UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 1

DOCUMENTATION OF UST’S ARTWORKS THROUGH A WALKING

TOUR BROCHURE AND AUDIO GUIDE

A Research Proposal

Presented to the

Music Arts and Design Strand

In Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements of the Degree

Senior High School

University of Santo Tomas

Submitted by:

Karl Rafael R. Chaves

Lia Rezabella B. Escudero

Earl Nathaniel S. Mangune

Mary Rose J. Morano

December 2019

Page | 1
 UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Pages

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study ..3
Objectives of the Study ..5
Statement of the Problem ..5
Significance of the Study ..6
Scope and Limitations ..6
Definition of Terms ..7
Thematic Analysis ..7

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Review of Related Literature ..10
Conglomeration of UST’S Art Collection ..10
UST Museum ..10
UST Campus ..17
Technology in Tourism ..18
History of Audio Guide ..18
Effectiveness of Audio Guide ..20
Theoretical Framework ..23
Conceptual Framework ..24

CHAPTER III: THE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Methodology ..25
Research Design ..25
Research Locale ..26
Research Instrument ..26
Data Gathering Procedure ..27

BIBLIOGRAPHY ..28

Page | 2
 UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 3

Chapter I

Introduction

 Background of the Study

Art tourism is a concept that has been observed for centuries. Ever

since the advent of tourism, societies have shown their appreciation for

culture and the arts. Art tourism is a big industry for various reasons

brought about by people travelling around the globe. People travel to visit,

engage in activities such as art festivals, concerts, culinary events, explore

famous museums, among others.1

The University of Santo Tomas (UST) is 400 years old and is

considered as the country’s oldest university. Because of this, the

institution has collected various artifacts throughout the years which are

kept mainly in the oldest museum in the Philippines, The University of

Santo Tomas Museum.2 The museum is a member of the International

Council of Museums (ICOM) and University Museums and Collections

(UMAC).3 It has collections that have been kept since the 17 th century and

are grouped into the following:  visual arts, natural history, coins and

1
“Art in Tourism, Tourism in Art.” Breda University of Applied sciences - Master of Arts in Tourism Destination
Management, October 31, 2 November 22, 2019
https://www.tripzilla.ph/beautiful-universities-in-the-philippines-tour/13224.010. “Art in Tourism, Tourism in Art.”
Breda University of Applied sciences - Master of Arts in Tourism Destination Management, October 31, 2010.
Accessed November 22, 2019.http://www.tourism-master.com/2010/10/31/art-in-tourism-tourism-in-art/.
2
Robillos, Alyosha, Therese Sta, Maria, Danielle Uy, and Gabriella Salud. “Tour the Best Looking Campuses in
the Philippines - Here They Are!” Tripzilla Philippines, September 5, 2019. Accessed
3
“About UST Museum.” UST Museum. Accessed November 22, 2019. http://ustmuseum.ust.edu.ph/.

Page | 3
 UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 4

memorabilia, Oriental wares, ethnography, and religious images. The

museum has also acquired the works of Filipino masters such as

Fernando and Pablo Amorsolo, Carlos Francisco, Vicente Manansala, and

Galo Ocampo.4

Aside from a museum which serves as an archive for the

conservation of Filipino Heritage, UST is also known as an architectural

heritage site. Located in UST are many open grounds, gardens, fountains,

sculptural installations and even features declared as National Cultural

Treasures. The campus itself can be considered as an urban oasis and

historical complex.5

Artworks are among man’s most imaginative, fascinating, and often

multifaceted creations. Tools such as display labels, brochures, audio

guides, websites, and mobile applications are used by art museums to

expand engagement and understanding of artwork viewers. These

instruments are offered to aid in better realization of an artwork’s meaning

and impact. It, therefore, follows that art institutions benefit from

introducing effective tools to enhance appreciation and further develop

engagement with artwork under their care. 

