JAWAPAN

Praktis Pengukuhan 1 (b) (i) Mengkaji kesan suhu terhadap

Kertas 1 pertumbuhan bakteria
1 B 2 A 3 A 4 C 5 D To study the effect of temperature on
6 A 7 C 8 B 9 A 10 A bacterial growth
11 D 12 D 13 B (ii) Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan:
Manipulated variables:
Kertas 2 Suhu
Bahagian A/Section A Temperature
1 (a) Kekeruhan Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas:
bubur Responding variables:
Tabung
Nilai pH nutrien Pertumbuhan bakteria/Kekeruhan bubur
uji
pH value Cloudiness of nutrien
Test tube
the nutrient The bacterial growth/The cloudiness of
broth nutrient broth
Pemboleh ubah dimalarkan:
A Kurang Kurang keruh
Constant variables:
daripada 7 Slightly cloudy
Jenis bubur nutrien/Jenis bakteria
(asid)
The type of nutrient broth/The type of
Lower than
bacteria
7 (acidic)
(iii) Tabung uji, bubur nutrien steril,
B 7 (neutral) Sangat keruh bakteria Bacillus subtilis, kapas steril,
7 (neutral) Very cloudy picagari
Test tube, sterile nutrient broth,
C Lebih Kurang keruh
Bacillus subtilis bacteria, sterile cotton
daripada 7 Slightly cloudy
wool, syringe
(alkali)
Higher than (iv)
5°C 35°C 70°C
7 (alkaline)
kapas steril kapas steril
sterile cotton sterile cotton
(b) (i) Nilai pH/The pH values wool wool
(ii) Kekeruhan bubur nutrien/Pertumbuhan
bakteria
The cloudiness of the nutrient broth/The
bacterial growth
(iii) Isi padu bubur nutrien/Jenis bakteria
The volume of the nutrient broth/The type
of bacteria bubur nutrien steril +
kultur bakteria
(c) Bakteria membiak paling baik dalam keadaan sterile nutrient broth +
neutral. bacteria culture
Bacteria grow best in neutral conditions.
(d) (i) B 1. Masukkan bubur nutrien steril dan
(ii) Keadaan neutral ialah keadaan yang paling kultur bakteria ke dalam tiga tabung
sesuai untuk pertumbuhan bakteria. uji.
Neutral conditions are the most suitable Put sterile nutrient broth and bacterial
for the growth of bacteria. culture into three test tubes.
(e) Bakteria ialah organisma yang mengeruhkan 2. Sumbat setiap tabung uji dengan kapas
bubur nutrien dalam keadaan neutral/pada steril.
pH 7. Stuff the mouth of the test tubes with
Bacteria are organisms which cause the sterile cotton wool.
cloudiness of nutrient broth in neutral 3. Simpan tabung uji masing-masing
condition/at pH 7. pada suhu 5°C, 35°C dan 70°C.
Keep the three test tubes at the
Bahagian C/Section C temperature of 5°C, 35°C and 70°C
2 (a) Bakteria membiak dengan baik pada suhu respectively.
35°C dan menjadi tidak aktif pada suhu 5°C 4. Biarkan ketiga-tiga tabung uji selama
dan 70°C./Suhu mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dua hari.
bakteria. Leave the three test tubes for two days.
Bacteria grow well at the temperature of 35°C 5. Perhatikan pertumbuhan bakteria
and become inactive at the temperature of 5°C dalam setiap tabung uji.
and 70°C./The temperature affects the growth Observe the bacterial growth in each
of bacteria. test tube.

