08 – 01 - 2020

Topic of the day: PREPOSITIONS

For example:

Consist in: phrasal verb formal: to be based on or depend on something: Happiness does
not consist in how many possessions you own.
Consist of: phrasal verb: to be formed from two or more things or people: The buffet
consisted of several different Indian dishes.
Consist on: The game consists on finding…

VOCABULARY:

Tasty ---------- Delicious ------------- Mouth-watering

 Mouth-watering: food that is mouth-watering looks or smells extremely good: a mouth-

watering aroma coming from the kitchen.

 Toe-curling: making you feel very embarrassed: There’s a toe-curling scene in the film
where he keeps accidentally offending his girlfriend’s parents.

 Embarrassing: making you feel ashamed, nervous, or uncomfortable:

She asked a lot of embarrassing questions.
An embarrassing situation.
Embarrassing for: This incident is deeply embarrassing for the government.

 Knee slapping: The action of striking one's own knee with the hand, associated
with hearty laughter.

 The phrase finger lickin' good (or formally "finger licking good") is an expression
of praise for good food. It may also refer specifically to: A Kentucky Fried Chicken
slogan used from the 20th century (=de chuparse los dedos)

 Havoc: a situation in which there is a lot of damage or a lack of order, especially so that
it is difficult for something to continue in the normal way SYN chaos
Cause/create havoc:
A strike will cause havoc for commuters.
Policies that would wreak havoc on the country’s economy.
Rain has continued to play havoc with sporting events.

 Wreak havoc/mayhem/destruction (on something) to cause a lot of damage or

problems:
These policies have wreaked havoc on the British economy.

Wreak revenge/vengeance (on somebody) formal to do something unpleasant to

someone to punish them for something they have done to you:
He promised to wreak vengeance on those who had betrayed him.

Exercise 1) from Sheet 08-01-20 (‘Vocabulary’)

0. I think you should apologise for your behaviour last night.

1. I can’t suppress my craving for this type of exercise.
2. Have you heard about Jeremy’s new job?
3. I’m afraid I completely disagree with you about that.
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4. We are alarmingly deficient in adequately trained staff.
5. I just think the whole situation is fraught with danger.
6. I’m afraid this is typical of such boys.
7. They eventually succeeded in persuading me to go with them.
8. The exchange rate now stands at 344.7 to the dollar.
9. I’m really getting a taste for a bar of chocolate.
10. He was subjected to endless bullying as a child.

VOCABULARY:

 Craving: an extremely strong desire for something.

→ longing craving for: She had a craving for some chocolate.

 Fraught with:
1) fraught with problems/difficulties/danger etc full of problems etc:
Their marriage has been fraught with difficulties.
2) Full of anxiety or worry SYN tense:
A fraught atmosphere.
A fraught situation.
Julie sounded rather fraught.

 Subject:
formal to force a country or group of people to be ruled by you, and control them very
strictly
subject to phrasal verb To force someone or something to experience something very
unpleasant, especially over a long time:
Police subjected him to hours of questioning.
Subject somebody to an ordeal/abuse/harassment
Barker subjected his victim to awful abuse.

 Ordeal: a terrible or painful experience that continues for a period of time.

Ordeal of:
She then had to go through the ordeal of giving evidence.
She was forced to face the ordeal of withdrawal symptoms.

 Withdrawal symptoms: the painful or unpleasant feelings someone has after they have
stopped taking a drug that they were dependent on. (=síntomas de abstinencia)

 Hear of:
I’ve heard of a job which would be just right for you.
This was the first I’d heard of any trouble in the area (=I had just heard news of trouble
for the first time).
He was last heard of in Washington (=he was in Washington the last time someone had
information about him).

 Hear about:
Teresa heard about the decision later.

 Hear from (someone): phrasal verb

1) to receive news or information from someone:

Do you ever hear from Jack?
Police want to hear from anyone who has any information.
I look forward to hearing from you (=hope to receive news from you)

2) To listen to someone giving their opinion in a radio or television discussion

programme: a chance to hear from some of the victims of violent crime.

