SEMINAR OF MACHINE DESIGN

TOPIC:- Riveted Joints : Rivet materials, Rivet heads, Leak

proofing of riveted joint-caulking and fullering.

Submitted By:- Submitted To:-

Simranjit Singh (216/2017) Mr .Vickramjeet Singh
Umesh Gaba (221/2017)
 RIVETED JOINTS

The riveted joints are widely used for joining light metals. These are the
permanent type fastening which cannot be unfastened easily without destroying
the connecting components or the fastening themselves. The rivet used for
making riveted joint is a short cylindrical bar with a head integral to it. The
cylindrical portion of the rivet is called shank or body and the lower portion of the
shank is known as tail. Rivets are widely used in structural work such as roof
trusses, bridges, boilers, ship building, air and liquid receivers and other
engineering works.

Rivets used in riveted joints is a popular method of fastening and joining

because of its simplicity and low cost has many advantages as given below:-
i. Production rates are high.
ii. Initial and maintenance costs for equipment can be joined.
iii. Metallic or non-metallic materials can be joined.
iv. Unskilled labour can be used to operate the equipment.
v. The rivets can be made of a variety of materials.
vi. The rivet is not only used as a fastener but also as a pivot.
vii. The riveting is a cold headed process, therefore it maintains uniform
structure and inherent strength.
viii. Dissimilar metals and assemblies have a number of parts with non
uniform thickness can be easily fastened.
 ix. Light joints can be obtained to withstand more vibrations and shocks.
x. Shape of any part can be joined by a rivet.

RIVET MATERIALS

Rivets are made of wrought iron or soft steel for most uses but where
corrosive resistance or light weight is requirement, rivets of copper or aluminium
alloy are used. For strength and fluid tight joint, the steel rivets are preferred.
Rivets are general purpose are manufactured from steel conforming to the
following Indian standards.

i. IS : 1148–1982 (Reaffirmed 1992) – Specification for hot

rolled rivet bars (up to 40 mm diameter) for structural
purposes;
ii. IS : 1149–1982 (Reaffirmed 1992) – Specification for high
tensile steel rivet bars for structural purposes.

The rivets for boiler work shall be manufactured from material

conforming to IS : 1990 – 1973 (Re-affirmed 1992) – Specification for steel
rivets and stay bars for boilers.
Aluminium rivets are frequently used because they are easy to install
having high ductility and low strength. Aluminium and nickel alloys rivets are
preferred for aircraft riveting due to their light weight.

RIVET HEADS
According to Indian standard specifications, the rivet heads are
classified into the following three types :
i. Rivet heads for general purposes (below 12 mm diameter) as shown
in Fig. 9.3, according to IS : 2155 – 1982 (Reaffirmed 1996).
ii. Rivet heads for general purposes (From 12 mm to 48 mm diameter)
as shown in Fig. 9.4, according to IS : 1929 – 1982 (Reaffirmed 1996).
 iii. Rivet heads for boiler work (from 12 mm to 48 mm diameter, as shown
in Fig. 9.5, according to IS : 1928 – 1961 (Reaffirmed 1996).

LEAK PROOFING OF RIVETED JOINTS:-

Caulking:- in order to make the joints leak proof or fluid tight in pressure
vessels like steam boilers, spheres, air receivers and tanks etc., a process
employed is known as caulking. A narrow blunt chisel like tool called caulking
tool about 5mm thick and 38 mm in breadth is used. The edge of the tool is
ground to an angle of 80 to 75 degree to facilitate the forcing down of edge. The
tool burns down the plate at A forming a metal to metal joint. Actually both the
edges at A and B are caulked. The head of rivets at C are turned down with a
caulking tool to make the joint steam tight. Care is taken not to damage the plate
below the tool or spring the joint open

Fullering :-A more satisfactory process of making the joint stanch and tight
is known as fullering which has largely super ceded caulking. The fullering tool
has thickness at the end equal to that of plate is used in such a way that the
greatest pressure due to blows occur near the joints giving a clean finish with the
less risk of damaging the plate.