4
“UST Museum of Arts & Sciences - Museums of the Philippines.” Google Sites. Accessed November 22,
2019.https://sites.google.com/site/museumsofthephilippines/directory/metro-manila/ust-museum-of-arts--
sciences.
5
Henares, Ivan. “Manila: A Walk through UST (University of Santo Tomas).” ivanhenares.com/, January 8,
2012. Accessed November 22, 2019. http://www.ivanhenares.com/2012/01/manila-walk-through-ust-university-
of.html?m=1.

Page | 4
 UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 5

Objective of the Study

This study aims to develop a brochure and audio tour guide

detailing UST’s significant and historical artworks to foster public

engagement and knowledge of visitors to its campus. The researchers aim

to determine whether these tools will enhance the appreciation and

learning experience of people who participate in art tours in UST. In

particular, this study aims to achieve the following goals:

1. To inform students and visitors about different artworks and

architecture found in the UST campus.

2. To create and produce a walking tour brochure and audio guide.

3. To help with the preservation and appreciation of artworks found in

the UST campus.

Statement of the Problem

This research strives to aid in the dissemination of information

about different artworks and architectural sites found in the UST campus.

Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following questions:

1. Why is it important for students and visitors to be informed

about artworks and artifacts in UST?

2. How can we promote the UST artworks?

3. What is the significance of the different artworks found in UST?

Page | 5
 UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 6

Significance of the Study

Students. This study will contribute to the knowledge and awareness of

students regarding artworks and architecture found in the University of

Santo Tomas.

Future Researchers. The study shall also serve as a reference for future

research that will provide more information regarding UST artworks and

effective tools which can help in disseminating this information.

Scope and Limitation

UST being one of the country’s oldest and most historic universities

is home to various works of art. Examples of art structures in the

University of Santo Tomas are the statues and paintings in the Main

Building, the Arch of the Centuries, and etc. These are visible structures

found in UST yet not all students know about their historical significance.

This research will only be focusing on the elements, history, and

significance behind different art forms in the said university. This study will

be accomplished with the help of the UST Museum and eventually

produce a walking tour brochure and audio guide.

Page | 6
 UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 7

Definition of Terms

Walking Tour Brochure – an informative paper document for advertising

which follow a template in the form of a pamphlet or leaflet. It is used for

advertising and promotional purposes.

Audio Guide – an electronic system similar to that of a music player that

allows custom guided tours. Its function is to provide detailed information

about a certain place or object to acclimate visitors. It may be

accompanied by music and be available in multiple languages and voices.

Artwork – materials prepared by artists for symbolism and public display

(ie. paintings, drawing, statues, etc.)

Thematic Analysis

Data for this study will be collected from documents from the UST

Museum and the Center for Conservation of Cultural Property, interviews

of relevant UST staff, and published work on the topic. The use of a

brochure and audio guide will allow provide a conduit between the

university and members of the student population and the general public

instead of stopping simply at viewing UST art objects and leaving people

to make uniformed assumptions. 

Page | 7
 UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 8

The question posed by this study of what impact will information

materials have on people who will use them will be answered by the data

collected. The combination of interviews and physical review of

documents and published work will bring about wider understanding of

UST’s artworks. 

Images and words will help evoke appreciation and affinity which

may not happen by simple viewing these objects and structures. The use

of a brochure will capture information in a concise, consumable form and

will assemble information in a visually pleasing presentation. The audio

guide will make information accessible in a personal way to be consumed

at one’s own preferred pace. The combination of visuals and audio will

increase art appreciation in a way that is greater than simply utilizing one

or the other. 

Each user of the brochure and audio guide will essentially

participate in a common activity of witnessing UST’s artworks but the

resulting experience will be both shared and personal.