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 Unheard of: something that is unheard of is so unusual that it has not happened or been
known before: Travel for pleasure was almost unheard of until the 19th century.

 Give sb a dose/taste of their own medicine: to treat someone as badly as they

have treated you.
 An eye for an eye (and a tooth for a tooth) Saying: said to show that you believe if
someone does something wrong, that person should be punished by having the same thing
done to them.
 A fair crack of the whip - UK (US a fair shake): an equal chance to do something:
It's only right that all the candidates should be given a fair crack of the whip.

 All's fair in love and war – saying: in love and war you do not have
to obey the usual rules about reasonable behaviour.

Exercise 2) from Sheet 08-01-20 (‘Vocabulary’)

Boast
Brag
Rave about
Protest
Enthuse

 Boast about: to talk too proudly about your abilities, achievements, or possessions.
He’s boasting about how much money he has made.

 Brag about: to talk too proudly about what you have done, what you own etc – used to
show disapproval SYN boast.
Ben’s always bragging about his success with women.

 Rave about/over something: to talk about something you enjoy or admire in an

excited way SYN enthuse.
Now I understand why travelers rave about Lapland.
The customers were raving over our homemade chili.

 Enthuse about:
1) to talk about something in a very interested or excited way. Enthuse about/over: Rick
was there, enthusing about life in Australia.
2) To make someone interested in something or excited by it.
be enthused by/with something: The owners were certainly enthused by the offer.
GRAMMAR Enthuse is usually passive in this meaning.

Care
Bother
Forget about
Brood
Dream

 Bother about: WORRY [intransitive, transitive] to make someone feel slightly worried,
upset, or concerned: especially British English
I try not to bother about what other people think.
 Brood:
1) to keep thinking about something that you are worried or upset about: Don’t sit at home
brooding all day.

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Brood over/about/on: There’s no point brooding over it – she’s gone.
► see THESAURUS at THINK

2) if a bird broods, it sits on its eggs to make the young birds break out.

Delight
Revel
Succeed in
Exult
Bask

 Delight in something: phrasal verb [transitive] to enjoy something very much,

especially something that other people think is not nice: He delights in complicating
everything.

 Revel in: phrasal verb to enjoy something very much: He revelled in his new-found
fame.

 Exult in: formal to show that you are very happy and proud, especially because you have
succeeded in doing something.
Exult at/in/over: She exulted in her new discovery.

 Bask:
1) to enjoy sitting or lying in the heat of the sun or a fire: bask in. Lizards were basking in
the morning sun.
2) If a place basks in the sun, it is sunny and warm: bask in. Tenerife was basking in
afternoon sunshine as they arrived.
3) to enjoy the approval or attention that you are getting from other people. bask
in. She basked in the admiration of the media.

Bask/bathe in the glory of something (=enjoy the fame and admiration you get).
Challenor basked in the glory of his achievement.

Advise
Warn
Argue against
Protest
Demonstrate

 Demonstrate against: to protest or support something in public with a lot of other

people.
What are they demonstrating against?

 Advise somebody against (doing) something: I’d advise you against saying anything
to the press.

Confide
Result
Culminate in
Persist
Trust

 Confide in: phrasal verb to tell someone about something very private or secret,
especially a personal problem, because you feel you can trust them: I’ve never felt able to
confide in my sister.

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 Rule
Prevail
Preside over
Triumph
Argue

 Rule over: GOVERNMENT [intransitive, transitive] to have the official power to control a
country and the people who live there → govern.
Alexander the Great ruled over a huge empire.

 Prevail over: if a person, idea, or principle prevails in a fight, argument etc, they are
successful in the end.
Your inner strength will enable you to prevail over life’s obstacles.

 Preside over phrasal verb

1) to be in a position of authority at a time when important things are happening: The
government seemed to be presiding over large-scale unemployment.
2) to be the head of a company or organization:
Finch presided over the company for 30 years.
3) to be in charge of a meeting or activity:
The chairman will preside over an audience of architects and developers.
 Triumph over: to gain a victory or success after a difficult struggle. In the end, good
shall triumph over evil.

 Argue over: The children were arguing over which TV programme to watch.

