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 sarCevi
I Tavi
organizmi mTlianobaa

1.1 adamianis organizmi mTlianobaa.............................................................................. 8

1.2 ConCxi..........................................................................................................................10
1.3 Zvlebis SeerTeba, kunTebi........................................................................................12
1.4 sisxli - „sicocxlis mdinare”................................................................................. 14
1.5 -1.6 sunTqva............................................................................................................... 16
1.7 kveba. saWmlis moneleba piris RruSi..................................................................... 18
1.8 -1.9 saWmlis moneleba kuWsa da nawlavebSi........................................................... 20
1.10 -1.11 rogor aviciloT Tavidan saWmlis momnelebeli
sistemis daavadebebi?..................................................................................................... 22
1.12 Tirkmelebi............................................................................................................... 24
1.13 kani .......................................................................................................................... 26
1.14 grZnobaTa organoebi, Tavis tvini.........................................................................28
Seamowme Seni codna.......................................................................................................................................... 30

II Tavi
adamianis janmrTelobaze sxvadasxva faqtoris gavlena

2.1 mikroorganizmebi da maTi gavlena adamianis cxovrebaze.................................... 32

2.2 mikroorganizmebiT gamowveuli daavadebebi...........................................................34
2.3 rogor davicvaT Tavi mavne mikroorganizmebisgan?................................................36
2.4 rogori garemo uqmnis safrTxes Cvens janmrTelobas?........................................38
2.5 -2.6 gavufrTxildeT janmrTelobas........................................................................40
2.7 -2.8 Tambaqosa da narkotikebis gavlena adamianis organizmze............................42
2.9 -2.10 jansaRi kveba.....................................................................................................44
2.11 SevadginoT Cveni kvebis racioni............................................................................46
2.12 sakvebi produqtebis SerCeva da Senaxva................................................................48
2.13 pirveladi samedicino daxmareba.......................................................................... 50
2.14 infeqciuri daavadebebi, romlebmac kacobriobis istoriaSi didi
kvali datova....................................................................................................................52
Seamowme Seni codna.......................................................................................................................................... 54

III Tavi
energia

3.1 energia........................................................................................................................56
3.2 energiis saxeebi........................................................................................................ 58
3.3 -3.4 energiis wyaroebi...............................................................................................60
3.5 energiis gardaqmna.....................................................................................................62

3
 3.6 -3.7 energiis gadacema...............................................................................................64
3.8 - 3.9 navTobi - energiis araganaxlebadi wyaro......................................................66
3.10 energiis ganaxlebadi da araganaxlebadi wyaroebi..............................................68
3.11 energiis wyaroebi da maT mier gamowveuli safrTxeebi.................................... 70
3.12 energiis alternatiuli wyaroebi........................................................................ 72
3.13 energiis alternatiuli wyaroebi (gagrZeleba)................................................... 74
3.14 gza did aRmoCenebamde............................................................................................76
Seamowme Seni codna.......................................................................................................................................... 78

IV Tavi
nivTiereba da misi Tvisebebi

4.1 nivTierebebi da maTi Tvisebebi............................................................................... 80

4.2 nivTierebebi yofa-cxovrebaSi.................................................................................82
4.3 - 4.4 xelovnuri da sinTezuri nivTierebebi yofa-cxovrebaSi............................ 84
4.5 nivTierebebi myar, Txevad da airad agregatul mdgomareobaSi..........................86
4.6 - 4.7 nivTierebebis agregatuli mdgomareobis cvlileba.................................... 88
4.8 rogor SevucvaloT nivTierebebs agregatuli mdgomareoba?............................. 90
4.9 nivTierebebis SekumSva da gafarToeba...................................................................92
4.10 nivTierebebi da cocxali samyaro.........................................................................94
4.11 nivTierebebis fizikuri Tvisebebi da fizikuri cvlilebebi............................ 96
4.12 nivTierebebis qimiuri cvlilebebi........................................................................98
4.13 - 4.14 narCenebis marTva........................................................................................ 100
Seamowme Seni codna........................................................................................................................................ 102

4
 pirobiTi niSnebi

individualuri samuSao

an

individualuri samuSao

wyvilebSi samuSao

jgufuri samuSao

eqsperimenti

dafiqrdi

daimaxsovre

internet resursi

QR kodebidan pirdapir bmulze gadasvla SesaZlebelia smartfoniTa da

planSetiT (CamotvirTeT programa _ QR Code reader)

5
6
 I Tavi

organizmi mTlianobaa

ras Seiswavli:

adamianis organoebi SeTanxmebulad moqmedeben.

ConCxi warmoadgens sxeulis sayrdens da gvexmareba
moZraobaSi.
Zvlebis SeerTebis sxvadasxva formas, kunTebis
mniSvnelobas.
sisxli ,,sicocxlis mdinarea”.
filtvebsa da sisxls Soris icvleba airebi.
saWmlis monelebas piris RruSi, kuWsa da nawlavebSi.
rogor SeiZleba saWmlis momnelebeli sistemis
daavadebebis Tavidan acileba.
Tirkmelebis agebulebasa da funqcionirebas.
kanis mniSvnelobasa da mis funqciebs.
grZnobaTa organoebs, Tavis tvinis mniSvnelobas
organoTa SeTanxmebul muSaobaSi.

