This document discusses various uncertainties in analyzing reinforced concrete structures. It notes uncertainties in the modulus of elasticity, stress distributions in beams, effects of cracking, and how material properties change over time and with stress levels. It also discusses uncertainties in determining the moment of inertia value to use for beams and slab construction, with many suggestions but recommending using the full transformed section. Finally, it states that uncertainties in physical constants have a greater effect on girders from columns than vice versa, as girders have both fixed-end and distributed moments while columns only experience distributed moments from girder loading.
This document discusses various uncertainties in analyzing reinforced concrete structures. It notes uncertainties in the modulus of elasticity, stress distributions in beams, effects of cracking, and how material properties change over time and with stress levels. It also discusses uncertainties in determining the moment of inertia value to use for beams and slab construction, with many suggestions but recommending using the full transformed section. Finally, it states that uncertainties in physical constants have a greater effect on girders from columns than vice versa, as girders have both fixed-end and distributed moments while columns only experience distributed moments from girder loading.
This document discusses various uncertainties in analyzing reinforced concrete structures. It notes uncertainties in the modulus of elasticity, stress distributions in beams, effects of cracking, and how material properties change over time and with stress levels. It also discusses uncertainties in determining the moment of inertia value to use for beams and slab construction, with many suggestions but recommending using the full transformed section. Finally, it states that uncertainties in physical constants have a greater effect on girders from columns than vice versa, as girders have both fixed-end and distributed moments while columns only experience distributed moments from girder loading.
EFFECT OF UNCERTAINTIES AS TO PHYSICAL CONSTANTS 5
We have as elements in the problem the ordinary, long-recognized
variation of the modulus of elasticity, uncertainties as to the distribu tion of stresses on plane sections in T-beams and in other cases, uncer tainties as to the location and effect of local cracking, and uncertainties introduced by the effect of time yield. We have elements of uncertainty, then, as to the exact mechanics of internal stress, we have elements of chance, and we have variation in the properties of the material with time and with stress intensity. The problem of analysis of a continuous structure now seems somewhat hopeless. The statement frequently made that structures of reinforced concrete are not truly elastic in the sense that they do not have complete elastic recovery is perfectly true and entirely immaterial. But the fact that structures of reinforced concrete are not truly elastic in the sense that we cannot predict with accuracy and certainty the exact angle change per unit of moment per unit of length from one section to another of a beam is also true and is very pertinent. What is /? Various values have been suggested for I. For rec tangular sections some use the moment of inertia of the full transformed section, some neglect the reinforcement and use 1/12-Acd2, where Ac is the total area of concrete and d is the full depth. Some have suggested
It will that the exact value is not very important, and
be seen later hence many approximations may legitimately be used. The authors recommend the moment of inertia of the full transformed section as the most satisfactory standard. The greatest uncertainty arises in determining the value of / to use for beam and slab construction. Some use the moment of inertia of the full transformed section consisting of the beam and the connecting slab for a width extending halfway to the next parallel beams. This seems the most satisfactory treatment and is recommended. Many variations have been suggested, however. Effect of Uncertainties as to Physical Constants. The effect of the girders on the columns is much greater than the effect of the columns on the girders. Moments in the girders are the sum of fixed-end mo ments and distributed moments as explained later. Fixed-end moments, though subject to some uncertainty, are quite definitely known. The column simply affects the distribution of the unbalanced moment and this unbalanced moment is only a part, and often a small part, of the total moment in the member. But in general, the column has no trans verse load and no fixed-end moment and the only moment in it is the distributed moment which comes to it as an effect of loading the girder. There is good reason to believe that the moments produced by loads on
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