ 3-74
TC_ODI ........................................................................................................ 3-74
TC_OEI ........................................................................................................ 3-75
TC_RDI ........................................................................................................ 3-76
TC_REI......................................................................................................... 3-77
TC_TIM ........................................................................................................ 3-78
TC_UNEQ .................................................................................................... 3-79
TEM_HA ....................................................................................................... 3-79
TEM_LA ....................................................................................................... 3-80
TEMP_OVER ............................................................................................... 3-81
TPS_ALM ..................................................................................................... 3-82
TR_LOC ....................................................................................................... 3-82
TF ................................................................................................................. 3-83
TU_AIS ......................................................................................................... 3-83
TU_LOP ....................................................................................................... 3-84
UP_E1_AIS .................................................................................................. 3-85
W_OFFLINE ................................................................................................. 3-86
W_R_FAILURE ............................................................................................ 3-86
WORK_CUR_OVER .................................................................................... 3-87
WRG_BD_TYPE .......................................................................................... 3-88
HUAWEI
OptiX OSN 3500

STM-64/STM-16 Intelligent
Optical Transmission Platform
Maintenance Manual
Alarm and Performance Event
V100R001
OptiX OSN 3500 STM-64/STM-16 Intelligent Optical Transmission
Platform
Maintenance Manual
Volume Alarm and Performance Event
Manual Version T2-040334-20040215-C-1.10
Product Version V100R001
BOM 31033334
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. provides customers with comprehensive technical support
and service. Please feel free to contact our local office or company headquarters.
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Address: Administration Building, Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.,
Bantian, Longgang District, Shenzhen, P. R. China
Postal Code: 518129
Website: http://www.huawei.com
Email: support@huawei.com
Copyright © 2004 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
All Rights Reserved
No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any

means without prior written consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Trademarks
, HUAWEI, C&C08, EAST8000, HONET, , ViewPoint, INtess, ETS, DMC,

TELLIN, InfoLink, Netkey, Quidway, SYNLOCK, Radium, M900/M1800,
TELESIGHT, Quidview, Musa, Airbridge, Tellwin, Inmedia, VRP, DOPRA, iTELLIN,
HUAWEI OptiX, C&C08 iNET, NETENGINE, OptiX, iSite, U-SYS, iMUSE, OpenEye,
Lansway, SmartAX, infoX, TopEng are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co.,
Ltd.
All other trademarks mentioned in this manual are the property of their respective
holders.
Notice
The information in this manual is subject to change without notice. Every effort has
been made in the preparation of this manual to ensure accuracy of the contents, but
all statements, information, and recommendations in this manual do not constitute
the warranty of any kind, express or implied.
OptiX OSN 3500 MM-APE
About This Manual
Release Notes
This manual is for OptiX OSN 3500 STM-64/STM-16 Intelligent Optical Transmission
Platform, Version V100R001.
About This Manual OptiX OSN 3500 MM-APE
Related Manuals
Manual Volume Usage

Introduces the functionality, structure,
System Description performance, specifications, and theory of
OptiX OSN 3500 STM-64/STM-16 Intelligent
the product.
Optical Transmission Platform Technical
Manual
Networking and Introduces the networking, configuration and
Application application of the product.
OptiX OSN 3500 STM-64/STM-16 Intelligent Introduces the hardware of the product,
Optical Transmission Platform Hardware including cabinet, subrack, power, fan,
Description Manual board, and a variety of interfaces.
OptiX OSN 3500 STM-64/STM-16 Intelligent Guides the on-site installation of the product
Routine
Optical Transmission Platform Installation and provides the information of the structural
Maintenance
Manual parts.
Routine
Maintenance
Guides the analysis and troubleshooting of
Optical Transmission Platform Maintenance Troubleshooting
common faults.
Manual
Alarm and
Performance Event

Covers all the preceding manuals. Acrobat
Optical Transmission Platform Electronic
Reader is attached.
Documentation (CD-ROM)
Organization
The manual has the following organization:

Chapter Description
Chapter 1 Generation of Introduces in detail the generation of alarms and
Alarm and Performance performance and their relationships. It is a base to use
of SDH Service alarms and performance to solve problems.
Chapter 2 Alarm and The alarm and performance list of OptiX OSN 3500
Performance List
Provides a list of alarms with name, generation cause, and

Chapter 3 Alarm
troubleshooting. It provides a way of diagnostic analysis
Processing
for the user.
Intended Audience
This manual is for:

Maintenance engineer
Conventions
The following conventions are used throughout this publication.

Symbol Description
Means reader be careful. In this situation, you might do something that
could result in equipment damage or loss of data.
Means reader be careful. The equipment is static-sensitive.
Means reader be careful. In this situation, the high voltage could result in
harm to yourself or others.
Means reader be careful. In this situation, the strong laser beam could
result in harm to yourself or others.
Means reader take note. Notes contain helpful suggestions or useful

background information.
Release Upgrade Description
Release Release upgrade description

T2-040334-20040215-C-1.10 This manual is the first release.
Contents
1 Generation of Alarm and Performance of SDH Service
1.1 Overview of SDH Alarm and Performance 1-1

1.2 Generation and Detection of Alarm and Performance in
Signal Flow of Higher Order Part 1-4
1.2.1 Downlink Signal Flow 1-5
1.2.2 Uplink Signal Flow 1-8
1.3 Generation of Alarm and Performance in Signal Flow of
SDH Lower Order Part 1-10
1.3.1 Downlink Signal Flow 1-11
1.3.2 Uplink Signal Flow 1-12
1.3.3 Difference between 34M/140M Electrical Interface
Alarm Signal and 2M Electrical Interface Alarm Signal 1-13
1.4 Suppression Correlation between SDH Alarms 1-15
1.5 Generation and Detection of SDH Performance 1-17
1.5.1 Bit Error 1-17
1.5.2 Pointer Justification 1-20
1.6 Application of Locating a Fault According to Signal Flow 1-23
1.6.1 Bit Error 1-23
1.6.2 Alarm 1-24
1.6.3 Summary 1-26
2 Alarm and Performance List
2.1 Alarm List 2-1

2.2 Board Alarm List 2-10
2.2.1 PQ1/PQM/PD1 Board Alarm List 2-10
2.2.2 PL3/PD3 Board Alarm List 2-10
2.2.3 SL64/SL16/SLQ4/SLD4/SL4/SLQ1/SL1 Board
Alarm List 2-11
2.2.4 SEP1 Board Alarm List 2-12
2.2.5 SPQ4 Board Alarm List 2-13
i
Contents
2.2.6 EFS0/EFS4/EGS2 Board Alarm List 2-13

2.2.7 GXCS/EXCS Board Alarm List 2-14
2.2.8 SCC Board Alarm List 2-14
2.2.9 BA2/BPA Board Alarm List 2-15
2.2.10 AUX Board Alarm List 2-15
2.2.11 FAN Board Alarm List 2-15
2.3 Performance List 2-15
2.3.1 SDH Service Performance List 2-15
2.3.2 Ethernet Service Performance 2-19
3 Alarm Processing
A_LOC 3-1
APS_MANUAL_STOP 3-2
ALM_E2EMPTY 3-2
ALM_HANGUP 3-3
APS_FAIL 3-3
APS_INDI 3-4
AU_AIS 3-4
AU_LOP 3-6
B1_EXC 3-7
B1_SD 3-8
B2_EXC 3-10
B2_SD 3-11
B3_EXC 3-12
B3_SD 3-13
BD_STATUS 3-14
BIP_EXC 3-15
BIP_SD 3-16
BUS_ERR 3-16
BUS_LOC 3-17
C2_PDI 3-18
C2_VCAIS 3-18
ii
Contents
C4_R_LAISD 3-19
C4_T_LAISD 3-19
CLOCK_ENTER_NO_TRACE_MODE 3-20
COMMUN_FAIL 3-20
COOL_CUR_OVER 3-21
DBMS_ERROR 3-21
DBMS_PROTECT_MODE 3-22
DOWN_E1_AIS 3-23
E1_LOC 3-23
EXT_LOS 3-24
EXT_SYNC_LOS 3-25
FAN_FAIL 3-25
FPGA_ABN 3-26
HARD_BAD 3-26
HP_LOM 3-27
HP_RDI 3-29
HP_REI 3-29
HP_SLM 3-30
HP_TIM 3-30
HP_UNEQ 3-31
IN_PWR_ABN 3-32
IN_PWR_FAIL 3-33
IN_PWR_HIGH 3-34
IN_PWR_LOW 3-34
J0_MM 3-35
K1_K2_M 3-35
K2_M 3-36
LASER_SHUT 3-36
LOCK_CUR_FAIL 3-37
LOOP_ALM 3-37
LP_R_FIFO 3-38
LP_RDI 3-38
LP_REI 3-39
iii
Contents
LP_RFI 3-39
LP_SIZE_ERR 3-39
LP_SLM 3-40
LP_T_FIFO 3-41
LP_TIM 3-41
LP_UNEQ 3-42
LSR_COOL_ALM 3-42
LSR_NO_FITED 3-43
LSR_WILL_DIE 3-43
LTI 3-44
MS_AIS 3-46
MS_RDI 3-46
MS_REI 3-47
NE_SF_LOST 3-48
NESTATE_INSTALL 3-48
NO_BD_SOFT 3-49
NO_BD_PARA 3-49
OH_LOOP 3-50
OOL 3-50
OTH_HARD_FAIL 3-50
OUT_PWR_ABN 3-51
P_AIS 3-51
P_LOS 3-52
PLL_FAIL 3-53
POWER_ABNORMAL 3-54
POWER_FAIL 3-55
PS 3-55
PUM_BCM_ALM 3-57
PUM_COOL_ALARM 3-57
R_LOC 3-58
R_LOF 3-58
R_LOS 3-60
R_OOF 3-62
iv
Contents
S1_SYN_CHANGE 3-63
v
1 Generation of Alarm and

Performance of SDH Service
This chapter introduces:

Generation of SDH service alarm and performance;
Application of SDH service alarm and performance in fault locating.
1.1 Overview of SDH Alarm and
Performance
There are plenty of overhead bytes in SDH frame structure, including regenerator
section overhead, multiplex section overhead, and path overhead. These overhead
bytes carry alarm and performance information, thus giving the SDH system a
strong ability of on-line alarm and error monitoring. An understanding of the
generation and monitoring modes of the alarm information allows you to locate a
failure rapidly. The SDH alarm signal flow is as shown in Figure 1-1.
1-1
Generation of Alarm and Performance of SDH Service OptiX OSN 3500 MM-APE
Physical Regenerator
Section Section Multiplex Section Higher Order Path Lower Order Path
SPI RST (Note 1) MST MSA HPOM HUG HPC HPT H PA LPOM LUG LPC LPT LPA
LOS
«1»
LOF
RS-BIP
Error (B1)
Regenerated signal «1»
passed through MS-AIS «1»
MS-Exc. Error (B2)
MS-BIP Error (B2)
MS-FERF AU-AIS
MS-FERF
AU-AIS «1»
AU-LOP Unused
HO Path signal passed through «1» HPC output/
HOVC with POH and unspeci fied payload
HQ-UNEQ
HO unequippe d signal
HP-UNEQ
HP-T IM «1»
HP-SLM
HP-BIP Error (B3)
HP-F EBE
HP-F ERF T U-AIS
HP-F ERF
HP-F EBE
«1»
T U- AIS
HP-LO M/T U-LOP Unused
LO Path signal passed throug h «1» LPC output/
LP-UNEQ
LOVC with POH and unspecified payload
LO unequipped signal
LP-UN EQ
LP-TIM «1»
LP-SLM
LP-BIP Error (B3/V5)
LP-F EBE
LP-F ER F
LP-F ER F
LP-F EBE
T1512780-93/d02
Detection
Generation
«1» Insertion of all-ones (AIS) signal
AIS Alarm Indication Signal
FEBE Far End Block Error
FERF Far End Receive Failure
LOF Loss Of Frame
LOM Loss Of Multiframe
LOP Loss Of Pointer
LOS Loss Of Signal
SLM Signal Label Mismatch
TIM Trace Identifier Mismatch
UNEQ Unequipped signal per Recommendation G.709
Figure 1-1 SDH alarm signal flow
1. Convention
In order to describe the positions where common alarms and performance are
generated and the generation modes, it is better to describe these primary alarms
1-2
and performance in detail along the signal flow. The signal flow, here, is classified
into downlink and uplink signal flows according to the directions.
The so-called downlink signal flow refers to such a signal direction: SDH interface →
cross-connect unit → PDH interface.
On the contrary, the uplink signal flow refers to such a signal direction: PDH interface
→ cross-connect unit → SDH interface.
The cross-connect unit does not process any overhead byte in this signal flow. In
order to describe the signal flow in hierarchy, the signal flow is divided into higher
order part (between the SDH interface and the cross-connect unit) and lower order
part (between the cross-connect unit and the PDH interface), with the cross-connect
unit as the boundary.
2. Two common alarms
AIS alarm (i.e. all “1”s alarm) inserts the all “1”s signal in the lower level circuits,
indicating that the signal is unavailable. Common AIS alarms include MS-AIS,
AU-AIS, TU-AIS and E1-AIS.
RDI (remote defect indication) alarm indicates the alarm transferred back to the
home station from the opposite station after the opposite station has detected alarms
of LOS (loss of signal), AIS and TIM (trace identifier mismatch). Common RDI
alarms include MS-RDI, HP-RDI and LP-RDI.
Note:
The station does not necessarily have problem when an alarm is detected on it. The
alarm detected may be caused by the opposite station or due to other causes. For
example, R-LOS alarm is caused by fiber cut, and HP-LOM (higher order path loss
of multiframe) alarm at the home station is caused by the failure of the cross-connect
unit at the opposite station.
1-3
1.2 Generation and Detection of
Alarm and Performance in Signal

Flow of Higher Order Part
The fault locating principle is "line first, then tributary; higher level first, then lower
level". Since the alarm and performance data generated in the higher order part will
cause the report of the lower order alarm and performance data, we shall first focus
on the alarm and performance information generated between the SDH interface
and the cross-connect unit during maintenance. The signal flow chart of this route is
illustrated in Figure 1-2.
Frame synchronizer M S overhead Pointer processor and HP
and RS overhead processor overhead processor
processor
(RST) (M ST) (MSA, HPT)
LOS "1" "1"

AIS AIS
STM -N AU-AIS
optical MS-AIS H1,H2
LOF AU-LOP
interface A1, A2 K2 H1,H2
HP-TIM
B2-Err. J1 "1"
B2 HP-UNEQ
C2 Cross-conn ect unit
BI Err. M S-REI HP-SLM
B1 M1 C2
H4 HP-LO M
M S-RDI
k2 B3 Err.
B3
HP-REI
G1
HP-RDI
G1
Downlink signal flow Alarm report or return
Signal transfer point Alarm termination point

(Insert down all "1"s signal) (Report to SCC unit)
Figure 1-2 Alarm signals generated between the SDH interface and the cross-connect unit
Note:
According to the processing positions of various overhead bytes in the STM-1 frame
structure, we divide the overhead bytes into four modules: regenerator section
overhead, multiplex section overhead, higher order path overhead and pointer. If the
first two modules have problems, generally all the higher order paths will be affected,
while the problem that occurs in the overhead bytes of the last module will only affect
a certain higher order path. Therefore, we can usually deduce the influenced range
by the problem, and how to select the paths during the test.
In the following, we'll describe the signal flow and processing of overhead bytes
module by module.
1-4
1.2.1 Downlink Signal Flow
1. Frame synchronizer and regenerator section overhead processor
Regenerator section overheads related to alarms and performances that will be