7
 1.1 adamianis organizmi mTlianobaa

ras adamianis organoebs sxvadasxva daniSnuleba aqvs.

Seiswavli: isini SeTanxmebulad moqmedeben.

rogor fiqrob, ratom unda icnobde sakuTar

organizms?
sakvanZo
sityvebi: adamianis sxeuli uamravi nawilisgan Sedgeba. TiToeu-
li maTgani garkveul funqcias asrulebs. organoa sxeu-
organo, lis nawili, romelsac garkveuli forma, agebuleba, mde-
organizmis bareoba da daniSnuleba aqvs.
mTlianoba. organoebia: kuWi, nawlavebi, Tvali, yuri, guli, filtvi
da a. S. yvela organo garkveul funqcias asrulebs.
kuWi monawileobs saWmlis monelebaSi, Tirkmelebi fil-
travs sisxls, kunTebis saSualebiT vmoZraobT.
sxeulSi mdebareobis mixedviT gamoyofen Sinagan da
garegan organoebs. magaliTad, RviZli, Tirkmeli, kuWi _
Sinagani organoebia, Tvali, yuri ki _ garegani organoebi.

rogor fiqrob, ratom aris mniSvnelovani

adamianisTvis moZraoba?

organoebi erTiandebian ama Tu im samuSaos Sesasruleb-

ConCxi da kunTovani qsovili
lad. sakvebis gadamuSavebasa da SeTvisebaSi kuWi da naw-
lavebi gvexmareba. kunTebi da Zvlebi qmnian organizmis
sayrdens da uzrunvelyofs sxeulis moZraobas. guli
Tavis tvini
ganapirobebs sisxlZarRvebSi sisxlis mimoqcevas. sisx-
filtvi ls sakvebi nivTierebebi da Jangbadi gadaaqvs organizmSi.
Jangbads filtvebis saSualebiT viRebT.
Tvali, yuri da sxva grZnobaTa organoebi adamians ex-
guli mareba garemos SecnobaSi. Tavis tvini, zurgis tvini,
RviZli nervebi monawileobs organoebis muSaobis marTvaSi.
kuWi organoebi SeTanxmebulad muSaobs, swored amitom or-
wvrili ganizmi mTlianobaa.
nawlavi
msxvili nawlavi

adamianis organoebi

8
me ukve vici da SemiZlia:

ganvmarto, ra aris organo;

davasaxelo Sinagani da garegani organoebi;
Camovayalibo mosazreba, rom organoebi SeTanxmebulad moqmedeben;
vimsjelo, rom organizmi mTlianobaa.

upasuxe SekiTxvebs:

1. ra mniSvneloba aqvs ConCxs?

2. ratom aris saSiSi gulis dazianeba?
3. ra ganapirobebs organizmis mTlianobas?
4. daakvirdi suraTs, amoicani organo da daasaxele misi funqcia.

gadaixaze cxrili rveulSi, yuradRebiT waikiTxe CamonaTvali. Seavse cxrili:

davalebis Sesrulebisas gaiTvaliswine cxrilSi mocemuli nimuSi.

daajgufe organoebi organizmSi mdebareobis mixedviT:

cxviri, xeli, guli, Tirkmeli, xerxemali, filtvi, yuri,
Tvali, Tavis tvini, nawlavebi.

garegani organo Sinagani organo

xeli filtvi

aqtivoba _ organoebi

gakveTilze ganxiluli organoebidan airCieT erTi;

Tabaxis furcelze daxateT es organo;
jgufSi imsjeleT, ra iciT am organos Sesaxeb;
moifiqreT, ra mniSvneloba aqvs am organos adamianis organizmisTvis;
waradgineT momzadebuli masala klasis winaSe.

9
 1.2 ConCxi

ras Zvlebi qmnian ConCxs, romelic saimedod icavs organoebs

Seiswavli: dazianebisgan. ConCxi warmoadgens sxeulis sayrdens da
gvexmareba moZraobaSi.