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 (v) Pertumbuhan (iv) anak benih
jagung
bakteria/ maize seedling
Kekeruhan bubur
Suhu/°C
nutrien
Temperature/°C kapas
Bacterial growth/ cotton wool
The cloudiness of
tabung didih
the nutrient broth boiling tube
5 kertas hitam
black paper
35 salur kaca
glass tube
70
larutan kultur larutan kultur
Knop tanpa kalium
Praktis Pengukuhan 2 Knop’s culture solution
Kertas 1 culture solution without potassium
1 A 2 C 3 A 4 B 5 C 1. Larutan kultur Knop diisi ke dalam
6 D 7 D 8 C 9 D tabung didih.
The Knop’s culture solution is filled into
Kertas 2 a boiling tube.
Bahagian B/Section B 2. Larutan kultur tanpa kalium diisi ke
1 (a) P: Bakteria pengikat nitrogen dalam tabung didih yang lain.
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria The culture solution without
Q: Bakteria pendenitritan potassium is filled into another boiling
Denitrifying bacteria tube.
(b) R: Protein haiwan 3. Satu anak benih jagung dimasukkan
Animal proteins ke dalam setiap tabung didih.
S: Sebatian ammonium One maize seedling is put into each
Ammonium compounds boiling tube.
(c) Ion/Larutan 4. Radas didedahkan kepada cahaya.
Ion/Solution The apparatus is exposed to light.
(d) Mengekalkan kandungan nitrogen dalam alam 5. Radas dibiarkan selama dua minggu.
semula jadi The apparatus is left for two weeks.
To maintain the nitrogen content in nature 6. Pertumbuhan anak benih jagung
(e) Ammonium nitrat/Urea direkodkan.
Ammonium nitrate/Urea Growth of the maize seedlings is
recorded.
(v)
Jenis larutan Pertumbuhan
Bahagian C/Section C
kultur anak benih
2 (a) Tumbuhan tumbuh dengan kurang sihat
Type of culture Growth of the
dalam larutan kultur tanpa kalium.
solution seedling
Plants do not grow well in a culture solution
without potassium. Larutan kultur
(b) (i) Mengkaji pertumbuhan tumbuhan dalam Knop
larutan kultur tanpa kalium Knop’s culture
To study the growth of plants in a culture solution
solution without potassium
(ii) Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan: Larutan kultur
Manipulated variables: tanpa kalium
Jenis larutan kultur Culture solution
The type of culture solution without potassium
Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas/Responding
variables:
Pertumbuhan anak benih Praktis Pengukuhan 3
The growth of the seedlings Kertas 1
Pemboleh ubah dimalarkan/Constant 1 B 2 D 3 C 4 A 5 D
variables: 6 C 7 A 8 C 9 D 10 C
Isi padu larutan kultur
The volume of the culture solution Kertas 2
Jenis anak benih Bahagian B/Section B
The type of seedling 1 (a) Lapisan ozon
(iii) Anak benih jagung, larutan kultur Knop, The ozone layer
larutan kultur tanpa kalium, dua tabung (b) Menapis sinaran ultraungu daripada cahaya
didih matahari
Maize seedlings, Knop’s culture solution, Filters the ultraviolet rays from sunlight
culture solution without potassium, two (c) (i) Klorofluorokarbon (CFC)
boiling tubes Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

