THEORY OF EQUABILITY

(1) POSTULATE – 1
Work done can be defined as the product of difference
of rest mass from moving mass of a body and the
difference of square of velocity of that moving body
from the square of velocity of light in vacuum (c=3*10 8
m/s).
Work done(w) = (m-m0)(c2-v2)
Where,
m=moving mass of a body
m0=rest mass of a body
v=velocity of that body
c=velocity of light in vacuum.
Proof: According to Einstein Special Theory of Relativity
the relativistic moving mass of a body is given by
m=m0/[1-(v2/c2)]1/2 --------------------------(1)
Differentiating both sides w.r.t to ‘t’
dm/dt = d(m0/[1-(v2/c2)]1/2)/dt
dm/dt = d(m0c/[c2-v2]1/2)/dt
dm/dt = {[c2-v2]1/2 d(m0c)/dt – m0c d([c2-
v2]1/2)/dt}/(c2-v2)
dm/dt = {0-m0c*(1/{2[c2-v2]1/2})(-2va)}/(c2-v2)
[since,m0,c are constants]
(c2-v2) dm/dt=(vacm0)/([c2-v2]1/2)
Also, [c2-v2]1/2 = (m0c)/m
(c2-v2) dm/dt = (m0cavm)/(m0c)
Multiplying both sides by dt we get
(c2-v2) dm = ma*vdt
Integrating both sides we get,

(c2-v2) dm=ma*v dt
(c2-v2)(m-m0)=mavt ----------------------------------------(2)
Now, we know f=ma and s(distance) = vt
(c2-v2) (m-m0) =f*s
We know, w=f*s
Hence,
w=(c2-v2) (m-m0)--------------------------------------------(3)

(1.1) RELATION BETWEEN RELATIVISTIC KINETIC

ENERGY WITH RELATIVISTIC WORK DONE.
The formula for relativistic Kinetic Energy of a
particle of rest mass m0 is given by
k=c2[m0/[1-(v2/c2)]1/2-m0]---------------------(4)
where k is the kinetic energy of a particle.
Now,
m=m0/[1-(v2/c2)]1/2
Where,
 m is the moving mass of the particle moving with
velocity v.

k=c2(m-m0)
 (m-m0)=k/c2 --------------------------------------(5)
we know that,
relativistic work done (w)
=(m-m0)(c2-v2)
 Putting the value of (m-m0) from equation (5) we
get
w=(k)*[1-(v2/c2)]
w=k[1-(v2/c2)]----------------------------------------(6)
(1.2) DEDUCING THE CLASSICAL EXPRESSION FOR
KINETIC ENERGY.
The formula for relativistic work done of a particle
of rest mass m0 is given by
w=(c2-v2) (m-m0)
But, m=m0/[1-(v2/c2)]1/2
Where,
m is the moving mass of the particle moving with
velocity v.
w=[m0(1-{v2/c2})-1/2-m0][c2-v2]
 w=m0[(1-{v2/c2})-1/2-1][c2-v2] ----------------------(7)
Expanding (1-{v2/c2})-1/2 by binomial theorem we get,
 (1-{v2/c2})-1/2 = 1 + (1/2)(v2/c2)+(3/8)(v4/c4)+……
For small velocities v<<c, the terms beyond (1/2)
(v2/c2) are negligible.
Then,
(1-{v2/c2})-1/2 1 + (1/2)(v2/c2)
Making this substitution in equation (7) we obtain,
w m0 [1 + (1/2)(v2/c2)-1] [c2-v2]
w (1/2)(m0v2) [(c2/c2)-(v2/c2)]
w (1/2)(m0v2)[1-( v2/c2)]
 Comparing the above expression with the equation
(6) we get,
k (1/2)(m0v2)--------------------------------(8)
which is the classical expression for the kinetic
energy.
(1.3) DEDUCING WORK-ENERGY THEOREM FROM
EQUATION (6).
In relativity, the momentum p of a particle at any
velocity v can be defined in defined as
p=mv
But, m=m0/[1-(v2/c2)]1/2
Where,
m is the moving mass of the particle moving with
velocity v.
p= m0v/[1-(v2/c2)]1/2
 now,
force(f) = dp/dt = d(m0v/[1-(v2/c2)]1/2)/dt -----(9)
the work done by force F in a displacement ds of the
body is equal to the change in the Kinetic Energy k of the
body,
dk=Fds
 putting the value of F from equation (9) we
get,
 dk= {d(m0v/[1-(v2/c2)]1/2)/dt}ds
 (c2-v2)dk=[(m0c*c2)/[c2-v2]1/2]*(dv/dt)*ds
 But, (c2-v2)1/2=(m0c)/m
 (c2-v2)dk = [(m0c*c2m)/m0c]*(ds/dt)*dv
 (c2-v2)dk = mc2*vdv
 Integrating both sides we get,
 (c2-v2) ∫dk=mc2 vdv
 (c2-v2)k=mc2[(v2-u2)/2]
 [(c2-v2)k]/c2 = (1/2)m[v2-u2]---------------(10)
 Since, the particle starts from rest so u=0 and
w=(k)*[1-(v2/c2)]
w=(1/2)mv2---------------------------------------------(11)
(2) POSTULATE – 2
The Gravitational Force between two particles at
rest separated by a distance from each other is
equal to the Gravitational Force between that two
particles moving with equal and uniform velocity
keeping the distance same between them.
(Gm0m’0)/r2 = [(Gmm’)/r2] [1-(v2/c2)]
Where
m0=Rest mass of first particle.
m’0=Rest mass of second particle.
m=Moving mass of first particle.
m’=Moving mass of second particle.
r=Distance between the two particles.
G=Gravitational Constant.
v=Velocity of both the particles.
c=Velocity if light in vacuum.
Proof:- According to Newton’s Law Of Gravitation
F=(Gm0m’0)/r2----------------------------------(12)
Now,
m0=m[1-(v2/c2)]1/2
m’0=m’[1-(v2/c2)]1/2
putting the value of m0 and m’0 in equation (12)
we get,
F=[(Gmm’)/r2] {[1-(v2/c2)]1/2}2
 F=[(Gmm’)/r2] [1-(v2/c2)]-----------------------(13)
Hence,
(Gm0m’0)/r2 = [(Gmm’)/r2] [1-(v2/c2)] [proved]
Equation (13) can also be said as the formula to find
relativistic Gravitational Forces.
For example:-
Two particles A and B has rest mass of 20 kg and 30
kg separated by a distance 10m. Suddenly, both of
them started to move with a velocity 2*108m/s.
Verify the theory of equability in this case.
m0 of A=20kg m’0 of B=30kg
r=10m
m of A=26.8 kg m’ of B=40.2kg
F=6G F’=5.9G=6G
Hence,
The theory of equability is Verified.