Psychology for SW Counselling 4.

Short Term Counselling

5. Long Term Counselling
Nature of Counselling 6. Psychological Counselling
- The branch of psychology that focuses on personal problems 7. Clinical Counselling
not classified as serious mental disorders, such as academic, 8. Student Counselling
vocational and social difficulties of students. 9. Placement Counselling

- Similar to clinical psychology, except that most of the issues

addressed by counselling psychologist are less serious.
COUNSELLING is direct face-to-face conversation between
two people.
-scientific process of assistance extended by
an expert/professional
-assist the client in organizing himself to
attain a particular form of self-actualization.
Counselling is:
1. Understanding
2. Non-judgemental
Process of Counselling
3. Listening 1. Relationship Building
4. Responsive 2. Problem Assessment
5. Changing 3. Goal Setting
6. Confidential 4. Intervention
5. Evaluation, Follow-Up, Termination or Referral
Counselling VS Coaching
Discipline, Instructing Asking, Guiding
Principles of Counselling
Recovery Growth
Created to BE Created to Do 1. Fidelity – maintaining trusting relationship
Seeking healing Choosing goals 2. Autonomy – client to be an active participant
3. Beneficence – (doing good) promoting the well-being
Counselling VS Guidance of the client
-In-depth and narrow -Broader comprehensive 4. Non-maleficence – (being aware) of limitations
-Restorative -Preventive 5. Justice – fair and equitable treatment to all clients
-Understand themselves -Alternative solutions 6. Self-respect
-Emotional -Intellectual
-For personal and social -For education/CG Qualities of a Counsellor
issues - Patient; good listener; observant; warm;
knowledgeable; having empathy; maintain therapeutic
SW Counselling is the skilled and principled use of relationship; confidentiality; personal integrity; spiritual
relationships to develop self-knowledge, emotional acceptance maturity.
and growth and personal resources.
- fully and satisfyingly
- concerned with addressing the resolving
specific problems, making decisions,
coping with crisis, working through feelings
- the role of the counsellor is to facilitate client’s work
in
ways that respect the client’s values (Rowland, 1993)

Counselling is a helping approach that highlights the emotional

and intellectual experience of a client. However,
psychotherapy is based in the psychodynamic approach to
counselling-it encourages the client to go back to earlier
experiences and explore how it affects their current problem. GUIDANCE is an integral part of education catered to offer
assistance to individuals in order for them to make intelligent
Types of Counselling decisions and adjustment in life. Furthermore, it is a systematic
1. Directive Counselling (prescriptive) – E.G Williamson; way to one’s self-discovery leading to self-understanding and
counsellor-centered; counsellor direct the client to take self-direction.
steps
2. Non-directive Counselling – Carl Rogers; client- Areas of Guidance
centered; counsellor creates an atmosphere in which  Educational guidance
the client can work out his problem.  Socio-civic and moral guidance
3. Eclectic Counselling – Thorne; combination of both;  Develop knowledge of the Creator, willingness
the counsellor is neither to active as in directive to participate in community activities, practice
counselling nor too passive as in non-directive. good values, proper conduct and good
relationship with others