rogor fiqrob, ratom girCeven ufrosebi rZisa da

sakvanZo rZis produqtebis miRebas?
sityvebi:
Sens Sinagan organoebs dacva esaWiroeba, amaSi ki Zvlebi
ConCxi, did rols asrulebs. Zvals simagrisTvis sWirdeba kalci-
kalciumi. umi, romelic rZis produqtebSi didi raodenobiTaa.
Tu ginda, rom magari Zvlebi gqondes, rZis produqtebi
aucileblad unda miiRo. Zvlebs aseve aZlierebs fiziku-
ri varjiSi, sirbili, curva.
Zvlebis erTianobas ConCxs uwodeben. ConCxi sxeulis
sayrdenia. igi SeiZleba SevadaroT samSeneblo karkass,
romelsac eyrdnoba Senoba. is kunTebTan erTad sxeulis
moZraobaSic monawileobs. ZvlebSi kalciumis maragi in-
Tavis qala axeba.
ConCxi ramdenime nawilisgan Sedgeba: Tavis qala, tanis
ConCxi, kidurebis ConCxi.
Tavis qala saimedod icavs Tavis tvins.
gvaCvene, ra saxis moZraobis Sesruleba SegiZlia
xelebiT.
xerxemali
igi patara Zvlebisgan, malebisgan, Sedgeba. xerxemalSi
zurgis tvinia daculi. neknebi kunTebTan erTad gulsa
da filtvebs icavs.
ConCxi
kidurebi Sedgeba uamravi Zvlisgan, romlebic sxvadasxva-
gvar moZraobas asrulebs.
Zvlebi Zlieri da moqnilia. did datvirTvas uZlebs.
zogjer uxerxulma moZraobam SesaZloa Zvlis motexiloba
gamoiwvios. sabednierod, Zvali cocxalia. mas Sexorceba
SeuZlia. bavSvobis asakSi motexiloba advilad mTeldeba,
vidre xandazmulobisas.
daimaxsovre: qimiuri elementi kalciumi adamianis, cxo-
velis Zvlebisa da kbilebis SemadgenlobaSi aucilebeli
elementia. kalciumi didi raodenobiTaa rZis nawarmsa da
dazianebuli kiduri kvercxis naWuWSi.

10
 minda meti vicode
motexilobis dros unda SegeZlos pirveladi daxmarebis
gaweva. Zvlebi ar unda moZraobdes, radgan SeiZleba kun-
Tebi, sisxlZarRvebi daazianos. amitom motexil kidurze,
mTel sigrZeze, sqeli muyao an ficari (artaSani) unda daa-
do. gamoiyene samedicino binti da mWidrod gadaaxvie da-
zianebul adgils.
amis Semdeg eqims unda mimarTo. gatexili Zvlis nawilebs
eqimi daafiqsirebs Tavis adgilas, rom Zvali sworad Se-
TabaSirSi Casmuli kiduri
xorcdes. Zvlebma rom ar imoZraos, travmirebul adgils
TabaSirSi svamen.

me ukve vici da SemiZlia:

ganvmarto, ra aris ConCxi;
davasaxelo, Tu ra nawilebisgan Sedgeba ConCxi;
davasaxelo ConCxis funqciebi;
vimsjelo, ra saxis sakvebi mWirdeba, rom magari Zvlebi mqondes.

upasuxe SekiTxvebs:

1. ratom gvirCeven eqimebi fizikur varjiSs?

2. ra icavs Tavis tvins, gulsa da filtvebs dazianebisagan?

gadaixaze cxrili rveulSi, yuradRebiT waikiTxe CamonaTvali da Sesa-

bamis ujraSi dasvi niSani ,,X”.

WeSmariti mcdari
Zvlis motexiloba SeuZlebelia.
kidurebi ramdenime Zvlisgan Sedgeba.
bavSvobis asakSi motexiloba advilad mTeldeba.
Zvals simagres rkina aniWebs.

aqtivoba _ kvercxis naWuWi

WiqaSi Caasxi Zmari da moaTavse SigniT umi kver-

cxi. gamoTqvi varaudi da CainiSne. ori dRis Sem-
deg daakvirdi Sedegs. gamoitane daskvna.

ratom gvirCeven ufrosebi rZis nawarmis miRebas?

naWuWiani kvercxi da naWuWis gareSe

11
 1.3 Zvlebis SeerTeba
kunTebi

ras Zvlebis SeerTebis sxvadasxva formas, kunTebis mniSvnelobas.

Seiswavli:
SegiZlia CamoTvalo, romeli ZvlebiT SegiZlia
moZraoba? yvela Zvali moZraobs?
sakvanZo Zvlebis SeerTeba
sityvebi:
Zvlebi erTmaneTs moZravad, naxevradmoZravad an uZra-
xerxemali, vad uerTdeba. Zvlebis moZrav SeerTebas saxsari hqvia. sax-
saxsari, sars ori Zvali qmnis. erT Zvalze fosoa, romelSic meore
myesi. Zvlis Tavi jdeba. orive Zvlis zedapiri xrtiliTaa da-
faruli da prialaa. es Zvlebis moZraobas aadvilebs. Sens
organizmSi uamravi saxsaria: qveda ybis, mxris, idayvis,
muxlis, majis, TiTebis da sxva.
saxsrebi erTmaneTisgan formiT gansxvavdeba. maTi dax-
marebiT sxvadasxvagvari moZraobis Sesrulebaa SesaZle-
beli. magaliTad, barZayis saxsari isea agebuli, rom fexi
yvela mimarTulebiT SegiZlia atrialo, muxls ki mxolod
moxra-gaSla SeuZlia.
Tavis qalas Zvlebi uZravadaa SeerTebuli. moZravia mxo-
lod qveda yba.

