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Evaluation of ASME Section XI Reference Level Sensitivity For Initiation of Ultrasonic Inspection Examination PDF
Evaluation of ASME Section XI Reference Level Sensitivity For Initiation of Ultrasonic Inspection Examination PDF
NUREG/CR-1957
PNL-3692
Prepared for
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory
Commission
NOTICE
Available from
GPO Sales Program
Division of Technical Information and Document Control
U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Washington, D. C. 20555
Printed copy price: $L.OO
and
National Technical Informat i on Service ..
Springfield, Virginia 22161
3 3679 00059 6553
NUREG/CR-1957
PNL-3692
Prepared by
T. T. Taylor, G. P. Selby
Prepared for
Division of Engineering
Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Washington, D.C. 20555
NRC FIN 82157
ABSTRACT
;i ;
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
I. INTRODUCTION 1
II. PROGRAM OBJECTIVE 2
I I I. TECHNICAL APPROACH 3
IV. PROCEDURE AND RESULTS 4
v. DISCUSSION 6
VI. CONCLUSIONS 18
APPENDIX I I -1
APPENDIX I I II -1
APPENDIX I I I I I I -1
v
LIST OF FIGURES
KEY WORDS:
Evaluation: As used in Section XI Editions of ASME Boiler and Pressure
Vessel Code refers to the "sizing 11 indications with respect
to acceptance and rejection standards specified by Section
XI.
Recording: As used in Section XI Editions of ASME Boiler and Pressure
Vessel Code, recording an indication simply denotes the
presence of the indications. Disposition of the flaw in
terms of acceptance or rejection is not required.
vii
LIST OF TABLES
v; i;
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ix
EVALUATION OF ASME SECTION XI
REFERENCE LEVEL SENSITIVITY FOR
INITL~T!ON OF ULTRASONIC INDICATION EVALUATION
I. INTRODUCTION
A recent state-of-practice survey(l) indicates that there is considerable
difference in opinion over the amplitude of reference level{ 2 ) at which
indications from an ultrasonic test should be recorded and evaluated dur-
ing inservice weld examinations.
The 1974 Edition through Summer 1975 Addenda of Section XI of ASME Boiler
and Pressure Vessel Code( 3 ) for ultrasonic examination of nuclear power
plant piping welds states:
After the 20% reference level criteria became effective, the nuclear
industry determined that many of the reflectors that exceeded the 20%
reference level resulted from geometric reflectors such as weld root,
counter bore and weld crown areas. Recording these 11 nonre1evant 11
In response to requests from the nuclear inclustry for relief from the
20% reference level criteria, the NRC develc,ped the following criteria: (S)
41977 Edition through Summer 1978 Addenda Section XI, ASME Boiler and
Pressure Vessel Code.
5rhis position is referenced in the Safety Evaluations of Inservice In-
spection Programs for St. lucie Unit 1, Prairie Island Units 1 and 2,
Turkey Point 4, and Palasides.
-2-
minimum Code unacceptable flaws as defined by Tables IWB-3514-2 and -3
of the 1977 Edition of Section XI, including addenda through Summer
lWS.
The aspect ratios chosen were 0.05, 0.25, and 0.5. The 0.5 aspect ratio
was chosen because flaws of that shape (semicircular) are the smallest,
and presumably therefore the most difficult to detect of all the reject-
able flaws. The other two aspect ratios, 0.05 and 0.25, are more repre-
sentative of actual cracks grown in reactor piping, both inservice and
under laboratory conditions. The shapes of all these slots are segments
of circles; that is, the part of a circle that is cut off by the con-
struction of a chord.
TABLE I
Piping Used for Test Samples
Nominal Nominal
Diameter Thickness Material
20'' Sch. 80/1.033 inch Stainless
20 11 ~h. 8Wl.003 inch Ferri tic
-3-
TABLE I
(continued)
Piping Types Used for Test Samples
Nomina 1 Nominal
Diameter Thickness Material
12" Sch. 80/0.688 inch Stainless
4" Sch. 80/0.344 inch Ferritic
Each pipe section used in this experiment contained nine EDM slots of
minimum Code-rejectable size, representing all combinations of the
selected flaw aspect ratios and orientations. The slots were all fabri-
cated on the inside pipe surface, oriented parallel to the pipe circum-
ference. In addition, each pipe section contained Code calibration
reflectors. A typical pipe section is shohn in Appendix I. page I-1.
·4·
The inspection system(?) was calibrated as required by Appendix III of
the 1977 Edition through Summer 1978 Addenda of Section XI. (8 ) The
peak amplitude of reflection from each flaw was measured in decibels
(dB) and recorded. Peak amplitudes were then calculated relative to
the reference level established by calibration. The transducers used
in this program were:
The measurements outlined above were made at 1/2 Vee and 3/2 Vee paths
using 45° inspection beam angles and l/2 Vee using 60° inspection angle.
Since each flaw was inspected from both sides and some flaws were angled,
a {+) was used to indicate inspection from the obtuse side and a (-) was
used to indicate inspection from the acute side. This convention is
shown in Figure 1 (page 6).