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 (ii) (c) Sarung tangan perubatan
Dapur
Alat penyaman Medical gloves
gas Peti sejuk
udara Tayar kereta
Gas Refrigerator ✓
Air conditioner Car tyres
stove
Gelang getah
✓ ✓ Rubber bands
(d) Larutan ammonia (sebarang alkali)
(d) (i) Menyebabkan katarak
Ammonia solution (any alkali)
Causes cataract
(e)
(ii) Menyebabkan kanser kulit
Causes skin cancer
Bahagian C/Section C
2 (a) – Memusnahkan habitat flora dan fauna molekul getah
Destroys the habitats of flora and fauna rubber molecule
– Menyebabkan pencemaran air
Causes water pollution
– Merendahkan pH air/tanah
Lowers the pH of water/soil Getah tak tervulkan/Unvulcanised rubber
– Merosakkan keindahan alam
Destroys the beauty of nature
(b) Pembalakan, pembinaan, perumahan dan
S
pertanian adalah aktiviti manusia yang S atom sulfur
menyebabkan kesan rumah hijau. sulphur atom
S
Logging, construction, housing and agriculture S molekul getah
are human activities that cause the greenhouse rubber molecule
effect.
(i) Dua ciri sepunya:
Two common characteristics: Getah tervulkan/Vulcanised rubber
– Penambahan kandungan karbon (f) Lebih keras/Tahan haba/Lebih kenyal
dioksida di udara Harder/Heat-resistant/More elastic
An increase of the carbon dioxide content
of the air Bahagian C/Section C
– Kenaikan suhu dunia/pemanasan global 2 (a)
An increase in the global temperature/ Lemak haiwan Lemak tumbuhan
Global warming Animal fat Plant fat
(ii) Satu contoh lain aktiviti manusia:
One other example of human activity: Takat lebur tinggi Takat lebur rendah
Perlombongan High melting point Low melting point
Mining
(iii) Kaedah menyelesaikan masalah: Kandungan Kandungan
Method to solve the problem: kolesterol tinggi kolesterol rendah
Perhutanan semula High cholesterol Low cholesterol
Reforestation content content
(iv) Konsep sebenar
Kesan buruk Kesan baik
Actual concept:
terhadap kesihatan terhadap kesihatan
Kesan rumah hijau ialah penambahan
Bad effects on Good effects on
kandungan karbon dioksida di udara dan
health health
kenaikan suhu dunia/pemanasan global.
The greenhouse effect is an increase in the Pepejal pada Cecair pada
carbon dioxide content of the air and an keadaan bilik keadaan bilik
increase in the global temperature/global Solid at room Liquid at room
warming. conditions conditions

Praktis Pengukuhan 4 (b) Petroleum, protein dan minyak sawit adalah

Kertas 1 sebatian karbon organik.
1 D 2 C 3 B 4 C 5 A Petroleum, protein and palm oil are organic
6 D 7 D 8 A 9 B carbon compounds.
(i) Dua ciri sepunya:
Kertas 2 Two common characteristics:
Bahagian B/Section B – Sebatian yang mengandungi unsur
1 (a) Asid etanoik (sebarang asid) karbon.
Ethanoic acid (any acid) A compound which contains the element
(b) (i) Pemvulkanan/Vulcanisation carbon.
(ii) Panaskan getah tergumpal dengan sulfur. – Berasal daripada hidupan
Heat the coagulated latex with sulphur. Originates from living things

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 (ii) Satu contoh lain: Pemboleh ubah dimalarkan:
One other example: Constant variables:
Lateks/Gula Jisim pemberat/The mass of the weight
Latex/Sugar (iii) Pemberat 500 g, bongkah kayu, plastisin,
(iii) Satu contoh sebatian karbon bukan organik: pembaris
One example of an inorganic carbon 500 g weight, wooden block, plasticine,
compound: ruler
Kalsium karbonat/Karbon dioksida (iv) pemberat
Calcium carbonate/Carbon dioxide weight
(iv) Konsep sebenar: plastisin
plasticine bongkah kayu
Actual concept: wooden block
Sebatian karbon organik ialah sebatian
yang mengandungi unsur karbon dan
berasal daripada hidupan
An organic carbon compound is a compound
Rajah (a)/Diagram (a)
that contains the carbon element and
originates from living things.
pemberat
weight
plastisin
Praktis Pengukuhan 5 plasticine bongkah kayu
wooden block
Kertas 1
1 B 2 D 3 B 4 B 5 A
6 B 7 D 8 C 9 A 10 B

Kertas 2 Rajah (b)/Diagram (b)