Seni azriT, ra mniSvneloba aqvs Tavis qalas Zvlebis

uZrav SeerTebas? qveda ybis moZrav SeerTebas?
barZayis saxsari
xerxemlis malebs Soris xrtilovani firfitebia. isini
erTmaneTTan naxevradmoZravadaa SeerTebuli, amitom xer-
xemali moqnilia.

moifiqre, ra ganapirobebs Zvlebis moqnilobasa da

simtkices?

kunTebi
Zvlebs kunTebi amoZravebs. ConCxis kunTebi Zvlebs myesebiT
emagreba. kunTebis saSualebiT SegiZlia gaiRimo, daReWo
sakvebi, isaubro, iaro. roca dadixar, darbixar, cekvav, iye-
neb asobiT kunTs, romlebic SeTanxmebulad muSaoben. maTi
moZraoba Sens nebas emorCileba. SegiZlia adge da dajde,
Tvalebi daaxamxamo, fexi moxaro, gaSalo da a.S.
xerxemali

12
 kunTebi nawlavebSi, gulSi, sisxlZarRvebSic gvxvdeba,
Tumca maTi muSaoba Sens nebaze ar aris damokidebuli.
fizikuri datvirTvis Sedegad adamianis ConCxi da kun-
Tebi moqnili da Zlieri xdeba. gvian iRlebi. izrdeba am-
tanoba, amitom tanvarjiSi, fexburTisa da kalaTburTis
TamaSi, curva, cekva, velosipediT siaruli Zalian sa-
sargebloa Seni janmrTelobisTvis.

daimaxsovre: sportuli aqtivobebi mniSvnelovania Zvle-

bis gasamagreblad. eqimebis azriT, yvelaze sasargeblo adamiani, moZraoba kunTebiT
sporti bavSvebisTvis _ curvaa. misi Seswavla sicocxlis
pirvelive Tveebidan SeiZleba. is aviTarebs kunTebs da
xels uwyobs ConCxis swor Camoyalibebas. amasTan erTad,
ukve arsebuli problemebis SemsubuqebaSic exmareba mo-
zards.

me ukve vici da SemiZlia:

saxsrebis dasaxeleba;
saxsris agebulebis aRwera;
vimsjelo, rom kunTebis gareSe ver vimoZravebT;
davasabuTo fizikuri varjiSis mniSvneloba janmrTelobisTvis.

aqtivoba _ Zvlis modelis Seqmna

saWiro masala: feradi furceli, wvenis Cxirebi, skoCi, qaRaldis webo da sasurve-
lis makratelic.
mimdinareoba: ganalage wvenis Cxirebi qaRaldze. makratlis saSualebiT qaRalds
mieci iseTi sigrZe da sigane, rom masze mTlianad ganlagdes wvenis Cxirebi, rogorc
meore suraTzea naCvenebi. mSrali webos gamoyenebiT Seecade daakra Cxirebi erTmane-
Tis Tanmimdevrulad. zemodan daakari skoCi, rogorc mesame suraTzea mocemuli da
gadaaxvie. daakvirdi meoTxe suraTs da gaimeore moqmedeba. es ukve Zvlis modelia.

1 2 3 4 5

13
 1.4 sisxli - „sicocxlis mdinare”

ras guli tumbos rols asrulebs. sisxli moZraobs sisxlZarRvebSi.

Seiswavli: sisxli ,,sicocxlis mdinarea”.

rogor fiqrob, ratom uwodeben sisxls ,,sicocxlis

mdinares?”
sakvanZo
sityvebi: am kiTxvas rom upasuxo, warmoidgine iseTi adgili, sadac
ar aris gza. am mxareSi miedineba mdinare, romelic adamia-
guli, sisxli,
nebs erTmaneTTan da garemosTan akavSirebs. mdinares miaqvs
sisxlZarRve-
maTTan yvela saWiro nivTiereba: wyali, sakvebi, sawvavi.
bi, pulsi.
sisxli SeiZleba Seadaro mdinares, romelic sxvadasxva
aucilebeli nivTierebiT amaragebs yvela organos. guli-
dan gamosvlis Semdeg sisxli milebis _ sisxlZarRvebis sa-
SualebiT moivlis mTel organizms. filtvebidan Jangbads
wamoiRebs, nawlavebidan _ sakvebs da yvela organos miaw-
vdis. TirkmelebSi gavlisas usargeblo narCenebisgan Tav-
isufldeba. sisxli aseve gvexmareba mikrobebTan brZolaSi.
sisxlis funqciebia:
satransporto: organizms amaragebs sakvebi nivTiere-
bebiTa da JangbadiT;
aTavisuflebs uvargisi nivTierebebisgan.
damcvelobiTi: gvicavs mikrobebisgan.
guli kunTovani organoa. igi Sedgeba oTxi ganyofilebi-
sagan. marcxena nawilSi yovelTvis JangbadiT mdidari
sisxli gvxvdeba, xolo gulis marjvena nawilSi – nax-
SirorJangiT mdidari. guli ikumSeba da sisxls sisxl-
ZarRvebSi gadatumbavs.
sisxlZarRvebi sami saxisaa: kapilarebi, venebi da arte-
riebi. kapilarebi Txeli sisxlZarRvebia, romlebic ito-
teba organoebSi da qsels warmoqmnis. arteriebi da venebi
msxvili sisxlZarRvebia. arteriebs sisxli gulidan ga-
moaqvs, venebs sisxli gulSi Seaqvs. yvelaze did arterias
aorta ewodeba.
guli da sisxlZarRvebi