Battle
Compete
Plot Against
Campaign
Win

 Battle against: She had battled against cancer.

 Compete against:
The Renault Clio competes against such cars as the Peugeot 206.
I had to compete against 19 other people for the job.
He’ll be competing against the world’s best.

 Plot: to make a secret plan to harm a person or organization, especially a political leader
or government.
He suspected that the military were secretly plotting against him.

 Campaign: to lead or take part in a series of actions intended to achieve a particular

social or political result.
A group campaigning against the destruction of the rain forests.

Cheat
Strip
Rid of
Deprive
Starve

 Cheat: to trick or deceive someone so that they do not get or keep something they have
a right to have.
Cheat somebody (out) of something: She cheated her aged aunt out of her fortune.
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 Strip of phrasal verb: to take away something important from someone as a punishment,
for example their title, property, or power: Captain Evans was found :guilty and stripped of
his rank.

 Rid: phrasal verb written: to take action so that a person, place etc is no longer affected
by something bad or no longer has it → overcome: a promise to rid the country of nuclear
weapons
Will science finally rid us of this disease?
Rid yourself of something: He struggled to rid himself of his fears.

 Deprive of phrasal verb: to prevent someone from having something, especially

something that they need or should have:
A lot of these children have been deprived of a normal home life.

 Starve: (also starve somebody/something for something American English) phrasal

verb: to not give something that is needed.
Be starved of something: The schools are starved of funding.
GRAMMAR Starve of/for is usually passive.

Cure
Convict
Reassure of
Persuade
Acquit

 Cure: cure somebody of something. 90% of patients can be cured of the disease.
Cure somebody of something to make someone stop behaving in a particular way or
stop them having a particular feeling or attitude:
Nothing could cure her of her impatience with Anna.

 Convict: to prove or officially announce that someone is guilty of a crime after a TRIAL in
a law court OPP acquit
Convict somebody of something:
She was convicted of shoplifting.

 Reassure: ? to make someone feel calmer and less worried or frightened about a
problem or situation.

 Persuade: to make someone believe something or feel sure about

something SYN convince.
Persuade somebody of something: McFadden must persuade the jury of her innocence.

 Acquit: to give a decision in a court of law that someone is not guilty of a crime.
Acquit somebody of something: The judge directed the jury to acquit Phillips of the
murder.
GRAMMAR Acquit is often passive in this meaning.

Skip
Gloss
Haggle over
Skate
Squabble

 Skip: NOT DEAL WITH SOMETHING [intransitive, transitive] to not read, mention, or deal
with something that would normally come or happen next.
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I suggest we skip over the details and get to the point.

 Gloss over: phrasal verb: to avoid talking about something unpleasant, or to say as
little as possible about it SYN skirt:
She glossed over the details of her divorce.

 Haggle: to argue when you are trying to agree about the price of something.
Haggle over: tourists haggling over the price of souvenirs.

 Skate over/around phrasal verb: to avoid mentioning a problem or subject, or not give
it enough attention: The president was accused of skating over the issue of the homeless.

 Squabble: to argue about something unimportant.

SYN quarrel.
Squabble over/about: They’re always squabbling over money.
—squabble noun [countable]:
A petty squabble.
Bitter squabbles between employers and unions.
 Petty: a petty problem, detail etc is small and unimportant SYN trivial.
 Bitter: a bitter argument, battle etc. is one in which people oppose or criticize each other
with strong feelings of hate and anger.
bitter dispute/battle/struggle etc.
The couple are locked in a bitter battle for custody of the children.
The government faces bitter opposition to these policies.
The countries are still bitter enemies.

 Heady: very exciting in a way that makes you feel as if you can do anything you want
to: the heady atmosphere of the early sixties.

 I stand corrected: spoken formal used to admit that your opinion or something that you
just said was wrong.

BOOK – page 46

Vocabulary:

 Pointed (adjective):

1) having a point at the end: a pointed beard.

2) A pointed question/look/remark a direct question, look etc. that deliberately shows
that you are annoyed, bored, or disapprove of something: a pointed remark about my
being late.

