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2 1/2/2011, 2:24 AM
 8 THE NEW LIGHT OF MYANMAR Sunday, 2 January, 2011
RD
HAILING THE 63 ANNIVERSARY INDEPENDENCE DAY:
Spirit of cherishing independence and honouring election results
Ward off colonialist
tricks with patriotism
Myanmar people have got a lot of experiences
of elections. In the colonial days, ministers were
selected by the governor responsible to the British
government. At that time, Myanmar national
ministers were hardly appointed as members of
parliament, and the majority of MPs were
Englishmen, Chinese merchants, Indian merchants
and mixed-race persons. The British government
appointed handpicked members to the liking of the
governor in holding elections of a legislative council
made up of 14 or 15 MPs. The right to stand for
election and the right to vote were based on the
rates of income taxes.
After the consultant council to the governor
A race that deserves independence
is a race always embraces unity and fairness
A race that deserves without having any disagreements…
independence…
…a race having the wisdom, …a race that leads a humble life, aims high,
consideration, vision, and never gives spends wisely, values knowledge and wishes
priority to passions and commits to see motherland in prosperity…
random acts…
Knowledge
age
Knowledge
Bank
library
2-1-1011 NL.pmd 8 1/2/2011, 4:46 AM
Khaing Myo Nyilar Aung
led by General Aung San was formed, a constituent
hluttaw was held in April, 1947. At that time,
independence struggles were in full swing. The
people, who believed that the Anti-Fascist People’s
Freedom League (AFPFL) led by General Aung San
was capable enough of helping the nation regain
independence, all voted for AFPFL candidates.
AFPFL won all seats, except seven seats won by
Communist candidates. There were not any forms of
rigging nor violence in the elections.
Independence was regained after the demise
of the general. In the post-independence period,
AFPFL split into many factions. In 1950, Red
Social members broke away from the Socialist
Party, the hard-core party of AFPFL. And
Communists and Ba-Ka-Tha members turned back
on the AFPFL. Pyithu Yebaw Party collapsed into
two groups: White Yebaw and Yellow Yebaw. In
1958, AFPFL (remaining Socialist Party members)
split into Swe-Nyein or Stable AFPFL and Nu-Tin
or Clean AFPFL.
In the post-independence period, the armed
insurrection was ablaze the whole nation. The AFPFL
government was not capable of coping with the
issue, due to its members’ rivalry for power. So, there
was a sharp decrease in the public support for
AFPFL. However, power-craving AFPFL leaders
were claiming that the party would continue to win
public support for 40 years. They kept pocket forces
(Pyusawhti force, defence force, militia force,
servicemen force and special police force) and came
to arrest, torture and kill opposition members. They
breached all possible forms of rigging in the elections.
The elections held in 1952, 1956 and 1960 were
rigged with a wide variety of cases such as a nine-
man murder in Minhla, a massacre in Sitaung-aing
Village, Myeik, murders in some townships, and a
six-man murder in Ngazun. Such cases were featured
in announcements issued and publications published
by Opposition Pa-Ma-Nya-Ta (Red Social); tribunal
…a race giving priority to the interest of nation
and people rather than to self interest and interest
of own group and that is sincere, hardworking and
disciplined…
Majority
interest
f
Sel e s t
r
inte
…a race that never hesitates to sacrifice own lives in
driving out agressors trying to invade the country…
Ye Htet
records, the book “To Fair Multiparty Democracy
General Elections” by Chairman of the Election
Commission Saya Che, and the book “A Fist to Mt.
Myinmo” by Yebaw Hla Myo.
Armed insurgents made armed threats that
residents of the villages in the black regions and
brown regions which were under the influence of
insurgents) would have to vote for the candidates
of Opposition (left-wing Communists and Red
Social) Pa-Ma-Nya-Ta in the elections. Similar
cases took place in the elections in May 1990.
The people were disappointed with AFPFL,
from which many groups had been broken away
and whose members were vying with one another
for power. So, Opposition won 48 seats. It was the
ruling AFPFL that violated all possible breaches
with its motto “Whatever results come out, we must
win in the elections”. So, AFPFL could extend its
rule, winning the 1952 elections and the 1956
elections. The people considered that what
Opposition Pa-Ma-Nya-Ta members would pay
was just lip-service. So, they cast votes for the
ruling party. That was why Opposition branded the
AFPFL government the one-party dictator
government.
The elections in February 1960 were merely
a two-horse race: Stable AFPFL and Clean AFPFL.
Opposition Pa-Ma-Nya-Ta dreamt that it would
win a landslide voctory in the forthcoming elections
because the people were weary of AFPFL. Before
1960 elections, there were 119 MPs of Swe-Nyein
(Stable AFPFL) led by U Ba Swe and U Kyaw
Nyein, 83 MPs of Nu-Tin (Clean AFPFL) led by U
Nu and Thakhin Tin and 44 MPs of Opposition
Pa-Ma-Nya-Ta.