rogor fiqrob, adamianis guliscema yovelTvis

erTnairia? pasuxi daasabuTe.

14
 mSvid mdgomareobaSi zrdasruli adamianis gulisce-
ma wuTSi 70 dartymaa. fizikuri datvirTvis dros or-
ganizms meti Jangbadi esaWiroeba. sisxls filtvebidan,
romelsac Semoxveuli aqvs kapilarebi, Jangbadi miaqvs
daniSnul kunTebamde, amitom guliscema da sunTqvis six-
Sire izrdeba. rodesac gulidan gamosrolili sisxli
sisxlZarRvebis kedlebs ejaxeba, es talRa vrceldeba da
Sen SeigrZnob kanTan axlos mdebare sisxlZarRvebSi. Tu
majis Sida mxares TiTebs daideb, SegiZlia gaigo pul-
si, romlis sixSiris daTvliT Sens guliscemas daiTvli.
guliscemis mosmena stetoskopiTac SeiZleba. stetoskopi

me ukve vici da SemiZlia:

davasaxelo sisxlis funqciebi;
avxsna, ratom uwodeben sisxls ,,sicocxlis mdinares”;
davasaxelo sisxlZarRvebi;
davTvalo guliscema da pulsi.

upasuxe SekiTxvebs:

1. ipove suraTze guli da aRwere misi mdebareoba.

romel organoebs Soris mdebareobs guli?
2. imsjele, ratom aris saSiSi adamianis janmrTe-
lobisTvis gulis dazianeba?

gul-mkerdis Rru

aqtivoba _ pulsi

• gainawileT rolebi. erTi iqneba cdis obieqti, meore _ eqsperimentatori.

• eqsperimentatorma daTvalos 1wT-is ganmavlobaSi mewyvilis pulsi mSvid
mdgomareobaSi. oci buqnis Semdeg kvlav 1wT-is ganmavlobaSi daTvalos
misi pulsi. SeadareT Sedegebi.
• monacemebi Seitane rveulSi gadaxazul cxrilSi. Semdeg rolebi SecvaleT
da cda gaimeoreT.

mSvid mdgomareobaSi fizikuri datvirTvis Semdeg

pulsi 69 130

axseniT Sedegebi. moiyvaneT argumentebi.

15
1.5-1.6 sunTqva

organizms JangbadiT filtvebi amaragebs.

ras
Seiswavli: filtvebsa da sisxls Soris icvleba airebi.

gifiqria, ratom sWirdeba Sens organizms Jangbadi?

sakvanZo adamianis organizms energia esaWiroeba. Cvens organizms
sityvebi:
energiiT sakvebi amaragebs. sakvebidan adamianis organizm-
filtvebi, ma energia rom miiRos, mas amisTvis esaWiroeba Jangbadi.
airTa cvla, JangbadiT sunTqvis organoebi gvamaragebs. sunTqvis ga-
alveoli. reSe adamians mxolod ramdenime wuTi SeuZlia icocxlos.

axla visaubroT, rogor xvdeba Jangbadi Sens organizmSi.

haeri Tavdapirvelad cxvirSi xvdeba. iq teniandeba, Tbe-
ba da ifiltreba mikroorganizmebisa da ucxo nawilake-
bisagan. gasufTavebuli haeri haergamtar gzas gaivlis da
filtvebSi xvdeba. sasunTq gzebSi ucxo nawilakebis mox-
vedra ceminebas an xvelas iwvevs. es xels uwyobs sasun-
Tqi gzebis gasufTavebas.
cxviris Rrus mere haeri xvdeba cxvir-xaxaSi, Semdeg
xorxsa da traqeaSi, traqeidan gadadis bronqebSi, bron-
qebi marcxena da marjvena filtvebSi Sedis da itoteba
bronqiolebad.
filtvebi sunTqvis organoebia. isini gulmkerdis Rru-
filtvebi
Si mdebareobs. filtvebi uamravi patara Txelkedliani
buStukisgan _ alveolisgan Sedgeba. alveolebs Semox-
veuli aqvs kapilarebi. CasunTqvisas filtvis buStukebSi
JangbadiT mdidari haeri xvdeba. filtvis buStukebsa da
kapilarebs Soris icvleba airebi. sisxlidan naxSirorJan-
gi filtvis buStukebSi gadadis, xolo Jangbadi – sisx-
lSi. filtvebSi moxvedril naxSirorJangs amovisunTqavT,
sisxls ki Jangbadi miaqvs sxva organoebisTvis.
fizikuri datvirTvisas adamians meti energia esaWiroe-
ba, amitom organoebi SeTanxmebulad moqmedebs, gulisce-
ma da sunTqva xSirdeba. filtvebs meti sisxli miewodeba.
icvleba airebi. xSirdeba gulis cema. kunTebi sisxlis meS-
veobiT met Jangbads iRebs. energiis gamomuSaveba izrde-
ba.
sasunTqi sistema