Bahagian A/Section A 1. Letakkan bongkah kayu secara
1 (a) menegak di atas plastisin seperti yang
Kecerunan Sesaran bongkah
ditunjukkan dalam Rajah (a).
landasan kayu X/cm
Place a wooden block vertically on the
Inclination of Displacement of
plasticine as shown in Diagram (a).
the track wooden block X/cm
2. Letakkan pemberat 500 g di atas
Kurang curam bongkah kayu itu.
3.0 Place a 500 g weight on top of the
Less steep
wooden block.
Curam 3. Alihkan pemberat itu dan ukur
6.0
Steep kedalaman lekukan yang terhasil.
Remove the weigh and measure the
(b) Sesaran bongkah kayu X dalam Rajah 1.2 lebih
depth of the dent produced.
jauh daripada dalam Rajah 1.1.
4. Ulangi eksperimen dengan meletakkan
The displacement of wooden block X in Diagram
bongkah kayu secara melintang di atas
1.2 is further than in Diagram 1.1.
plastisin seperti yang ditunjukkan
(c) (i) Kecerunan landasan
dalam Rajah (b).
The gradient of the track
Repeat the experiment by placing
(ii) Sesaran bongkah kayu X
the wooden block horizontally on the
The displacement of wooden block X
plasticine as shown in Diagram (b).
(iii) Jisim bongkah kayu X
The mass of wooden block X (v)
Kedalaman
(d) 9.0 cm (atau lebih daripada 6 cm) Luas permukaan lekukan (cm)
(or more than 6 cm) Surface area Depth of the
dent (cm)
Bahagian C/Section C
2 (a) Semakin kecil luas permukaan, semakin Kecil
besar tekanan yang dikenakan/semakin dalam Small
lekukan plastisin.
The smaller the surface area, the larger the Besar
pressure exerted/the deeper the dent of the Large
plasticine.
(b) (i) Mengkaji kesan luas permukaan terhadap
Praktis Pengukuhan 6
tekanan yang dikenakan.
Kertas 1
To study the effect of the surface area on
1 B 2 C 3 B 4 D 5 D
the pressure exerted.
6 B 7 C 8 B 9 D 10 A
(ii) Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan:
Manipulated variables: Kertas 2
Luas permukaan/The surface area Bahagian B/Section B
Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas: 1 (a) Pengetinan/Canning
Responding variables: (b) Garam/Gula
Kedalaman lekukan/The depth of the dent Salt/Sugar