mainly processed in this section are: framing byte (A1, A2), regenerator section trace
byte (J0), error monitor byte (B1).
The alarm signal flow is as follows:
(1) When the STM-N optical signal from the optical line enters the optical
receiving module of a line board, it is first recovered into electrical signal
through optical/electrical conversion (O/E conversion) and then sent into a
frame synchronizer and a scrambler for processing. In this process, the O/E
module checks this signal. If the module finds that there is no light in the
input signal, optical power excessively low or high or the code type of the
input signal does not match the original one, R-LOS (loss of signal) alarm
will be reported.
Prompt:
Usually, a signal has no light in the case that the fiber is broken, the optical
transmitting module at the opposite station fails or the optical receiving module at the
home station fails. The cause of excessively low optical power may be too much
fiber attenuation or poor contact of the optical joint, etc. Over high optical power
refers to the received optical power overload. If this happens, check whether the
optical attenuator is damaged, or the transmission distance of the optical board is
suitable, etc. The code type mismatch usually occurs when the signal rates of the
upstream station and the downstream station are inconsistent, or failure of the STG
board at the upstream station will cause data transmission disorder, etc. At this
moment it is necessary to check whether the optical board at the upstream station is
the right one or the CXL board is in normal operation, etc.
R-LOS alarm is independent of overhead bytes, instead, it is only related to the
quality of input signal.
After an R-LOS alarm occurs, unless the optical receiving module at the home
station has continuously detected two correct patterns of code type, and meanwhile
it has not detected any new R-LOS alarm, the SDH equipment will not quit from
R-LOS status and enter the normal status.
In case an R-LOS alarm occurs, the system will insert an all “1”s signal in the lower
level circuits.
(2) After the frame synchronizer has received an STM-N signal sent from the
optical/electrical conversion module, it achieves frame alignment through
the A1, A2 bytes in the signal. Meanwhile it extracts the line reference
1-5
synchronous timing source from the signal and sends it to the STG board
for clock locking.
Normally, the A1 value is always F6H, and the A2 value is always 28H. If incorrect
A1 and A2 values are detected in five successive frames, an R-OOF (out of frame)
alarm will be reported. If the R-OOF alarm lasts more than 3 ms, it will report a loss
of frame alarm (R-LOF) and insert all “1”s signal. In case of an R-LOF alarm, if the
framing state lasts more than 1 ms, that means the equipment has been resumed to
normal.
J0 byte is used to confirm that both ends of the regenerator section are always in
connection. It requires that J0 bytes at the receive end and transmit end be fully
matched. Otherwise the equipment will report a J0-MM trace identifier mismatch
alarm.
A scrambler is mainly engaged in unscrambling the bytes in the STM-N signals
except for the A1, A2 and J0 bytes.
(3) The regenerator section overhead processor extracts and processes other
regenerator section overhead bytes in the STM-N signal. Among all the
bytes, B1 byte is the most important.
If the B1 byte recovered from an STM-N signal is not consistent with the BIP-8
computing result of the preceding STM-N frame, the B1 error will be reported. If the
number of B1 bit errors exceeds the threshold 10-3 (default), a B1-OVER alarm will
be reported.
When ten severely errored seconds (SES) in regenerator section appear
consecutively (i.e. the errored blocks reach 30% in one second), it is considered that
RSUATEVENT (regenerator section unavailable time event) occurs.
At the same time, in this section, these bytes, such as F1, D1~D3 and E1, which
have nothing to do with alarm and performance will be sent to the SCC module and
overhead module.
2. Multiplex section overhead processor
Multiplex overhead bytes that are related to alarm and performance are to be
processed in this part including: automatic protection switching path bytes (K1, K2),
MS error monitoring byte (B2), multiplex section remote error indication (M1). The
signal flow is as follows:
(1) The multiplex section overhead processor extracts multiplex section
overhead bytes in the STM-N signal for processing and completes SF and
SD detection. It sends D4~D12, S1 and E2 to the SCC unit and overhead
unit, meanwhile it uses the K1, K2 bytes to realize the shared multiplex
section protection (MSP) function with the cooperation of the SCC board
and cross-connect unit.
If the b6-b8 of K2 byte is detected as 111, the MS-AIS alarm will be reported and an
all “1”s signal will be inserted. If the b6-b8 of K2 byte is detected as 110, the MS-RDI
alarm will be reported.
1-6
(2) If the B2 byte recovered from the STM-N signal does not consist with the
BIP-24 computing result of the preceding STM-N frame (All bits expect for
the regenerator section overhead), then the B2 bit error is reported.
Whether to report MS-REI is determined by M1 bytes. MS-REI transfers the number
of error interleaved bit block detected by the B2 byte.
If B2 bit errors exceed the threshold 10-6 (default), a B2-SD alarm will be generated.
If the B2 bit errors exceed the threshold 10-3 (default), a B2-OVER alarm will be
generated. In multiplex section protection mode, the B2-SD and B2-OVER alarms
will give rise to multiplex section protection switching.
If the B2 byte detects SES consecutively for 10 seconds (errored blocks reach 30%
in one second), it is considered as an MSUATEVENT (multiplex section unavailable
time event).
3. Pointer processor and higher order path overhead processor
This part deals with higher order pointer justification and higher order path overhead.
Bytes related to pointer justification are H1, H2 and H3, and those related to alarm
and bit error are higher order path trace byte (J1), signal label byte (C2), higher order
path error monitoring byte (B3), path status byte (G1) and multiframe indicator byte
(H4).
Their alarm flow is as follows:
(1) The pointer processor interprets and justifies the pointer on the basis of H1,
H2 bytes of each AU-4, achieves frequency and phase alignment and
contains phase jitter and wander in the network. At the same time, it locates
each VC-4 and sends it to the corresponding higher order path overhead
processor. If H1 and H2 bytes of AU pointer are detected to be all “1”s, an
AU-AIS (administrative unit-alarm indication signal) alarm will be reported
and an all “1”s signal will be inserted. If the pointer values of H1 and H2 are
illegal (not in the normal range of 0 to 782) and illegal pointers are received
consecutively in eight frames, then an AU-LOP (administrative unit-loss of
pointer) alarm will be reported and an all “1”s signal will be inserted.
In case positive AU pointer justification occurs, the number of PJCHIGHs of MSA
increases by 1. In case negative AU pointer justification occurs, the number of the
PJCLOW of MSA increases by 1.
(2) The higher order path overhead processor processes higher order path
overhead (HPOH) bytes in the received N × VC-4s. The mode for
processing each byte is as follows.
If J1 byte value detected is not the same as the preset one, an HP-TIM alarm will be
reported and an all “1”s signal will be inserted.
If C2 byte is detected as 00, a Higher Order Path- Unequipped (HP-UNEQ) alarm
will be reported and an all “1”s signal will be inserted. If C2 byte value detected is
different from the preset one, a Higher Order path - Signal Label Mismatch
1-7
(HP-SLM ) alarm will be reported and an all “1”s signal will be inserted.
The payload structure used at present is TUG, and the preset value of C2
corresponding to the structure is 02.
If B3 byte recovered from HPOH is not consistent with BIP-8 computing result of
VC-4 signal of the preceding frame, the B3 bit error will be reported.
In OptiX STM-N (N≤4) lower order SDH interface board, to extract TU-12 signal from
VC-4, H4 byte is required to indicate which frame of the current multiframe the
current TU-12 is in. If H4 byte is detected as illegal, a Higher Order Path- Loss of
Multiframe (HP-LOM ) alarm will be reported, and an all “1”s signal and the normal
H4 byte will be inserted.
If b5 of G1 byte is detected as 1, an HP-RDI alarm will be reported. Whether to
report an HP-REI alarm or not depends on the value of G1 (b1-b4). If the value of
G1 (b1-b4) is 1~8, an HP-REI alarm will be reported.
When B3 has detected SES consecutively for ten seconds (errored blocks reach
30% in one second), it is considered as an HVCUATEVENT (higher order virtual
container unavailable time event).
Other overhead bytes, F3, K3 and N1, are reserved for future use.
(3) Finally, N × STM-1 payloads processed in the above way are sent to the
cross-connect unit for cross connection of higher order path and lower order
path.
1.2.2 Uplink Signal Flow
If the extraction and termination of overhead bytes are completed in the downlink
signal flow of higher order part, you can think that the generation of initial value for
overhead byte and the return of alarm signal to the opposite station are completed in
the uplink signal flow of higher order part.
1. Pointer processor and higher order path overhead processor
(1) N × STM-1 payload signals from the cross-connect unit is firstly sent to
higher order path overhead processor.
(2) The higher order path overhead processor generates N higher order path
overhead bytes, which are sent to pointer processor together with N
payload. Along the uplink direction, the function of setting higher order path
overhead bytes (including J1, C2, B3, G1, F2, F3 and N1) can be
completed.
If AU-AIS, AU-LOP, HP-UNEQ or HP-LOM (HP-TIM and HP-SLM optional) alarms
are detected in downlink signal flow, set the b5 of G1 byte to 1 and HP-RDI alarm
will be returned to the remote end. If B3 bit errors are tested in the downlink signal,
set the b1-b4 of G1 byte to a corresponding bit error value (ranging 1~8) according
to the error value tested, and HP-REI alarm will be returned to the remote end.
H4 byte will not be processed in the uplink direction.
1-8
(3) Pointer processor generates N AU-4 pointers, adapts VC-4 into AU-4,
among which AU-4 pointer is represented by H1 and H2 bytes, then N
AU-4s are multiplexed into STM-N signal by multiplexing processor and
sent to multiplex section overhead processor.
2. Multiplex section overhead processor
Multiplex section overhead processor sets MSOH bytes (including K1, K2, D4-D12,
S1, M1, E2 and B2) for the received STM-N signal.
If R-LOS, R-LOF or MS-AIS alarm is detected in the downlink signal flow, the b6-b8
of K2 byte will be set to 110 and MS-RDI alarm will be returned to the remote end.
If B2 bit errors are detected in the downlink signal flow, MS-REI alarm will be
returned to the remote end via the M1 byte.
3. Frame synchronizer and regenerator section overhead processor
(1) Regenerator section overhead processor sets overhead bytes in

regenerator section (including A1, A2, J0, E1, F1, D1-D3 and B1), and
sends a complete STM-N electrical signal to frame synchronizer and
scrambler.
(2) Frame synchronizer and scrambler scrambles STM-N electrical signals,
then the STM-N electrical signal is converted into STM-N optical signal by
the E/O module and sent out of the optical interface.
1-9
1.3 Generation of Alarm and
Performance in Signal Flow of SDH

Lower Order Part
PDH services include 1.5Mbit/s, 2Mbit/s, 34Mbit/s and 140Mbit/ services. PDH
services at different rates use various path overhead bytes. Thus the alarm signal
generation modes differ slightly.
The following will describe the processing of the signal flow between PDH interface
and the cross-connect unit, and the generation of alarms by taking 2Mbit/s service
as an example. The alarm signal flow is as shown in Figure 1-3.
HPA , LPT LPA PPI
E1-AIS All "1''s T-ALOS

LP-SLM
V5
Cross-connect LP-UNEQ
V5
board LP-TIM E1 interface
J2
TU-LOP LP-TFIFO
V1, V2
TU-AIS
V1, V2
H4 HP-LOM
LP-RDI
V5
E1-AIS All "1''s
BIP-2
V5
LP-REI
V5
LP-RFIFO
Signal flow Alarm report or return
Signal transfer point Alarm termination point

(Insert down all "1"s signal) (Report to the SCC unit)
Figure 1-3 Generation of alarm signals between the 2M PDH interface and the cross-connect unit
As shown in the above diagram, in view of different characteristics of overhead byte

processing in each part, the lower order part is also divided into several functional
modules. They are higher order path adapter (HPA), lower order path terminal (LPT),
lower order path adapter (LPA) and asynchronous physical interface in sequence. In
the following, we will take these functional modules as indices to introduce alarm
signal flow.
1-10
1.3.1 Downlink Signal Flow
1. Higher order path adapter (HPA) and lower order path terminal (LPT)
This part is the core of lower order part, because most of the lower order overhead
bytes are processed here, including lower order path pointer indication bytes (V1, V2
and V3), V5 byte, and lower order path identifier (J2).
(1) VC-4 signal from the cross-connect unit is sent to HPA.
(2) HPA demaps the VC-4 into VC-12s. Pointers of all VC-12s are decoded, so
as to provide, between the VC-4 and the VC-12, the frame offset
information in byte.
When node clock at TU-12 assembler is different from local reference clock, this
process needs continuous pointer justification. Positive TU pointer justification
(LPPPJE) and negative TU pointer justification (LPNPJE) will be detected in
downlink signal flow. The TU pointer justification count threshold-crossing (The
threshold is adjustable) expressed in a group of alarms HPADCROSSTR.
HPADCROSSTR includes:
HPADPJCHIGHCX15 (number of TU pointer positive justifications counted within 15
minutes);
HPADPJCHIGHCX24 (number of TU pointer positive justifications counted within 24
hours);
HPADPJCLOWCX15 (number of TU pointer negative justifications counted within 15
minutes);
and HPADPJCLOWCX24 (number of TU pointer negative justifications counted
within 24 hours).
If incorrect H4 multiframe byte sequence is detected in the downlink, the HP-LOM
alarm is reported.
If the lower order pointer byte V1 or V2 is detected to be all “1”s, TU-AIS alarm will
be reported. If the value of V1 or V2 is detected illegal, TU-LOP alarm will be
reported. If either of these two alarms occur, all “1”s signal will be inserted to the next
functional block.
In addition, if TU-AIS alarm is received, AIS signal will be inserted in the downward
data, and LP-RDI will be returned. To return LP-RDI is to set the b8 of V5 byte to "1".
(3) The VC-12 signal flow is sent to the LPT unit for V5 byte processing.
Timeslot structure of V5 byte is as shown in Figure 1-4.
V5 byte b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7 b8
BIP-2 error check Signal label

Inconsistent:LPBBE 1:LP-REI Unused 000:LP-UNEQ 1:LP-RDI
Figure 1-4 The structure of V5 byte
1-11
Detect the b5-b7 of V5 byte in the downlink signal flow, and report them as signal
labels. If they are 000, it means that lower order paths are not equipped (LP-UNEQ),
and AIS signal is inserted into the lower level circuit. If signal label mismatch occurs,
LP-SLM will be reported and AIS signal will be inserted in the lower level circuit.
Path RDI information in the b8 of V5 byte will be terminated, and REI will be
reported.
Detect error monitoring bits b1 and b2 of V5 byte and calculate BIP-2 for VC-12.
BIP-2 value calculated for the current frame will be compared with the b1 and b2 of
V5 byte recovered from the next frame. LPBBE will be reported if they are
inconsistent. Meanwhile the b3 of V5 byte is recovered, and if it is "1", it means that
the remote end has BIP-2 error and LPFEBBE will be reported. The b4 of V5 byte is
not used.
In BIP-2 monitoring, when it is found that ten consecutive SESs (errored blocks
reach 30% in one second) appears, it is considered as an LVCUATEVENT (lower
order virtual container unavailable time event).
(4) At the same time, the lower order path identifier J2 will be recovered and it
is tested whether the value of J2 byte received is equal to the expected
value. If they are not equal, lower order path trace identifier mismatch alarm
(LP-TIM) will be reported.
2. Lower order path adapter (LPA) and asynchronous physical interface
(PPI)
(1) C-12 data processed in the above procedure are sent to LPA. Subscriber
data stream and the related clock reference signals are recovered from the
container simultaneously, and sent to PPI as data and timing reference.
(2) After processed by LPA, the data and clock are sent to PPI, forming a
2048kbit/s signal.
1.3.2 Uplink Signal Flow
1. Lower order path adapter (LPA) and Plesiochronous physical interface

(PPI)
(1) When E1 electrical signal enters PPI and after clock extraction and dada
regeneration, it is sent to mapping and de-mapping processor, meanwhile
jitter suppression will be performed.
PPI detects and terminates the T-ALOS alarm. When it detects T-ALOS alarm, it will
insert all “1”s signals in the upper level circuit.
(2) LPA completes data adaptation
If it receives E1-AIS, it will report E1-AIS alarm. T-ALOS alarm will cause E1-AIS
alarm, but in case T-ALOS alarm occurs, E1-AIS alarm can be suppressed.
1-12
If the deviation of uplink data rate is too high, it will result in FIFO overflow at the
transmit end of lower order path, thus LP-TFIFO will be reported.
2. Higher order path adapter (HPA) and lower order path terminal (LPT)
(1) LPT allows the POH to be inserted in the C-12 to constitute the VC-12.
LPT inserts "signal label" in the b5-b7 of V5 byte, calculate BIP-2 for the previous
multiframe data and set the result to the b1 and b2 of V5 byte in the frame. If it is
detected in downlink signal flow that the downlink data has "path terminal error", the
b3 of V5 byte will be set to "1" in the next frame and LP-PEI will be returned.
(2) HPA adapts VC-12 into TU-12, then maps it into higher order VC-4, and
sends it to the cross-connect unit. The frame offset in byte between the
VC-12 and the VC-4 is expressed in a TU-12 pointer. Each frame defines
one of V1, V2, V3, and V4 bytes, and every four frames compose a
multiframe, and, the H4 byte that is used to determine the value of V byte is
also generated here.
1.3.3 Difference between 34M/140M Electrical

Interface Alarm Signal and 2M Electrical
Interface Alarm Signal
For 34Mbit/s and 140Mbit/s PDH services, the flow of signal processing is the same
as that of 2Mbit/s PDH service But there are still some differences. For example:
1. Same type of alarms with different names
(1) For 2Mbit/s electrical interface board (such as PD1), the external signal loss
alarm of its PDH interface is T-ALOS alarm. For 34Mbit/s electrical interface
unit, the external signal loss of its PDH interface is indicated by P-LOS. For
140Mbit/s electrical interface unit (such as PL4), this alarm is indicated by
EXT-LOS.
(2) In 2Mbit/s electrical interface board (such as PD1), when signals in
downlink signal flow are detected as all “1”s, TU-AIS alarm will be reported.
In 34Mbit/s electrical interface board (such as PL3), E3-AIS alarm will be
reported. In 140Mbit/s electrical interface unit (such as PL4), C4-RLAISD is
used to indicate that it is detected in downlink direction that the payloads
are all “1”s, while C4-TLAISD is used to indicate that it is detected in uplink
direction that the payloads are all “1”s. EXT-LOS alarm will cause
C4-TLAISD alarm.
1-13
2. Path overhead bytes used for alarm and performance monitoring are
different
The path overhead bytes used in 34Mbit/s interface board and 140Mbit/s interface
board are B3, J1, C2 and G1 bytes. Among them, B3 byte is used for error
monitoring with the even BIP-8 code. Its function is the same as that of the b1-b2 of
V5 byte. The function of J1 byte is the same as that of J2 byte. C2 byte is the signal
label byte and its function is the same as the b5-b7 of V5 byte. G1 byte is used for
generating alarm reply. Its structure is shown in Figure 1-5.
b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7 b8
LP-REI LP-RDI Reserved Spare