16
 me ukve vici da SemiZlia:
suraTze filtvebis amocnoba;
rogor xvdeba Jangbadi organoebamde;
vimsjelo filtvebis daniSnulebaze;
ratom xSirdeba sunTqva da guliscema fizikuri datvirTvisas.

upasuxe SekiTxvebs:

1. suraTze xedav, rom marcxena filtvi ufro mcire

zomisaa, vidre marjvena. rogor fiqrob, ratom?
2. rogor icvleba filtvebisa da gulis muSaoba sir-
bilis dros?
3. eqimebi gvirCeven, visunTqoT cxviriT da ara pir-
iT. rogor fiqrob, ratom?
filtvebi

gadaixaze cxrili rveulSi, yuradRebiT waikiTxe CamonaTvali da Sesabamis

ujraSi dasvi niSani ,,X”.

WeSmariti mcdari

filtvebSi icvleba airebi.

sisxlidan filtvebSi Jangbadi gadadis.

cxvirSi haeri teniandeba, Tbeba da ifiltreba.

fizikuri datvirTvisas guliscema ar icvleba.

aqtivoba _ organoebis SeTanxmebuli muSaoba

gamoiyeneT Tabaxis furclebi an flifCarti. moifiqreT iseTi situaciuri

magaliTi, roca muSaobaSi CarTulia ori an meti organo. axseniT, ratom
aris aucilebeli am organoebis SeTanxmebuli muSaoba. SegiZliaT daxatoT
ramdenime organo, gaaformeT namuSevari da warudgineT Tanaklaselebs.

aqtivoba _ sasunTqi sistema

uyure videos. Semdeg videos gamourTe xma. Seecade, auxsna Tanaklaselebs

sasunTqi sistemis moqmedeba videos daxmarebiT.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FBxbPnkxE64

17
 1.7 kveba. saWmlis moneleba
piris RruSi

ras kvebis mniSvnelobas, saWmlis monelebas piris RruSi,

Seiswavli: kbilebis agebulebasa da mniSvnelobas.

organizms zrda-ganviTarebisTvis samSeneblo masala es-

aWiroeba. am mizniT igi sakvebs iyenebs. sakvebi organizms
sakvanZo energiiTac amaragebs.
sityvebi: adamians mravalferovani sakvebi esaWiroeba, romelic
saWmlis unda Seicavdes vitaminebs, mineralebs, cilebs, cximebs,
moneleba, naxSirwylebsa da sxva nivTierebebs. saWmlis momneleb-
kariesi. el sistemaSi cilebi, cximebi, naxSirwylebi ufro mcire
naerTebad iSleba. sasargeblo nivTierebebi Seiwoveba,
uvargisi ki sxeulis gareT gamoidevneba. am process saWm-
lis moneleba ewodeba.
sakvebi Tavdapirvelad piris RruSi xvdeba. kbilebi
sakvebis mokbeCasa da daqucmacebaSi gvexmareba.

rogor fiqrob, ratom gansxvavdeba kbilebi formiTa

da zomiT erTmaneTisgan?

Tavdapirvelad pataras sarZeve kbilebi 6-8 Tvis asakidan

amosdis, daaxloebiT sam wlamde. am asakisTvis mas aqvs 20
sarZeve kbili. es sarZeve kbilebi Canacvldeba mudmivi
kbilebiT. zrdasrul adamians 32 kbili aqvs. yvelaze bo-
los sibrZnis kbilebi amodis. adamiani kbilebs erTxel
icvlis, amitom kbilebs movla sWirdeba.
kbilis agebuleba
ratomaa kbilebi sxvadasxva formis?

kbilebis forma gansxvavebulia. maTi forma Sesasruleb-

el funqcias Seesabameba. ganasxvaveben: mWrelebs, eSvebs,
mcire da did ZiriTad kbilebs. mWrelebisa da eSvebis
daniSnuleba sakvebis mokbeCaa. mcire da did ZiriTad
kbilebs farTo zedapiri aqvs. maTi daxmarebiT sakvebs
vaqucmacebT.
kbili fesvis, yelisa da gvirgvinisgan Sedgeba. fesviT
kbili kbilbudeSi zis. gvirgvini dafarulia magari minan-
qriT, romelic kbils icavs mikrobebis SeWrisagan. kbilis
adamianis kbilebi
SigniT sisxlZarRvebi da nervebia moTavsebuli.