BCP (Burma Communist Party) insurgents
squeezed villages to vote for Pa-Ma-Nya-Ta in the
1960 elections. Stable AFPFL used pocket forces
especially special police force formed with
Pyusawhti militias to make threats to Opposition
members. About 10 battalion commanders in
favour of Stable AFPFL rigged the elections. U
Nu’s Clean AFPFL canvassed for votes with the
incentive that they would prescribe Buddhism as
the official religion if they won in the elections.
Stable AFPFL-back newspapers such as
Ahtauktaw, Pyi Kyaw, Mandaing and Deedok,
and Clean AFPFL-back newspapers such as Bama
Khit, Pyidaungsu and Ohwai stated news with
political bias, thus violating the press ethic. On 19
December 1959, the caretaker government of
General Ne Win dissolved the parliament, and
held pyithu hluttaw elections on 6 February, and
chamber of nationalities elections on 29 February
1960.
At the conference of battalion commanders
held in Meiktila on 9 November 1959, the-then
Commander-in-Chief General Ne Win delivered a
speech, saying that the Tatmadaw would have to be
neutral in the elections; that he issued an order on
11 the previous month to make sure that the
upcoming elections would be fair; and that the
country would go hungry if the Tatmadaw did not
follow military codes of conduct. In that way, he
reminded military commanders not to meddle in
the elections in order that the elections would be
fair. Again at Yangon conference of the security
(See page 9)

(from page 8)
council on 21 December, he ordered that all
servicemen and civil servants concerned would be
neutral.
The great majority of the people were Buddhists,
so they voted for U Nu’s Clean AFPFL in the elections
held in February 1960. The party won 159 seats;
Stable AFPFL, 42 seats; and Pa-Ma-Nya-Ta, nil
despite the participation of its 135 candidates. Leader
of Stable AFPFL (Pa-Hta-Sa) U Nu became Prime
Minister. A complaint was lodged with sound
evidences against some Socialist Party member
military commanders who rigged the elections in
favour of Stable AFPFL. General Ne Win took action
against and fired about 10 commanders led by Maj-
Gen Maung Maung and Brig-Gen Aung Shwe. In the
period of elections, six Clean AFPFL candidates were
assassinated in Ngazun, which was later known as the
Ngazun six-man murder.
In the time of the Myanmar Socialist
Programme Party from 1974 to 1988, the nation
saw elections four times. In those elections, in a
constituency, a voter has to put his vote into the
white ballot box if he favoured or into the black
ballot box if he did not favour the only candidate
nominated by the one-party government. At that
time, Socialism was popular among the people. In
some constituencies, some objection voters were
found in black ballot boxes. There were no rigging
cases nor violence in the elections.
On 27 May 1990, the Tatmadaw government
held multiparty democracy general elections. It
did not interfere in the elections at all. It practised
the ballot paper system in place of the ballot card
system in order that the elections could not be
rigged. Voters cast votes in polling booths freely
and put them into the ballot boxes. When the
voting hours were over, the cast votes were counted
before candidates in the polling stations. Election
results were recorded in front of many witnesses
and were submitted to respective commissions at
higher level. By contrast, in the time of the AFPFL
government, ballot boxes were stored for many
days in the offices of district commissioners
concerned, and only then, were the votes counted.
However, in the run-up to the 1990 elections,
BBC, VOA and All India Radio aired fabricated
broadcasts in order that the party they oppose
would not win victory. Armed insurgents also
made armed threats. And diplomats also tried to
meddle in the elections.
Election breaches were stated in publications.
Losers and opposition members complained
breaches of elections. After the elections, objection
notes were heard in line with the law, which were
featured in tribunal records.
In the referendum held in May 2008 for the
State Constitution (2008), a transparent suffrage
was exercised, which won recognition of the
diplomats who visited polling stations. As soon as
a polling station was opened, voters were invited to
check the ballot boxes in the station. Then, the
empty ballot boxes were set in clearly visible sites.
A voter had to show his Citizenship Scrutiny Card
to draw a ballot paper, enter a polling booth and put
a tick, fold the paper in half and put it into a ballot
box in front of many others. When polling hours
were over, latecomers were invited and votes were
counted before them. Then, results were recorded
and the lists were put into bags and returning
officers put their signatures on the bags, and they
were submitted to higher commissions.
The multiparty democracy general elections
were held freely and fairly on 7 November 2010.