Figure 1-5 G1 byte structure
Here, the coding meaning of b1 to b4 of G1 byte is: 0000-1000 indicates that there
are 0 to 8 errors respectively, and 1001-1111 indicates there are no errors.
1-14
1.4 Suppression Correlation between
SDH Alarms
Through the above analysis of various common alarms in the alarm signal flow, we
find that the alarms are associated with each other. Some alarms trigger other
alarms. In particular, higher order alarms often raise lower order alarms.
Here is a simple example. If R-LOS is generated on the optical board due to optical
path fault, AIS is inserted into the downstream circuit, so the overhead bytes are all
“1”s. It triggers a series of alarms, such as R-LOF, R-OOF, and MS-AIS, etc. The
generation of these alarms is natural, but it is not practical for the maintenance
personnel. As the upstream node fails, it is not necessary to talk about the
downstream nodes.
In addition, if all these alarms networkwide are all reported simultaneously, the
amount of data reported is too large,thus increasing the workload of the NMS and
the SCC and making the user confused.
To avoid such a problem, alarm suppression comes into picture to mask the alarms
that are not necessary to report.
The suppression relationship of the main alarms is as shown in Figure 1-6.
R-LOS R-LOF
B2-EXC MS-AIS
AU-LOP AU-AIS HP-UNEQ HP-TIM HP-SLM
TU-AIS
Figure 1-6 Suppression tree of main alarms
The higher level alarm on the tail side of the arrow will suppress the lower level
alarms on the head side of the arrow. In this way, we can focus on the higher level
alarm in fault locating.
1-15
Prompt:
Note that no suppression correlation exists between performance data at different
levels, though there is a suppression correlation between alarms at different levels.
For example, when B1 bit error occurs, the system will not act to cause the
generation of B2 bit error. B2 bit error data is generated by computing the contents
within B2’s working scope.
1-16
1.5 Generation and Detection of
SDH Performance
The performance of an SDH network includes bit error performance, jitter

performance, wander performance, and availability indices. They are important for
the transmission quality of the SDH network.
1.5.1 Bit Error
1. Generation mechanism
The SDH system adopts bit interleaved parity (BIP) to detect bit error, i.e., BIP is
done on the BIP matrix of the regenerator section, multiplex section, higher order
path, and lower order path with the B1, B2, B3 and V5 bytes.
The B1 byte is allocated for the regenerator section error monitoring function. This
function shall be a Bit Interleaved Parity 8 (BIP-8) code using even parity. The
working mechanism for the B1 byte is as follows:
At the transmit end the BIP-8 even parity is done over all the scrambled bytes of the
STM-N frame and the result is placed in the B1 byte of the next frame (STM-(N+1)
frame) to be scrambled. At the receive end the BIP-8 check is done over all bits of
the current (STM-(N-1)) frame to be descrambled and the result is compared with
the value of the descrambled B1 byte of the next (STM-N) frame. If the two values
are different, conduct exclusive-OR operation on them. The number of "1"s in the
result is the number of errored blocks in the STM-N frame during transmission.
The B2 byte is allocated for multiplex section error monitoring function and its
mechanism is similar to that of B1 byte. The B1 byte monitors the errors occurring in
the whole STM-N frame during transmission. One STM-N frame has one B1 byte.
The B2 byte monitors the errors occurring in every STM-1 frame in the STM-N frame.
There are N × 3 B2 bytes in an STM-N frame, namely, three B2 bytes for one STM-1
frame. The mechanism for the B2 byte monitoring is that at the transmit end the
BIP-24 is computed over all bits of the previous STM-1 frame to be scrambled
(except for the RSOH included in the check over the whole STM-N frame by B1) and
the result is placed in B2 bytes of the current STM-1 frame to be scrambled. At the
receive end the BIP-24 is computed over all bits of the current scrambled STM-1
frame except for the RSOH and exclusive-OR operation is conducted between the
parity result and the scrambled B2 bytes in the next frame. The number of "1"s in the
result of the exclusive-OR operation is the number of errored blocks occurring in this
STM-1 frame transmitted within STM-N frame. This method can at most monitor 24
errored blocks.
The B3 byte is allocated for monitoring the bit error performance of VC-4 transmitted
within the STM-N frame, i.e., monitoring the error performance of 140Mbit/s signal
transmitted within the STM-N frame. Its monitoring mechanism is similar to that of
the B1 and B2 bytes except that it is used to perform BIP-8 parity for the VC-4 frame.
The V5 byte provides the functions of error monitor, signal label and VC-12 path
status and it monitors the error performance of VC-12 transmitted within STM-N
1-17
frame. Bits 1- 2 convey the BIP-2. If the receive end monitors errored blocks through
BIP-2, the errored blocks detected by BIP-2 will be displayed in the performance of
the local end. Bit 3 of the V5 byte returns lower order path remote error indication
(LP-REI) to the transmit end and the corresponding errored blocks will be displayed
in the performance at the transmit end.
2. Error detection and report
Figure 1-7 shows the error detection relation and location.

LPT HPT MST RST RST MST HPT LPT
B1
B2
B3
V5
Figure 1-7 Error detection relation and location
In Figure 1-7 RST is regenerator section terminal, MST is multiplex section terminal,
HPT is higher order path terminal, and LPT is lower order path terminal. The B1, B2,
B3 and V5 errors are respectively monitored among them. Figure 1-7 shows that
errors occurring in lower order path will not be detected in higher order path,
multiplex section and regenerator section. If errors occur in regenerator section, they
will occur in multiplex section, higher order path and lower order path as well.
Generally higher order bit errors will trigger lower order errors. For example, if
there is B1 error, B2 ,B3 and V5 errors will usually be generated. On the
contrary, if V5 bit error occurs, B3, B2 and B1 bit errors do not always occur.
When the local end of an SDH system detects errors, it will report error performance
or alarm and notify the remote end through overhead bytes about error detection.
3. Terms
Errored block (EB) is a block in which one or more bits are in error.
Background block error (BBE) is an errored block occurring outside of the period of
UAT and SES.
Remote end block of background error (FEBBE) is a BBE event detected at the
remote end.
Errored second (ES) is a one-second period with one or more errored blocks
detected.
Remote end errored second (FEES) is an ES event detected at the remote end.
Severely errored second (SES) is a one-second period which contains ≥30% errored
blocks or at least one serious disturbance period (SDP). Here, the SDP is a period of
at least four consecutive blocks or 1ms (taking the longer one) where the error ratios
of all the consecutive blocks are ≥ 10-2 or loss of signal occurs.
Remote end severely errored second (FESES) is a SES event detected at the
1-18
remote end.
Consecutive severely errored second (CSES) is that the SES events consecutively
occur, but last less than 10 seconds.
Remote end consecutive severely errored second (FESES) is a CSES event
detected at the remote end.
Unavailable second (UAS) is a period of 10 consecutive seconds during which the
bit error ratio per second of the digital signal in either of the transmission directions of
a transmission system is inferior to 10-3 . These ten seconds are considered to be
part of unavailable time.
4. Relationship with alarms
When detecting errors, the local end of the SDH system reports error performance
or alarm event and returns error detection information to the remote end via
overhead bytes. Based on these performance and alarm events from the local end
and remote end, we can conveniently locate faulty section of the path or locate the
direction where errors occur. Table 1-1 lists the performance and alarm events
related with errors.
Table 1-1 Monitor positions and functions of alarm and performance for bit error threshold crossing
Item Performance Alarm event
The local end The local end The local end reports The local end reports events
reports reports performance events reported when when the remote end
performance when when the remote it detects error detects errors
it detects errors end detects errors threshold-crossing
Regenerat RSBBE - B1_OVER -

-or section
Multiplex MSBBE MSFEBBE B2_OVER MS_REI

section
Higher HPBBE HPFEBBE HPCROSSTR HP_REI

order path
Lower LPBBE LPFEBBE LPCROSSTR LP_REI

order path
(1) If the B1 byte recovered from STM-N signal is not consistent with BIP-8
computing result of the previous STM-N frame, B1 bit error will be reported.
(2) If the B2 byte recovered from the STM-N signal is not consistent with the
BIP-24 computing result of the previous STM-N frame (all bits expect for the
regenerator section overhead), B2 bit error will be reported.
(3) If the B3 byte recovered from HPOH is not consistent with BIP-8 computing
result of VC-4 signal of the previous frame, B3 bit error will be reported.
(4) If B1, B2 and B3 bit errors exceed the threshold 10-6 , such alarms as
B1_SD, B2_SD, B3_SD will occur. If B1, B2 and B3 bit errors exceed the
1-19
threshold 10-3, such alarms as B1_OVER, B2_OVER and B3_OVER will

occur.
When ten SESs (errored block reaches 30% within one second) in regenerator
section appear consecutively, it is considered as an RSUATEVENT (regenerator
section unavailable time event).
When B2 detects SESs consecutively for 10 seconds (errored block reaches 30%
within one second), it is considered as an MSUATEVENT (multiplex section
unavailable time event) .
When B3 detects SESs consecutively for 10 seconds (errored block reaches 30%
within one second), it is considered that HVCUATEVENT (higher order virtual
container unavailable time event) happens.
1.5.2 Pointer Justification
Pointer justification is to adjust pointers as required in practice, so as to tolerate rate

asynchronization and phase difference of payload signals. That is, perform pointer
justification on information payloads to make the payloads synchronous with the
STM-N frame.
The payload pointer in the SDH can be classified into administrative unit pointer
(AU_PTR) and tributary unit pointer (TU_PTR), so pointer justification falls into AU
pointer justification and TU pointer justification.
1. Generation mechanism of AU pointer justification
In the AU-4 frame as shown in Figure 1-8, several bytes in specific locations (the first
nine bytes in the fourth row) are used to record the location of the starting point of
data information in the frame. That is, they are used to indicate the phase of the data
information. These bytes are called pointers. Here, H1 and H2 are pointers, and
three H3s are negative pointer justification opportunities.
9 row
VC-4
H1 Y Y H2 1* 1* H3 H3 H3
1 9
AU- 4 PTR
10 270 column
Y Byte : 1001SS11 (S Unspecified )
11111111
1* Byte :
Figure 1-8 Location and content of AU-PTR
When the network is synchronous, the pointer is used for phase alignment among
signals in synchronization. If the SDH NEs work under the same clock, the signals
sent from various NEs to a certain NE have the same clock frequency, it is
unnecessary to make rate adaptation. In the transient point of view, it may be either
a little faster or slower, so phase alignment is needed.
When the network is out of synchronization, different NEs will work with frequency
difference, and the pointer is used for frequency alignment. Pointer justification can
also be used to tolerate the frequency jitter and wander of the network.
1-20
As shown in Table 1-2, if the frame rate of the VC is different from that of the AUG,
information will be stuffed in the H3 bytes of AU pointer area or idle bytes stuffed with
pseudo-random information will be inserted before the VC to decrease or increase
the frame rate of the VC. Meanwhile the pointer value will be incremented or
decremented to raise or drop the frame rate of the VC. Thus, positive pointer
justification and negative pointer justification are generated.
Table 1-2 Pointer justification state
State Byte numbering and content of the fourth row in STM-1 frame Rate relation
name 7 8 9 10 11 12
Pointer H3 H3 H3 Information Information Information Information =
zero container
justification
Positive H3 H3 H3 Stuffing Stuffing Stuffing Information <

pointer container
justification
Negative Information Information Information Information Information Information Information >

pointer container
justification
All the NEs in the SDH network are normally well synchronized, pointer justification
seldom occurs. Actual monitoring on the pointer justification performance of the
network proves that either AU pointer justification or TU pointer justification seldom
occurs.
However, it is difficult to guarantee all the NEs are well synchronized all the time
during long-term network running. If one or more NEs is out of synchronization, and
even if this situation lasts for a very short time, a great amount of pointer
justifications will occur. Positive or negative pointer justification takes place
consecutively to adjust the phase forward or backward to realize frequency
calibration.
2. Generation mechanism of TU pointer justification
The causes of TU pointer justification are as follows:

(1) Transformed from AU pointer justification
TU pointer justification cannot appear when E1 signal is adapted into VC-12, then
multiplexed into STM-1. If there is frequency offset between E1 signal of the switch
and SDH clock, adapt the signal to realize synchronization. So TU pointer
justification detected on the tributary board are generally transformed from AU
pointer justification. TU pointer justification occurs as AU pointer justification is
transformed into TU pointer justification during demultiplexing.
(2) The system clock is not consistent with the received clock, so TU pointer
justification occurs during demultiplexing.
(3) Pointer justification occurs at the upstream NE where the service passes,
and TU pointer justification will appear during demultiplexing after the
service arrives at the local station.
1-21
3. Detection and reporting of pointer justification
After AU pointer justification occurs, it is detected and reported in two modes: remote
detection and local detection.
[Remote detection]
After AU pointer justification occurs at the local station, the information about pointer
justification is neither detected nor reported at the local station but is transferred to
the remote station via H1 and H2 bytes. The remote station realizes the reporting of
AU pointer justification by interpreting the H1 and H2 bytes. So in this mode, if the
remote station reports AU pointer justification event, it indicates that the local station
has pointer justification. Here, the remote station refers to the downstream station
along the clock tracing direction.
[Local detection]
AU pointer justification generated at the local station is detected and reported locally.
So, if the local station reports AU pointer justification event, it indicates that the local
station has pointer justification.
In an SDH system AU pointer justification events on a majority of optical boards are
detected and reported by interpreting the H1 and H2 bytes. This is called remote
detection mode.
TU pointer justification reported by the tributary board is just an interpretation of
transforming AU pointer justification into TU pointer justification. Since the
transformation of AU pointer justification into TU pointer justification may happen at
the upstream station instead of the local station. Therefore, it does not necessarily
indicate that pointer justification occurs at the local station if the tributary board
reports pointer justification events.
Generally, AU pointer justification is generated at the upstream station while detected
and reported at the downstream station. TU pointer justification is generated at the
station where AU pointer justification is transformed into TU pointer justification, and
detected and reported on the tributary board of the station where the service is
terminated.
1-22
1.6 Application of Locating a Fault
According to Signal Flow
Through the above study we are clear about the alarm signal flow, and we lay a
theoretical foundation for practical application. It is our ultimate goal to guide practice
with theory in promptly locating and removing the faults according to the signal flow
principles. The following describes two typical cases and we hope they help in our
troubleshooting.
1.6.1 Bit Error
(1) Networking diagram

Figure 1-9 shows a certain networking diagram.
W W E W
A B C
Figure 1-9 Networking diagram in analysis of error problem
It is a chain network formed by three OptiX OSN 3500 NEs at the rate of 2.5Gbit/s.
Station A is a gateway station. There is 2Mbit/s service among the stations in
distributed service mode.
(2) Fault phenomena
Query the tested performance data from the NMS. It is found at station A that the
services between Stations A and B, between Stations A and C have a large amount
of LPBBE in the tributary, and a great deal of HPBBE, MSBBE in the westbound line.
Check Station B, and find a great number of HPFEBBE, MSFEBBE in the
westbound line, and the service between Stations A and C has a majority of
LPFEBBE in the tributary, but the services between Stations B and C is normal.
Check Station C, and find that the service between Stations C and A has a number
of LPFEBBE only in the tributary.
(3) Fault analysis
According to the principle of " station first, board second", locate the faulty NE first.
There are bit errors between Stations A and B, between Stations A and C, and no bit
error between Stations B and C. According to this we can judge that the fault lies
between Stations A and B. Because all services with errors pass this section of route.
But is the problem in Station A or B, or in the optical path? We have to analyze
performance data.
First, we analyze the performance data in the line according to the principle of
"higher level first, lower level second, and line first, tributary second".
From the signal flow knowledge mentioned above, we may know that there are three
types of bit error monitoring overhead bytes B1, B2, B3 in the line. B1 byte monitors
the route between regenerator sections of two stations; B2 byte monitors the route
1-23
between the multiplex sections of the two stations; B3 byte monitors only the route
between higher order paths of the two stations. Obviously, the route monitored by B3
byte covers that monitored by B2 and B1 bytes, and the route monitored by B2 byte
covers that monitored by B1 byte.
As seen from the on-site data, there are only B2 and B3 bit errors. This means that
the route between the regenerator sections of the two stations is sound, thus
excluding the possibility of the optical path fault. If there are B2 bit error, there may
be a failure on the route between the multiplex sections of the two stations. In terms
of the contents of bit error data, Station A has BBE, and Station B has FEBBE. It
shows that the bit errors in the signal are tested at Station A, but it does not mean
that the problem must be in Station A as the bit errors are all tested in downlink
signal flow. Therefore, the bit errors tested in Station A may come either from the
receive end of the home station or from the transmit end of remote station B.
Now, we may troubleshoot station one by one. First self-loop the westbound optical
line of Station A and find that the errors of this station disappear, then the problem is
not in this station. Replace the westbound optical board S16 of Station B, and find
that the bit errors of the whole network disappear, then the problem is solved.
Tips:
In the analysis of the above problem, according to the coverage relation of routes
tested by B1, B2 and B3 bytes, we take such an assumption as B1 bit error would
cause B2 and B3 bit errors, and B2 bit error would cause B3 bit error.
But, in fact, this regularity is not absolute. Though the routes tested by B1, B2 and
B3 bytes have coverage relation, the contents tested by the three bytes respectively
don't have coverage relation. B1 byte detects all bytes of STM-N frame, but B2 byte
only detects all bytes except regenerator section overhead and B3 byte only detects
all bits of VC-3 and VC-4 of each path. Hence, if the overhead bytes get bit errors,
the inclusion relation among the three will be broken off. For example, if errors tested
in regenerator section overhead byte B1 cannot be tested by B2 and B3 bytes.
However, in actual maintenance it is seldom to find that the errors only occur in the
overhead byte. We can make use of the route coverage relation of B1, B2 and B3
bytes to locate the failure as a rule of thumb.
1.6.2 Alarm
The thought of troubleshooting according to the alarm is similar to that of

troubleshooting according to the performance parameters. The only difference is that
bit error problem is simple in variety, while alarm problem is rather complicated.
Many kinds of alarms are often mixed together which brings difficulty in
troubleshooting. If we consider alarms comprehensively according to their
generation mechanism in signal flow, common problems can be solved. The
following describes a simple example.
(1) Networking diagram
Figure 1-10 shows the networking diagram.
1-24
W A E
E W
F B
W E
E C
E D
W
Figure 1-10 Networking diagram in analysis of alarm problem
Six OptiX OSN 3500 NEs of A, B, C, D, E and F form a multiplex section ring of
2.5Gbit/s. It is a centralized service. Each station has service with Station A.
(2) Fault phenomena
After the equipment operates for a period of time, it is often found that abnormal
switching occurs in the whole network, resulting in the interruption of all services.
Specific phenomena are as follow:
Query the switching status of each station and find that Stations A and B are
eastbound and westbound switching respectively, and, Stations C, D and E are in
pass-through status, but Station A is always in idle status.
When the switching occurs, the eastbound and westbound optical boards of Station
A have momentary T-LOS (transmitting loss of signal) alarms. The eastbound optical
board of Station F and the westbound optical board of Station B have HP-LOM
alarms respectively. Each station has PS alarm except Station A. Services of all
stations have TU-AIS alarms.
(3) Fault analysis
According to the principle of "station first, board second", first locate the problem in a
single station. The T-LOS alarm usually indicates that the cross-connect unit sends
no signal or the signal without frame structure to the line board. This alarm is the one
tested in the uplink signal flow. The HP-LOM alarm is the one tested in the downlink
signal flow. It shows that H4 byte is illegal in the route from the opposite station
generation point to the termination point of the home station. These two alarms are
both probably related with Station A. Hence, we can locate the problem in Station A.
Through the analysis of these two alarms, we know that why H4 becomes illegal is
the poor coordination of the cross-connect unit and line board, or the line board
failure or the cross-connect unit failure. Usually, T-LOS alarm is related to the signal
sent to line unit by the cross-connect unit. Meanwhile, considering that the
eastbound and westbound optical boards of Station A report T-LOS alarms at the
same time, and the cross-connect unit is more likely faulty compared with the line
board. Then try replacing the cross-connect unit.
After replacing the cross-connect unit, observe it for some time and find that fault
phenomena do not reappear. The problem has been removed.
1-25
1.6.3 Summary
Taking the advantage of generation locations of various alarms in the alarm signal
flow, you can narrow down the problem area step by step, thus achieving rapid fault
locating. Therefore, it is essential for professional maintenance personnel to grasp
the corresponding principles of the alarm and performance signal flow.
1-26
2 Alarm and Performance List
2.1 Alarm List
Name Description Severity Board