Page | 8
UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 9

Page | 9
 UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 10

Chapter II

Review of Related Literature 

Conglomeration of UST’s Art Collection

UST Museum
1. First Level
1. Front desk
2. Information 
3. Curio Shop 
4. Main Gallery and Natural History 
5. Animals
6. Diorama 
7. Archeology 
8. Birds
9. Shells
10. Hall of the Philippine and Religious Images
1. Sto. Niño 
2. Sto. Niño de la pasion
3. Sto. Niño Almirante (19th century)
4. Niño Jesus
5. Immaculada Concepcion
6. La Piedad
7. Mother and Child
8. The Crucifixion 
9. Angels 
10. La Piedad with Urna
11. San Jose
12. Cross
13. Calvary Scene
14. Divina Pastora 
15. Mother and Child
16. Cristo atado a la columna
17. Christ head
18. Crucifixion scene
19. San Albertus Magno
20. Nuestra Señora de los Dolores
21. Señora de la Soledad de Portabaga
22. Magi or Three Kings
23. Santa Lucia 
24. San Diego Alcala

Page | 10
UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 11

25. Nuestra Selbera del Rosario

26. San Rafael 
27. Angel de San Roque 
28. Santo Rosalia 
29. San Antonio de Padua 
30. San Bartolome 
31. Cristo Resuscitado
32. San Francisco de Javier
33. Santa Ana
34. St. Dominic de Guzman
35. Crucified Christ
36. Crucified Christ with base
37. San Pio V
38. Santa Rita
39. Santa Catalina de Alejandria
40. Our Lady of Sorrows
41. San Pedro de Alcantara
42. St. Augustine 
43. Blessed Virgin Mary
44. San Jose 
45. Our Lady of Mount Carmel
46. Our Lady of Immaculate Conception
47. Madonna and child
48. St. John the beloved
49. Sta. Barbara 
50.  San Francisco Javier
51. San Nicolas de Tolentino
52. Santo Tomas de Aquino
53. Descent of the Holy spirit
54. San Francisco de Asis
55. San Jose con el Niño Jesus
56. Santiago Apostol 
57. San Diego de Alcala
58. St. Joseph with the Child Jesus
59. Divina Pastora 
60. La Santisima Trinidad
61. Cristo de la Paciencia
62. Cristo Crucificado 
63. Virgin Mary with Pedestal
64. Sagrada Familia
65. Nuestra Señora del Pilar
66. Virgen Dolorosa 
67. San Vicente Ferrer 
68. Angel of Gethsemane 

Page | 11
UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 12

69. San Antonio de Florencia 

70. San Juan Nepomuceno 
71. San Jose
72. San Juan Bautista
73. San Longino 
74. Group of praying Christian Faithful 
75. Santa Monica
76. Santa Ambrocio
77. Santo Domingo de Guzman

ii. Hall of Visual Arts

1. From Paraninfo to Museum

2. Inauguration of the First University Art
Gallery in the Philippines
3. First National Painting Contest
4. Art Gallery of 1957
5. Reviving the UST museum and
Completion of Collection’s Catalogue 
6. Art Exhibit on the occasion of the
proclamation of the Philippine Republic.
7. Conservation Laboratory
8. Buenaventura, Teodoro “Portrait of a
Woman”
9. Lorenzo, Diosdado M. “Wanchai Marine
View” 
10. Benlliure, Mariano (attrib.) Bust of Juan
Luna
11. Edades Victorio “Susan in White”
12. Locatelli, Romualdo “Portrait of a young
balinese girl” 
13. Arzeo, Juan “San Vicente Ferrer”
14. Luna, Juan Novicio (Italian Soldier)
15. Enriquez, Rafael Sr. “ Pico, El Alguacil”
16. Arzeo, Juan “ San Ciraco
Y.Compañeros Martir,
17. Unknown Artist “Nuestra Señore De La
Paloma”

18. Puruganan, Ricarte “Harvest Festival”

19. Unknown Artist “San Narciso Obispo”

Page | 12
UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 13
20. Luna, Juan Novicio “Playa De
Kamakura”
21. Unknown Artist “The Last hour of a good
man”
22. Unknown Artist “Nuestra Señora Del

