The author(s) then writes the bill and sign it before being filed with the Secretary

General. The bill is then calendared for first reading

The first reading consists of reading the title and author(s) and its referral to the
appropriate committee(s).

The committee then studies the bill. The committee may conduct hearings or
consultations. the Committee may introduce amendments, consolidate bills on the same
subject matter, or propose a subsitute bill.

The approved bill is submitted to the Committee on Rules or is laid on the table.

The second reading comes after the bill has been included in the Calendar of Business
by the Committee on Rules. The bill is read in its entirety. This is when sponsorship
speech, debates, and amendments take place. A vote is taken after all the debates and
amendments, after which the bill is either archived or goes through a third reading.

The bill is included in the Calendar of Bills for Third Reading. Copies of the bill are
reproduced and distributed to all the Members three days before its Third Reading.

The third reading happens when the bill goes through a final check and vote via roll call.
No amendment on the bill is allowed at this stage. A vote of the majority of the members
constituting a quorum is sufficient to pass the bill

If it’s approved, it is then sent to the other house, where it goes through the same
procedures. If not, it gets archived.

After going through three readings from both houses, the conference committee of both
houses ratifies the bill and submits it to the President for signing.

If, however, there are conflicting provisions proposed by both Houses, a Bicameral
Conference Committee is called upon to reconcile them.

The conferees are not limited to reconciling the differences in the bill but may
introduce new provisions germane to the subject matter or may report out an
entirely new bill on the subject.

The Conference Committee prepares a report to be signed by all the conferees

and the Chairman.

The Conference Committee Report is submitted for consideration/approval of

both Houses. No amendment is allowed.
Once received by the Office of the President, the bill can take one of three
routes:

1. Approved. Once it is approved by the President, it becomes a Republic

Act and takes effect 15 days after publication in the Official Gazette or at
least two national newspapers of general circulation;
2. Vetoed. If the Congress decides to override the veto, the House and the
Senate shall proceed separately to reconsider the bill or the vetoed items
of the bill. If the bill or its vetoed items is passed by a vote of two-thirds of
the Members of each House, such bill or items shall become a law.
3. Lapsed into law. A bill is said to have lapsed into law if the President fails
to act on it within 30 days after receiving the bill. It takes effect 15 days
after being publicized.