The results of the measurements made from this program are given in
graphic form in Appendix III, pages III-1 through III-31.
-5-
\
\
+ INSPECTION \
\
ANGLE a
DENOTE BY +FROM OBTOSE
SIDE OF ANGLE FLAW
V. DISCUSSION
-6-
•
TABLE II
Number of Number of
Flaws Pro- Flaws Pro- Total
Inspection duci ng Re- ducing Measure-
Angle I cordable Evaluation ments
Pipe Diameter Beam Path Response Response Made
20 11 Sch. 80 45'1112V 17 0 l 08
304 Stainless 45"1312V Sound attenu-
Steel ated; no flaw
response.
60'1112V 10 0 108
-7-
or equal to reference level to be evaluated, only 26% of the flaws exam-
ined would be evaluated in terms of acceptance or rejection. Approxi-
mately 64%( 9} of the inspections produced a response greater than 50% of
the reference level. Since the 1977 Edition of Section XI requires
flaws producing a response 50% of the reference level to be recorded,
64% of the flaws inspected would have been recorded. At this point it
must be noted that according to the 1977 Edition Section XI even though
a flaw produces a response large enough to be recorded (e.g., 50% refer-
ence level), only those flaws producing a response greater than or equal
to the reference level (e.g., 100% reference level) are evaluated. Less
than a third of the rejectable defects in this study produced such a re-
sponse requiring evaluation. In addition, pipe cracks similar in size
will likely produce lower amplitude responses due to their roughness,
tightness, and possibly their location (on counterbore, on far side of
weld with one-sided access, etc.). Table III {page 9) summarizes measure-
ment results using a 20% reference level evaluation criteria. The results
shown in Table III are not surprising; increasing inspection sensitivity
increases the assurance of flaw detection.
One final observation of Tables II and III is that the results show, as
one would expect, the ability to detect flaws in carbon steel is much
higher (roughly 2 to 1) than stainless steel. This is especially true
of thick walled stainless steel piping. T~e data in Tables II and III
also show that increasing pipe wall thickne·ss seems to have a negative
effect on reflection amplitudes. The 4-inch pipe data show very little
amplitude change as a function of flaw angle, while the 20-inch pipe
data fluctuated considerably. This is attributed to two effects. First,
the flaws in the 4-inch pipe are about 0.6 A through-wall, where A repre-
sents the acoustic wavelength; and the 20-inch pipe flaws are about 1.9 A
through-wall. The greater through-wall dimension causes the reflected
beam to be more directional. Since the reflected beam in a thick wall
-8-
TABLE III
Number of Number of
Flaws Pro- Flaws Pro- Total
Inspection ducing Re- ducing Measure-
Angle I cordable Evaluation ments
Pipe Diameter Beam Path Response Response Made
-9-
has farther to travel to reach the surface. Clearly, if the reflected
beam is more directional and does not retrace the path of the incident
beam, then the farther it travels the greater the separation between
insertion and emergence points. For the 4-·inch pipe, the reflected
beam does not travel far enough to deviate much from the incident beam
path. When it reaches the surface, the reflected beam illuminates an
area that is at least partially but probably mostly covered by the trans-
ducer. For the 20-inch pipe, the more directional reflected beam travels
farther and deviates more from the incident beam path. Therefore, the
reflected beam may illuminate an area of the pipe surface that may be
far from the search unit, resulting in lowe!· amplitude and more variation
of amplitude with varying flaw angle. This concept is shown graphically
in Figure 2 (page 11).
Analysis of the data in Appendix III also s1ows that differences in per-
formance can be expected between different inspection systems. The data
produced by this program show a clear trend between Instrument A and
Instrument B. In nearly all inspections, I1strument A shows less vari-
ation in response to angled flaws than Instrument B. To understand this
trend requires, the authors believe, knowledge of the inspection fre-
quency of each inspection system (i.e., pulser/transducer output) and
the receiver bandpass. Figure 3 (page 12) shows the frequency spectrum
produced by the reflection of ultrasound frJm a .l-inch vertical notch
in .6-inch stainless steel test specimen using the same .5-inch diameter
search unit, cable, 45° shoe, and coupling using both instruments. The
beam path is 1/2 Vee. Figures 4 and 5 (page 13 and 14) show the frequency
-10-
'tRANSDUCER
TRANSDUCER
Figure 2.
-11-
INSTRUMENT 8
PEAK FREQUENCY 2.4 MHz
-6 db BANDWIDTH" 1.7 MHz/3.0 MHz
INSTRUMENT A
PEAK FREQUENCY 2.0 MHz
-6 db BANDWIDTH •1.6 MHz/2.5 MHz
-12-
• .. •
1. f)
8.9
~
.......
0
0
(/)
8.8
8. 7 +
r\
I .
........
. . . 8.6
I]_ 8.5
I\
X I \
'""8.4
I \
I
_,
w
I
uc 8. 3 + I \ "
~
.~a.