 Vocational or career guidance


Principles of Guidance
 Guidance is based on a true concept of the client
 Guidance is designed to provide assistance to a
person on crisis in solving it through self-discovery
and seld-direction
 Guidance is a learning process
 Guidance is helping the client understand himself
 Guidance leads one to make intelligent choice
COUNSELLING is
 inseparable with guidance. It is a tool in order to
provide proper guidance to a client.
 one of the social welfare services that pertains to the
creation of a wholesome relationship between the
counselor and the counselee.
 help prevent the development of a problem into a
more complicated one which encourages expression,
release of emotion or ventilation of inner thoughts
which can help relieve emotional burden and
ultimately allow for client to come up a solution to his
pressing problem.
Essentials in Counselling (3R’s)
a. RAPPORT must be maintained throughout the entire
process
b. RELATIONSHIP must be one of openness, trust and
warmth
c. RESPECT must be observed all times
Counselling Position
Sitting
Open
Lean
Eye to eye contact
Relax
Counselling Ethics
 Confidentiality
 Don’t be time conscious
 Don’t influence the counselee to your way of thinking Association
and reason
 Know your limitation
 Avoid physical contact
 Learn not only to be sympathetic but also emphatic
COUNSELLING 101: Paraprofessional Help
 Planned, structured dialogue between a counselor and
a client, a helper and a helpee.
 Cooperative process to identify sources of difficulties
or concerns that the client/helpee is experiencing
 Together, the counselor and client/helper and helpee
develop ways to deal with and overcome these
problems so that the person has new skills and
increased understanding of themselves & others
GOALS should be:
• selected and defined with care.
• defined in explicit and measurable terms.
• feasible.
• within the range of counselor’s knowledge or skills.
• stated in positive terms that emphasize growth.
• consistent with existing rules & laws.
In counselling, DON’T DO THIS!!!
• Tell or direct what to do
• Give advice
• Excessive curiosity & details
• Interrogate, Control, Argue
• Push client to a confession
• Give moralistic views
• Labeling & Diagnosing
• Unwarranted Reassurance
• Encourage dependence
• Discuss your own problems
• Promise to client
Instead, DO THIS!!!
• Make it confidential
• Listen to UNDERSTAND NOT RESPOND
• Eye contact
• Attentive body posture
• Facial Expressions
• Appropriate gestures
• Suitable conversational distance
• Non-Judgmental
• Make honest answers
• Ask open-ended questions
HISTORICAL AND PROFESSIONAL FOUNDATIONS
OF COUNSELLING
1900’s – advice or information
- Frank Parson, father of guidance
- Jesse B. Davis, systemized guidance
- Clifford Beers, author
1910 – National Vocational Guidance Association
- Profound impact of the development of counselling
- WW1
1920 – period of consolidation
1930 – the Great Depression
- Direct; counselor-centered approach
1940 – Carl Rogers emphasized the importance of the client
- Client-centered approach
- WW2
- Government’s involvement in counselling after war
1950 – establishment of American Personnel and Guidance
- Charting of American School Counsellor Association
- Establishment of American Psychological Association
- Passage of National Defense Education Act
- Introduction of new guidance and counselling theories
Counselling Skills in SW
1. Multicultural Framework – can be applied to everyone.
- genogram
- have cultural awareness and sensitivity
- idiographic perspective; anong culture ang meron
- the worker can trace back the history of the client
- ethnicity
2. Person-Centered Approach – humanistic theory
(phenomenological).
- To build up self-image of client
- Helps the client to have a positive outlook in life.
- Build a relationship with the client
- Self-actualization
- Involves active listening
*congruent practice – effort of the client
3. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy – low mood
experiences
- Change is focused on the individual and not on the
environment
- Behaviourism refers to the ways in which behaviour
outcomes can be manipulated to either increase or
decrease as a result of the consequences that occur.
- Concerned with thought processes that impact on
individual functioning.
- Operant-conditioning of Skinner developed from this
starting point
- Schema or schemata defined by Blackburn and
Davidson as stable knowledge structures which
represents all of an individual’s knowledge about
himself and his world. Furthermore, it is influenced by
Kelly’s personal constructs.
- Automatic thoughts (self-statements) are the thoughts
based on the assumptions that immediately occur, like
a habitual reflex actions.
4. Psychodynamic and Attachment Theory – behaviours
of the client from childhood to present that triggers
his/her problem.
- Relation of the client from childhood through the
caretaker
- Sino ang naka in fluence?
5. Narrative Therapy – identifying the dominant things
(paulit-ulit na sinasabi)
- Person-centered and solution approach
- Building the client’s personality
6. Systems and Family Approach – cybernetics is the
intelligent system that enables to regulate itself to
adapt.
- Tracking, applying them to the live family situations
through process.; ano/saan nagmula?
- Linear questions, client alone
- Circular questions, families/environment
7. Solution-focused Approach – focuses on the capability
of the client
- Self-determination of the client to address the problem
- Focuses in the solution
- Asks what the client needs
- We don’t deal on the problem but we deal on the
solution
- Easiest way that the worker use