Rosario

23. Buenaventura, Teodor “Portrait of Señor

D Enrique Fernandez Diaz Collantes”

24. Arzeo, Juan “ San Ramon Nonato”

25. Magsaysay (-HO), Anita “Lola”
26. Arzeo, Juan (Arceo)
27. Enriquez Rafael Sr. “El Puente De Los
Suspiros (The Bridge of Sighs), Venice”

28. Unknown Artist “The Last Hour of a

wicked man”
29. Edades, Victorio “Portrait of Dr. Jose
Rizal 
30. Lorenzo, Diosdado M.
31. Zaragoza, Miguel “Landscape II”
32. Resurreccion Hidalgo, Felix “El Estudio
Del natural”
33. Manansala, Vicente “A Mango Tree”
34. Francisco Carlos “Botong”
35. Ocampo, Galo B. “Sagrada Familia”
36. Manansala, Vicente “Sylvan Scene”
37. Manansala, Vicente “Overcast Sky”

38. Amorsolo, Fernando “Bayanihan”

39. Amorsolo, Fernando Cueto “Portrait of

Rev. Fr. Silvestre Sancho,O.P”
40. Zaragoza, Miguel “Landscape I”
41. Ocampo, Galo B. “Brown Madonna”
42. Manansala, Vicente “Brook Scene”
43. Resurreccion Hidalgo, Felix “Costas De
Normandia”
44. Amorsolo, Fernando Cueto “Portrait of
Miss Virginia Grace”.

Page | 13
 UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 14
45. Amorsolo, Fernando Cueto “Portrait of
Miss Ann Saleeby”
46. Manansala, Vicente “Pounding Rice”
47. De La Rosa, Fabian “Filipina”

b. Second Level
a. Ethnography

1. Hunting, Fishing and Agriculture

2. Gadur (Jar)
3. Brass Cup
4. Brass Container
5. Basket
6. Telescope and Binocular (XIX Century)
7. Porcelain Money of China 
8. Taels
9. Knife
10. Agriculture Knife
11. Pipe
12. Spanish coins of the galleons
13. Panalagadan
14. Pottery and Burial Vessels
15. Sarimanok 
16. Brass objects
17. Metal Crafts
18. Lime Container
19. Pre-History of the coin
20. Agricultural tool
21. Blade (Ifugao)
22. Byzantine

23. The Spanish coins minted in the

Phjlippines
24. The Coins of the commonwealth of the
Philippines 
25. Necklace (Ifugao)
26. Clothing
27. Figure
28. Wooden Boal (Ifugao)
29. Ifugao House
30. Ritual Box
31. Hagabi
32. Pouch 
33. Fire Making Material (Tingulan)

Page | 14
UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 15
34. Haklung
35. Spears (Kalinga)
36. Binangnga
37. Blades and Weapon 
b. Musical Instruments

1. Guitar
2. Agong
3. Flute
4. Clapper
5. Violin
6. Drums

c. Coins and Medal

1.

2. Spain Ferdinand V (1952)

3. Spain IV Cent Escorial (1963)
4. 2nd Exposition National for coins International medals
awards, Madrid (1951)
5. Benedict XIII Jubilee (1725)
6. Pius V1 Exile in France 21st Year (1795)
7. Innocent XIII 1st Year (1721)
8. Benedict XIV Restoration of Pantheon XVII Year 
9. Gregory XIII Jubilee
10. UST Tricentennial Commemorative Medal (1611-
1911)
11. UST 350th Founding Anniversary Commemorative
Medal (1611-1961)

12. UST Quadricentennial Commemorative Medal “Gold

Edition” (1611-2011)
13. UST Quadricentennial Commemorative Medal “Silver
Edition” (1611-2011)
14. Honor Medal
1. Cum laude
2. Summa Cum Laude
3. Magna Cum Laude
15. UST Quezon award
16. Diamond Jubilee of the Faculty of Pharmacy
17. Fiftieth Anniversary of Immaculate Concepcion
18. Cadet Corps of UST
19. Pax Romana Badge