(/)
2
a. 1 r
+
I
8.8 J
<: io: ,,.. · -F
~-·=r:=·•
- I I I I 1
-15-
The measurements were performed by establishi ng a distance amplitude
correction (DAC) curve for the side-drilled holes and measuring the
notch response relative to the DAC curve. Measured results for 45°
shear waves--the principal angle used for piping inspection--are shown
in Figure 6. The notches produce higher refl ected amplitudes than the
side-drilled holes. A calibration performed using the notches (1977
Code) will, therefore, provide a less sensiti ve inspection than the
side-drilled hole calibration (1974 Code). The reduction in inspection
sensitivity is dependent on pipe wall thickness ranging from -6 dB (a
factor of 2) at 0.4 inch to -16 dB (a factor of 6.3) at a wall thick-
ness of 2.4 inches. The error bars on the measured curve of Figure 6
are the~ 2a error bars for the measurements (a= 2 dB).
For 60° shear wave inspection, there was not a statistically significant
difference between the side-drilled hole and the notch calibration sen-
sitivities although the response from the side-drilled hole calibration
was quantitatively slightly less sensitive. This difference between the
-16-
•
-2 0.9
en
"C:J
:I: :I:
u u
5z -6 0.5 5z
:I:
0
I
-
: I:
0
(I')
(I')
0.32
I
_,
"'-J
I
LJ.I
u
z
-10
-~
0
u..J ~
~
u..J u..J
U- 0
-
U-
0
-14 0. 20 ::::>
.....
-
_ .J
u..J 0...
(I')
z :E
0
0... -18 0.15 <(
(I')
u..J
~
-20 l- _j_
-i 0.10
Figure 6. Measured and Theoretical Reduction in Ultrasonic Piping Inspection Sensitivity of the
1977 Edition of the ASME Code, Section XI (Notch), as compared to the 1974 Edition
(Side Drilled Holes. SOH).
45° and 60° shear wave inspection results from mode conversion at the
&
notch reflector. Reflection from the side-drilled hole is always at
normal incidence and no mode conversion takes place. For a notch or
right angle reflector, two reflections occur: one at the incident and
one at the complementary angle since sound is reflected from the back
surface and the notch surface. At 45° , both reflections are above the
critical angle for longitudinal mode conversion and the sound is totally
reflected. However, at 60° incidence, the complementary angle is 30° ,
which is below the angle of total reflection. At 30° only approximately
15% of the energy is reflected as a shear wave with the remainder being
mode converted to a longitudinal wave, which exists at a different loca-
tion and does not return to the search unit.
VI. CONCLUSIONS
The two major parameters in establishing inspection sensitivity are the
calibration standard and the criteria required for flaw evaluation.
Currently, inspection sensitivity is established by the ASME Boiler and
Pressure Vessel Code Section XI, Rules for Inservice Inspection of
11
Nuclear Power Plant Components ... Unfortunately, there are two applic-
able editions/addenda of this Code in effect; namely, the 1974 Edition
through Summer 1975 Addenda and the 1977 Edition through Summer 1978
Addenda.
Major changes in the 1977 Code include reduc:ion of the inspection volume
to the lower one-third of the pipe thickness, introduction of allowable
flaw size tables (IWB-3514) and the use of notches as opposed to side
drilled holes as calibration reflectors. Reduction of the inspection
volume reduces the number of geometric indications (from the weld crown)
which must be recorded, while maintaining coverage of the area where
inservice flaws will most likely occur. The data generated in this pro-
gram show, however, that the change in calibration reflectors and evalu-
ation criteria between the 1974 and 1977 Editions of Section XI signi f i-
cantly decreases inspection sensitivity. The authors believe that a
notch reflector is more appropriate as a calibration reflector than a
-18-
side drilled hole because it more closely approximates the physics of
sound reflection from surface connected cracks than a side drilled hole.
However, the authors believe this study shows that the 100% reference
level criteria required by the 1977 Edition of Section XI is not ade-
quate to detect the minimum rejectable flaws referenced by said Code.
13 The data produced by this program allow one to vary calibration reflec-
tors (i.e., short flaw or long flaw and angle) and evaluation criteria
and then calculate the percentage of flaws that would be detected.
-19-
APPENDIX I
12 INCH DIAMETER TEST SAMPLE TYPICAL OF ALL PIPE SECTIONS
\
q_ EDM SLOT
(FLAW #2)
I-1
APPENDIX I
(continued)
~-------------------12.0--------·--------------~
I I II
uw Bw RAW~tu
I I
I I
LJ c
FLAW 11 FLAW 12 l
I
I
I LJ
I
I
I
I
I
I I I I
I
I
I
I
I
'
I
I
I
I
I
I
I I I
I
' I
~ FLAW #1 ~ FLAW 12 A r:LAW 12 I
I I
oo < 'I 15° < ' y 25° <
' I I
I I
I
'
I I I '
' I'
I
I
I
I I I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I ' I I
__-;, I I I
I I <
63M I
I
I '
I
I ' I I
I
I I
I
I . I I
I oo <
FLAW #3 i
I
I
· FLAW 13 ~
! 15° <
I I
·FLAW #3
!25° <
1 I
I
I
I
I
I I
I I
I I I I I
I I ' I I
I
I
I
I
I
' I I ' I I
I I
!