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 (c) Menjadikan makanan lebih enak (b) (i) Keras/Tidak boleh diacu semula
Enhances the taste of the food Hard/Cannot be remoulded
(d) Menyebabkan kanser/sakit dada (ii) Tahan terhadap bahan kimia/Takat lebur
Causes cancer/chest pain tinggi
(e) Kuantiti makanan dan tarikh luput Resistant to chemicals/High melting point
The quantity of food and the expiry date (c) (i) Menyebabkan banjir kilat
(f) (i) Tarikh luput/The expiry date Causes flash floods
(ii) Untuk memastikan makanan yang dibeli (ii) Mencemarkan alam sekitar
tidak rosak Pollutes the environment
To ensure the food bought is not spoilt (d) (i) Menggunakan semula
Reusing it
Bahagian C/Section C
(ii) Membakar dalam insinerator tertutup
2 (a) (i) Pembungkusan Burning it in closed incinerators
Penyinaran
vakum
Irradiation Bahagian C/Section C
Vacuum packaging
2 (a) Pencemaran air/Water pollution
Menggunakan Udara disingkirkan – Menyebabkan banjir kilat
sinaran gama Air is removed Causes flash floods
Uses gamma rays – Pencemaran udara/Air pollution
Contoh: Bawang/ Contoh: Susu – Merosakkan sistem respirasi hidupan
Halia tepung/Kacang Damage to the respiratory system of living
Example: Onion/ Example: Milk things
Ginger powder/Nuts (b) Paip PVC, botol plastik dan botol susu adalah
termoplastik
(ii) PVC pipe, plastic bottle and milk bottle are
Penyejukbekuan Pendinginan
thermoplastics.
Freezing Cooling
(i) Dua ciri sepunya:
Suhu di bawah Suhu antara Two common characteristics:
–18°C 0 – 10°C – Mempunyai takat lebur rendah
Temperature Temperature Have low melting points
below –18°C between 0 – 10°C – Boleh diacu semula
Can be remoulded
Contoh: Daging/ Contoh: Sayur/
(ii) Satu contoh lain:
Udang Buah
One other example:
Example: Meat Example:
Tingkap kapal terbang/Baju hujan
Prawn Vegetables/Fruits
Airplane windows/Raincoats
(b) (i) Mengenal pasti masalah (iii) Satu contoh plastik termoset:
Identification of the problem: One example of thermoset:
Hakisan tanah berlaku di ladang kelapa Bampar kereta/Palam elektrik
sawit Car bumpers/Electric plugs
Soil erosion occurs in the oil palm estate (iv) Termoplastik ialah bahan yang
(ii) Penjelasan masalah: mempunyai takat lebur rendah dan boleh
Clarification of the problem: diacu semula.
Hujan lebat menghanyutkan tanah Thermoplastic is a substance that has a
Heavy rain washes away the soil low melting point and can be remoulded.
(iii) Cara menyelesaikan masalah:
Ways to solve the problem: Praktis Pengukuhan 8
– Membina parit/Building drains Kertas 1
– Menggunakan penutup plastik 1 A 2 B 3 A 4 B 5 C
Using plastic covers 6 B 7 D 8 B 9 D 10 B
– Menanam tanaman penutup bumi
Planting cover crops Kertas 2
(iv) Cara terbaik/The best method: Bahagian B/Section B
Menanam tanaman penutup bumi kerana 1 (a) (i) Litar penala
akarnya yang mencengkam tanah Tuner circuit
Planting cover crops because the roots of (ii) Memilih isyarat audio yang spesifik
the cover crops hold the soil firmly. To choose a specific audio signal
(b)
Praktis Pengukuhan 7
Kertas 1
1 C 2 B 3 D 4 A 5 A
6 A 7 D 8 B 9 D 10 B (c)
Kertas 2
Bahagian B/Section B
1 (a) Plastik termoset (d) Diod
Thermosetting plastic/Thermoset Diode

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 Kapasitor – Modulator menggabungkan isyarat audio
✓
Capacitor dengan gelombang radio
Transistor The modulator combines the audio signals
Transistor with the radio waves
Induktor – Amplifier menguatkan isyarat audio
✓ The amplifier amplifies the audio signals
Inductor
(Mana-mana dua/Any two)
(e) (i) Pembesar suara
(b) Mesin faksimili, telefon bimbit dan televisyen
Loudspeaker
menggunakan gelombang radio.
(ii) Tenaga elektrik kepada tenaga bunyi
Facsimile machine, mobile phone and television
Electrical energy to sound energy
use radio waves.
(f) (i) Gelombang mikro/Gelombang radio (i) Dua ciri sepunya:
Microwave/Radio wave Two common characteristics:
(ii) Membolehkan komunikasi sedunia./ – Membawa maklumat dalam bentuk
Membolehkan siaran langsung televisyen isyarat
Enable global communication/Enables live Carry information in the form of signals
television broadcasts – Menghantar maklumat pada kelajuan
cahaya
Send information at the speed of light
Bahagian C/Section C (ii) Satu contoh lain:
2 (a) Aeriel pemancar One other example:
Transmitter aerial Radio/Satelit
Radio/Satellite
(iii) Satu contoh yang tidak menggunakan
Pengayun Modulator Amplifier gelombang radio:
Oscillator Modulator Amplifier One example that does not use radio waves:
Pembesar suara/Loudspeaker
Mikrofon (iv) Gelombang radio ialah gelombang yang
Microphone dapat membawa maklumat dalam bentuk
isyarat pada kelajuan cahaya.
Radio waves are waves which can carry
– Pengayun menghasilkan gelombang radio information in the form of signals at the
The oscillator produces radio waves speed of light.
– Mikrofon menukarkan tenaga bunyi kepada
tenaga elektrik
The microphone converts sound energy into
electrical energy

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