Diplomats, representatives from UN agencies, and
2-1-1011 NL.pmd 9 1/2/2011, 4:46 AM
THE NEW LIGHT OF MYANMAR Sunday, 2 January, 2011 9
Objectives of 63rd Anniversary Independence Day
(a) All the national people to constantly join hands for ensuring the perpetuity of independence and
sovereignty of the State
(b) All the national people to collectively strive for non-disintegration of the Union and
non-disintegration of national solidarity
(c) All the national people to work in concert for building a modern, developed and discipline-
flourishing democratic new nation as the multiparty democracy general elections have been held
successfully
(d) All the national people to make collaborative efforts with the Union Spirit and the patriotic spirit
for further strengthening the already achieved stability and peace, security, prevalence of law and
order, unity, development and democratization process with momentum
(e) All the national people to have greater awareness in warding off all destructive acts to disintegrate
the Union and the national unity as the perpetuity of the Union plays a crucial role in building the
Union of Myanmar
local and foreign journalists observed and applauded Certain foreign radio stations including DVB
the voting processes. Many countries including the and RFA founded with huge funds for dissidents
ASEAN chairman and the Chinese government claimed before, during and after the elections that
praised the process. elections were not free and fair. Neo-colonialists
Many persons from neo-colonialist countries and their minions underestimated the people of
and local pessimists who claimed that the ruling Myanmar. The people remain united with the spirit
government was not a legitimate government as it of cherishing independence and nationalistic
was not a democratically-elected one persuaded the fervour in times of emergency in the national
people to oppose as well as dissuaded the people interests.
from casting votes in the elections, instead of The media foretold that votes in advance
welcoming the elections in which the people could would be the decisive factor in the election. A
vote for the candidates they favoured. The elections vote in advance is the right bestowed in line with
were organized in line with the Election Law and the law for the people who are abroad or in the
Rules based on the 2008 State Constitution. nation on duty, who are away from the constituency
In every polling station, voters could cast votes concerned, who are in hospitals, bed-ridden people,
freely and put them into the ballot boxes in visible the disabled and older persons. The election results
sites. When polling stations were opened, ballot of the Union Election Commission show that there
boxes were examined in front of voters. When polling are many votes for representatives of other parties
stations were closed, ballot boxes were opened and and for independent candidates.
votes were counted in front of the representatives of The results of the 2010 elections are the fruits
the candidates. Diplomats and journalists were given of democracy or the democratic right of the people
opportunity to observe the voting processes. to transform the nation from the rule of the
The 2008 State Constitution was formulated Tatmadaw that is taking State duties unavoidably
by the National Convention, based on the principles to the democratic government system. The previous
laid down by the representatives of the 10 legal elections were free from rigging and violence. So,
parties, representatives of seat-winning political the State Constituency will come into force soon.
parties, workers, peasants, civil servants, intellectuals The Union will perpetuate with sovereignty and
and intelligentsia, and representatives of national independence. Therefore, that is a good sign of
races from the four corners of the nation. Altogether perpetuation of independence.
98.12 percent of eligible voters cast their votes and Translation: MS
the constitution was approved with the support of
92.98 percent of the voters.
Poem:
The 2010 elections were held in 325 of the
330 Pyithu Hluttaw constituencies, accounting
for 98.48 percent, in all the 168 Amyotha Hluttaw Let’s join hands in harmony
constituencies; 661 of the 673 Region or State * In a sudden loss of mindfulness
(including nationalities) hluttaw constituencies, Country may fall under subjugation
accounting for 98.22 percent. Of over 29 million * Struggle to free from yoke
eligible voters, over 22 million (77.26%) cast Time it consumes so much
votes for Pyithu Hluttaw; over 22 million (76.78%), * Memories linger
for Amyotha Hluttaw; and 21.8 million (76.62%), Sacrificing lots of lives and blood
for Region/State Hluttaws. The validity of votes Our forefathers for years
for the three Hluttaws accounted for about 93 Enemy they drove out with valor
percent each. Despite being urged not to cast Till enemy retreated
votes in the elections, the people were dutiful for And country regained independence
democratization. * Unlike in past
Under the ultimatum of the so-called general Aliens never come and invade
secretary, a certain party claimed that it did not Only with power and influence
recognize, and opposed and objected to the State Neocolonialism they practise
Constitution and the elections held in line with the Enslavement the same old goal
constitution on 7 November 2010. It indicates that it * With own styles and norms
flagrantly disregarded the public opinion of over 25 Glorious are we Myanmars
million people who participated in the referendum, Under own sovereign rule
and that of about 22 million who participated in the Joining hands in unity
elections. In reality, they are anti-democracy elements In perpetuity country advances
because they consider that any constitution, elections Hailing the 63rd Anniversary Independence
and public opinion are not legitimate so long as they Day
come to power. Maung Sein Naung (Lewe) (Trs)