: I i I
i I
I" I I
! ' I I
~ I I
! I I
' I I
I I
1-- 1112 ~
6
1/~IM~
3.75 5 12
.
~
Ul
l.MlJ 1/4-1 ~ 1 1/2 --t
I-2
APPENDIX I
(continued)
q_
SECTION A-A
EDM SLOT
TYPICAL OF ALL
0° ANGLE FLAWS
SCALE 5:1
.
I SECTION B-B
•
I EDM SLOT
TYPICAL OF ALL
15° ANGLE FLAWS
SCALE 5:1
I SECTION C-C
I
EDM SLOT
I TYPICAL OF All
250 ANGLE FLAWS
SCALE 5:1
I-3
APPENDIX I
(continued)
NOTES:
(l) DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES
(2) DEBURR AND BREAK ALL SHARP EDGES
(3) I D AND OD SURFACES TO BE FREE OF TOCl.. MARKS
(4) MATERIAL FOR BLOCK MUST BE FREE OF:
FLAW 11
FLAW DIMENSIONS
FLAW #2
D 0.081 0.084 0.089
R 0.200 0.196 0.190
I-4
APPENDIX II
l. of
.~ Loc.o~oonol
115
"ole From
Contect s..,rtec:e Ottern'I•Mef
From tM TaOit let ow-
~---------------=~-----w-h•_··_~_~j0-15-·_•./_hj__l
iii'
L • •.,.m o' biodl: dlterm.,... b¥ tM.,.. of~""'' Mel.,_ v-oem uMd
T• ttue..,_ ol bl-= c.htw•tMWt aMXII. , ... ~ biiOwf
-p-
0. OIOtft Of ~I«J ,.O't f... ta014J bt'owt
c..,._ hole,,.. tete .,........
--
d• ol ~!led
- -
r • nGfftNW orodUc't:IOft "'""... ctt~
NOTES
Il-l
T-535 ANGLE BEAM TECHNIQUE
T-535.1 Calibration of Equipment
(a) Frequency- The nominal frequency shall be 2.25 MHz unless vari-
ables such as production material grain structure require the use of
other frequencies to assure adequate penetration.
(b) Beam Angle - The beam angle in the production material shall be i n
the range of 40 to 75 deg., inclusive, with respect to the perpendicular
to the entry surface.
(d) Transfer Method - Transfer methods are used to correlate the re-
sponses from the basic calibration block and from the component. Trans-
fer is accomplished by noting the difference between responses received
II-2
from the same reference reflector in the basic calibration block and in
the component and correcting for the difference.
(1) Vessels- The transfer method shall be used at least once for
each 10ft (3048 mm) of weld or less per plate and shall be performed at
least twice for each type of welded joint.
10
For tn1cknen 1 tn, or ltu
-----, --------
--........ __ _
10 14
1
E19ntht of a V-peth
II-3
III-3230 ANGLE BEAM CALIBRATION
(a) Obtain the angle beam paths required in III-4420 and III-4430 on the
sweep display. Variables such as weld preparation, weld crown width, or
physical interference may preclude half-V examination of the weld root as
shown in Fig. III-3230-1. If these variables are such that the dimension
A on Fig. III-3230 is greater than:
(b) Position the search unit for maximum response from the notch on the
opposite side of the calibration standard; t1en position the search unit
to obtain the metal path determined in (a) a)ove. Adjust the sweep con-
trol to display the indications from the notch at convenient intervals
on the sweep range. Mark the indication locations on the screen and
record them on the calibration data sheet.
i
T
II-4
(c) Sensitivity levels shall be established using the notch and shall be
applicable to that region of the calibrated sweep length providing com-
plete examination of the weld and heat affected zone (HAZ). To establish
calibration, maximize the signal amplitude from the first notch included
in the examination region of the sweep to 80% of full screen height (FSH).
Without changing the gain control, determine the peak indication ampli-
tudes from the remaining points in the examination region and construct a
distance-amplitude correction (DAC) curve. This curve shall be the~
mary reference level.
(d) Where the examination technique is limited to the l/2 V path, side
drilled holes shall be used to obtain the slope and shape of the DAC
curve. A minimum of two holes, each of the same diameter, located at
l/4t and 3/4t, shall be placed in the end surfaces of the calibration
standard. The holes shall be parallel to the length axis of the pipe
calibration standard and generally conform to the arrangement shown in
Fig. III-3230-2 (in course of preparation). The minimum hole length
shall be l-l/2 in. (38 mm). Calibration shall be accomplished by con-
structing a DAC curve from the side drilled holes so that the maximum
amplitude point is at 80% (FSH). Once the shape and slope are determined
and marked on the screen, the curve shall be extrapolated l/4t to cover
the full examination thickness. Next, establish the sensitivity from the
inside diameter (I.D.) surface notches by setting the indication ampli-
tude at the level of the DAC curve.