 Point up: (something) formal

To bring attention to (something), to highlight or emphasize (something)
The speaker pointed up the importance of improving public education.
The destruction caused by the earthquake points up the need for improvements in
construction standards.

 Touristy:
1) A place that is touristy is full of tourists and the things that attract tourists – used to
show disapproval: Benidorm is too touristy for me.
2) A touristy activity is typical of the things that tourists do – used to show disapproval: We
did all the usual touristy things.

 Junk: old or unwanted objects that have no use or value: This cupboard’s full of junk.
► Do not use junk when you are talking about things such as empty packets, cans, and
bottles that are left in a public place. Use litter: Don’t drop litter in the street.

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 Teal:
1 [countable] a small wild duck.
2 [uncountable] a greenish-blue colour.

 Trusty: old-fashioned a trusty weapon, vehicle, animal etc. is one that you have had for
a long time and can depend on – often used humorously SYN reliable:
He had his trusty old penknife with him.

BOOK – page 46 – exercise 1

List as many famous sites and things to do in London as you can:

London Eye:

A FERRIS WHEEL in London that is 450 feet tall and which gives people who ride in it very
good views of the city.

The Houses of Parliament:

The buildings in which the members of the British parliament meet, or the parliament itself.
We bring you a report on today's debate in the Houses of Parliament.

Tower Bridge:

A bridge which crosses the River Thames in London, just to the east of the Tower of
London. The part of the bridge which carries the road divides in the middle into two
separate parts, which can be pulled up so that tall ships can pass under it. Tower Bridge is
one of London's best-known buildings, and is often used as a SYMBOL representing London.

Westminster: the British Houses of Parliament: Westminster was buzzing with

anticipation today as MPs gathered for tonight’s crucial vote.

Westminster Abbey: a very large GOTHIC church in Westminster, London, first built in
the 11th century. Almost all British kings and queens since WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR have
been crowned (CROWN ) in the Abbey and many famous people are buried there. → POETS'
CORNER

Westminster Cathedral: the main Roman Catholic church in England and Wales,
famous especially for its BYZANTINE design and stations of the Cross.

Harrods: a large DEPARTMENT STORE in KNIGHTSBRIDGE, in London, where rich and

fashionable people go to shop. It is owned by Mohammed AL FAYED. Harrods is one of the
most famous stores in the world, and is known for selling all kinds of expensive and
unusual goods.

The Thames: the longest river in England, which flows from the west into the North Sea.
In London, many well-known bridges across the Thames connect the north and south of the
city, and many important buildings, including the Houses of Parliament and the Tower of
London, are built next to the river:
She lives south of the Thames.

The Thames Valley: the area of land next to the River THAMES, between London and
Oxford.

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Madame Tussaud’s: a MUSEUM in London that contains MODELs of famous people, both
living and dead, made of WAX. It was started by a French woman called Madame TUSSAUD in
1802. New models are added as new people become famous. The museum is also famous
for its ‘Chamber of Horrors’, a special area with models of famous criminals and murderers.

Camden: a BOROUGH in North London which is a fashionable place to live. It includes

Camden Town, an area with many unusual clothes shops, night clubs, restaurants, and a
market at CAMDEN LOCK.

Camden Lock: a market area in Camden, North London, which sells ANTIQUEs (=valuable
old furniture, plates, and other objects), SECOND-HAND clothing, unusual jewellery etc,
especially at weekends.

Notting Hill Carnival: a street CARNIVAL that takes place in the Notting Hill area of West
London in August every year, mostly involving black people and known for the
colourful COSTUMEs worn and the steel band music played.

Nottingham: an industrial city in Nottinghamshire in central England. Its industries

include chemicals, engineering, and clothing, but it is especially known as a place
where LACE (=very fine cloth with patterns of very small holes) is made. The stories of ROBIN
HOOD take place in this area.

Nottinghamshire: a COUNTY in central England consisting mainly of farmland, and also

known for its coal mines, most of which have now closed down → SHERWOOD FOREST.

The British Museum: a famous building in London which contains a large and
important collection of ancient art, writings, coins, drawings etc.