Page | 15
UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 16
20. Paul VI Visit to the United Nations (1965)
21. Paul VI Closure Vatican Council (1966)
22. World Exposition Award Vienna  (1873)
23. International Exhibition Award Philadelphia (1876)
24. Innocent XI Peace on Earth (1679)
25. Alexander VII 6th Year (1660)
26. Alexander VII Square Inaugurated 7th Year (1662)
27. Clement X 2nd Year (1670)
28. Sixtus V 3rd Year (1586)
29. Holy Name Badge
30. Society of the Angelic Warfare
31. UST Catholic Action Blessed Imelda Award to the
Best Catechist of the Year
32. Association of Santo Tomas Virtue and Science

d. Memorabilia
1.

2. Professorial Table 
3. Silet
4. Pendant 
5. Beads of Stone and Cristal 
6. Pang- AO beads
7. Teeth Necklace
8. Panos
9. AD-Doking
10. Sil-LOT Ay An-Anib
11. Belt of shells
12. Golden Eye-lids and the lips of dead

e. Papal Chairs

1.

f. Printing Press
1. Replica of the First Philippine Printing Press
2. Copper Printing Blocks
3. Antique Spanish Armario
4. Lead on woods Printing blocks

g. Oriental Arts and Images

Page | 16
 UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 17
1. Ceramic Collection
2. Japanese Wares
3. Vietnamese Wares
4. Thai Wares
5. Early Chinese Ceramic
6. Chinese Ceramics
7. Chinese ‘Celadon’ Tradewares
8. Chinese wares
9. Chinese Blue and White wares

 UST Campus
1. Thomas Aquinas Research Complex (TARC) and Graduate
School
2. Central Laboratory Building 
3. Purchasing office Building
4. Benavides Buildings 
5. Botanical Garden
6. Beato Angelico Building 
7. Publishing House 
8. The UST-AMV College of Accountancy 
9. Multi- Storey Carpark
10. Quadricentennial Pavilion
11. Fr. Roque Ruaño, O.P Building
12. Albertus Magnus Building
13. UST hospital
14. Hospital- Clinical Division 
15. San Martin De Porres Building 
16. St. Raymund Peñafort Building
17. Santo Tomas E- Service Providers
18. Facilities Management Office

19. Main Building

20. UST Chapel (Santisimo Rosario Parish) UST Central
Seminary Building, Father’s Residence, Carillon
21. Blessed Buenaventura Garcia Paredes O.P Building
22. Domus Mariae International Residence
23. Swimming pool 
24. Grandstand Parade Ground (Open Spaces)
25. Arch of the Centuries 
26. Fountains 
27. Plaza Mayor 
28. Benavides Statue
29. Health Services
30. Counseling and Career Center
31. Rosarium

Page | 17
 UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 18
32. Museum
33. Quadricentennial Square
34. The UST-TAN-YAN-KEE Student Center
35. Miguel De Benavides Library
36. Quattromondial Monument

Technology in Tourism

History of Audio Guides

The world’s first museum audio tours was introduced by Willem

Sandburg from 1945 to 1962. At the year 1952, the audio guide was

invented. Innovators foresee the great possible convenience to the

learners brought by this invention with its unique features. The concept of

this invention was that users are able to manipulate the device for a

specific purpose 

William Sandberg, director of Stedelijik Museum in Amsterdam,

along with Loic Tallon, created the first audio tour using radio broadcast

technology in an exhibition called Vermeer: Real or Fake at year 1952.

The radio broadcast technology is a silent device given to each

visitor that provides same content all at once. Different languages are

scheduled separately from other languages because the technology is not

capable of playing multiple languages simultaneously.