18
 daimaxsovre: piris RruSi arsebuli narCenebis daSli-
sas mikrobebi gamoyofen mJavebs, romlebic Slis minanqars
da azianebs kbils. am movlenas uwodeben kariess. am dros
stomatologis daxmareba aucilebelia. es procesi Zalian
mtkivneulia. gansakuTrebiT tkbileuli, gamagrilebeli
sasmelebi, Saqari, kanfetebi da xilis wvenebi moqmedebs
kbilis emalze da iwvevs mis lpobas.

rogor unda moiqce, lamazi da magari kbilebi

rom gqondes?

daimaxsovre: kbilebs movla sWirdeba. ar dagaviwydes,

aucilebelia maTi gaxexva dReSi orjer.
slogani: janmrTeli kbilebi adamianis janmrTelobaa. ena
piris RruSi moxvedrili sakvebi kbilebiT qucmacde-
ba, nerwyviT sveldeba. ena gvexmareba gemos aRqmaSi, luk-
mis gadaadgilebaSi. nerwyvi Seicavs nivTierebebs_fer-
mentebs, romlebic sakvebSi arsebul naxSirwylebs Slis
mcire naerTebad. piris RruSi mimdinareobs sakvebis meqa-
nikuri damuSaveba. yalibdeba lukma, romelic saylapav
milSi Casrialdeba da kuWSi xvdeba.

me ukve vici da SemiZlia:

ganvmarto, ra aris saWmlis moneleba;
vimsjelo, ra mosdis sakvebs pirs RruSi;
avxsna, ratom gansxvavdeba kbilebi formiTa da zomiT erTmaneTisgan;
rogor movuaro kbilebs.

gadaiwere rveulSi winadadebebi da Casvi gamotovebuli sityvebi:

a) kbilis gvirgvini dafarulia --------------------------------.

b) sakvebis gemos aRqmaSi ------------------------------- gvexmareba.
g) Tavdapirvelad bavSvs ------------------------------ kbilebi amosdis.

aqtivoba _ kbilebis dacva

moifiqreT slogani Temaze – kbilebis dacva. imuSaveT wyvilebSi da slo-

gani dawereT Tabaxis furcelze, SegiZliaT gaaformoT, warudginoT klass
da gamoakraT saklaso oTaxSi.

19
1.8-1.9 saWmlis moneleba kuWsa
da nawlavebSi

saWmlis monelebas kuWsa da nawlavebSi, aseve RviZlis

ras funqciebs.
Seiswavli:
gifiqria, ratom girCeven ufrosebi, rom sakvebi
kargad daReWo? Seni azriT, sad mdebareobs kuWi?
sakvanZo
sityvebi: kuWi tomris msgavsi organoa. igi muclis RruSi mde-
bareobs. kuWis uamravi jirkvali gamoyofs saWmlis mom-
lorwo,
nelebel wvens, romelic lorwos, marilmJavasa da fer-
marilmJava,
mentebs Seicavs.
RviZli,
kuWqveSa
daimaxsovre: lorwos sqeli fena kuWis kedlebs da-
jirkvali.
zianebisgan icavs, marilmJava ki sakvebTan erTad mox-
vedril mikrobebs anadgurebs da fermentebs aaqtiurebs.
gaaqtiurebuli fermentebi kuWSi sakvebis cilebis da
cximebis monelebas iwyeben.
kuWis kedlebi mZlavrad ikumSeba, sakvebi kuWis wvens
ereva. sakvebis msxvili nawilakebi qucmacdeba, Txel fa-
fad iqceva da wvril nawlavSi gadadis. sakmarisia, sakvebi
piris RruSi moxvdes, rom kuWi iwyebs saWmlis momnelebe-
li wvenis gamoyofas. igive xdeba gemrieli sakvebis danax-
visas an warmodgenisas.

kuWi
gifiqria, ratomaa aucilebeli kvebis reJimis dacva?

Tu kvebis reJims daicav, kuWi yovelTvis mzad iqneba

sakvebis misaRebad da advilad moinelebs sakvebs.
wvrili nawlavebis dasawyisia Tormetgoja nawlavi. aq
ixsneba RviZlisa da kuWqveSa jirkvlis sadinarebi. RviZ-
li saWmlis momnelebeli sistemis jirkvalia. is gamoi-
muSavebs naRvels. kuWsac gaaCnia jirkvali, romelic ga-
moimuSavebs saWmlis momnelebel fermentebs.

daimaxsovre: naRveli aadvilebs cximebis monelebas,

anadgurebs mikrobebs, aaqtiurebs kuWqveSa jirkvlis
fermentebs. amave dros, naRveli aZlierebs nawlavebis
talRisebur SekumSvebs, rac xels uwyobs sakvebi masebis
gadaadgilebas nawlavebSi.
saWmlis momnelebeli sistema