A_LOC Add to bus - loss of clock Major PL3, PD3, PQ1, PQM
ALM_BELL_RING AUX
ALM_E2EMPTY EEPROM empty Major SEP1, SL64, SL16, SLQ4,

SLD4, SL4, SLQ1, SL1
ALM_HANGUP Telephone hang up for too long Warning AUX

time
APS_FAIL APS protection switching failed Major GXCS, EXCS
APS_INDI APS protection switching Major GXCS, EXCS

indication
APS_MANUAL_STO APS manual stop Minor SCC

P
AU_AIS AU alarm indication Major EFS0, EFS4, EGS2, SL64,

SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4, SLQ1,
SL1, SEP1, SPQ4
AU_CMM The pointer cascade mismatch Major SEP1, SL64, SL16, SLQ4,
AU_LOP AU Loss of Pointer Major SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4,

SLQ1, SL1, SEP1, SPQ4
2-1
Alarm and Performance List OptiX OSN 3500 MM-APE

B1_EXC Regenerator section B1 Minor SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4,
excessive bit error indication SLQ1, SL1, SEP1, SPQ4
B1_SD Regenerator section(B1)signal Minor SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4,

degraded SLQ1, SL1, SEP1, SPQ4
B2_EXC Indication of excessive B2 error Major SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4,
in the multiplex section SLQ1, SL1, SPQ4
B2_SD Signal deterioration indication Minor SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4,
B3_EXC High order path(B3) excessive Major SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4,
errors SLQ1, SL1, SEP1, SPQ4, PL3,
PD3
B3_EXC_VC3 B3_EXC_VC3 Major EFS0, EFS4, EGS2
B3_SD High order path(B3) signal Minor SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4,
degraded SLQ1, SL1, SEP1, SPQ4, PL3,
PD3
B3_SD_VC3 B3_SD_VC3 Minor EFS0, EFS4, EGS2
BDID_ERROR BdID ERROR SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4,

SLQ1, SL1, SEP1, SPQ4, PQ1,
PQM, PL3, PD3
BD_STATUS Board not in position alarm Major EFS0, EFS4, EGS2, SL64,
SL1, SEP1, SCC, AUX, FAN,
BP2, BPA, COA, GXCS, EXCS
BIP_EXC BIP excessive errors Minor EFS0, EFS4, EGS2, PQ1, PQM
BIP_SD BIP signal degraded Minor EFS0, EFS4, EGS2, PQ1, PQM
BUS_ERR Bus error Critical GXCS, EXCS
BUS_LOC Bus dropping loss of clock Major PQ1, PQM, PL3, PD3
C2_PDI C2 byte defect indication Minor SEP1, SL64, SL16, SLQ4,

C2_VCAIS C2 byte alarm indication Major SEP1, SL64, SL16, SLQ4,

C4_R_LAISD Dropping 140M signal AIS Major SPQ4
C4_T_LAISD Adding 140M signal AIS Minor SPQ4
CHIP_FAIL SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4,

PQM, PL3, PD3, GXCS, EXCS
2-2

CLOCK_ENTER_NO Clock entering into non-tracing Minor GXCS, EXCS
_TRACE_MODE running mode
COMMUN_FAIL Board serial port communication Major EFS0, EFS4, EGS2, SL64,
failure SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4, SLQ1,
SL1, SPQ4, SCC, GXCS,
EXCS, PQ1, PQM, PL3, PD3
COOL_CUR_OVER Cooling current override Major COA
DBMS_ERROR Database error Major SCC
DBMS_PROTECT_M Database in protection mode Critical SCC

ODE
DOWN_E1_AIS 2M down signal alarm indication Minor PQ1, PQM
E1_LOC Loss of upstream 2M clock Minor PQ1, PQM
ETH_LOS Ethernet Receive loss of input Critical EFS0, EFS4, EGS2

signal
EXT_LOS External loss of signal Minor SPQ4
EXT_SYNC_LOS Loss of external synchronous Critical GXCS, EXCS

source
FAN_FAIL Fan failed Major FAN
FCS_ERR FCS check error Critical EFS0, EFS4, EGS2
FPGA_ABN Writing/Reading wrong Major EFS0, EFS4, EGS2, AUX, BP2,

BPA, COA, PQ1, PQM, PL3,
PD3, GXCS, EXCS
HARD_BAD Hardware fails Critical EFS0, EFS4, EGS2, GXCS,

EXCS, SCC
HDLC_FAIL Failure of HDLC communication Critical SCC
HP_LOM Higher order Path Loss of Major SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4,
Multiframe SLQ1, SL1, SEP1, SPQ4
HP_RDI Higher order path remote defect Minor SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4,
indication SLQ1, SL1, SEP1, SPQ4
HP_REI High order path remote error Warning SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4,
HP_SLM Higher order path signal Minor SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4,
identification mismatch SLQ1, SL1, SEP1, SPQ4
HP_TIM Higher order path tracking Minor SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4,
identification mismatch SLQ1, SL1, SEP1, SPQ4
2-3

HP_UNEQ No loading error in the higher Minor SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4,
order path SLQ1, SL1, SEP1, SPQ4
IN_PWR_ABN Input power abnormal Major COA, SL64, SL16, SLQ4,

IN_PWR_FAIL Input power failed Critical BP2, BPA, COA
IN_PWR_HIGH Input power is too high Critical BP2, BPA
IN_PWR_LOW Input power is too low Critical BP2, BPA
J0_MM Trace identifier mismatch Minor SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4,
K1_K2_M K1K2 mismatch Minor GXCS, EXCS
K2_M K2 mismatch Minor GXCS, EXCS
LASER_SHUT Laser shut down Major SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4,
SLQ1, SL1
LCAS_BAND_DECR LCAS Bandwith Protect Alarm Major EFS0, EFS4, EGS2

EASED
LOCK_CUR_FAIL Working current lock failed Minor BP2, BPA, COA
LOOP_ALM Loop alm Minor EFS0, EFS4, EGS2, SL64,

SL1, SEP1, SPQ4, PQ1, PQM,
PL3, PD3
LP_R_FIFO FIFO overflow on the receiving Minor PQ1, PQM

side of the lower order path
LP_RDI Lower order path remote defect Minor PQ1, PQM, PL3, PD3
indication
LP_RDI_VC12 LP_RDI_VC12 Minor EFS0, EFS4, EGS2
LP_RDI_VC3 LP_RDI_VC3 Minor EFS0, EFS4, EGS2
LP_REI Lower order path remote error Minor PQ1, PQM, PL3, PD3
indication
LP_REI_VC12 LP_REI_VC12 Minor EFS0, EFS4, EGS2
LP_REI_VC3 LP_REI_VC3 Minor EFS0, EFS4, EGS2
LP_RFI Lower order path remote fault Minor PQ1, PQM

indication
LP_SIZE_ERR Lower order path V5 identification Minor PQ1, PQM

mismatch
2-4

LP_SLM Lower order path signal Minor PQ1, PQM, PL3, PD3
identification mismatch
LP_SLM_VC12 LP_SLM_VC12 Minor EFS0, EFS4, EGS2
LP_SLM_VC3 LP_SLM_VC3 Minor EFS0, EFS4, EGS2
LP_T_FIFO FIFO overflow on the Minor PQ1, PQM, PL3, PD3

transmission side of the lower
order path
LP_TIM Lower order path tracking Minor PQ1, PQM, PL3, PD3
identification mismatch
LP_TIM_VC12 LP_TIM_VC12 Minor EFS0, EFS4, EGS2
LP_TIM_VC3 LP_TIM_VC3 Minor EFS0, EFS4, EGS2
LP_UNEQ No payload indication of the Minor PQ1, PQM, PL3, PD3

lower order path
LP_UNEQ_VC12 LP_UNEQ_VC12 Minor EFS0, EFS4, EGS2
LP_UNEQ_VC3 LP_UNEQ_VC3 Minor EFS0, EFS4, EGS2
LSR_COOL_ALM Cooling current of the laser over Major SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4,
threshold SLQ1, SL1
LSR_NO_FITED Laser is not installed Critical EFS0, EFS4, EGS2, SL64,

SL1
LSR_WILL_DIE Laser will be out of work Critical SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4,
SLQ1, SL1
LTI Loss of synchronous source Major GXCS, EXCS
MS_AIS Multiplex section alarm indication Major SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4,
MS_RDI Multiplex section remote defect Minor SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4,
MS_REI Multiplex section remote error Warning SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4,
NE_SF_LOST It lacks a set of host software Warning SCC
NESTATE_INSTALL NE state install Critical SCC
NO_BD_SOFT No board software Critical EFS0, EFS4, EGS2, SL64,

SL1, SEP1, SPQ4, AUX, BP2,
BPA, COA, PQ1, PQM, PL3,
PD3, GXCS, EXCS
2-5

NO_BD_PARA Board parameter not configured Critical BP2, BPA, COA
OH_LOOP OH loopback alarm Minor SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4,

OOL Phase-clock loop unlocked Major GXCS, EXCS
OTH_HARD_FAIL Peer board failure Warning GXCS, EXCS
OUT_PWR_ABN Output power abnormal Critical BP2, BPA, COA
P_AIS PDH interface signal alarm Major PL3, PD3

indication
P_LOS PDH interface - loss of signal Major PL3, PD3
PLL_FAIL Phase Locked Loop Fail Minor SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4,
PQM, PL3, PD3
POWER_ABNORMA Major SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4,

L SLQ1, SL1, SEP1, SPQ4, PQ1,
PQM, PL3, PD3, GXCS, EXCS
POWER_FAIL Power failure Major SCC
PROTOCOL_MM Encapsulation protocol types Critical EFS0, EFS4, EGS2

mismatched
PS Protection switching happened Major PQ1, PQM

indication
PUM_BCM_ALM Bias temperature of the pump Major BP2, BPA

laser over threshold
PUM_COOL_ALARM Cooling current of the pump laser Critical BP2, BPA

over threshold
R_LOC Receive loss of clock Critical SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4,
PQM, PL3, PD3
R_LOF Receive loss of frame Critical SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4,
R_LOS Receive loss of signal Critical SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4,
R_OOF Receive out of frame Critical SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4,
S1_SYN_CHANGE Clock reference Source Change Major GXCS, EXCS

In S1_Mode
SECU_ALM Security alarm Major SCC
2-6

SPARE_PATH_ALM Spare path alm Major SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4,
PQM, PL3, PD3
SUBCARD_ABN Find the fault of sub-card Major PQ1, PQM, PL3, PD3, SPQ4,
EFS0, EFS4, EGS2
SYN_BAD Synchronous source deteriorated Minor GXCS, EXCS
SYNC_C_LOS Synchronous source level loss Warning GXCS, EXCS
SYNC_FORCE_SWI Major GXCS, EXCS

TCH
SYNC_LOCKOFF Timing Source in Priority List has Warning GXCS, EXCS

been Lockout.
T_ALOS 2M interface loss of analog signal Major PQ1, PQM
T_LOS Transmit loss of signal Major EFS0, EFS4, EGS2
T_LOSEX Extended T_LOS alarm Major SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4,
PQM, PL3, PD3
TC_DEG Concatenation bit error Major SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4,
deterioration SLQ1, SL1
TC_EXC Concatenation bit error Minor SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4,
exceeding the threshold SLQ1, SL1
TC_INCAIS Concatenation input alarm Major SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4,
indication SLQ1, SL1
TC_LTC Loss of concatenation Minor SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4,

SLQ1, SL1
TC_ODI Concatenation output defect Major SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4,
TC_OEI Concatenation output bit error Critical SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4,
TC_RDI Concatenation remote defect Major SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4,
TC_REI Concatenation remote bit error Critical SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4,
TC_TIM Concatenation trace bytes Major SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4,
mismatched SLQ1, SL1
TC_UNEQ Concatenation unequipped Major SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4,

SLQ1, SL1
2-7

TEM_HA Laser temperature is too high Minor SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4,
SLQ1, SL1
TEM_LA Laser temperature is too low Major SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4,
SLQ1, SL1
TEMP_OVER Optical module working Minor EFS0, EFS4, EGS2, BP2, BPA,
temperature override COA, GXCS, EXCS
TEST_STATUS Board entering into state of test Critical SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4,
alarm SLQ1, SL1, SEP1, SPQ4,
GXCS, EXCS, PQ1, PQM, PL3,
PD3
TPS_ALM TPS alarm Minor SEP1, SPQ4, PQ1, PQM, PL3,

PD3
TR_LOC Line transmit loss of clock Minor SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4,
PQM, PL3, PD3
TF Laser Failure Critical SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4,

SLQ1, SL1
TU_AIS TU alarm indication Major PQ1, PQM, PL3, PD3
TU_AIS_VC12 TU_AIS_VC12 Major EFS0, EFS4, EGS2
TU_AIS_VC3 TU_AIS_VC3 Major EFS0, EFS4, EGS2
TU_LOP TU Loss of Pointer Major PQ1, PQM, PL3, PD3
TU_LOP_VC12 TU_LOP_VC12 Major EFS0, EFS4, EGS2
TU_LOP_VC3 TU_LOP_VC3 Major EFS0, EFS4, EGS2
UP_E1_AIS 2M signal alarm indication Minor PQ1, PQM
W_OFFLINE Offline of wrench Major GXCS, EXCS
W_R_FAILURE Reading and writing single chip Minor EFS0, EFS4, EGS2, SL64,
register failed SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4, SLQ1,
SL1, BP2, BPA, COA, GXCS,
EXCS, SEP1, SPQ4, PQ1,
PQM, PL3, PD3
WORK_CUR_OVER Working current override Minor COA
WRG_BD_TYPE Wrong inserted board type Minor SCC
2-8
2.2 Board Alarm List
2.2.1 PQ1/PQM Board Alarm List
A_LOC LP_RDI R_LOC
BDID_ERROR LP_REI SPARE_PATH_ALM
BIP_EXC LP_RFI SUBCARD_ABN
BIP_SD LP_SIZE_ERR T_ALOS
BUS_LOC LP_SLM T_LOSEX
CHIP_FAIL LP_T_FIFO TEST_STATUS
COMMUN_FAIL LP_TIM TPS_ALM
DOWN_E1_AIS LP_UNEQ TR_LOC
E1_LOC NO_BD_SOFT TU_AIS
FPGA_ABN PLL_FAIL TU_LOP
LOOP_ALM POWER_ABNORMAL UP_E1_AIS
LP_R_FIFO PS W_R_FAILURE
2.2.2 PL3/PD3 Board Alarm List
A_LOC LP_REI R_LOC
B3_EXC LP_SLM SPARE_PATH_ALM
B3_SD LP_T_FIFO SUBCARD_ABN
BDID_ERROR LP_TIM T_LOSEX
BUS_LOC LP_UNEQ TEST_STATUS
CHIP_FAIL NO_BD_SOFT TPS_ALM
COMMUN_FAIL P_AIS TR_LOC
FPGA_ABN P_LOS TU_AIS
LOOP_ALM PLL_FAIL TU_LOP
LP_RDI POWER_ABNORMAL W_R_FAILURE
2-9
2.2.3 SL64/SL16/SLQ4/SLD4/SL4/SLQ1/SL1
Board Alarm List
ALM_E2EMPTY HP_TIM SPARE_PATH_ALM
AU_AIS HP_UNEQ T_LOSEX
AU_CMM IN_PWR_ABN TC_DEG
AU_LOP J0_MM TC_EXC
B1_EXC LASER_SHUT TC_INCAIS
B1_SD LOOP_ALM TC_LTC
B2_EXC LSR_COOL_ALM TC_ODI
B2_SD LSR_NO_FITED TC_OEI
B3_EXC LSR_WILL_DIE TC_RDI
B3_SD MS_AIS TC_REI
BDID_ERROR MS_RDI TC_TIM
BD_STATUS MS_REI TC_UNEQ
C2_PDI NO_BD_SOFT TEM_HA
C2_VCAIS OH_LOOP TEM_LA
CHIP_FAIL PLL_FAIL TEST_STATUS
COMMUN_FAIL POWER_ABNORMAL TR_LOC
HP_LOM R_LOC TF
HP_RDI R_LOF W_R_FAILURE
HP_REI R_LOS
HP_SLM R_OOF
2.2.4 SEP1 Board Alarm List
ALM_E2EMPTY CHIP_FAIL OH_LOOP
AU_AIS TPS_ALM PLL_FAIL
AU_CMM HP_LOM POWER_ABNORMAL
AU_LOP HP_RDI R_LOC
2-10
B1_EXC HP_REI R_LOF
B1_SD HP_SLM R_LOS
B2_EXC HP_TIM R_OOF
B2_SD HP_UNEQ SPARE_PATH_ALM
B3_EXC J0_MM T_LOSEX
B3_SD LOOP_ALM TEST_STATUS
BDID_ERROR MS_AIS TR_LOC
BD_STATUS MS_RDI W_R_FAILURE
C2_PDI MS_REI
C2_VCAIS NO_BD_SOFT
2-11
2.2.5 SPQ4 Board Alarm List
AU_AIS TPS_ALM PLL_FAIL
AU_LOP HP_LOM POWER_ABNORMAL
B1_EXC HP_RDI R_LOC
B1_SD HP_REI R_LOF
B2_EXC HP_SLM R_LOS
B2_SD HP_TIM R_OOF
B3_EXC HP_UNEQ SPARE_PATH_ALM
B3_SD J0_MM SUBCARD_ABN
BDID_ERROR LOOP_ALM T_LOSEX
C4_R_LAISD MS_AIS TEST_STATUS
C4_T_LAISD MS_RDI TR_LOC
CHIP_FAIL MS_REI W_R_FAILURE
COMMUN_FAIL NO_BD_SOFT
EXT_LOS OH_LOOP
2.2.6 EFS0/EFS4/EGS2 Board Alarm List
AU_AIS LOOP_ALM LSR_NO_FITED
B3_EXC_VC3 LP_RDI_VC12 NO_BD_SOFT
B3_SD_VC3 LP_RDI_VC3 PROTOCOL_MM
BD_STATUS LP_REI_VC12 SUBCARD_ABN
BIP_EXC LP_REI_VC3 T_LOS
BIP_SD LP_RFI TEMP_OVER
COMMUN_FAIL LP_SLM_VC12 TU_AIS_VC12
ETH_LOS LP_SLM_VC3 TU_AIS_VC3
FCS_ERR LP_TIM_VC12 TU_LOP_VC12
FPGA_ABN LP_TIM_VC3 TU_LOP_VC3
2-12
HARD_BAD LP_UNEQ_VC12 W_R_FAILURE
LCAS_BAND_DECREASED LP_UNEQ_VC3
2.2.7 GXCS/EXCS Board Alarm List
APS_FAIL HARD_BAD SYN_BAD
APS_INDI K1_K2_M SYNC_C_LOS
BD_STATUS K2_M SYNC_FORCE_SWITCH
BUS_ERR LTI SYNC_LOCKOFF
CHIP_FAIL NO_BD_SOFT TEMP_OVER
CLOCK_ENTER_NO_TRACE_M
OOL TEST_STATUS
ODE
COMMUN_FAIL OTH_HARD_FAIL W_OFFLINE
EXT_SYNC_LOS POWER_ABNORMAL W_R_FAILURE
FPGA_ABN S1_SYN_CHANGE
2.2.8 SCC Board Alarm List
APS_MANUAL_STOP DBMS_PROTECT_MODE NESTATE_INSTALL
BD_STATUS HARD_BAD POWER_FAIL
COMMUN_FAIL HDLC_FAIL SECU_ALM
DBMS_ERROR NE_SF_LOST WRG_BD_TYPE
2.2.9 BA2/BPA Board Alarm List
BD_STATUS LOCK_CUR_FAIL PUM_BCM_ALM
FPGA_ABN NO_BD_SOFT PUM_COOL_ALARM
IN_PWR_FAIL NOBDPARA TEMP_OVER
IN_PWR_HIGH OUT_PWR_ABN W_R_FAILURE
IN_PWR_LOW
2-13
2.2.10 AUX Board Alarm List
ALM_BELL_RING BD_STATUS NO_BD_SOFT
ALM_HANGUP FPGA_ABN
2.2.11 FAN Board Alarm List
BD_STATUS FAN_FAIL
2-14
2.3 Performance List
2.3.1 SDH Service Performance List
Performance of the SDH service can be classified into three categories: pointer
justification, bit error and equipment function.
Table 2-1 Pointer justification performance
Abbreviation Details Related board
AUPJCHIGH Count of positive AU pointer justifications
SL64, SLQ1, SLQ4, SLD4,
AUPJCLOW Count of negative AU pointer justifications
SL1, SL4, SL16, SPQ4, SEP1
AUPJCNEW Count of new AU pointer justifications
TUPJCHIGH Count of negative TU pointer justifications
TUPJCLOW Count of positive TU pointer justifications PQ1, PQM, PL3, PD3, SPQ4
TUPJCNEW Count of new TU pointer justifications
Table 2-2 Regenerator section error performance

