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Criticism: A remark or comment that expresses approval or disapproval of something or someone is known as criticism. Like; the activity of
making careful judgment about the good and bad qualities of book, movie etc. A person who does this activity is known as a critic.
Introduction: John Dryden is known as the father of Criticism. He introduced a new form of criticism known as Liberal criticism (means
breaking the rules lead by others). He was also the pioneer of Historic criticism. He was a scholar, a writer, a critic and a well-known poet.
With Dryden a new era of criticism began. The Ancient and Modern Controversy: In the age of Dryden there raged a lot debate on the
comparative merits and demerits of the Ancient and the Moderns. In his (Essay of Dramatic Poesy) Dryden has argued moderately and
tolerantly on behalf of the moderns, through the mouth of Eugenius. The case for the Ancients is presented by Crites. Dryden through his
dispassionate, balanced attitude and shrewd analysis, he removed the difficulty which had confused the issue. Crites Case for the Ancients: 1.
Crites taken up the case of the Ancients and speak in their defense. The superiority of the Ancients is established that the moderns simply
imitate them, and build on the foundations laid by them. The Ancient are the acknowledge models of the Moderns. 2. The Ancients had a
special genius for drama, and in their particular branch of poetry they could reach perfection. That’s why they excel them in drama. 3. The
Ancient drama is superior because the Ancients closely observed Nature and faithfully represented her in their work. The Moderns do not
observe and study Nature carefully and so they distort and disfigure her in their plays. There is no faithful representation of nature in their
works. 4. The rules of Dramatic Composition which the Moderns now follow have come down to them from the Ancients. They have devised
no new rules nor, in any way, added to or modified, any of their rules. 5. Crites makes special mention of the Unities, of Time, Place, and
Action. The Ancients followed these rules and the effect is satisfying and pleasing. But in Modern plays the Unity of Time is violated and often
of the Action of a play covers whole ages. The Modern plays are, therefore, unnatural, they cannot be called a just and true representation of
nature. 6. The Ancients could organize their plays well. We are unable to appreciate the art and beauty of their language, only because many
of their customs, stories, etc., are not known to us. There is much that is highly proper and elegant in their language but we fail to appreciate it
because their language is dead, and remains only in books. 7. In ancient Greece and Rome poetry was more honored than any other branch
of knowledge. Poets were encouraged to excel in this field through frequent competitions, judges were appointed and the dramatists were
rewarded according to their merits. For Example: There is historical record to show how Aeschylus, Euripides, Sophocles, etc., were rewarded
and honored in this way. But in modern times there is no such spirit of healthy rivalry and competition. Poets are neither suitably honored nor
are they rewarded. 8. The greatest man of the last age Ben Johnson, had great admiration for the Ancients; He considered them superior to
the modern in all things. His example should be sufficient to convince him of superiority and excellence of the Ancient. Eugenius Case for the
Moderns: Eugenius then replies to Crites and speaks in favor of the Moderns. In the very beginning, he acknowledges that the Moderns have
learnt much from the Ancients. But he adds that by their own labor the Moderns have added to what they have gained from them, with the
result that they now excel them in many ways. The Moderns have not blindly imitated them. Along with observing the rules of the Ancients,
they also observe and faithfully follow nature. That’s why they add new qualities and beauties and excel the Ancients. In the natural science
they excel the previous ages because of their grater study and pains talking. Eugenius proceeds to bring out some defects of the Ancients,
and some excellences of the Moderns. 1. In the first place, the Ancients did not know the division of the play into acts. The Moderns have
perfected this division, and divided their plays not only into acts but also in plays. 2. Even the Ancients’ observance of the three unities is not
perfect. The Ancient critics, like Horace and Aristotle, did not make mention of the Unity of Place. Even the Ancients did not always observe
the Unity of Time. Euripides, a great dramatist, no doubt, confines his action to one day, but, then, he commits many absurdities. 3. There is
too much of narration at the cost of Action. Instead of providing the necessary information to the audience through dialogues the Ancients
often do so through monologues. The result is, their play becomes monotonous and tiresome. 4. Their plays do not perform one of the
functions of drama that of giving delight as well as instruction. There is no poetic justice in their plays. Instead of punishing vice and rewarding
virtue, they have often shown a prosperous wickedness, and an unhappy piety. 5. Eugenius agrees with Crites that they are not competent to
judge the language of the Ancients since it is dead, and many of their stories, customs, habits, etc., have been lost to them. However, they
have certain glaring faults which cannot be denied. They are often too bold in their metaphors and in their coinages. As far as possible, only
such words should be used as are in common use, and new words should be coined only when absolutely necessary. Horace himself has
recommended this rule, but the Ancients violated it frequently.

Matched Source

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john dryden (1631 – 1700). john dryden is rightly considered as “the father of english criticism”. he was the first to teach the english people
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http://littcritic.blogspot.com/2014/01/john-dryden.html

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the case for the ‘ancients’ is presented by crites. in the controversy dryden takes no extreme position and is sensible enough to give the
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https://www.sites.google.com/site/nmeictproject/reflections/2-3-the-ancients-versus-modern-playwrights-1

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4. ?the ancient are the acknowledge models of the moderns. ?the ancient had a special genius for drama and in their particular branch of
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https://www.slideshare.net/tadhavanita/crites-ppt-3

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https://www.studymode.com/essays/Dramatic-Poesy-By-Dryden-1320871.html

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http://komal1311.blogspot.com/2016/11/to-evaluate-my-assignment-click-here_11.html

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arati maheta 27 november at euripides, a great dramatist, no doubt, confines his action to one day, but, then, he commits many
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https://tournamentcurling.com/essay-on-dramatic-poesy-neander-defends-32/