II-5
APPENDIX III
III-1
4 DIAMETER CARBON STEEL
11
0
SHORT FLAW
-5
~- ------- ----
f--------
50% REF. LEVEL -6dB
ASPECT RATIO = 0.5
f - . - - - - -' - - - - - -
-10 f-
20% REF. LEVEL
-14 dB
f-.----- t-------
ov -
-5 t-- _ _ _ _ ~% REI:_ LEVEL__
MEDIUM FLAW
ASPECT RATIO = 0.25
-10 r-
- _ _ _ _ _ lO~E£.:_L~L- _
5
dB 0
1 ----
r-- -----------.---- ----::...---·
-25 -15 0 15 25
FLAW ANGLE
----- INSTRUMENT A
- - INSTRUMENT B
III-2
4 DIAMETER CARBON STEEL
11
TRANSDUCER = .5 DIA.
11
0 SHORT FLAW
ASPECT RATIO = 0.5
50%
-5 - --------
- ....L:
~
-10
I
-5 =----- j_- _20!._ - - MEDIUM FLAW
I ASPECT RATIO = 0.25
-10 -
- - - - - - - -20%
---
dB 0
5
v ~
f-.
-5
f------ - -50%
--- LONG FLAW
ASPECT RATIO = 0.05
-10 t-
1--- - - - - -20%
---
-25 -15 0 15 25
FLAW ANGLE
----- INSTRUMENT A
- - INSTRUMENT B
III-3
4 DIAMETER CARBON STEEL
11
5 ...-------------,
0 1--------+------;
SHORT FLAW
-5
I
--- ----- ----...L. ___________
50'Yo _ ASPECT RATIO = 0.5
-10 .I
- - - ! - --
- - ...___ 20'ro- -
0
-----
-5
-----r---- MEDIUM FLAW
ASPECT RATIO = 0.25
1
-10 I
20%
5 -- ______ _
......
dB 0
-5 LONG FLAW
ASPECT RATIO = 0.05
-10
-25 -15 0 15 25
FLAW ANGLE
INSTRUMENT A
- - INSTRUMENT B
II I-4
4" DIAMETER CARBON STEEL
TRANSDUCER= . 5" DIA.
BEAM ANGLE = 45°
3/2 V BEAM PATH
5 ~----------------------
-10 f-
20%
f----------.--
5
-5 MEDIUM FLAW
ASPECT RATIO = 0.25
-10
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _20'ro _
dB 0
-25 -15 0 15 25
FLAW ANGLE
INSTRUMENT A
- - INSTRUMENT B
I 11-5
4 DIAMETER CARBON STEEL
11
5.---------~----------~
SHORT FLAW
-------- ASPECT RATIO = 0.5
-5
-10
----r-_ !
I
I
_2Q'r~
20%
5 .-----------:-----------=-
-- ----------1I
-5
-10
-----, I
I
I 50%
---- ·
20%- -
--
MEDIUM FLAW
ASPECT RATIO = 0.25
5 .,.,...,.,..._____ !
,,. -~-----
1
I
dB 0
I II-6
4" DIAMETER CARBON STEEL
TRANSDUCER = .5" DIA.
BEAM ANGLE = 60°
1/2 V BEAM PATH
5.----------------,
SHORT FLAW
ASPECT RATIO = 0.5
-5
-10
20%
5
+6dB +7dB
--- Inst. A
~
+5dB I ---
---
___.I --
~.,., ....
dB 0
v
-5 50% LONG FLAW
,__ ..---- - - - ~-----
ASPECT RATIO = 0.05
-10
20%
f - - - - - -1 - - - - - -
-25 -15 0 15 25
FLAW ANGLE
INSTRUMENT A
- - INSTRUMENT B
III-7
12 DIAMETER 304 SIS
11
dB .------------------.
0 ~---~~--~~------~
I.
- - __ .I _ _ _50~c---
-5 SHORT FLAW
1
ASPECT RATIO = 0.5
I
-5
-10
-----,---- I
1
5o% MEDIUM FLAW
ASPECT RATIO = 0.25
II 20%
dB
-5
_// 50%
I LONG FLAW
" -------- --- ASPECT RATIO = 0.05
-10
I
I
i 20%
------....L..----
1
-25 -15 0 15 25
FLAW ANGLE
INSTRUMENT A
III-8 - - INSTRUMENT B
12" DIAMETER 304 SIS
TRANSDUCER = .5" DIA.
BEAM ANGLE = 45°
l/2 V BEAM PATH •
SHORT FLAW
0
-- ASPECT RATIO = 0.5
--r.--
I
-5 l 50%
-10 20%
- - - - -.- ----
dB 0
-5 LONG FLAW
ASPECT RATIO = 0.05
-10
___ ___
20% _ ___._
-25 -15 0 15 25
FLAW ANGLE
INSTRUMENT A
- - INSTRUMENT B
111-9
12., DIAMETER 304 SIS
TRANSDUCER= 1 DIA.