In 1958 at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, a recorded

guide called “LecTour” was used for masterpieces through transmitters

Page | 18
 UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 19
under floorboards and radio receivers handed to visitors. In 1963 at the

Metropolitan Museum of Art, audio guides in the form of a tape player

attached to leather shoulder strap was given to visitors so they could

easily carry it around. However, the linear sequence of stops from these

devices became a problem, visitors would often lose track along with other

visitors. 

The second generation of audio tours provided random access to

any artwork. An example of this is the use of cellphones. Although this

solved the problem, visitors would fail to follow the storyline of the

artworks. From radio broadcast technology, tapes cellphones and other

technologies that would provide information through audio, technologies

with screens such as today’s mobile phones are being used. Not only do

smartphones provide information through audio, it also present visual texts

and pictures. The screen-based technologies help visitors not get lost and

still be within the storyline of the gallery.

PDA or Personal Digital Assistant are being used in museums.With

the existence of improved technologies, museums also provide podcasts

that are available to be downloaded and used as a tour guide in specific

museums. An example of this is the ArtMobs from MoMA group. As the

time goes by, more innovative versions of audio guide are being made. 6

6
Gasparotti, Valeria. “Beyond the Audio Tour: Challenges for Mobile Experiences in Museums .”
https://www.reinwardt.ahk.nl, August 2014.
https://www.reinwardt.ahk.nl/media/lichtingen/docs/2014/reinwardt/Thesis_Valeria_Gasparotti_August_2014_FI
NAL.pdf?fbclid=IwAR2mNxIoBIJC_UQ00tIQrCngmaacOFWcImb-su9mZ8T2VQGHHGOrFb2xGW4.

Page | 19
 UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 20

 Effectiveness of Audio Guides

A report written in 2006 by Eva Hornecker and Phil Bartie entitled

"Technology in Tourism: Handheld Guide Systems and Museum

Technologies" it is stated that travel and museum guides add up to the

experience of the visitors. After guide books and audio guides in the form

of a cassette or tape, digital guide systems is the next step for this

generation. Both versions give the same basic function —provide

information through audio, but one may offer different or more information

than the other.

According to Schwarzer (2001), visitors remember more

information from audio guides compared to just reading words next to the

artworks. It also helps people with disability to learn about the artworks,

too (eg. blind people).

Digital audio guides offers to give information for a specific content,

language or topic which makes it easier for different kind of users as if it is

personalized.

With digital audio guides, it is possible to enhance the experience

of the visitor by adding gimmicks like having a part where the artist is the

one talking about his artwork or himself.

Page | 20
 UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 21

Museum experts say that audio guides are not giving museums

more money for it is also costly because of its production and

maintenance, but they agree that it brings more information that people

need. Some people ask for audio guides in entering a museum and

people tend to stay longer when using an audio guide. 7

In 2018, an article entitled “Tonwelt: Audio guides – an essential

part of the visitor’s experience'',different advantages of having audio

guides and/or multimedia guides in museums and heritage visitor

attractions were given. It also explained the functions audio guides can

offer to both the museum and its visitors.

According to the article sounds are one of the most significant tools

in keeping the visitor’s interest into directing them throughout an

exhibition.  Multimedia content only serves as supplementary material and

should not divert the visitor’s attention from the main exhibition. The key

role of these guides is to orient its visitors allowing them to have an overall

good experience. This is achieved through exciting story-telling and

engagement with the exhibit.

7
Hornecker, Eva, and Phil Bartie. “Technology in Tourism: Handheld Guide Systems and Museum
Technologies.” pdfs.semanticscholar.org, September 2006.
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/3cbf/6b26ad6dd5f63aa149872a2baa46b98a696d.pdf.

Page | 21
 UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 22
Guides will help visitors in managing their time in order to make the

most out of the visit. It is also a means of communication which provides

an easier access to the museum.8

According to a journal written by Lynn D. Dierking and John H. Falk

Audio tours are increasingly practical and user-friendly, as both hardware

and software improved. There are several audio guide companies who

help clients create professional programs that corporate sounds, music,

and narratives. Findings suggests for many reason that such programs

are worth pursuing in informal education settings like parks, zoos,

museums, science centers. It provides evidence that auditory

communications that combine sounds and an audio-recorded narrative

can also have a positive effect on how people grasp information.