RSBBE Regenerator section block of background error
RSES Regenerator section errored second
RSSES Regenerator section severely errored second
Regenerator section consecutive severely errored SL64, SLQ1, SLQ4, SLD4,

RSCSES
second SL1, SL4, SL16, SPQ4, SEP1
RSOOF Regenerator section out-of-frame count
RSOFS Regenerator section out-of-frame second
RSUAS Regenerator section unavailable second
Table 2-3 Multiplex section error performance

MSBBE Multiplex section block of background error SL64, SLQ1, SLQ4,
SLD4, SL1, SL4, SL16,
MSFEBBE Multiplex section far end block of background error SPQ4, SEP1
MSES Multiplex section errored second
MSFEES Multiplex section far end errored second
2-15

MSSES Multiplex section severely errored second
MSFESES Multiplex section far end severely errored second
MSCSES Multiplex section consecutive severely errored second
Multiplex section far end consecutive severely errored

MSFECSES
second
MSUAS Multiplex section unavailable second
Table 2-4 Higher order path error performance

HPBBE Higher order path block of background error
HPFEBBE Higher order path far end block of background error
HPES Higher order path errored second
HPFEES Higher order path far end errored second
HPSES Higher order path severely errored second

HPFESES Higher order path far end severely errored second
Higher order path consecutive severely errored

HPCSES
second
Higher order path far end consecutive severely

HPFECSES
errored second
HPUAS Higher order path unavailable second
Table 2-5 Lower order path error performance

LPBBE Lower order path block of background error PQ1, PQM, PL3, PD3, SPQ4
LPFEBBE Lower order path far end block of background error
LPES Lower order path errored second
LPFEES Lower order path far end errored second
LPSES Lower order path severely errored second
LPFESES Lower order path far end severely errored second
LPCSES Lower order path consecutive severely errored second
2-16

Lower order path far end consecutive severely errored
LPFECSES
second
LPUAS Lower order path unavailable second
Table 2-6 Concatenation performance

TCBBE Tandem connection block of background error
TCFEBBE Tandem connection far end block of background error
TCOBBE Tandem connection output block of background error
Table 2-7 Equipment function performance

BCVCUR Current value of pump laser back facet current
BCVMAX Maximum value of pump laser back facet current
BCVMIN Minimum value of pump laser back facet current
Current value of laser cooling current of erbium-doped

CCVCUR
fiber amplifier
Maximum value of laser cooling current of

CCVMAX BA2, BPA, COA
erbium-doped fiber amplifier
Minimum value of laser cooling current of

CCVMIN
erbium-doped fiber amplifier
EDWCSCUR Current value of pump laser working current setting
EDWCSMAX Maximum value of working current setting
EDWCSMIN Minimum value of pump laser working current setting
RPLCUR Current value of input optical power

RPLMAX Maximum value of input optical power
SL1, SL4, SL16,
RPLMIN Minimum value of input optical power
TLBCUR Current value of laser bias current SL64, SLQ1, SLQ4, SLD4,
SL1, SL4, SL16,
TLBMAX Maximum value of laser bias current
TLBMIN Minimum value of laser bias current
TPLCUR Current value of output optical power
TPLMAX Maximum value of output optical power
2-17

TPLMIN Minimum value of output optical power
WCVCUR Current value of pump laser working current
WCVMAX Maximum value of pump laser working current BA2, BPA, COA
WCVMIN Minimum value of pump laser working current
2.3.2 Ethernet Service Performance

RX-BYTE-BAD-CNT Number of bytes of received incorrect packets EFS0, EFS4, EGS2
RX-PKT-1024-CNT(1024~ Received packets with the length of 1024 ~ 1518

1518) bytes (including incorrect ones)
Received packets with the length of 128 ~ 255 bytes

RX-PKT-128-CNT(128~ 255)
(including incorrect ones)
RX-PKT-1519-CNT(1519~ Received packets with the length of 1519 ~ MAX

MAX) bytes (including incorrect ones)

RX-PKT-256-CNT(256~ 511)

RX-PKT-512-CNT(512~ 1023)

RX-PKT-65-CNT(65~ 127)
TX-BRD-OK-CNT Number of correctly transmitted broadcast packets
TX-BYTE-BAD-CNT Number of abnormally transmitted bytes
TX-BYTE-OK-CNT Number of bytes of correctly transmitted packets
TX-COL-CNT Times of collisions during transmission
TX-DEFER-CNT Number of deferred packets
Number of incorrectly transmitted packets due to

TX-ERR-CNT
underflow
Number of overdue packets suspended due to

TX-LCOL-CNT
collision
TX-LOST-CNT Number of discarded packets
TX-MLT-OK-CNT Number of correctly transmitted multicast packets
2-18

Number of correctly transmitted packets after
TX-MUL-COL-OK-CNT
collisions
TX-OK-CNT Number of correctly transmitted packets
TX-PAUSE-CNT Number of transmitted flow control packets
TX-PKT-1024-CNT(1024~ Transmitted packets with the length of 1024 ~ 1518

1518) bytes (including incorrect ones)
Transmitted packets with the length of 128 ~ 255

TX-PKT-128-CNT(128~ 255)
bytes (including incorrect ones)
TX-PKT-1519-CNT(1519~ Transmitted packets with the length of 1519 ~ MAX

MAX) bytes (including incorrect ones)
Transmitted packets with the length of 256 ~ 511 bytes

TX-PKT-256-CNT(256~ 511)
Transmitted packets with the length of 512 ~ 1023

TX-PKT-512-CNT(512~ 1023)
bytes (including incorrect ones)
Transmitted packets with the length of 64 bytes

TX-PKT-64-CNT
Transmitted packets with the length of 65 ~ 127 bytes

TX-PKT-65-CNT(65~ 127)
Number of correctly transmitted packets after one

TX-SIG-COL-OK-CNT
collision
Number of correctly transmitted non-broadcast

TX-UNI-OK-CNT
packets
TX-XCOL-CNT Number of packets after more than 16 collisions
RX-BRD-OK-CNT Correctly received broadcast packets EFS0, EFS4, EGS2
RX-BYTE-OK-CNT Number of correctly received bytes
RX-CRC-CNT Received packets with CRC error
RX-LONG-CRC-CNT Ultra long packets with CRC error
RX-LONG-OK-CNT Correctly received ultra long packets
RX-MLT-OK-CNT Correctly received multicast packets
RX-OK-CNT Correctly received packets
RX-PAUSE-CNT Correctly received flow control packets
Received packets with the length of 64 bytes

RX-PKT-64-CNT
RX-SHORT-CRC-CNT Short packets with CRC error
2-19

RX-SHORT-OK-CNT Correctly received short packets (<64)
RX-TOOLONG-CNT Number of received ultra long packets
RX-UNI-OK-CNT(64~ MAX) Correctly received (64 ~ MAX) non-broadcast packets
2-20
3 Alarm Processing
A_LOC
1. Meaning
The A_LOC alarm indicates “Add to bus - loss of clock”, which is a major alarm.
Such boards as PL3, PD3, PQ1 and PQM may report this alarm.
2. Alarm causes
The GXCS/EXCS board fails;

The GXCS/EXCS board is not in position.
3. Handling procedure
Danger:
If no hot backup is performed for the XCS board, resetting/replacing this board may
interrupt the service. It is a dangerous operation.
3-1
Alarm Processing OptiX OSN 3500 MM-APE
Step Handling method
1 Reset or plug/unplug the GXCS/EXCS board and then view whether

the alarm is removed.
2 Replace the GXCS/EXCS board and then view whether the alarm is
removed.
APS_MANUAL_STOP
1. Meaning
The APS_MANUAL_STOP alarm indicates “APS manual stop”, which is a minor

alarm. The SCC board may report this alarm.
2. Alarm cause
The multiplex section protocol is stopped.

1 Start the multiplex section protocol.
ALM_E2EMPTY
1. Meaning
The ALM_E2EMPTY alarm indicates “EEPROM empty”, which is a major alarm.

Such boards as SEP1, SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4, SLQ1 and SL1 may report
this alarm.
2. Alarm cause
When an optical module with EEPROM is used, if it is found that there is no

laser parameter file in the EEPROM of the optical module after the board is
started, this alarm will be raised.
3-2
Danger:
To replace the line board, you need to keep the transmission distance of the line
board consistent with that of the original one.
1 Re-send the laser parameter and then view whether the alarm
is removed.
2 Replace the faulty board.
ALM_HANGUP
1. Meaning
The ALM_HANGUP alarm indicates “Telephone hang up for too long time”, which is
a warning. The AUX board may report this alarm.
2. Alarm cause
The orderwire phone is in an incorrect state.

1 Re-set the state of the orderwire phone.
APS_FAIL
1. Meaning
The APS_FAIL alarm indicates “APS protection switching failed”, which is a warning.
The GXCS or EXCS board may report this alarm.
2. Alarm causes
Multiplex section protection switching fails in process;

The node information of multiplex section (MS) is set incorrectly;
3-3
The node information of multiplex section is lost.

1 Check whether the MS node information of the entire network

is set correctly. After modifying the incorrect configuration,
view whether the alarm is removed.
2 Check whether the MS protocol of the entire network is

efficient. After stopping and restarting the protocol, view
whether the alarm is removed.
APS_INDI
1. Meaning
The APS_INDI alarm indicates “APS protection switching indication”, which is a

major alarm. The GXCS or EXCS board may report this alarm.
2. Alarm cause
MSP switching happens.

1 For a ring MSP network, this alarm indicates that MSP occurs.
After removing the MSP fault, view whether the alarm is
removed.
2 For a non-ring MSP network, this alarm indicates that the APS
protocol is started abnormally. Check whether the MS node
parameter is set correctly, and after modifying the incorrect
configuration, view whether the alarm is removed.
AU_AIS
1. Meaning
The AU_AIS alarm indicates “AU alarm indication”, which is a major alarm. Such
boards as EFS0, EFS4, EGS2, SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4, SLQ1, SL1, SEP1
and SPQ4 may report this alarm.
3-4
2. Alarm causes
The opposite station sends AU_AIS;

The transmitter of the opposite station fails.
The receiver of the local station fails.
Danger:
1 View whether there are any higher-level alarms, such as R_LOS,

R_LOF, B1_EXC or B2_EXC, from the NM. Handle these higher-level
alarms first and then view whether the alarm is removed.
2 Check whether the NE is in the protection switching state. After the

switching fault is removed, view whether the alarm is removed.
3 Check whether the service configuration of the NE is correct. After

modifying the incorrect configuration, view whether the alarm is
removed.
4 Use the alarm analysis and loopback methods to locate the NE where
a fault occurs.
5 Replace the alarm reporting line board of the faulty NE and then view
6 Replace the GXCS/EXCS board of the faulty NE and then view

7 Replace the line board of the opposite station and then view whether
8 Replace the GXCS/EXCS board of the opposite station and then view
4. Related information
The GXCS/EXCS board will not fail unless all VC-4s of the line board report the
AU_AIS alarm.
3-5
AU_LOP
1. Meaning
The AU_LOP alarm indicates “AU Loss of Pointer”, which is a major alarm. Such
boards as SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4, SLQ1, SL1, SEP1 and SPQ4 may report
this alarm.
2. Alarm causes

Service configuration error at the opposite station;
Excessive bit errors are received by the local station.
Danger:
1 Check whether the service configuration of the NE is correct.

After modifying the incorrect configuration, view whether the
alarm is removed.
2 Use the alarm analysis and loopback methods to locate the

NE where a fault occurs.
3 Replace the alarm reporting line board of the faulty NE and

then view whether the alarm is removed.
4 Replace the GXCS/EXCS board of the faulty NE and then

5 Replace the line board of the opposite station and then view
6 Replace the GXCS/EXCS board of the opposite station and

3-6
For the 140M service, a board reports this alarm if the service is not accessed
correctly. The 155M line board reports this alarm due to a configuration error. The
622M, 2.5G or 10G line board reports this alarm due to a timing unit fault.
B1_EXC
1. Meaning
The B1_EXC alarm indicates “Regenerator section B1 excessive bit error indication”,
which is a minor alarm. Such boards as SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4, SLQ1, SL1,
SEP1 and SPQ4 may report this alarm.
2. Alarm causes
The received signal attenuation is excessive;

The fiber end is not clean;
The connectors are connected incorrectly;
The receiver of the local station fails;
Danger:
To clean a line board or a fiber end, please use special tools.
1 View whether there are any higher-level alarms, such as R_LOS and
R_LOF, from the NM. Handle these higher-level alarms first and then
2 Check whether the received optical power of the alarming board is

normal. If the received optical power is normal, please use method 1;
otherwise, use method 2.
Method 1 (The received optical power is normal)
3-7
3 Replace the alarm reporting line board of the local station and then
4 Replace the GXCS/EXCS board of the local station and then view
Method 2 (The received optical power is abnormal)
3 Clean the fiber connector of the local station and the receiving optical
interface of the line board and then view whether the alarm is
removed.
4 Check whether the ring flange and optical attenuator of the local
station are connected correctly and whether the attenuation value of
the optical attenuator is excessive. After using the ring flange and
optical attenuator correctly, view whether the alarm is removed.
5 Check whether the transmitted optical power of the opposite station is

normal, if not, replace the line board.
6 If the transmitted optical power is normal, clean the fiber connector of

the opposite station and then view whether the alarm is removed.
7 Check whether the ring flange and optical attenuator of the opposite
8 Check whether there is any fault in the optical cable. After removing
the optical cable fault, view whether the alarm is removed.
B1_SD
1. Meaning
The B1_SD alarm indicates “Regenerator section B1 signal degraded”, which is a

minor alarm. Such boards as SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4, SLQ1, SL1, SEP1 and
SPQ4 may report this alarm.
3-8
2. Alarm causes

The fiber end is dirty or the connector is connected incorrectly;

R_LOF or B1_EXC from the NM. Handle these higher-level alarms first
and then view whether the alarm is removed.

normal. If the received optical power is normal, please use method 1;
otherwise, use method 2.
3 Clean the fiber connector of the local station and the receiving optical
interface of the line board and then view whether the alarm is removed.
5 Check whether the transmitted optical power of the opposite station is

normal, if not, replace the line board.
6 If the transmitted optical power is normal, clean the fiber connector of

the opposite station and then view whether the alarm is removed.
3-9
B2_EXC
1. Meaning
The B2_EXC alarm indicates “Indication of excessive B2 error in the multiplex

section”, which is a major alarm. Such boards as SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4,
SLQ1, SL1, SEP1 and SPQ4 may report this alarm.
2. Alarm causes

The fiber connector is connected incorrectly;
Danger:

R_LOF or B1_EXC, from the NM. Handle these higher-level alarms
first and then view whether the alarm is removed.
2 Check whether the working temperature of the equipment is too high.

After lowering the temperature, view whether the alarm is removed.
3-10
If only the B2_EXC alarm, without the B1_EXC alarm, is reported, it is usually a
board fault. Replace the faulty board.
B2_SD
1. Meaning
The B2_SD alarm indicates “Signal deterioration indication”, which is a minor alarm.
Such boards as SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4, SLQ1, SL1, SEP1 and SPQ4 may
report this alarm.
2. Alarm causes

Danger:
3-11

R_LOF or B2_EXC from the NM. Handle these higher-level alarms

B3_EXC
1. Meaning
The B3_EXC alarm indicates “High order path (B3) excessive errors”, which is a
major alarm. Such boards as SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4, SLQ1, SL1, SEP1,
SPQ4, PL3 and PD3 may report this alarm.
2. Alarm causes

Danger:
3-12

R_LOF, B1_EXC or B2_EXC, from the NM. Handle these
higher-level alarms first and then view whether the alarm is removed.