11
0
SHORT FLAW
ASPECT RATIO = 0.5
-5 50%
-10
----+--2Q!__
5
0
50%
... .. ... ,
/ MEDIUMFLAW
-5 '' ASPECT RATIO = 0.25
.,.,--,--
/
/
I '---
''
'
-10
5
____ L_ 20% _ _
dB 0
- -20%- -
-25 -15 0 15 25
FLAW ANGLE
INSTRUMENT A
III-10 INSTRUMENT B
12 DIAMETER 304 SIS
11
5...-------r-------
-5 SHORT FLAW
ASPECT RATIO = 0.5
-10
- - - - - r 20%
----
5 ...--------------------~
-5 MEDIUM FLAW
ASPECT RATIO = 0.25
-10
20%
LONG FLAW
ASPECT RATIO = 0.05
-25 -15 0 15 25
FLAW ANGLE
INSTRUMENT A
111-11 - - INSTRUMENT B
12" DIAMETER 304 SIS
TRANSDUCER= .5" DIA.
BEAM ANGLE = 45°
3/2 V BEAM PATH
0
SHORT FLAW
ASPECT RATIO= 0.5
-5
-10
!
- - - - -I -20%
----
5
0 --- ---
-5
-10
----, !
----
MEDIUM FLAW
ASPECT RATIO = 0.25
1
I 20%
dB 0 I
I
-5 LONG FLAW
- - - - -' -50%
1
--- ASPECT RATIO = 0.05
-10
- - - -l -20%- - -
-25 -15 0 15 25
FLAW ANGLE
INSTRUMENT A
- - INSTRUMENT B
III-12
12" DIAMETER 304 SIS
TRANSDUCER = P DIA.
BEAM ANGLE = 45°
3/2 V BEAM PATH
5r--------:--------,
- -- -- - J_ _20% - -
5 ~--------------·
-5 MEDIUM FLAW
I
ASPECT RATIO = 0.25
I
-10 ' _ 20cro _ _
_ _ _ _ j_
I
LONG FLAW
ASPECT RATIO = 0.05
-10
I
- - - - -I - -20%- -
-25 -15 0 15 25
FLAW ANGLE
INSTRUMENT A
- - INSTRUMENT 8
III-13
12" DIAMETER 304 SIS
TRANSDUCER = .25" DIA.
BEAM ANGLE = 60°
l/2 V BEAM PATH
·o ~----~~-=------1 .. .....................
.........
........... ..... SHORT FLAW
-5 ASPECT RATIO = 0.5
- - r :50%-DAC
----
-10 1
I
I 20'1o
- - - -------=- ----
5 ~--------~-----------.
MEDIUM FLAW
-5 ASPECT RATIO = 0.25
I
-10 I
I
----~~----
5 -------------~
LONG FLAW
~ ~~ ASPECT RATIO = 0.05
---------
-10
_____ 10% ___ _
-25 -15 0 15 25
FLAW ANGLE
INSTRUMENT A
- - INSTRUMENT B
III-14
12 DIAMETER 304 SIS
11
TRANSDUCER = .5 DIA.
11
0~------~/~-r--~~--~~
~--~------~----~--~2~
/ +6dB +8dB
/
/ +6dB
~ LONG FLAW
ASPECT RATIO = 0.05
-25 -15 0 15 25
FLAW ANGLE
INSTRUMENT A
- - INSTRUMENT B
III-15
11
12 DIAMETER 304 SIS
TRANSDUCER= 1 DIA.
11
-5 I
- - - - + - - - - - 50%
-10
----t---
, -
I 2~
--- 20%
LONG FLAW
ASPECT RATIO = 0.05
-----.----- 2~
-25 -15 0 15 25
FLAW ANGLE
INSTRUMENT A
- - INSTRUMENT B
III-16
20 DIAMETER CARBON STEEL
11
0
SHORT FLAW
ASPECT RATIO = 0.5
-5
-10
20%
0
)"
----1~----
5
I
I
;...
dB 0
-5
LONG FLAW
-10
ASPECT RATIO = 0.05
- - - - -20%
---
-25 -15 0 15 25
FLAW ANGLE
INSTRUMENT A
- - INSTRUMENT B
III-17
20 DIAMETER CARBON STEEL
11
TRANSDUCER = .5 DIA.
11
s~----------~--------~
0~----------~,----------~
'' SHORT FLAW
''
'' ASPECT RATIO = 0.5
-5 ',, 50-ro
-10
-5
MEDIUM FLAW
ASPECT RATIO = 0.25
-10
---20%
5
dB 0
-..... ............
.......... ... ......
...... ... _
-5
LONG FLAW
-10
ASPECT RATIO = 0.05
20%
-25 -15 0 15 25
FLAW ANGLE
INSTRUMENT A
- - INSTRUMENT B
III-18
20" DIAMETER CARBON STEEL
TRANSDUCER= 1" DIA.
BEAM ANGLE = 45°
l/2 V BEAM PATH
0
SHORT FLAW
ASPECT RATIO = 0.5
-5
-10
-5 MEDIUM FLAW
ASPECT RATIO = 0.25
-10
5
-
dB 0
-5 LONG FLAW
ASPECT RATIO = 0.05
-10
-25 -15 0 15 25
FLAW ANGLE
INSTRUMENT A
- - INSTRUMENT B
III-19
20., DIAMETER CARBON STEEL
TRANSDUCER = .25" DIA.