Most visitors who used the audio tour gained substantial knowledge

about the park and were more likely to understand the park’s interpretive

themes–primarily that Carlsbad Caverns is of worldwide fame because of

its large caves that contain beautiful formations, its large bat colony, and

its importance to scientific research. Audio users liked the content of the

tour. We hope that this encouraging finding will prompt more parks and

8
Main Image: Come rain or shine, the supraGuide ECO with location-based outdoor triggering guides the visitor
at the Giant’s Causeway | Photo: tonwelt. “Tonwelt: Audio Guides - an Essential Part of the Visitor Experience.”
Museums Heritage Advisor. Accessed November 22, 2019.
https://advisor.museumsandheritage.com/features/tonwelt-audio-guides-essential-part-visitor-experience/.

Page | 22
 UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 23
visitor centers to consider developing audio tours to communicate the
9
cultural and scientific value of the resources they steward.

Theoretical Framework

This section provides theories and concepts, together with their

references to relevant scholarly articles. It will help in explaining,

supporting, and understanding the study. It will also introduce and

describe the theory that explains why the research problem under the

study exists.This section will also showcase a conceptual diagram that will

further explain the theories in line with the study.

The Contextual Model of Learning, a theory developed by Falk and

Dierking was related to “museum experience” by Annina Koskiola.

It is divided into three overlapping and interconnected spheres, namely:

personal, socio-cultural, and physical. According to the Contextual Model

factors such as their own motivations, interests, and prior knowledge

influence a visitor in entering a museum. These background information

comprises the personal sphere of the model. The socio-cultural sphere

covers those visitors who arrive with a larger group, even those who arrive

alone will surely experience interaction with just even the museum
9
Dierking, Lynn, and John H Falk, eds. “The Effect of Audio Tours on Learning and Social Interaction: An
Evaluation at Carlsbad Caverns National Park.” http://illinois-online.org, October 12, 2006. http://illinois-
online.org/krassa/hdes598/Readings/Technology/Effect of audio tours on learning.pdf?
fbclid=IwAR2yP8NnqrGM97l_xanpUkQufEVKALtK--TGdRMOwKiMX80ngSmwL5JZo4E.

Page | 23
 UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 24
personnel. Lastly, is the physical sphere which is handled by the museum

staff providing a rich multisensory and participatory experience for its

visitors. This is achieved by providing alternative narratives to exhibitions

with different voices, offering auditory and tactile information, and giving

the visitors a chance to engage in activities. With the help of these 3

spheres, Annina Koskiola was able to relate the theory to the use

of mobile solutions and its ability to either enhance or hinder a visitor’s

museum experience. In the researcher’s case, it will be through the use of

multimedia content, mainly with the audio guide. 10

Conceptual Framework

10
koskiola, A. (n.d.). MOBILE SOLUTIONS AND THE MUSEUM EXPERIENCE . Retrieved November 22,
2019, from http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:729950/FULLTEXT01.pdf.

Page | 24
 UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 25

Chapter III
Research Methodology

Methods used to gather data and information needed by the

researcher are presented in this chapter. Processes done in obtaining this

will be included. This chapter will also contain the statistical tools involved

in the gathering of data

Research Design

This study is a qualitative research which determines the

information illustrating the given variables. The design serves to heighten

Page | 25
 UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 26
and expand on the research topic. This study will include methods such as

direct observation in order to evaluate and record important data. It will

also make use of the Case Study Model wherein information related to the

given variables will be investigated by means of analysis. Physical and

cultural artefacts, specifically the works of art included in the study, will be

listed and observed.

Surveys may be used to collect information from relevant groups of

people. Information to be gathered will cover awareness, understanding,

and appreciation of variables among the participating groups.

