I ETIHADIAI II I

BASIC CONCEPTS
l MAGNETS HAVE TWO POLES
NORTH AND SOUTH
2 NORTH REPELS NORTH
SOUTH REPELS SOUTH
3 NORTH ATTRACTS SOUTH

MAGNETIC FIELD
MAGNETIC FIELD LINES OUTSIDIL A
MAGNET FLOW FROM NORTH TO
SOUTH
MAGNETIC FIELD LINES INSIDE A
MAGNET FLOW FROM SOUTH TO
NORTH
THE DENSITY OF LINES AT A GIVEN
POINT IS PROPORTIONAL TO THE
MAGNETIC FIELD STRENGTH AT THAT
POINT
FIELD LINES FORM A VECTOR FIELD
THAT SHOWS THE ORIENTATION OF
A COMPASS
MAGNETIC FIELD LINES ALWAYS FORM
CLOSED LOOPS
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N
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ELECTROMAGNETISM
A CURRENT CARRYING WIRE PRODUCES
A MAGNETIC FIELD
THE DIRECTION OF THE MAGNETIC
FIELD IS GIVEN BY THE RIGHT HAND
RULE l
THUMB POINTS IN DIRECTION OF
CURRENT FINGERS WRAP
AROUND IN DIRECTION OF
MAGNETIC FIELD

pups
FEE.fi at To
RIGHT
LEFT
f
 I
t Down
INTO
THE PAGE

is
Oz B

B
o r

x x x
x x x

THE BIOT SAVART LAW DESCRIBES

THE MAGNETIC FIELD STRENGTH
NEAR A WIRE TESLA

B
r IT
2nd SPACE 417 10
7
T.hn A
CURRENT A
d DISTANCE FROM WIRE M

EXAMPLE
A TOASTER uses 10 A of CURRENT IF
THE CURRENT IS CONSTANT WHAT IS THE
MAGNETIC FIELD STRENGTH AT A DISTANCE
 L R I n 51
OF 2 Om
4T 0 6

j
B zM 2 0
217 1.0

SOLENOIDS
B FIELDS AROUND SINGLE WIRES ARE
RELATIVELY WEAK AT NORMAL CURRENT
LEVELS
SOLENOIDS GEOMETRICALLY CONCENTRATE
THE FIELD BY WRAPPING THE WIRE INTO
a

p.mn

monIDn
B i Ia'Ii i.To
FREE
MoNI I SPACE
7
417 10 T.in A
WINDS
TOTAL
n OF WINDS PER
N
n METRE m
l
TOTAL LENGTH
I CURRENT
 T 1 IE DIRECTION B FIELD
OF THE
INSIDE THE SOLENOID IS GIVEN BY
THE RIGHT HAND RULE 2

WRAP FINGERS IN DIRECTION OF

CURRENT THUMB Points NORTH

EXAMPLE
A SOLENOID 25cm IN
LENGTH
HAS 500 WINDINGS WHAT IS THE
B FIELD INSIDE THE SOCENOCD
WHEN IT HAS A CURRENT OF 2.0A

B Mont E n

7 500
417 10 2 o
 MAGNETIC FORCE ON A CHARGE

A CHARGE IN MOTION PRODUCES A

MARNETIC FIELD WHICH CAN INTERACT WITT
AN EXTERNAL FIELD
MAGNETIC
y

r
x

Z IT o

Ed
rat o

FT MAGNETIC Force N
F qJ n charge C
q
J VELOCITY
VECTOR PRODUCT
B MAGNETIC FIELD T

V AND B MUST BE PERPENDICULAR

IF NOT
PERPENDICULAR USE THE
PERPENDICULAR COMPONENT
Fz qvBsinQ
IF V AND B ARE PARALLEL
THERE IS NO MAGNETIC FORCE
 THE DIRECTION OF THE MAGNETIC
FORCE IS GIVEN BY THE RIGHT
HAND RULE 3 AKA FBI RULE
MIDDLE F
F MAGNETIC FORCE
B INDEX
MAGNETIC FIELD
I CURRENT VELOCITY OF
POSITILECHARGE THUMB