The British National Party: a right-wing British political party, started in 1982 by
John Tyndall, a former leader of the National Front. The BNP believes that the rights of
white British people are more important than those of people who are not white or who
are IMMIGRANTs. Nick Griffin (1959-) became leader of the party in 1999. The party does not
have any MPs, but it does have COUNCILLORs (=elected representatives) on many local
government COUNCILs.

Saint Paul’s Cathedral: a CATHEDRAL in central London, which is the largest Protestant
church in the UK and one of the best-known buildings in London. It was designed by Sir
Christopher Wren and built between 1676 and 1710. A previous cathedral in the same place
was destroyed in the Great Fire of London (1666).

Tower Bridge: a bridge which crosses the River Thames in London, just to the east of
the Tower of London. The part of the bridge which carries the road divides in the middle
into two separate parts, which can be pulled up so that tall ships can pass under it. Tower
Bridge is one of London's best-known buildings, and is often used as a SYMBOL representing
London.

Tower of London: a FORTRESS (=protected group of buildings including a castle) in

London next to the River Thames, built in the 11th century. The kings and queens of
England lived there in the past, and many important people were kept as prisoners there. It
is now a MUSEUM, and tourists visit it especially to see the Crown Jewels (=a collection of
valuable jewels belonging to the Royal Family). The Tower of London is guarded by the
Beefeaters, who are dressed in old-fashioned traditional uniforms. There is an that if
the RAVENs (=large black birds) ever leave the Tower of London, the British MONARCHY will
end.

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Buckingham Palace: the official home of the British royal family in London. Since
1995, some parts of the building have been open to tourists. The name of the Palace is
sometimes used to mean the officials who are in charge of organizing the Queen’s public
life: Buckingham Palace announced today that Her Majesty will be visiting Japan next year.

Changing of the Guard: a ceremony that takes place regularly outside Buckingham
Palace in London, in which the soldiers guarding the palace are replaced by others. The
guards wear red uniforms and BEARSKINs (=tall black fur hats).

Piccadilly Circus: a round open area in central London, where several streets join
together, famous for being very busy, for its advertising signs made of NEON LIGHTs, and for
the statue of Eros in its centre. People sometimes say that a place is like Piccadilly Circus to
mean that it is very busy.

Tate Britain: an art GALLERYin south central London which shows British art from the
16th century to the present day. There is a special part of the Tate that contains a large
collection of work by J.M.W. TURNER.

The Tate Modern: Britain's national MUSEUM of modern art in London, which was first
opened to the public in May 2000. The building was formerly a POWER STATION, and it was
changed into an ART GALLERY by two Swiss ARCHITECTs. The museum contains works by
famous artists such as Pablo PICASSO, Salvador DALI, and Francis BACON.

Hyde Park: a large park in central London, which includes the Serpentine, a lake, and
Speaker's Corner, a place where ordinary people can make speeches about anything that
they have strong opinions about.

Also Hyde Park: an area in the south part of Chicago, in the US state of Illinois, where the
University of Chicago is based.

BOOK – page 47 – Text.

VOCABULARY MENTIONED IN CLASS:

 Off the beaten track: a place that is off the beaten track is not well known and is far
away from the places that people usually visit.

The farmhouse we stayed in was completely off the beaten track.

 Coax: to persuade someone to do something that they do not want to do by talking to

them in a kind, gentle, and patient way.
Coax somebody into/out of (doing) something
We had to coax Alan into going to school.

 Trick: to deceive someone in order to get something from them or to make them do
something:
She knew she’d been tricked, but it was too late.
Trick somebody into doing something: He claimed he was tricked into carrying drugs.

 Deceive: to make someone believe something that is not true.

deceive somebody into doing something
He tried to deceive the public into thinking the war could still be won.

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Phrases:

- I’m going to trick you into a cage.

- I’m going to tempt you into my bedroom.
- I’m going to tempt you off the beaten truck.

It’s the result of an action

- Wipe it clean.
- Wipe it dry (sth liquid)

 En español necesitaríamos otro verbo: Límpialo hasta que esté limpio.