20
 saWmlis momnelebeli wvenebis zemoqmedebiT wvril naw- RviZli
naRvlis
lavebSi sakvebis moneleba sruldeba. organizmisTvis buSti
daSlili sasargeblo sakvebi wvril nawvlavSi Seiwoveba. kuWi

nawlavebs aqvs patara gamonazardebi _ xaoebi. swored

xaoebidan sisxlSi gadadis sasargeblo nivTierebebi da
sisxlis saSualebiT mTel sxeuls miewodeba.
usargeblo narCenebi msxvil nawlavebSi xvdeba. misi ke-
dlebi dafarulia lorwoTi, romelic xels uwyobs sakvebi pankreasi
narCenebis iolad gadaadgilebas. msxvil nawlavSi binad- Tormetgoja
(kuWqveSa
jirkvali)
robs megobari baqteriebi, romlebic gvexmareba saWmlis nawlavi
monelebaSi. isini warmoqmnis vitaminebs. msxvili nawlavis
kedlebi wyals Seiwovs. usargeblo narCenebi swor naw- saWmlis momnelebeli sistemis
lavSi gadadis, saidanac gareT gamoidevneba. nawilebi

me ukve vici da SemiZlia:

rogor mimdinareobs saWmlis moneleba kuWsa da nawlavSi;
ra daniSnuleba aqvs kuWis wvens, naRvels;
vimsjelo, Tu rogor nadgurdeba mavne mikrobebi organizmSi.

upasuxe SekiTxvebs:

1. rogoria kuWis wvenis Semadgenloba?

2. ivaraude, ra moxdeba, Tu naRvlis gamomuSaveba Semcirdeba?
3. ra problemebs gamoiwvevs kuWSi mJavas raodenobis Semcireba?
4. ra safrTxe Seeqmneba adamianis janmrTelobas kuWis dazianebisas?

aqtivoba _ saWmlis momnelebeli sistemis modelis Seqmna

ixelmZRvanele suraTiT da daamzade saWmlis momnelebe-

li sistemis modeli.
saWiro masalebi: sxvadasxva feris plastilini, muyaos qa-
Raldi da markeri.
mimdinareoba: markeris saSualebiT muyaos qaRaldze
gamosaxe adamianis sxeulis konturi. plastilinis sa-
SualebiT gamoZerwe saWmlis momnelebeli sistemis orga-
noebi da daamagre muyaoze. gaukeTe Sesabamisi warwerebi.
warudgineT namuSevari Tanaklaselebs.

saWmlis momnelebeli sistemis

modeli

21
1.10-1.11 rogor aviciloT Tavidan
saWmlis momnelebeli sistemis
daavadebebi?
rogor SeiZleba Tavidan saWmlis momnelebeli sistemis
ras
Seiswavli: daavadebebis Tavidan acileba.

gifiqria, ratomaa aucilebeli organizmma miiRos

sakvanZo sxvadasxva tipis sakvebi? gsmenia dabalansebuli
sityvebi: kvebis Sesaxeb?

dabalansebuli adamians janmrTelobisTvis dabalansebuli kveba sWir-

kveba, deba. dabalansebuli kvebis dros Senma organizmma saWiro
kuWis wyluli, yvela nivTiereba unda miiRos. amitomaa aucilebeli ax-
RviZlis cirozi. ali xilisa da bostneulis miReba. isini mdidaria vita-
minebiTa da mineralebiT. yvela produqti gansxvavebuli
raodenobiT Seicavs organizmisaTvis saWiro nivTiere-
bebs. magaliTad, kvercxi, Tevzi, xorci, lobio, barda _
didi raodenobiT cilebs Seicavs. puri, tkbileuli, bur-
Ruleuli _ naxSirwylebiTaa mdidari. karaqi, rZe, Txili,
kakali _ cximebis wyaroa. Tumca, mniSvnelovania gvaxso-
vdes, organizmis ori mesamedi wylisgan Sedgeba. dRis
ganmavlobaSi mas mudmivad vkargavT oflTan da SardTan
erTad, amitom yoveldRiurad wylis miReba aucilebelia.
siTxis nawili SesaZloa sakvebiTac miiRo. mozardisTvis
aucilebelia dRis ganmavlobaSi minimum 1l wylis miReba.

ratom girCeven ufrosebi, ar miiRo swrafi kvebis

hamburgeri obieqtebis produqtebi?

kvebis reJimis darRveva, uxarisxo sakvebi, stresi, al-

koholi, Tambaqo, umoZrao cxovreba, parazituli Wiebi
SesaZloa saWmlis monelebis darRvevis mizezebi gaxdes.
am dros adamians awuxebs tkivili, wva muclis areSi, uma-
doba, muclis Seberva da a. S.
swrafi kvebis obieqtebis produqtebi, magaliTad: Cipse-
bi, hamburgerebi, Cizburgerebi Seicavs didi raodenobiT
uxarisxo cximebsa da marils. am produqtebSi Zalian co-
taa sasargeblo nivTierebebi. aseTi sakvebi sazianoa or-
ganizmisTvis da Znelad mosanelebelia.

kartofili, fri

22