BECAUSE MAGNETIC FORCE IS 1 TO

THE VELOCITY ALL CHARGED PARTICLES
THAT ENTER A MAGNETIC FIELD WILL
EXPERIENCE CIRCULAR MOTION

EXAMPLE
A PROTON BEAM ENTERS A MAGNET
FIELD AS SHOWN WITH A SPEED OF
6 0 106 MJ
a DETERMINE THE MAGNITUDE OF Fs
b DESCRIBE THE PATH OF THE PROTON
c HOW WOULD THE PATH CHANGE IF
AN ELECTRON BEAM ENTERED
THE B FIELD INSTEAD AT THE
SAME SPEED
I
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4

tee
a
Frs _qvB
1.60 10 9 6.0 106 7.5 10 4

lbNT
72x1O
b
FB _Fc
qvB mac

quB m

R
qmj.cl.ba 27K6 o ox

1.60 10 19 7.5 10 4

83.5mL
c
see DIAGRAM
radius is smaller
same Farce less mass
MAGNETIC FORCE ON A
CURRENT CARRYING WIRE
a a o

wa_
t
o o
L
o F 6

A CURRENT CARRYING WIRE IN A B FIELD

WILL EXPERIENCE A FORCE BECAUSE
OF THE MOVING CHARGES CONTAINED IN IT

CONSIDER THE MAGNET cc FORCE ON A

CHARGE
fB qVB
q B
D
d
It B
d
L I B

t LIxB FB MAGNETIC FORCE N

l length of WIRE IN
B FIELD M
 VECTOR PRODUCT
I A
i
CURRENT
B MAGNETIC FIELD T

DIRECTION IS DETERMINED BY THE

RIGHT HAND RULE 3
FBI RULE
F B

f
I

EXAMPLE
A CARRYING 10.0A OF CURRENT PASSES
WIRE
THROUGH A 1.5 MT B FIELD so THAT
2.0cm OF THE WIRE IS PERPENDICULAR
AS SHOWN WHAT FORCE IS EXERTED
ON THE WIRE

IQ E
IF
FB _LIB 3
0.020 co o 1.5 10
 C l
t
3 ci
4NDOW
0

EXAMPLE
A WIRE LOOP IS SUSPENDED IN A
UNIFORM 0.050T FIELD AS SHOWN
WHAT CURRENT WILL INCREASE
THE TENSION BY 0.30 N
TENSION

i.ffjn.is

25cm

FB lIB
I FB
TB
go.is 2
o.osoy
 PARALLEL WIRES WILL EXERT A
FORCE ON EACH OTHER
DUETO 2 B'DoE To 2

f F2 X
F lIL3z
l HI Fz
X
2
lIzMoTz
L X
Ttd
d Mol 1112
ZITI
IF THECURRENTS ARE IN THE SAME
DIRECTION THE MAGNETIC FORCES ON
THE WIRES ARE TOWARDS EACH OTHER
THEREFORE THE WIRES ATTRACT EACH
OTHER
IF THE CURRENTS ARE IN THE
OPPOSITE DIRECTION THE WIRES WILL REPEL
EACH OTHER
MAGNETIC APPLICATIONS
electron CHARGE
f
Fm RATIO JJ THOMSON

2
it

t
CATHODE RAY TUBE OR ELECTR N GUN
ELECTRONS ARE ACCELERATED BY A

POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE V
VELOCITY SELECTOR
ELECTRONS ENTER A MAGNETIC FIELD
COMBINED WITH AN ELECTRIC FIELD
MAGNETIC FIELD CAN FE
BE MEASURED BY
KNOWING THE LENGTH
OF THE
THE
COIL COUNTING
OF WINDINGS
I FB
AND KNOWING THE D Moh
F FB
CURRENT THROUGH THE
coil
TH ELECTRIC FIELD CAN
qE qvB
BE MEASURED V
USING T
 THE VOLTAGE OF THE
PLATES AND THE
DISTANCE BETWEEN L
d
THE PLATES

SELECTED ELECTRONS ENTER A SECOND

MAGNETIC FIELD
Fc _FB
m
qvBz

am

THE RATIO WAS CALCULA TED To Be

7
MASS SPECTROMETER
MEASURES THE MASS OF DIFFERENT

VELOCITY SELECTOR
PHOTOGRAPHIC PLATES
I
B
DIFFERENT MASSES ARE SEPARATED
ACCORDING To r

F FB
m
qvBa

qBIgv
m

m
f9B