If only the B3_EXC alarm, without the B1_EXC or B2_EXC alarm, is reported, it is
usually a board fault. Replace the faulty board.
B3_SD
1. Meaning
The B3_SD alarm indicates “High order path (B3) signal degraded”, which is a minor
alarm. Such boards as SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4, SLQ1, SL1, SEP1, SPQ4,
PL3 and PD3 may report this alarm.
2. Alarm causes

3-13
Danger:

R_LOF, B1_EXC, B2_EXC or B3_EXC, from the NM. Handle these

BD_STATUS
1. Meaning
The BD_STATUS alarm indicates “Board not in position alarm”, which is a major
alarm. Such boards as EFS0, EFS4, EGS2, SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4, SLQ1,
SL1, SEP1, SCC, AUX, FAN, BP2, BPA, COA, GXCS and EXCS may report this
alarm.
2. Alarm causes
The board is not inserted;

The board socket is loose;
The mailbox fails.
3-14
1 Check whether the corresponding board is inserted.
2 Check whether the board and the backplane have good contact. After
replugging the board, view whether the alarm is removed.
3 Replace the alarm reporting board and then view whether the alarm
is removed.
4 Replace the backplane of the local station and then view whether the
alarm is removed.
If several in-position boards of an NE report this alarm, the fault may occur in the
mailbox of a certain board, which can interfere with the mailboxes of other boards.
You can pull out all the boards and then insert them again one by one until you find
the faulty one. Replace the faulty board.
BIP_EXC
1. Meaning
The BIP_EXC alarm indicates “BIP excessive errors”, which is a minor alarm. Such
boards as EFS0, EFS4, EGS2, PQ1 and PQM may report this alarm.
2. Alarm cause
The BIP2 bit errors are excessive.

1 Reset or plug/unplug the alarm reporting board and then view

is removed.
3-15
BIP_SD
1. Meaning
The BIP_SD alarm indicates “BIP signal degraded”, which is a minor alarm. Such
boards as EFS0, EFS4, EGS2, PQ1 and PQM may report this alarm.
2. Alarm cause
The BIP2 bit errors are excessive.

1 Reset or plug/unplug the alarm reporting board and then view

is removed.
BUS_ERR
1. Meaning
The BUS_ERR alarm indicates “Bus error”, which is a critical alarm. The GXCS or
EXCS board may report this alarm.
2. Alarm causes
The chip of the cross-connect board is damaged;

The backplane bus between the line board and the cross-connect board is
damaged.
Danger:
Replacing the backplane may interrupt all the services of the local station. It is a
dangerous operation.
3-16
1 Reset or plug/unplug the alarm reporting board and then view whether
2 Replace the alarm reporting board and then view whether the alarm is
removed.
3 Replace the backplane and then view whether the alarm is removed.
BUS_LOC
1. Meaning
The BUS_LOC alarm indicates “Bus dropping loss of clock”, which is a major alarm.
Such boards as PQ1, PQM, PL3 and PD3 may report this alarm.
2. Alarm causes
Service configuration error;

GXCS/EXCS board fault.
Danger:

removed.
2 Reset or plug/unplug the GXCS/EXCS board to view whether the

alarm is removed.
3 Replace the GXCS/EXCS board to view whether the alarm is

removed.
3-17
C2_PDI
1. Meaning
The C2_PDI alarm indicates “C2 byte defect indication”, which is a minor alarm.
this alarm.
2. Alarm cause
Service configuration error. The board detects that the received C2 byte is
between “0XE1” and “0XFC”.

removed.
C2_VCAIS
1. Meaning
The C2_VCAIS alarm indicates “C2 byte alarm indication”, which is a major alarm.
this alarm.
2. Alarm cause
Service configuration error. This alarm is raised when the C2 byte received by
the board is “0XFF”.

removed.
3-18
C4_R_LAISD
1. Meaning
The C4_R_LAISD alarm indicates “Dropping 140M signal AIS”, which is a major
alarm. The SPQ4 board may report this alarm.
2. Alarm cause
It is caused by a higher order alarm, such as loss of pointer, loss of

transmitted clock and transmission FIFO overflow.
1 Check whether there are any higher-level alarms from the NM.
After handling these higher-level alarms, view whether the alarm
is removed
2 Check whether the service configuration is correct. After modifying

the incorrect configuration, view whether the alarm is removed.
C4_T_LAISD
1. Meaning
The C4_T_LAISD alarm indicates “Adding 140M signal AIS”, which is a minor alarm.
The SPQ4 board may report this alarm.
2. Alarm causes
The signal of 140M input port is lost;

No 140M signal is accessed;
The cable is faulty.
1 Perform self-loop for the service of the corresponding path (hardware

inloop) at the DDF. If the alarm is removed, it is the equipment of the
opposite end that fails. After removing the fault, view whether the
alarm is removed.
3-19
2 In the self-loop operation in the previous step, if the alarm is not

removed, another self-loop (hardware inloop) is required for this path
at the interface board. If the alarm is removed, the fault lies in signal
cable connection. After removing the fault, see whether the alarm
disappears.
3 In the interface board self-loop operation in the previous step, if the

alarm is not removed, inloop setting is required for this path on the
NM. If the alarm is removed, it is the interface board that fails. After
re-plugging/re-unplugging or replacing the interface board, see
whether the alarm disappears.
4 In the inloop setting for the alarm reporting path in the previous step,
if the alarm is not removed, it is the board that fails. After replacing
the board, check whether the alarm is removed.
CLOCK_ENTER_NO_TRACE_MO
DE
1. Meaning
The CLOCK_ENTER_NO_TRACE_MODE alarm indicates “Clock entering into

non-tracing running mode”, which is a minor alarm. The GXCS or EXCS board may
report this alarm.
2. Alarm cause
The clock working mode changes from locked into holdover or free-run.
1 Usually, this alarm appears with the loss-of-clock alarm. After

removing the clock fault, the alarm is removed.
COMMUN_FAIL
1. Meaning
The COMMUN_FAIL alarm indicates “Board serial port communication failure”,

which is a major alarm. Such boards as EFS0, EFS4, EGS2, SL64, SL16, SLQ4,
SLD4, SL4, SLQ1, SL1, SPQ4, SCC, GXCS, EXCS, PQ1, PQM, PL3 and PD3 may
3-20
report this alarm.

2. Alarm cause
Board serial port communication fails.

1 If only one board reports this alarm, replace the alarm reporting
board and then view whether the alarm is removed.
2 If several boards report this alarm at the same time, pull out them
one by one and then view whether the alarm is removed. If the
alarm disappears, the fault lies in the board pulled out. Replace the
faulty board to view whether the alarm is removed.
3 If the alarm still appears after the board is replaced, replace the
board slot and check whether the alarm is removed.
COOL_CUR_OVER
1. Meaning
The COOL_CUR_OVER alarm indicates “Cooling current override”, which is a major

alarm. The COA board may report this alarm.
2. Alarm cause
EDFA module fault.

removed.
DBMS_ERROR
1. Meaning
The DBMS_ERROR alarm indicates “Database error”, which is a major alarm. The
SCC board may report this alarm.
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2. Alarm causes
The database operation fails;

The database data is damaged;
Board fault
is removed.
DBMS_PROTECT_MODE
1. Meaning
The DBMS_PROTECT_MODE alarm indicates “Database in protection mode”,

which is a critical alarm. The SCC board may report this alarm.
2. Alarm cause
The database is in protection mode.

1 Replace the alarm reporting board and then view whether the
alarm is removed.
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DOWN_E1_AIS
1. Meaning
The DOWN_E1_AIS alarm indicates “2M down signal alarm indication”, which is a
minor alarm. The PQ1 or PQM board may report this alarm.
2. Alarm cause
The 2M downling signal is all "1”s.

1 View whether there are any of the MA_AIS, AU_AIS and TU_AIS
alarms from the NM. After removing these alarms, view whether the
alarm is removed.
is removed.
3 Replace the GXCS/EXCS board and check whether the alarm is

removed.
E1_LOC
1. Meaning
The E1_LOC alarm indicates “Loss of upstream 2M clock”, which is a minor alarm.
The PQ1 or PQM board may report this alarm.
2. Alarm causes

GXCS/EXCS board fault.
1 View whether there are any of the AU_AIS, AU_LOP, TU_AIS and
TU_LOP alarms from the NM. After removing these alarms, view
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removed.
3 Replace the GXCS/EXCS board and check whether the alarm is

removed.
EXT_LOS
1. Meaning
The EXT_LOS alarm indicates “External loss of signal”, which is a minor alarm. The
SPQ4 board may report this alarm.
2. Alarm causes
Non-140M signals are input;

Board fault
1 Confirm the board and path No. where the alarm is reported.
2 Perform hardware inloop over this path on the DDF.

If the alarm disappears, the problem lies in the accessed signal.
Check whether the accessed signal is the 140M one.
If the alarm still appears, the problem may lie in the trunk cable or the
board.
3 Perform hardware inloop over this path at the interface board.

If the alarm disappears, it is the signal trunk cable fault. Check
whether the connectors of the trunk cable are in good contact and
whether the trunk cable is broken.
If the alarm still appears, the fault may lie in the interface board or the
board.
4 Perform inloop over this path on the NM.

If the alarm disappears, it is the interface board fault. Plug/unplug the
interface board again. If the alarm still appears, replace the interface
board.
After inloop is set on the NM, if the alarm does not disappear yet, the
fault may lie in the board.
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removed.
EXT_SYNC_LOS
1. Meaning
The EXT_SYNC_LOS alarm indicates “Loss of external synchronous source”, which

is a minor alarm. The GXCS or EXCS board may report this alarm.
2. Alarm cause
The physical interface signal of the external clock source is lost.

1 Check whether the equipment which provides the external clock

works efficiently.
2 Check whether the external clock cable is connected correctly and

whether the connectors are in good contact. After the correction, view
FAN_FAIL
1. Meaning
The FAN_FAIL alarm indicates “Fan failed”, which is a major alarm. The FAN board
may report this alarm.
2. Alarm causes
The fan is not turned on;

The fan fails.
1 Check whether the fan box is properly in position. Pull it out and
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insert it again.
2 Replace the faulty fan box.
FPGA_ABN
1. Meaning
The FPGA_ABN alarm indicates “Writing/Reading wrong”, which is a major alarm.

Such boards as EFS0, EFS4, EGS2, AUX, BP2, BPA, COA, PQ1, PQM, PL3, PD3,
GXCS and EXCS may report this alarm.
2. Alarm causes
The FPGA data loaded in the XILINX chip are the data in the FLASH backup
area;
No FPGA data are in the main area or the data are wrong.
HARD_BAD
1. Meaning
The HARD_BAD alarm indicates “Hardware fails”, which is a critical alarm. The
EFS0, EFS4, EGS2, SCC, GXCS or EXCS board may report this alarm.
2. Alarm cause
Hardware fault
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HP_LOM
1. Meaning
The HP_LOM alarm indicates “Higher order Path Loss of Multiframe”, which is a
major alarm. Such boards as SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4, SLQ1, SL1, SEP1 and
2. Alarm causes

The H4 byte is lost or incorrect.
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Danger:
View the alarm reporting board. If it is the line board that reports this
1 alarm, please use method 1; and if it is the tributary board that reports
this alarm, please use method 2.
Method1 (line board)
Check whether the service configuration of the NE is correct. After

2 modifying the incorrect configuration, view whether the alarm is
removed.
Check whether the signal structure of the line board is set correctly.
3
After setting it correctly, view whether the alarm is removed.
Reset/replace the alarm reporting line board of the local station and
4
Reset/replace the GXCS/EXCS board of the local station and then

5
Method2 (tributary board)
Check whether the service configuration of the NE is correct. After

2 modifying the incorrect configuration, view whether the alarm is
removed.
Check whether the internal/external timing source of the tributary board

3 is set correctly. After modifying the incorrect settings, view whether the
alarm is removed.
Reset/replace the alarm reporting tributary board of the local station

4
and then view whether the alarm is removed.
Reset/replace the GXCS/EXCS board of the local station and then

5
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HP_RDI
1. Meaning
The HP_RDI alarm indicates “Higher order path remote defect indication”, which is a
2. Alarm causes
The opposite station receives such alarms as AU_AIS and AU_LOP;

The receiver at the opposite station fails.
The transmitter of the local station fails.
1 It is an associate alarm. The corresponding path of the line board of

the opposite station reports the AU_AIS or AU_LOP alarm, and
returns an HP_RDI alarm to the local station. After removing the
AU_AIS or AU_LOP alarm, this alarm will disappear automatically.
HP_REI
1. Meaning
The HP_REI alarm indicates “Higher order path remote error indication”, which is a
warning. Such boards as SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4, SLQ1, SL1, SEP1 and
2. Alarm cause
The opposite station receives B3 bit errors.

1 It is an associate alarm. The line board of the opposite station

detects the B3 error, or reports the B1_EXC, B2_EXC or
B3_EXC alarm, and returns an HP_REI alarm to the local
station. After removing the B3 error, this alarm will disappear
automatically.
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HP_SLM
1. Meaning
The HP_SLM alarm indicates “Higher order path signal identification mismatch”,
2. Alarm causes
The signal label to be received at the local station is inconsistent with that to
be transmitted from the opposite station.
Service configuration error
Danger:
1 Check whether the C2 byte to be sent by the line board of the

opposite station is consistent with that to be received by the line
board of the local station. After making them consistent, view whether

3 Replace the line board of the local station and then view whether the
alarm is removed.
HP_TIM
1. Meaning
The HP_TIM alarm indicates “Higher order path tracking identification mismatch”,
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2. Alarm causes
The path trace byte to be received at this station is inconsistent with that to be
transmitted from the opposite station;
Danger:
1 Check whether the J1 byte to be sent by the line board of the

opposite station is consistent with that to be received by the line
board of the local station. After making them consistent, view whether

alarm is removed.
HP_UNEQ
1. Meaning
The HP_UNEQ alarm indicates “No loading error in the higher order path”, which is
a minor alarm. Such boards as SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4, SLQ1, SL1, SEP1
and SPQ4 may report this alarm.
2. Alarm cause
The C2 byte is 0.
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Danger:
1 Check whether the C2 byte is configured as 0. After the

modification, view whether the alarm is removed.
2 Replace the line board of the local station and then view whether
IN_PWR_ABN
1. Meaning
The IN_PWR_ABN alarm indicates “Input power abnormal”, which is a major alarm.
Such boards as COA, SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4, SLQ1 and SL1 may report
this alarm.
2. Alarm causes
The fiber is curved excessively.

The fiber end is not clean or the connector is connected incorrectly;
The detector or amplifying circuit fails.
1 Check whether the bending radius of the fiber is less than 6cm. Lay
the fiber once again and see whether the alarm disappears.
2 Clean the fiber connector of the local station and the receiving
optical interface of the line board and then view whether the alarm
is removed.
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3 Check whether the ring flange of the local station is connected

correctly. After using the ring flange correctly, view whether the
alarm is removed.
4 Check whether the transmitted optical power of the opposite station

is normal. If it is normal, the fault lies in the receiving module of an
optical board of the local station. Replace the optical board.
5 If the transmitted optical power is abnormal, clean the fiber

connector of the opposite station and then view whether the alarm
is removed.
6 Check whether the ring flange of the opposite station is connected

alarm is removed.
7 If the transmitted optical power of the opposite station remains

abnormal, the fault lies in the transmitting optical module of an
optical board of the opposite station. Replace the board.
IN_PWR_FAIL
1. Meaning
The IN_PWR_FAIL alarm indicates “Input power failed”, which is a critical alarm.
Such boards as BP2, BPA and COA may report this alarm.
2. Alarm causes
Fiber cut;
The detector or amplifying circuit fails.
1 Use ODTR to test whether the optical cable is broken.
is removed.
3 Check whether the ring flange of the local station is connected

alarm is removed.
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is normal. If it is normal, the fault lies in the receiving module of an
optical board of the local station. Replace the optical board.
5 If the transmitted optical power is abnormal, clean the fiber

connector of the opposite station and see whether the alarm is
removed.
6 Check whether the ring flange of the opposite station is connected

correctly. After using the ring flange correctly, see whether the
alarm is removed.
7 If the transmitted optical power of the opposite station remains

abnormal, the fault lies in the transmitting optical module of an
optical board of the opposite station. Replace the board.
IN_PWR_HIGH
1. Meaning
The IN_PWR_HIGH alarm indicates “Input power is too high”, which is a critical
alarm. The BP2 or BPA board may report this alarm.
2. Alarm cause
The input optical power is too high.