BEAM ANGLE = 45°
3/2 V BEAM PATH
0'~----------~--------~
SHORT FLAW
ASPECT RATIO = 0.5
MEDIUM FLAW
50%
ASPECT RATIO = 0.25
20%
dB 0
,
/ LONG FLAW
./ , - - - - 50% ASPECT RATIO = 0. 05
/
,
/
/
-10 -----/
------ 20%
-25 -15 0 15 25
FLAW ANGLE
INSTRUMENT A
- - - INSTRUMENT B
III-20
20" DIAMETER CARBON STEEL
TRANSDUCER= .5" DIA.
BEAM ANGLE = 45°
3/2 V BEAM PATH
0
SHORT FLAW
ASPECT RATIO = 0.5
-5
-10
0
50%
-5 MEDIUM FLAW
ASPECT RATIO = 0.25
-10
dB 0
-5 LONG FLAW
ASPECT RATIO = 0. 05
-10 '
',,,.., I 20%
---~---
-25 -15 0 15 25
FLAW ANGLE
INSTRUMENT A
- - INSTRUMENT B
III - 21
20" DIAMETER CARBON STEEL
TRANSDUCER= 1" DIA.
BEAM ANGLE = 45° •
3/2 V BEAM PATH
-5
J
-10
o~----------~----------~
.... ....
' .... MEDIUM FLAW
-5 '' ASPECT RATIO = 0.25
'
-~--50%
''
' .....
-10
dB 0 ....
' ........
'' LONG FLAW
-5 ''' 50% ASPECT RATIO = 0.05
-10
20%
-25 -15 0 15 25
FLAW ANGLE
INSTRUMENT A
INSTRUMENT B
II I -22
20" DIAMETER CARBON STEEL
TRANSDUCER = .25" DIA.
BEAM ANGLE = 60°
1/2 V BEAM PATH
5~---------------------.
SHORT FLAW
I ASPECT RATIO = 0.5
-5 I I
'', ,~~~ -
I
' \ II I
-10 ' ../ I
I
-5 MEDIUM FLAW
i
I
ASPECT RATIO = 0.25
I
-10
I 20%
I
----+-------
5
dB 0
-5
LONG FLAW
'
'
\ I
I
I
ASPECT RATIO = 0.05
-10 \ I ,
' /
' I
II
'I I 20%
- -----t-- ----
-25 -15 0 15 25
FLAW ANGLE
INSTRUMENT A
--INSTRUMENT B
III-23
20" DIAMETER CARBON STEEL
TRANSDUCER = . 5" DIA.
BEAM ANGLE = 60°
l/2 V BEAM PATH
SHORT FLAW
ASPECT RATIO = 0.5
I
~---
i
j
-5 MEDIUM FLAW
50% ASPECT RATIO = 0. 25
-10
-25 -15 0 15 25
FLAW ANGLE
INSTRUMENT A
- - INSTRUMENT B
III-24
20" DIAMETER CARBON STEEL
TRANSDUCER= 1" DIA.
BEAM ANGLE = 60°
l/2 V BEAM PATH
5...------~------.
SHORT FLAW
-5 ASPECT RATIO = 0.5
•
-10
-5 50%
MEDIUM FLAW
ASPECT RATIO = 0.25
-10
20%
------r------
5
dB 0 ---..!---
LONG FLAW
ASPECT RATIO = 0.05
-10
-25 -15 0 15 25
FLAW ANGLE
INSTRUMENT A
- - INSTRUMENT B
III-25
20" DIAMETER 304 SIS
TRANSDUCER = .25" DIA.
BEAM ANGLE = 45°
l/2 V BEAM PATH
s~-----------------------,
0~----------~----------~
SHORT FLAW
-5 ASPECT RATIO = 0.5
10
ol--------------:---------------1
MEDIUM FLAW
ASPECT RATIO = 0.25
dB 0 1--------------+-------------1
-25 -15 0 15 25
FLAW ANGLE
INSTRUMENT A
- - INSTRUMENT B
I II-26
20" DIAMETER 304 SIS
TRANSDUCER = .5" DIA.
BEAM ANGLE = 45°
1/2 V BEAM PATH
5 ~----------------------~
0 ~----------~----------~
SHORT FLAW
ASPECT RATIO= 0.5
0 ~----------~----------~
-5
.......- --,~
,.,,."'
-
'I
/ '
-
~ ~
', 500fo
- -
MEDIUM FLAW
ASPECT RATIO = 0.25
....... ...... ,. ''
-10 '' ---
20%
dB 0
20%
-25 -15 0 15 25
FLAW ANGLE
INSTRUMENT A
- - INSTRUMENT B
I II-27
20" DIAMETER 304 SIS
TRANSDUCER= 1" DIA.
