Discussions

The experiment has been done by us to achieve our objectives which are to carry out a
saponification reaction between NaOH and Et (Ac) in tubular flow reactor (TFR), to determine
the reaction rate constant and to determine the effect of residence time on the conversion in a
TFR. The reaction between NaOH and Et (Ac) is called saponification:

NaOH + Et (Ac) → NaOAc + EtOH

The sample it is known as salt (NaOAc + EtOH). In order to determine the reaction rate is by the
equation given:

K = (Vo / VTFR CAO) (X / 1-X)

From the result that we obtain, for flowrate of NaOH and Et (Ac), 300ml/min and 300ml/min
respectively, the reaction rate constant, K is 70.00 L/mol.min. For flow rate of NaOH and Et (Ac),
250ml/min and 250ml/min respectively, the reaction rate constant, K is 64.286 L/mol.min, for the
flowrate of NaOH and Et (Ac), 200ml/min and 200ml/min respectively, the reaction rate constant, K is
63.333 L/mol.min. Meanwhile, the flowrate of NaOH and Et (Ac), 150ml/min and 150ml/min
respectively, the reaction rate constant, K is 51.964 L/mol/min. Flowrate of NaOH and Et (Ac),
100ml/min and 100ml/min respectively and the reaction rate constant, K is 44.348 L/mol/min and lastly,
for flowrate of NaOH and Et (Ac), 50ml/min and 50ml/min respectively and the reaction rate constant, K
is 29.722 L/mol.min. The graph shown that it is residence time is directly proportional to the conversion,
X. Residence time is increasing when conversion is increase.

Deionizer water has been used all over in this experiment. It is because deionizer water
will not affect the conductivity of the solution. The deionizer water didn’t contain any other
substance or material, that’s why it not affects the reading of conductivity. Before taking the
value of conductivity, we must leave the value for 5 minutes and do not stop the time and it is
continuous and make sure that the value is in stable and constant at the lower value.
 Sometime the result did not accurate when the errors occur while conducting the experiment.
First, after taking the sample, immediately pour the sample into the conical flask which contains HCl to
quench the reaction. If not, the sample will react with environment and the experiment will fail. Secondly,
make sure while taking the sample, only one person are responsible to do that to avoid error. It can be
happen because when two people take the sample, one of them controls the valve and the other one taking
the measurement. It is not appropriate and not at the same time. So it will cause reading error. Thirdly,
practice the correct way to titrate to avoid error. Fourth, do not stop the timing and make sure the time is
continuously for every 5 minutes and lastly, do not stop the stirrer as when we stop the stirrer, the reaction
while stop also.
Conclusion

As a conclusion, we achieved our objectives. First objective is to determine the saponification

reaction:

NaOH + Et (Ac) → NaOAc + EtOH

Second objective is to determine the reaction rate constant, K is also achieved by the equation
given at theory. For flowrate of NaOH, 300ml/min, the reaction rate constant, K is 70.00 L/mol.min.
For flow rate of NaOH, 250ml/min, the reaction rate constant, K is 64.286 L/mol.min, for the flowrate of
NaOH, 200ml/min, the reaction rate constant, and K are 63.333 L /mol.min. Meanwhile, the flowrate of
NaOH, 150ml/min, the reaction rate constant, K is 51.964 L/mol/min. Flowrate of NaOH, 100ml/min and
the reaction rate constant, K is 44.348 L/mol/min and lastly, for flowrate of NaOH, 50ml/ and the
reaction rate constant, K is 29.722 L/mol.min. The graph shown that it is residence time is directly
proportional to the conversion, X. Residence time is increasing when conversion is increase. So the
experiment is successful.

Continous stirrer tank reactor (CSTR) is same as plug flow reactor. The titration, the sample
taken, the procedure, the reaction involve is all same with same solution are being used NaOH and
Et(Ac).