1 Add an optical attenuator to the optical path.
IN_PWR_LOW
1. Meaning
The IN_PWR_LOW alarm indicates “Input power is too low”, which is a critical alarm.
The BP2 or BPA board may report this alarm.
2. Alarm cause
The input optical power is too low.
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1 The problem usually lies in the aging of optical module. Replace the
faulty board.
J0_MM
1. Meaning
The J0_MM alarm indicates “Trace identifier mismatch”, which is a minor alarm.
Such boards as SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4, SLQ1, SL1, SEP1 and SPQ4 may
report this alarm.
2. Alarm cause
J0 byte mismatch
1 Configure the J0 of the board as “HuaWei SBS” from the NM.
K1_K2_M
1. Meaning
The K1_K2_M alarm indicates “K1K2 mismatch”, which is a minor alarm. The GXCS
or EXCS board may report this alarm.
2. Alarm causes
The received K1 and K2 bytes mismatch the transmitted ones;

Equipment fault.
1 Replace the transmitting optical board of the opposite station and

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2 Replace the optical board of the local station and then view whether
K2_M
1. Meaning
The K2_M alarm indicates “K2 mismatch”, which is a minor alarm. The GXCS or
EXCS board may report this alarm.
2. Alarm causes
The received K2 byte mismatches the transmitted one;

Equipment fault.
1 Replace the transmitting optical board of the opposite station and

2 Replace the optical board of the local station and then view
LASER_SHUT
1. Meaning
The LASER_SHUT alarm indicates “Laser shut down”, which is a major alarm. Such
boards as SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4, SLQ1 and SL1 may report this alarm.
2. Alarm cause
The user has executed the operation of laser shutdown through the NM or the
command line.
1 After removing the laser shutdown setting, this alarm will disappear
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automatically.
LOCK_CUR_FAIL
1. Meaning
The LOCK_CUR_FAIL alarm indicates “Working current lock failed”, which is a

minor alarm. Such boards as BP2, BPA and COA may report this alarm.
2. Alarm causes
EDFA module fault;

A fault occurs in the external bias current or the drive current.
1 Reset or plug/unplug the faulty board and then view whether the
alarm is removed.
LOOP_ALM
1. Meaning
The LOOP_ALM alarm indicates “Loop alm”, which is a minor alarm. Such boards
as EFS0, EFS4, EGS2, SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4, SLQ1, SL1, SEP1, SPQ4,
PQ1, PQM, PL3 and PD3 may report this alarm.
2. Alarm cause
Inloop or outloop occurs over the line board or the tributary board.
1 After removing the loopback setting, this alarm will disappear

automatically.
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LP_R_FIFO
1. Meaning
The LP_R_FIFO alarm indicates “FIFO overflow on the receiving side of the lower
order path”, which is a minor alarm. Such boards as PQ1, PQM, PL3 and PD3 may
report this alarm.
2. Alarm cause

1 Check the service configuration. After correcting the mistake, re-send

the configuration.
LP_RDI
1. Meaning
The LP_RDI alarm indicates “Lower order path remote defect indication”, which is a
minor alarm. Such boards as PQ1, PQM, PL3 and PD3 may report this alarm.
2. Alarm causes
The opposite station receives such alarms as TU_AIS and TU_LOP;

1 It is an associate alarm. The corresponding path of the line board of

the opposite station reports the TU_AIS or TU_LOP alarm, and
returns an LP_RDI alarm to the local station. After removing the
TU_AIS or TU_LOP alarm, this alarm will disappear automatically.
3-38
LP_REI
1. Meaning
The LP_REI alarm indicates “Lower order path remote error indication”, which is a
minor alarm. Such boards as PQ1, PQM, PL3 and PD3 may report this alarm.
2. Alarm cause
The lower order path at the opposite station receives bit errors.
1 It is an associate alarm. The tributary board of the opposite station

detects errors, and returns an HP_REI alarm to the local station. After
removing the errors, this alarm will disappear automatically.
LP_RFI
1. Meaning
The LP_RFI alarm indicates “Lower order path remote fault indication”, which is a
minor alarm. The PQ1 or PQM board may report this alarm.
2. Alarm cause
The receiver of the lower order path at the opposite station fails.
1 It is an associate alarm. The tributary board of the opposite station

detects errors, and returns an HP_REI alarm to the local station. After
removing the errors, this alarm will disappear automatically.
LP_SIZE_ERR
1. Meaning
The LP_SIZE_ER alarm indicates “Lower order path V5 identification mismatch”,
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which is a minor alarm. The PQ1 or PQM board may report this alarm.
2. Alarm cause
The mapping structure is incorrectly configured.

LP_SLM
1. Meaning
The LP_SLM alarm indicates “Lower order path signal identification mismatch”,
which is a minor alarm. Such boards as PQ1, PQM, PL3 and PD3 may report this
alarm.
2. Alarm causes
The lower order path signal label of the local station is not consistent with that
of the opposite station;
1 Check whether the signal label byte of the corresponding lower order
path in the tributary board of the opposite station is consistent with
that of the local station. After making the bytes consistent, view

3 Replace the tributary board of the local station and then view whether
4 Replace the tributary board of the opposite station and then view
3-40
LP_T_FIFO
1. Meaning
The LP_T_FIFO alarm indicates “FIFO overflow on the transmission side of the
lower order path”, which is a minor alarm. The PQ1 or PQM board may report this
alarm.
2. Alarm cause
The frequency deviation of the PDH input signal is excessively high.

LP_TIM
1. Meaning
The LP_TIM alarm indicates “Lower order path tracking identification mismatch”,
alarm.
2. Alarm causes
The lower order path trace identifier of the local station is inconsistent with that
of the opposite station;
1 Check whether the trace identifier of the corresponding lower order

path in the tributary board of the opposite station is consistent with
that of the local station. After making the identifiers consistent, view

the incorrect configuration, see whether the alarm is removed.
3 Replace the tributary board of the local station and then view whether
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4 Replace the tributary board of the opposite station and then view
LP_UNEQ
1. Meaning
The LP_UNEQ alarm indicates “No payload indication of the lower order path”,
alarm.
2. Alarm cause
No 2M service is accessed.
1 Check whether the service configuration is correct. After modifying the

incorrect configuration, view whether the alarm is removed.
2 Check whether the attribute configuration of the tributary board is

correct. After modifying the incorrect configuration, view whether the
alarm is removed.
LSR_COOL_ALM
1. Meaning
The LSR_COOL_ALM alarm indicates “Cooling current of the laser over threshold”,
which is a major alarm. Such boards as SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4, SLQ1 and
SL1 may report this alarm.
2. Alarm causes
A fault occurs in the cooling loop;

The ambient temperature exceeds the threshold.
3-42
1 Check whether the ambient temperature is too high. After lowering

the temperature to a proper range, view whether the alarm is
removed.
LSR_NO_FITED
1. Meaning
The LSR_NO_FITED alarm indicates “Laser is not installed”, which is a critical alarm.
Such boards as EFS0, EFS4, EGS2, SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4, SLQ1 and
2. Alarm cause
No laser is installed.
1 Check whether the ambient temperature is too high. After lowering

the temperature to a proper range, view whether the alarm is
removed.
LSR_WILL_DIE
1. Meaning
The LSR_WILL_DIE alarm indicates “Laser will be out of work”, which is a critical
alarm. Such boards as SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4, SLQ1 and SL1 may report
this alarm.
2. Alarm cause
The laser is aged.
3-43
LTI
1. Meaning
The LTI alarm indicates “Loss of synchronous source”, which is a major alarm. The
GXCS or EXCS board may report this alarm.
2. Alarm causes
Non S1 mode:
Fiber cut (The line clock is traced);
No external clock source is input (The external clock is traced);
The synchronous source is set as non-retrieve, is blocked or is set incorrectly.
S1 mode:
Fiber cut;
In the free-run mode.
The synchronous source is set incorrectly.
Danger:
1 View the clock source traced by the NE. If it is an external clock

source, use method 1; if it is a line clock source, use method 2; if it is
a tributary clock source, use method 3.
Method 1 (external clock source)
3-44
2 Check whether the output signal of the external clock device is normal
or not. After using the normal external clock device, view whether the
alarm is removed.
3 Check whether the external clock input mode is proper, and whether it
is 2MHz or 2Mbit. After correcting the input mode, view whether the
alarm is removed.
4 Check whether the external clock input impedance is proper, whether

it is 75Ω or 120Ω. After correcting the input impedance, view whether
5 Check whether the clock input cable is connected correctly. After the
6 Reset/replace the GXCS/EXCS board and then view whether the

alarm is removed.
Method 2 (line clock source)
2 View whether the corresponding line board has R_LOS alarm from
the NM. After removing the R_LOS alarm, view whether the alarm is
removed.
3 Reset/replace the line board and then view whether the alarm is
removed.

alarm is removed.
Method 3 (tributary clock source)
2 View whether the corresponding tributary path has T_ALOS alarm

from the NM. After removing the T_ALOS alarm, view whether the
alarm is removed.
3 Reset/replace the tributary board and then view whether the alarm is
removed.

alarm is removed.
The procedures of handling the LTI alarm are the same in either the S1 mode or the
non S1 mode.
3-45
MS_AIS
1. Meaning
The MS_AIS alarm indicates “Multiplex section alarm indication”, which is a major
alarm. Such boards as SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4, SLQ1, SL1, SEP1 and
2. Alarm causes
The opposite station transmits the MS-AIS signal;

The GXCS/EXCS board of the opposite station fails.
A fault occurs in the receiver of the board.
Danger:
1 View whether the corresponding line board has R_LOS or R_LOF

alarm from the NM. After removing the R_LOS or R_LOF alarm, view
2 Reset/replace the line board of the local station and then view
3 Reset/replace the line board of the opposite station and then view
4 Reset/replace the GXCS/EXCS board of the opposite station and

MS_RDI
1. Meaning
The MS_RDI alarm indicates “Multiplex section remote defect indication”, which is a
3-46
2. Alarm causes
The opposite station receives the R_LOS, R_LOF or MS_AIS signal;

Danger:
1 View whether the corresponding line board of the opposite station

has R_LOS, R_LOF or MS_AIS alarm from the NM. After removing
the R_LOS, R_LOF or MS_AIS alarm, view whether the alarm is
removed.
2 Reset/replace the line board of the local station and then view
MS_REI
1. Meaning
The MS_REI alarm indicates “Multiplex section remote error indication”, which is a
warning. Such boards as SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4, SLQ1, SL1, SEP1 and
2. Alarm cause
The opposite station receives B2 bit errors.

1 Perform self-loop over the corresponding optical board of the local

station and then view whether any new bit errors are added.
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2 If new bit errors continue to be added, the fault lies in the

transmitting module of an optical board of the local station. Replace
the optical board.
3 If no more bit errors are added, the fault lies in the receiving module
of an optical board of the opposite station. Replace the optical
board.
NE_SF_LOST
1. Meaning
The NE_SF_LOST alarm indicates “It lacks a set of host software”, which is a
warning. The SCC board may report this alarm.
2. Alarm cause
A set of NE software is needed.

1 The SCC board has two sets of NE software. Send one more set
of NE software.
NESTATE_INSTALL
1. Meaning
The NESTATE_INSTALL alarm indicates “NE state install”, which is a critical alarm.
The SCC board may report this alarm.
2. Alarm cause
The NE is under installation.

1 Correct the configuration data and send the new one.
3-48
NO_BD_SOFT
1. Meaning
The NO_BD_SOFT alarm indicates “NE state install”, which is a critical alarm. Such
boards as EFS0, EFS4, EGS2, SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4, SLQ1, SL1, SEP1,
SPQ4, AUX, BP2, BPA, COA, PQ1, PQM, PL3, PD3, GXCS and EXCS may report
this alarm.
2. Alarm cause
No software is loaded on the board.

1 Re-load the board software on the board.
NO_BD_PARA
1. Meaning
The NO_BD_PARA alarm indicates “Board parameter not configured”, which is a

critical alarm. Such boards as BP2, BPA and COA may report this alarm.
2. Alarm causes
No board parameter is set;

The set board parameter is lost.
1 View whether the configuration data of the board is in the SCC

board. If there is no data, modify the configuration data and
resend it.
2 Reset or plug/unplug the faulty board again.
3-49
OH_LOOP
1. Meaning
The OH_LOOP alarm indicates “OH loopback alarm”, which is a minor alarm. Such
this alarm.
2. Alarm cause
Loopback is set for the overhead of the line board.

1 It is a state warning. After removing the loopback setting, this alarm

will disappear automatically.
OOL
1. Meaning
The OOL alarm indicates “Phase-clock loop unlocked”, which is a major alarm. The
2. Alarm cause
For the 3R system, the line clock of the input signal is not traced and locked
by the CDR phase-locked loop.
OTH_HARD_FAIL
1. Meaning
The OTH_HARD_FAIL alarm indicates “Peer board failure”, which is a warning. The
3-50
2. Alarm cause
Peer board fault

1 It is a state warning, which should not be handled. After removing the

peer board fault, this alarm will disappear automatically.
OUT_PWR_ABN
1. Meaning
The OUT_PWR_ABN alarm indicates “Output power abnormal”, which is a critical

alarm. Such boards as BP2, BPA and COA may report this alarm.
2. Alarm causes
The EDFA module is aged;

The measuring and amplifying circuit fails;
The input optical loop fails.
P_AIS
1. Meaning
The P_AIS alarm indicates “PDH interface signal alarm indication”, which is a major
alarm. The PL3 or PD3 board may report this alarm.
2. Alarm causes
The transmission line fails;

The PDH equipment of the opposite station outputs the AIS signal.
3-51
Danger:
Loopback is set for the service path of the tributary board on the NM, and “No
loopback” should be set after the fault is removed.
1 View whether the corresponding path of the tributary board has

TU_AIS or TU_LOP alarm from the NM. After removing the TU_AIS
or TU_LOP alarm, view whether the alarm is removed.

opposite end that fails. After removing the fault, see whether the
alarm is removed.

cable connection. After removing the fault, see whether the alarm
disappears.

P_LOS
1. Meaning
The P_LOS alarm indicates “PDH interface loss of signal”, which is a major alarm.
The PL3 or PD3 board may report this alarm.
2. Alarm causes
The transmitter of the PDH equipment connected with the local station fails;
The output port of the PDH equipment connected with the local station is
3-52
disconnected or loosened;
The PDH signal input port of the local station is disconnected or loosened;
Board fault;
Interface cable fault
Danger:
Loopback is set for the service path of the tributary board on the NM, and “No
loopback” should be set after the fault is removed.


opposite end that fails. After removing the fault, see whether the
alarm is removed.

removed, another self-loop (hardware inloop) is required for this
channel at the interface board. If the alarm is removed, the fault lies
in signal cable connection. After removing the fault, see whether the
alarm disappears.

PLL_FAIL
1. Meaning
The PLL_FAIL alarm indicates “Phase Locked Loop Fail”, which is a minor alarm.
Such boards as SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4, SLQ1, SL1, SEP1, PQ1, PQM, PL3
3-53
and PD3 may report this alarm.

2. Alarm cause
The phase-locked loop of the line board fails.

Danger:
If the line board does not provide self-healing ring protection, resetting,
plugging/unplugging or replacing this board may interrupt the service. It is a
1 Reset or plug/unplug the line board and then view whether the alarm
is removed.
2 Replace the line board and then view whether the alarm is removed.
The line board provides the primary clock for the equipment. If the phase-locked
loop fails, the equipment will select a clock source higher in priority as the
synchronous source for clock source switching. In this case, the service will not be
interrupted immediately, but it is potential fault which must be removed in time.
POWER_ABNORMAL
1. Meaning
The POWER_ABNORMAL alarm indicates “Power is abnormal”, which is a major

alarm. Such boards as SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4, SLQ1, SL1, SEP1, PQ1,
PQM, PL3, PD3, GXCS and EXCS may report this alarm.
2. Alarm cause
The power module of the line board fails.

1 Replace the board and then view whether the alarm is removed.
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POWER_FAIL
1. Meaning
The POWER_FAIL alarm indicates “Power failure”, which is a major alarm. The SCC
board may report this alarm.
2. Alarm causes
The switch of the power board is not turned on;

The power board fails;
The GXCS/EXCS board fails or is not in position;
The battery voltage is too low or the battery fails.
1 Check whether the power switch of the power board is turned on

or not. After turning on the power switch, view whether the alarm
is removed.
2 Check whether the GXCS/EXCS board is in position and

whether it runs efficiently. After removing the fault in this board,
3 Check whether power output of the power board is efficient.

After replacing the faulty power board, view whether the alarm is
removed.
PS
1. Meaning
The PS alarm indicates “Protection switching happened indication”, which is a major

alarm. The PQ1 or PQM board may report this alarm.
2. Alarm cause
The cause of this alarm is:

Protection switching takes place.
3-55

R_LOF, B1_EXC or B2_EXC, from the NM. Handle these
2 Check whether the parameter of the tributary board is set correctly.

After setting it correctly, view whether the alarm is removed.
3 Replace the tributary board and then view whether the alarm is
removed.
3-56
PUM_BCM_ALM
1. Meaning
The PUM_BCM_ALM alarm indicates “Bias temperature of the pump laser over
threshold”, which is a major alarm. The BP2 or BPA board may report this alarm.
2. Alarm cause
The EDFA module of the optical amplifier board fails.

1 Replace the line board and then view whether the alarm is removed.
If the bias current of the pump laser of the optical amplifier board exceeds the
threshold, the laser may become unstable, bit errors may occur or the service may
be interrupted. When this alarm is raised, immediate troubleshooting is required.
PUM_COOL_ALARM
1. Meaning
The PUM_COOL_ALM alarm indicates “Cooling current of the pump laser over
threshold”, which is a critical alarm. The BP2 or BPA board may report this alarm.
2. Alarm cause
The EDFA module of the optical amplifier board fails.

Replace the line board and then view whether the alarm is
1
removed.
If the cooling current of the pump laser of the optical amplifier board exceeds the
threshold, the laser may become unstable, bit errors may occur or the service may
3-57
be interrupted. When this alarm is raised, immediate troubleshooting is required.
R_LOC
1. Meaning
The R_LOC alarm indicates “Receive loss of clock”, which is a critical alarm. Such
boards as SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4, SLQ1, SL1, SEP1, PQ1, PQM, PL3 and
PD3 may report this alarm.
2. Alarm causes

Danger:
If no hot backup is performed for the GXCS/EXCS board, resetting/replacing this
board may interrupt the service. It is a dangerous operation.
1 Reset or plug/unplug the GXCS/EXCS board and then view whether

removed.
R_LOF
1. Meaning
The R_LOF alarm indicates “Receive loss of frame”, which is a critical alarm. Such
this alarm.
2. Alarm causes

The signal transmitted from the opposite station has no frame structure;
The receiver of this board fails.
3-58
Danger:
1 View whether there is any higher-level R_LOS alarm from the NM.
Handle these higher-level alarms first and then view whether the
alarm is removed.

normal. If it is normal, please use method 1; if not, use method 2.
6 Replace the GXCS/EXCS board of the opposite station and then

is removed.

is normal, if not, replace the line board.
6 If the transmitted optical power is normal, clean the fiber connector

of the opposite station and then view whether the alarm is removed.
3-59
R_LOS
1. Meaning
The R_LOS alarm indicates “Receive loss of signal”, which is a critical alarm. Such
this alarm.
2. Alarm causes
Fiber cut;
The line attenuation is excessive;
The receiver of this board fails;
The transmitter of the opposite station or line transmission fails.
The GXCS/EXCS board of the opposite station fails or is not in position.
3-60
Danger:
Handling procedures in the case that the received optical power is abnormal:
is removed.


of the opposite station and then view whether the alarm is removed.
Handling procedures in the case that the received optical power is normal:
3-61

R_OOF
1. Meaning
The R_OOF alarm indicates “Receive out of frame”, which is a critical alarm. Such
this alarm.
2. Alarm causes

There are excessive bit errors during transmission.
Danger:
1 View whether there are any higher-level alarms, such as R_LOS

and R_LOF, on the NM. Handle these higher-level alarms first and

normal. If the received optical power is normal, please use method
1; if not, use method 2.
3-62

is removed.
station are connected correctly and whether the attenuation value
of the optical attenuator is excessive. After using the ring flange
and optical attenuator correctly, view whether the alarm is
removed.


of the opposite station and then view whether the alarm is
removed.
7 Check whether the ring flange and optical attenuator of the

opposite station are connected correctly and whether the
attenuation value of the optical attenuator is excessive. After using
the ring flange and optical attenuator correctly, view whether the
alarm is removed.
8 Check whether there is any fault in the optical cable. After

removing the optical cable fault, view whether the alarm is
removed.
S1_SYN_CHANGE
1. Meaning
The S1_SYN_CHANGE alarm indicates “Clock reference Source Change In

S1_Mode”, which is a major alarm. The GXCS or EXCS board may report this
alarm.
3-63
2. Alarm causes
Fiber cut;
The external BITS is broken;
This alarm occurs in the upstream station.
1 First, check whether the fiber is broken. If it is, the line board will
report an R_LOS alarm.
2 Connect the fiber and check whether all alarms have disappeared.
3 If the fiber is in good condition, check whether the external BITS is

broken.
Check whether the external clock input cable is broken;
Check whether there is anything wrong with the making of the
2M connector of the external clock input;
Check whether the 2M connector of the external clock input is
well inserted in the subrack panel;
4 If the BITS is in good condition, please check whether this alarm

occurs in the upstream station.
5 If this alarm occurs in the upstream station, handle it at the

upstream station.
SECU_ALM
1. Meaning
The SECU_ALM alarm indicates “Securing alarm”, which is a major alarm. The SCC
board may report this alarm.
2. Alarm cause
An illegal login event occurs.