Questionnaires will be used for data collection. Interviews will be utilized to

better understand and investigate a subject’s knowledge on the topic. 

Research Locale

The study will be conducted in The Pontifical and Royal University

of Santo Tomas in Manila. The respondents of the study will be selected

Grade 11 and 12 senior high school students of UST for school year 2019-

2020.

Random sampling will be used wherein the chance of being

selected will be equal for each member of the population. This may be

done by drawing lots, an online random number generator, or by other

means.

Page | 26
 UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 27
Interviews will also be conducted among staff and employees of the UST

Museum.

Interviews were also conducted among the employees of the UST

Museum.  

Research Instruments

The researcher will use a survey questionnaire to be able to answer

the sub-problems and attain the objectives regarding the value of audio

guides to students of UST. The survey will be managed in a customary

manner. If possible, respondents will take the same test in the same

conditions so that the results will solely be based on their attitudes and not

the difference circumstances while taking the test.

The researcher will also use interviews in gathering opinions of the

staff in relation to the use of an Audio Guide. The interview questions are

open-ended questions so that in-depth information is collected. 

Data-Gathering Procedure

The first step is to make survey questions regarding the use of

audio guides and questions for a 1 on 1 interview. This will then be

checked and be approved by the subject teacher to confirm its suitability.

Page | 27
 UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 28
The researchers will then conduct a survey among selected Grade 11 and

12 senior high students of UST and interviews of UST Museum staff

regarding the effectiveness of using an audio guide. 

Bibliography
“Art in Tourism, Tourism in Art.” Breda University of Applied sciences -
Master of Arts in Tourism Destination Management, October 31, 2010.
“Art in Tourism, Tourism in Art.” Breda University of Applied sciences -
Master of Arts in Tourism Destination Management, October 31, 2010.
Accessed November 22, 2019.http://www.tourism-
master.com/2010/10/31/art-in-tourism-tourism-in-art/.

Robillos, Alyosha, Therese Sta, Maria, Danielle Uy, and Gabriella Salud.
“Tour the Best Looking Campuses in the Philippines - Here They Are!”
Tripzilla Philippines, September 5, 2019.  Accessed November 22, 2019
https://www.tripzilla.ph/beautiful-universities-in-the-philippines-tour/13224.

“About UST Museum.” UST Museum. Accessed November 22, 2019.

http://ustmuseum.ust.edu.ph/.

“UST Museum of Arts & Sciences - Museums of the Philippines.” Google

Sites. Accessed November 22,

Page | 28
 UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 29
2019.https://sites.google.com/site/museumsofthephilippines/directory/metr
o-manila/ust-museum-of-arts--sciences.

Henares, Ivan. “Manila: A Walk through UST (University of Santo

Tomas).” ivanhenares.com/, January 8, 2012. Accessed November 22,
2019. http://www.ivanhenares.com/2012/01/manila-walk-through-ust-
university-of.html?m=1.

“UST Museum of Arts and Sciences.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation,

August 4, 2017. Accessed November 22, 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UST_Museum_of_Arts_and_Sciences.

Gasparotti, Valeria. “Beyond the Audio Tour: Challenges for Mobile

Experiences in Museums .” https://www.reinwardt.ahk.nl. Accessed
November 22, 2019.
https://www.reinwardt.ahk.nl/media/lichtingen/docs/2014/reinwardt/Thesis
_Valeria_Gasparotti_August_2014_FINAL.pdf?
fbclid=IwAR2mNxIoBIJC_UQ00tIQrCngmaacOFWcImb-
su9mZ8T2VQGHHGOrFb2xGW4.

Hornecker, Eva, and Phil Bartie. “Technology in Tourism: Handheld Guide

Systems and Museum Technologies.” pdfs.semanticscholar.org,
September 2006.
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/3cbf/6b26ad6dd5f63aa149872a2baa46b9
8a696d.pdf.

Page | 29
UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 30

Page | 30