--------------

BOOK – page 46 – exercise 3

1. Free view or Leisurely stroll.

2. True insights.
3. East End playhouse.
4. Not just chippies.
5. Far out night out.
6. Quiet night out.

Meaning:

 Leisurely: if you do something in a leisurely way, you do it in a slow relaxed way,

without hurrying:
After lunch we went for a leisurely stroll.
Working at a leisurely pace.

 Stroll: to walk somewhere in a slow relaxed way.

Stroll down/over/along
We were strolling along, laughing and joking.

 Playhouse: a theatre – used in the name of theatres.

The Oxford Playhouse.

 Chippy: a fish-and-chip shop.

There used to be a good chippy down the back of Albert Street.

 Far out: it’s an expression meaning cool. Young people don’t say that anymore. (=es
como ‘tope guay’ en España)

 General store: a shop that sells a wide variety of goods, especially one in a small town.

 Thrift shop: American English a shop that sells used goods, especially clothes, often in
order to get money for a CHARITY.

 Dollar store: American English a shop selling a wide range of goods at low prices,
typically one dollar or less.

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BOOK – page 46 – exercise 4

Previous explanation

There is a spectrum, for example, you can be:

Peckish Hungry Starving

(slightly hungry) (more common)

Famished
(extremely hungry)

Ravenous
(very hungry → starving)

I could eat a horse

(don’t use always an adjective)

Exercise 4: how the words and phrases in italics were expressed in the article.

1 had never risked going outside of Zone 1

 Venture beyond Zone 1.

2 people go out swimming throughout the year.

 Go for a dip.

3 if you’re a bit hungry.

 Peckish.

4 It also keeps and displays a collection of household objects.

 Houses.

5 Charlie Chaplin once performed at the theatre.

 Hosted.

6 a typical kind of show in Britain.

 Pantomime.

7 we’ve happily accepted a large variety of international food.

 we’ve embraced a huge array of international food.

8 it’s almost impossible to logically choose where to go.

 It’s a toss-up where to go.

9 was known for being socially deprived.

 was synonymous with social deprivation.

10 after the usual family visitors have gone to bed.

 are tucked up in bed.

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VOCABULARY FROM THIS EXERCISE:

 Venture: to go somewhere that could be dangerous.

 Go for a dip: a quick swim:

Are you coming in for a dip?
Take/have a dip: Let’s take a dip in the lake.

 House:
1) to provide someone with a place to live.
House in: The refugees are being housed in temporary accommodation.
2) if a building, place, or container houses something, it is kept there.
House in: The collection is currently housed in the British Museum.
The plastic case that houses the batteries.

 Pantomime:

 we’ve embraced a huge array of international food.

Embrace: to eagerly accept a new idea, opinion, religion etc.
Array: a group of people or things, especially one that is large or impressive.

 It’s a toss-up where to go.

spoken used when you do not know which of two things will happen, or which of two things
to choose:
I don’t know who’ll get the job – it’s a toss-up between Carl and Steve.
2) [countable usually singular] British English an act of tossing a coin in order to decide
something.

 was synonymous with social deprivation.

Something that is synonymous with something else is considered to be very closely
connected with it.
Synonymous with: Nixon’s name has become synonymous with political scandal.

 are tucked up in bed.

Be tucked up in bed: informal to be lying or sitting in bed:
I ought to be tucked up in bed now.

Tuck somebody in: to make a child comfortable in bed by arranging the sheets around
them.

BOOK – page 46 – exercise 6: Make noun phrases.

1. Sign of life / things to come / weakness.

2. Tip of my tongue / the iceberg / the pen.
3. Floods of complaints / tears / enquiries.
4. Bunch of flowers / mates / stuff to do.
5. Swarm of mosquitoes / flies / wasps.
6. Pleasure of reading /eating / their company.
7. Supply of goods / blood / labour.
8. Creation of the EU / jobs / a new art form.

--------

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NOTES:

 Supply and demand (=oferta y demanda)

 Mouthful: an amount of food or drink that you put into your mouth at one time: Michael
told his story between mouthfuls.

 Armful: the amount of something that you can hold in one or both arms.
Armful of: an armful of books.

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