1 It is a secure alarm other than an equipment fault one. After this

alarm occurs, you need to query the log and check whether the
3-64
user logged in to the NE is illegal or not.
If a wrong login password is typed in for three times or above, the NM will lock the
screen, and then no people but the administrator can unlock it.
SUBCARD_ABN
1. Meaning
The SUBCARD_ABN alarm indicates “Find the fault of sub-card”, which is a major
alarm. Such boards as EFS0, EFS4, EGS2, SPQ4, PQ1, PQM, PL3 and PD3 may
report this alarm.
2. Alarm cause
A subcard state error is detected.

Danger:
Replacing the tributary board may interrupt its service. It is a dangerous operation.
1 Replace the tributary board and query whether the alarm disappears.
SYN_BAD
1. Meaning
The SYN_BAD alarm indicates “Synchronous source deteriorated”, which is a minor

alarm. The GXCS or EXCS board may report this alarm.
2. Alarm cause
The index quality of the synchronous source traced degrades.
3-65
1 View whether there are any higher-level error alarms or performance

from the NM. Handle these higher-level alarms first and then view
2 If it is an external clock source, check whether the clock signal is

efficient.
3 Check whether the clock configuration is correct. After modifying the

SYNC_C_LOS
1. Meaning
The SYNC_C_LOS alarm indicates “Synchronous source level loss”, which is a

warning. The GXCS or EXCS board may report this alarm.
2. Alarm causes
The higher level clock source is unavailable;

Fiber cut (If the line clock source is traced).
No more external source clock is input (If the external clock source is traced).
Danger:
1 View the clock source traced by the NE. If it is an external clock

source, use method 1; if it is a line clock source, use method 2; if it is a
tributary clock source, use method 3.
Method 1 (external clock source)
3-66
2 Check whether the output signal of the external clock device is normal
or not. After using the normal external clock device, view whether the
alarm is removed.
3 Check whether the external clock input mode is proper, whether it is

2MHz or 2Mbit. After correcting the input mode, view whether the
alarm is removed.
4 Check whether the external clock input impedance is proper, whether

it is 75Ω or 120Ω. After correcting the input impedance, view whether
5 Check whether the clock input cable is connected correctly. After the

alarm is removed.
Method 2 (line clock source)
2 View whether the corresponding line board has R_LOS alarm from the
NM. After removing the R_LOS alarm, view whether the alarm is
removed.
3 Reset/replace the line board and then view whether the alarm is
removed.

alarm is removed.
Method 3 (tributary clock source)
2 View whether the corresponding tributary path has T_ALOS alarm

from the NM. After removing the T_ALOS alarm, view whether the
alarm is removed.
3 Reset/replace the tributary board and then view whether the alarm is
removed.

alarm is removed.
This alarm is reported only in non-S1 mode.
3-67
SYNC_FORCE_SWITCH
1. Meaning
The SYNC_FORCE_SWITCH alarm indicates “Board switching is forced”, which is

a major alarm. The GXCS or EXCS board may report this alarm.
2. Alarm cause
The host sends a configuration command for source selection.

1 Log in to the NE and cancel the manual/forced switching of the

cross-connect board. The alarm will disappear.
SYNC_LOCKOFF
1. Meaning
The SYNC_LOCKOFF alarm indicates “Timing Source in Priority List has been
Lockout”, which is a warning. The GXCS or EXCS board may report this alarm.
2. Alarm cause
The host sends a command for clock source locking.

1 Log in to the NE and cancel the command of clock source

locking. The alarm will disappear.
T_ALOS
1. Meaning
The T_ALOS alarm indicates “2M interface loss of analog signal”, which is a major
alarm. The PQ1 or PQM board may report this alarm.
3-68
2. Alarm causes
No 2M service is accessed;
The output port of the 2M interface on the DDF side is disconnected or
loosened;
The input port of the 2M interface at the local station is disconnected or
loosened.
Board fault;
Cable fault.

2 Perform self-loop for the service of the alarming path (hardware

opposite end that fails. After removing the fault, view whether the
alarm is removed.

cable connection. After removing the fault, view whether the alarm is
removed.

re-plugging/re-unplugging or replacing the interface board, view
T_LOSEX
1. Meaning
The T_LOSEX alarm indicates “Extended T_LOS alarm”, which is a major alarm.
Such boards as SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4, SLQ1, SL1, SEP1, SPQ4, PQ1,
PQM, PL3 and PD3 may report this alarm.
3-69
2. Alarm causes
There is no cross-connect board;

The line board is not well connected.
1 Check whether the equipment is installed with a cross-connect

board. If it is not, you need to install a cross-connect board.
2 After installing the cross-connect board, check whether the alarm

disappears.
3 If a cross-connect board is installed, check whether the line board

is well inserted.
4 Insert the line board in position and check whether the alarm
disappears.
TC_DEG
1. Meaning
The TC_DEG alarm indicates “Concatenation bit error deterioration”, which is a

major alarm. Such boards as SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4, SLQ1 and SL1 may
report this alarm.
2. Alarm causes

3-70
Danger:
If GXCS/EXCS board hot backup is not provided, resetting, plugging/unplugging or
replacing this board may interrupt the service. It is a dangerous operation.


5 If the fault lies in the opposite station, let the opposite station handle it.
TC_EXC
1. Meaning
The TC_EXC alarm indicates “Concatenation bit error exceeding the threshold”,
which is a minor alarm. Such boards as SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4, SLQ1 and
2. Alarm causes

3-71

higher-level alarms first and then view whether the alarm is
removed.
2 Check whether the working temperature of the equipment is too

high. After lowering the temperature, view whether the alarm is
removed.
5 If the fault lies in the opposite station, let the opposite station handle
it.
TC_INCAIS
1. Meaning
The TC_INCAIS alarm indicates “input alarm indication”, which is a major alarm.
Such boards as SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4, SLQ1 and SL1 may report this
alarm.
2. Alarm causes
The opposite station sends AU_AIS or AU_LOP;

The transmitter of the opposite station fails;
Danger:
3-72
Fault not in the opposite station

R_LOF, B1_EXC or B2_EXC, from the NM. Handle these higher-level
alarms first and then view whether the alarm is removed.

removed.
a fault occurs.

Fault in the opposite station
1 Check the NE of the opposite station for fault locating.
3-73
TC_LTC
1. Meaning
The TC_LTC alarm indicates “Loss of concatenation”, which is a minor alarm. Such
boards as SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4, SLQ1 and SL1 may report this alarm.
2. Alarm causes

The signal quality degrades;
The opposite station does not support TCM Option2 completely.
Danger:

2 Replace the line board of the local station and view whether the
alarm is removed.
3 Check whether the opposite station completely supports TCM

Option2.
TC_ODI
1. Meaning
The TC_ODI alarm indicates “Concatenation output defect indication”, which is a

report this alarm.
2. Alarm causes
The opposite station sends AU_AIS or AU_LOP;
3-74

Danger:
1 Check the opposite station. After the troubleshooting, check whether

the alarm disappears.
a fault occurs.

TC_OEI
1. Meaning
The TC_OEI alarm indicates “Concatenation output bit error indication”, which is a
critical alarm. Such boards as SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4, SLQ1 and SL1 may
report this alarm.
2. Alarm causes

3-75
Danger:
1 Check the opposite station. After the troubleshooting, check whether

a fault occurs.

TC_RDI
1. Meaning
The TC_RDI alarm indicates “Concatenation remote defect indication”, which is a

report this alarm.
2. Alarm causes
The opposite station sends AU_AIS;

Configuration error.
3-76

2 Check whether the opposite station completely supports TCM.
3 Check whether the opposite station fails.
TC_REI
1. Meaning
The TC_REI alarm indicates “Concatenation remote bit error indication”, which is a
critical alarm. Such boards as SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4, SLQ1 and SL1 may
report this alarm.
2. Alarm causes

Danger:
alarm is removed.
3-77
TC_TIM
1. Meaning
The TC_TIM alarm indicates “Concatenation trace bytes mismatched”, which is a

report this alarm.
2. Alarm causes

The signal quality degrades;
The configured trace bytes are inconsistent;
The opposite station does not support TCM Option2 completely.
Danger:
1 Check whether the corresponding tandem connection trace byte of

the line board of the opposite station is consistent with that of the
local station. After making them consistent, view whether the alarm is
removed.

alarm is removed.
5 Check whether the opposite station completely supports TCM

Option2.
3-78
TC_UNEQ
1. Meaning
The TC_UNEQ alarm indicates “Concatenation unequipped”, which is a major alarm.

alarm.
2. Alarm causes

Danger:

alarm is removed.
3 Check the opposite station and remove the fault.
TEM_HA
1. Meaning
The TEM_HA alarm indicates “Laser temperature is too high”, which is a minor alarm.
alarm.
2. Alarm causes
The working temperature is too high;
3-79
Laser fault;
Danger:
1 If the temperature in the equipment room is too high, lower the

temperature and then view whether the alarm disappears.
2 If the laser fails, please replace the line board and then view whether
TEM_LA
1. Meaning
The TEM_LA alarm indicates “Laser temperature is too low”, which is a major alarm.
alarm.
2. Alarm causes
The working temperature is too low;

Laser fault;
Danger:
1 If the temperature in the equipment room is too low, raise the

temperature and then view whether the alarm disappears.
3-80
2 If the laser fails, please replace the line board and then view whether the
alarm disappears.
TEMP_OVER
1. Meaning
The TEMP_OVER alarm indicates “Optical module working temperature override”,

which is a minor alarm. Such boards as FAN, BP2, BPA, COA, GXCS and EXCS
may report this alarm.
2. Alarm causes
The ambient temperature is too high;

The cooling equipment fails;
Board fault
Danger:
plugging/unplugging or replacing the BP2, BPA or COA board may interrupt the
service. It is a dangerous operation.
1 Raise the temperature in the equipment room and then view

2 Check the cooling equipment (e.g. air conditioner) in the

equipment room. If the cooling equipment is damaged, replace
it and then check whether the alarm disappears.
3 Check the board. If the board is damaged, replace it.
3-81
TPS_ALM
1. Meaning
The TPS_ALM alarm indicates “TPS alarm”, which is a minor alarm. Such boards as
SEP1, SPQ4, PQ1, PQM, PL3 and PD3 may report this alarm.
2. Alarm cause
TPS takes place.

1 Reset or plug/unplug the switched board and then view whether the
alarm disappears.
2 If the board is damaged, replace it.
TR_LOC
1. Meaning
The TR_LOC alarm indicates “Line transmit loss of clock”, which is a minor alarm.
Such boards as SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4, SLQ1, SL1, SEP1, SPQ4, PQ1,
PQM, PL3 and PD3 may report this alarm.
2. Alarm causes

Danger:
3-82
1 Reset the GXCS/EXCS board and then view whether the alarm
disappears.
2 Replace the GXCS/EXCS board that reports the alarm and then view
TF
1. Meaning
The TF alarm indicates “TRANS_FAIL”, which is a critical alarm. Such boards as

SL64, SL16, SLQ4, SLD4, SL4, SLQ1 and SL1 may report this alarm.
2. Alarm causes
The board is damaged;

The board is not in position.
Danger:
1 Reset or plug/unplug the board and then check whether the alarm
disappears.
2 Replace the board and then check whether the alarm disappears.
TU_AIS
1. Meaning
The TU_AIS alarm indicates “TU alarm indication”, which is a major alarm. Such
boards as PQ1, PQM, PL3 and PD3 may report this alarm.
3-83
2. Alarm causes

The corresponding path at the opposite station fails;
It is caused by a higher level alarm;
The cross-connect board fails.

R_LOF or HP_SLM, from the NM. Handle these higher-level alarms


removed.
4 Replace the alarm reporting tributary board and then view whether
removed.
The GXCS/EXCS board will not fail unless all VC-4s of the tributary board report the
TU_AIS alarm.
TU_LOP
1. Meaning
The TU_LOP alarm indicates “TU Loss of Pointer”, which is a major alarm. Such
boards as PQ1, PQM, PL3 and PD3 may report this alarm.
2. Alarm causes
The interface between the tributary board and the cross-connect board fails;
3-84



removed.
removed.
UP_E1_AIS
1. Meaning
The UP_E1_AIS alarm indicates “2M signal alarm indication”, which is a minor alarm.
The PQ1 or PQM board may report this alarm.
2. Alarm cause
The 2M uplink signal is all “1”s.




removed.
3-85
removed.
W_OFFLINE
1. Meaning
The W_OFFLINE alarm indicates “Offline of wrench”, which is a major alarm. The
2. Alarm causes
The ejector lever on the front panel is turned open;

The inching switch on the front panel fails.
1 View whether the inching switch on the front panel of the GXCS/
EXCS board is turned open. Reset it and then check whether the
alarm disappears.
2 The inching switch fails. Replace the front panel.
W_R_FAILURE
1. Meaning
The W_R_FAILURE alarm indicates “Reading and writing single chip register failed”,
which is a major alarm. Such boards as EFS0, EFS4, EGS2, SL64, SL16, SLQ4,
SLD4, SL4, SLQ1, SL1, BP2, BPA, COA, GXCS, EXCS, SEP1, SPQ4, PQ1, PQM,
PL3 and PD3 may report this alarm.
2. Alarm causes
Board fault;
The GXCS/EXCS board fails.
3-86
Danger:
plugging/unplugging or replacing the line board or the optical amplifier board may
disappears.
2 Replace the GXCS/EXCS board and then view whether the alarm
disappears.
WORK_CUR_OVER
1. Meaning
The WORK_CUR_OVER alarm indicates “Working current override”, which is a

minor alarm. The COA board may report this alarm.
2. Alarm cause
The EDFA module is aged.

Danger:
plugging/unplugging or replacing the COA board may interrupt the service. It is a
1 Reset or plug/unplug the COA board and then view whether the
alarm disappears.
3-87
2 Replace the COA board and then check whether the alarm
disappears.
WRG_BD_TYPE
1. Meaning
The WRG_BD_TYPE alarm indicates “Wrong inserted board type”, which is a minor
alarm. The SCC board may report this alarm.
2. Alarm causes
A wrong board is inserted;

Board configuration error
1 Check whether the board is the right one. If it is not, use a right one.
Check whether the alarm disappears.
2 Check whether the board configuration is correct. Modify the board

configuration and then check whether the alarm disappears.
3-88

Maintenance Manual-Alarm and Performance Event

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1 Generation of Alarm and Performance of SDH Service ............................

OptiX OSN 3500

Volume Alarm and Performance Event

Manual Version T2-040334-20040215-C-1.10

Product Version V100R001

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Address: Administration Building, Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.,

Bantian, Longgang District, Shenzhen, P. R. China

Postal Code: 518129

All Rights Reserved

No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any

, HUAWEI, C&C08, EAST8000, HONET, , ViewPoint, INtess, ETS, DMC,

About This Manual

Manual Volume Usage

OptiX OSN 3500 STM-64/STM-16 Intelligent

The manual has the following organization:

Provides a list of alarms with name, generation cause, and

This manual is for:

The following conventions are used throughout this publication.

Means reader be careful. The equipment is static-sensitive.

Means reader take note. Notes contain helpful suggestions or useful

Release Upgrade Description

Release Release upgrade description

1 Generation of Alarm and Performance of SDH Service

1.1 Overview of SDH Alarm and Performance 1-1

2 Alarm and Performance List

2.1 Alarm List 2-1

2.2.6 EFS0/EFS4/EGS2 Board Alarm List 2-13

1 Generation of Alarm and

This chapter introduces:

1.1 Overview of SDH Alarm and

Figure 1-1 SDH alarm signal flow

1.2 Generation and Detection of

Alarm and Performance in Signal

LOS "1" "1"

Downlink signal flow Alarm report or return

Signal transfer point Alarm termination point

1.2.1 Downlink Signal Flow

1. Frame synchronizer and regenerator section overhead processor

Regenerator section overheads related to alarms and performances that will be

1.2.2 Uplink Signal Flow

(1) Regenerator section overhead processor sets overhead bytes in

1.3 Generation of Alarm and

Performance in Signal Flow of SDH

E1-AIS All "1''s T-ALOS

E1-AIS All "1''s

Signal flow Alarm report or return

Signal transfer point Alarm termination point

As shown in the above diagram, in view of different characteristics of overhead byte

1.3.1 Downlink Signal Flow

BIP-2 error check Signal label

Figure 1-4 The structure of V5 byte

1.3.2 Uplink Signal Flow

1. Lower order path adapter (LPA) and Plesiochronous physical interface

1.3.3 Difference between 34M/140M Electrical

LP-REI LP-RDI Reserved Spare

1.4 Suppression Correlation between

AU-LOP AU-AIS HP-UNEQ HP-TIM HP-SLM

Figure 1-6 Suppression tree of main alarms

1.5 Generation and Detection of

The performance of an SDH network includes bit error performance, jitter

Figure 1-7 shows the error detection relation and location.

Figure 1-7 Error detection relation and location

Regenerat RSBBE - B1_OVER -