BEAM ANGLE = 45°
1/2 V BEAM PATH
5
0 ~--------~~--------~
SHORT FLAW
ASPECT RATIO= 0.5
-10
-5 MEDIUM FLAW
ASPECT RATIO = 0.25
- - - - -+I _29_!_ - -
5
dB 0
-5 LONG FLAW
ASPECT RATIO = 0.05
-10
-25 -15 0 15 25
FLAW ANGLE
INSTRUMENT A
- - INSTRUMENT B
I II -28
20 DIAMETER 304 SIS
11
5
-1 -1 -1 -1'
c:( c:( c:( c:( I
0 Vl - V l
z
C
-------~------- Vl
zC
-
__,
z z'
C C'
Vl Vl'
0 0 0 oo:
Z Z Z Z Zt
SHORT FLAW
-5 __ ....... __ 500Jc ASPECT RATIO = 0.5
_____ ,_,--
- - - --,.,_.c..:';_ -a .:..:::s....._-:::-... _-.. -
-10
20%
5
-1 _.J I _.J _.J I --' _.J I -1
c:( c:( I c:( c:( I c:( c:( c:(
z z1 zz 1 zzl
c- -1
c c c c c l t§
- -I _____,;__ _ _ _ - 1
0 Vl Vl i - V l Vll Vl Vl l- v ;
0 O l 0 O l • 0 0 1 0
ZZI Z ZI I ZZI z
MEDIUM FLAW
-5 • 50% ASPECT RATIO = 0.25
-10
5
l
_.J -1 - II -1 -1
c:( <,
c:( c:( c:(
z z z, z zC..')
c c
dB 0 - c ~.
Vl Vll
I
- -- Vl
~I z
Vl I
0 oo 1 I 0
z zz l I
L_____ 2.01:. LONG FLAW
-5 )-
ASPECT RATIO 0.05
f.--- -- --...--- -
'
- =
-10 ~
----- - _20_!_--
-25 -15 0 15 25
FLAW ANGLE
INSTRl!MENT A
- - INSTRUMENT B
I II -29
20" DIAMETER 304 S/S
TRANSDUCER= .5" DIA.
BEAM ANGLE = 60°
1/2 V BEAM PATH
I
5
--l --l --l l --l --l
< < <r <
:z <
~ ~ -~II ~
0 Vl --
Vl VII
c.:>
Vl Vl
0
:z
0 0 1
:z :ZI ~I 0
:z
0 ~-----------4-------Vl--~
0
:z
-5
MEDIUM FLAW
ASPECT RATIO = 0.25
-10
-5 ~
r---- -- 50% - - - -
f--
LONG FLAW
ASPECT RATIO = 0.05
-10 f-
20%
---- -- --- ___ - ...
f------ ~- -
-25 -15 0 15 25
FLAW ANGLE
----- INSTRUMENT A
----- INSTRUMENT B
III-30
20 DIAMETER 304 S/S
11
TRANSDUCER= 1 DIA.
11
50%
SHORT FLAW
ASPECT RATIO = 0.5
-10
5
-II -1
<, <
z, z
~I ~
0 1---------r-----Vli-Vl
01 0
Z1 Z
dB 0
-5
----~----
I 50% LONG FLAW
ASPECT RATIO = 0.05
-10
-25 -15 0 15 25
FLAW ANGLE
INSTRUMENT A
- - INSTRUMENT B
II I-31
NUREG/ CR-1957
PNL-3692
DISTRIBUTION
No. of No. of
Copies Copies
Off site Ons i te
A. A. Chunn 48 Pacific Northwest Laboratory
DOE Patent Division
9800 S. Cass Avenue F. L. Becker
Argonne, IL 60439 S. Bush
G. J. Posakony
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission G. P. Selby
Division of Technical Information T. T. Taylor (37)
and Document Control Publishing Coordination (2)
7920 Norfolk Avenue Technical Information (5)
Bethesda, MD 20014
2 DOE Technical Information Center
5 U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Materials Engineering Branch
Division of Engineering
Washington, DC 20555
Martin Hum
Jim Kennedy
B. D. Liaw
G. Johnson
C. Y. Cheng
• Distr-1
•
NRC FOAM 335 1 REPORT N UMBE A {Awgned bv DOC/
U.S. NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION
7 77 1 NUREG/CR-1957
BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA SHEET PNL-3692
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE (Add Volume No, d IIPPU11Jrt•te) 2 (LeN• biMJk)
Evaluation of ASME Section XI Reference Level
Sensitivity for Initiation of Ultrasonic Inspection 3 RECIPIENT"$ ACCESSION NO
Examination
7. AUTHORISJ 5 DATE REPORT COMPLETED
T.T. Taylor, G.P. Selby MONTH YEAR I
Februarv 1qs:n
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND MAILING ADDRESS (Include Z tp Code/ DATE REPORT ISSU~D
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18 AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 19 SECURITY CLASS (Th .s reporr / 21 NO OF PAGES
Un 1imited Unclassified
20 SECURITY CLASS (Thtspagel 22 PRICE
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NRC FOAM 335 17 77 1