LCMS – Laser Crack

Measurement System

Pavemetrics
Vision Technology for Inspection of Transportation Infrastructures

PAVEMETRICS Systems Inc.

150 Boulevard René-Lévesque Est, Suite 1820

Québec, Québec, CANADA
G1R 5B1

www.pavemetrics.com
Pavemetrics Pavemetrics product line

LCMS LRIS
- 3D Pavement Imaging - Pavement Imaging
LRMS - Pavement Rutting
- Pavement Rutting - Macro-Texture
- Pavement Cracking
- Pavement Roughness
- Road/Airport/Tunnel/Rail
Inspection

2
 Applications of Pavemetrics
Pavemetrics
Technology

Airport FOD Detection Rail Inspection

Highway Inspection
Tunnel Inspection
13 September Confidential 3
2012
Pavemetrics 200+ systems in 30+ Countries

4
Pavemetrics
LCMS Users

USA Canada
California - Caltrans MTO – Ontario (Ministry of
Utah DOT Transportation)
Kentucky DOT MTQ – Quebec (Ministry of
Kansas DOT Transportation)
Tennessee DOT Nova Scotia DOT
Nevada DOT SNC Lavalin - Qualitas
Rhode Island DOT Dessau - LVM Technisol
Illinois DOT TetraTech – EBA
Georgia Tech University
Virginia Tech Denmark, Belgium,
US Army Test Tracks Italy, Netherlands,
University Mass. Lowell Spain, Ireland,
PennDOT China, Japan,
City of Phoenix, AZ Qatar, India,
South Dakota DOT New Zealand, Australia
Sudan, Chile
Pavemetrics
Integrators

ARRB (www.arrb.com.au)
Dynatest (www.dynatest.com)
Enterinfo (www.enterinfo.com)
Euroconsult (www.euroconsult.es)
Fugro-Roadware (www.roadware.com)
ICC – (www.intlcybernetics.com)
Mandli – (www.mandli.com)
Rodeco – (www.rodeco.it)
Romdas – (www.romdas.com)
Pavemetrics
LCMS – Certified Technology

Is NOT a prototype
It is a well used and certified system.
Pavemetrics LCMS - System configuration

2m

2.2 m

4m
Pavemetrics Laser profiling (principle)
 Pavemetrics Specifications

What makes a 3D sensor very good for crack measurement?

High
Excellent 3D Acquisition
Accuracy Rate

Good Lateral Resolution

LCMS Specifications
Acquisition Rate 11,200 profiles/s
Range Accuracy 0.5mm
Lateral Resolution 1mm (FOV = 4m)
Nbr of points/sec 45 million 3D and 2D
points/s
10
Pavemetrics Image and Data Analysis

Rut
Macro-texture Rut
RANGE
Distance
between
Sensor and
ground
(in mm) Crack
Crack

INTENSITY
Laser
intensity
(black = 0,
white = 255) Right Lane
Marking

Confidential 11
Pavemetrics Range + Intensity = 3D !

12
Pavemetrics
Vision Technology for Inspection of Transportation Infrastructures
Pavemetrics
Vision Technology for Inspection of Transportation Infrastructures
Pavemetrics
Vision Technology for Inspection of Transportation Infrastructures
Pavemetrics
Vision Technology for Inspection of Transportation Infrastructures
 SOFTWARE
Pavemetrics
IS
Vision Technology for Inspection of Transportation Infrastructures

KEY !
 LCMS
Pavemetrics
Data Processing Tree
LCMS Data

3D Intensity

Low- High-
Frequency Frequency

Sealed Lane
RUTs Macrotexture Cracks Potholes Raveling
cracks markings

Other road
features:
Lane
Other lane
line
Longitudinal Alligator Transversal •Manholes markings
•Curbs condition
cracks cracks cracks
•Train rails
•Etc.

Multiple Expansion
cracks joints

18
Pavemetrics Crack Detection
Pavemetrics Edge Dropoff Detection
Pavemetrics LCMS crack detection tests
 LCMS repeatability DGA test
Pavemetrics
site – ARRB - Australia
Run 1 Run 2 Run 3 Run 4 Run 5

Eastbound r2 0.968 0.997 0.972 0.983 0.992

Westbound r2 0.994 0.992 0.929 0.992 0.992

 LCMS repeatability on a section
Pavemetrics
of sprayed seal surface (r2 =0.96)

23
 Network level testing 6000mi
Pavemetrics
Summer 2008
 Results – network level
Pavemetrics
visual evaluation
Results (manual classification)
Total
District # Number of images (10m sections) Proportion (%)
( sections)

Good Average Bad NA Good Average Bad NA

84 35288 34144 310 144 690 96,8 0,9 0,4 2,0

85 4243 4101 53 51 38 96,7 1,2 1,2 0,9

86 147903 144040 516 1520 1827 97,4 0,3 1,0 1,2

87 149926 138453 1170 5728 4575 92,3 0,8 3,8 3,1

88 189097 183010 1064 2002 3021 96,8 0,6 1,1 1,6

89 125003 121835 442 2015 711 97,5 0,4 1,6 0,6

90 123653 116930 2980 2434 1309 94,6 2,4 2,0 1,1

91 & 92 215513 213142 197 956 1218 98,9 0,1 0,4 0,6

Total 990626 955655 6732 14850 13389 96,5 0,7 1,5 1,4
Pavemetrics Pothole Detection

400 mm

70 mm

26
Pavemetrics Example
Pavemetrics Rutting (depth, width, type)

Rut Depth (per road section)

between 4.0km and 4.5km for
Osaka data
14 4375

12

10
4440

Rut Depth (mm)

Multiple Ruts 8
Depth: 13mm
6 4155

2
4240
0
4000 4100 4200 4300 4400 4500
Position (m)

Left Rut Depth (mm) Right Rut Depth (mm)

28
 MTQ validation – 100 m
Pavemetrics
intervals (48 sections)
Pavemetrics Macrotexture

30
 Macrotexture : Mean Profile
Pavemetrics
Depth (ASTM E1845-01)

Pros:
•Good correlation between MPD
and MTD.

