Questions 1 to 7 are based on the following passage

1 For all Britain’s hard work to boost organ donation, around 1000 people die each year for lack of a
transplant. The active waiting list numbers more than 7600, and 10,000 may be a fairer reflection of
the need. As hypertension, obesity and the miracles of modern medicine proliferate, that gap is likely
to increase- unless donation rates rise drastically. Deceased donors are twice as numerous in Spain as
in Britain, per million people ( Figure 1 ) . Even the European Union ( EU ) average is higher . Britain 5
does better when living donors are included, dead donors are more useful because they can part with
a wider range of organs. Why the difference ?

Figure 1 : Organ donor rate per million population, 2010

Spain

Portugal

United States

France

Norway Living *
Deceased
Britain

Germany

Sweden

Greece

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
 Kidney and liver transplants
For many , the answer lies in Britain’s “ opt-in” regime of informed consent. A potential donor has to
signal his intent by enrolling on an official Organ Donor Register. Though 90 per cent of Britons say
they approve of donation, only 30 per cent have signed up. Spain, and most EU members, have instead
embraced some form of presumed consent, in which everyone is assumed to be a donor unless he 10
expressly “ opt out “. This week the British Medical Association ( BMA ) , which represents doctors,
urged switching systems.

Even if the 50 per cent target is met, the number of people who need transplants will still greatly
exceed the number of organs available. So, the BMA thinks more controversial measures should be
debated. These include taking hearts from dead newborns, using organs from higher risk donors and 15
putting dying patients on a ventilator to retrieve organs later. A sustained public information campaign
, plus an expansion of medical specialists and intensive-care capacity, might do the job while raising
fewer problems.

1. Most people who require organ transplant are obese and suffer from hypertension.
A. True B. False C. Not Stated

2. More organs are now required due to medical achievements.

A. True B. False C. Not Stated

3. In Figure 1, although Spain and Norway have almost the same number of organ donors, Spain is in a
better position than Norway in terms of availability of organs.
A. True B. False C. Not Stated
4. A Spaniard is assumed to have given his consent for organ donation unless he has opted out of the
system.
A. True B. False C. Not Stated

5. A country with more deceased donors will have more organs available for transplant.
A. True B. False C. Not Stated

6. To meet the 50 per cent target, Britain is implementing extreme methods to obtain organs.
A. True B. False C. Not Stated

7. Britain has replaced the “ opt-in “ with the “ opt-out” organ donation system.
A. True B. False C. Not Stated