•Network survey is possible

Cons:

•Variation in results
Human operators
Local texture variation

31
 Macrotexture : Mean Profile
Pavemetrics
Depth (ASTM E1845-01)

32
 Pavemetrics Single Road Profile (2 meter)

Distance Macro-texture
between Sensor
and ground
(in mm)

33
 Macrotexture : Sand patch
Pavemetrics
method (MTD) (ASTM E965)

34
 Macrotexture – RPI
Pavemetrics
Digital Sand Patch Method
RPI - Road Porosity Index = (Volume under the surface –
Ravelling - Cracks) divided by a surface area

Surface area (RPI) Air void content (RPI) or

or Diameter (MTD) Sand Volume (MTD)

RPI =( Volair void –Volravelling – Volcracks )

__________________________________________
AreaTotal
35
 Macrotexture – LCMS
Pavemetrics
Digital Sand Patch Method

Pros:
•Network survey is possible at
100kmh

•Full lane width is measured

•5 AASHTO bands

•Great repeatability
•Automatic lane marking
detection

36
 Macrotexture – Correlation
Pavemetrics
between MPD and RPI
MPD vs RPI

1.5
MPD (mm)

2100
3300
1
8300

0.5
r2 = 88%

0
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
RPI (mm)

37
 Macrotexture – Correlation
Pavemetrics
between MPD and RPI
MPD vs RPI

1.5
MPD (mm)

2100
3300
1
8300

0.5
r2 = 88%

0
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
RPI (mm)

38
 Macrotexture –
Pavemetrics
Results for Section 08300

Right wheel path

(10-20m)

39
 Macrotexture –
Pavemetrics
Results for Section 08300

Right wheel path

(20-30m)

40
 Repeatability – RPI
metrics
measurement
metrics Bleeding

2.0
7
Macro-texture (mm)

6
1.6
5
1.2
4
1.0
3
0.6
2
1
0.2

00
metrics Ravelling Index - RI
elling Index (RI) = The volume of aggregate loss per surface area

RI =Vaggregate loss / ATotal

metrics Aggregate loss detection
metrics Aggregate loss detection
 RI – Road test – Porous Asphalt in
metrics
the Netherlands
 Road Section #93 : Transition between
metrics
Ravelling and new pavement (Range)
metrics Road Section #155 : Raveling patch
metrics Road Section #159 : Smooth texture
metrics Road Section #231 : Raveling patch
 RavelIing Index - Repeatability
metrics
(Porous asphalt Netherlands)
metrics Concrete roads
metrics Concrete Roads
metrics Concrete Roads
metrics Joint detection and faulting
metrics IRI – Longitudinal profile

ngitudinal profile and

ernational Roughness Index (IRI)

Accelerometer
metrics UTAH DOT – Test sites
metrics
MassDOT
 Does it work?
metrics LCMS vs Surpro
IRI values calculated for 4 LCMS runs on a 400m validation test track

Run IRI Left IRI Right

(m/km) (m/km)
1 1.19 1.64
2 1.16 1.51
3 1.19 1.54
4 1.21 1.55
Mean 1.19 1.56
Standard deviation 0.02 0.06
Surpro 1.21 1.54

RI values are stable and close to the values obtained with the reference
 LCMS passes Profiler
metrics certication in PROVAL
metrics LCMS vs single point IRI
metrics
LCMS benefits

MARKINGS are used to correct profiles and compensate for driver wander.
fies certification procedures
ates the need to certify operators

X m.

X m.
metrics
Results: lane tracking

r was asked to zigzag on validation track #1 (400 m).

ation profiles computed with and without lane tracking.

With lane tracking No lane tracking

Run IRI Left IRI Right IRI Left IRI Right
(m/km) (m/km) (m/km) (m/km)
1 1.33 1.50 1.16 1.43
Reference 1.29 1.47 1.29 1.47
value
Difference 3.1% 2.0% 10.1% 2.7%
metrics
Results: IRI image (2 x 30m)
IRI (m/km)
4.5

50 4

3.5
100
Longitudinal axis (30 m)

150

2.5

200
2

250 1.5

1
300

0.5
metrics
Results: IRI image (2 x 30m)
IRI (m/km)
4.5

50 4

3.5
100
Longitudinal axis (30 m)

150

2.5

200
2

250 1.5

1
300

0.5
 Slope & Cross-slope:
metrics illustration
metrics
Road Geometry Measurement

ross slope (Cross-fall)

Super elevation
metrics Road tests - Geometry
5
4 Cross-slope
3
Cross-slope (degree)

Cross-slope (LCMS)
2
1 Cross-Slope
0
-1 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
Distance (m)
4
Slope
3

2
Slope (degree)

1 Slope (LCMS)
Slope
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
 3D Road Profile Before
metrics Geometric Corrections
 3D Road Profile After
metrics
Geometric Corrections
 3D Road Profile Before
metrics Geometric Corrections
 3D Road Profile After
metrics
Geometric Corrections
metrics Any questions ?
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