Assignment 3;

A.
1. Left coronary artery .
2. Right atrium .
3. Left circumflex artery .
4. Left anterior descending artery .
5. Right marginal artery .
6. Pulmonary artery .
7. Coronary sinus .
8. Anterior cardiac veins .
9. Superior vena cava .
10. Small cardiac vein .

B.
1.
The alveolar ventilation rate is a critical physiological variable
as it is an important factor in determining the concentrations
of oxygen and carbon dioxide in functioning alveoli. The
relationship between the alveolar ventilation and the
concentrations of O2 and CO2 in the alveolar air is intuitively
intelligible

1. It is a physiological variable , and it is

the rate of air flow that lung exchange it at
normal breath .
2.
 usually, 500 mL in each breath × 12 breaths/min = 6000 ml
per min . so

1- Normal rate and depth of respiration get > 500

  x>500 * 12 = y > 6000 ml per min

2. Slow and deep breathing .

3. Because at normal ventilation the human

body take 0.5 L of air/one inspiration
process (vary according the weight – this is
the standard - ) , and at the deep breath
state the human body take 3-3.5 L of
air/one inspiration.
Although the rate in deep breath lower than
normal , but the uptake amount of air at
deep breath more than at normal state and
this compensates for the rate difference .

C.
1.
A nerve plexus is a plexus (branching network) of
intersecting nerves. A nerve plexus is composed of afferent
and efferent fibers that arise from the merging of the anterior
rami of spinal nerves and blood vessels

1. Nerve plexus ; is a branching network of

intersect nerve , this nerve is afferent &
efferent fibers that grow from the merging
of the anterior spinal nerve with blood
vessels .
2.
 Autonomic Plexuses :

1. Cardiac plexus .
 2. Pharyngeal plexus of vagus nerve .

3. Auerbach plexus .

4. Celiac plexus .

5. Meissner plexus(submucosal plexus)

.

 Spinal plexuses :

1. Brachial plexus .

2. Coccygeal plexus .

3. Sacral plexus .

4. Cervical plexus .

5. Lumbar plexus .
Autonomic Plexuses

1-Celiac plexus 

2-Auerbach's plexus 

3-Meissner's plexus (submucosal plexus)

4-Pharyngeal plexus of vagus nerve

5-Cardiac plexus 

3. Inside each plexus there is many fibers

from various ventral branch and
redistributed , because that every nerve out
the plexus has fibers from many different
spinal nerves .
Within each plexus, fibers from the various ventral rami branch and become
redistributed so that each nerve exiting the plexus has fibers from several
different spinal nerves. One advantage to having plexes is that damage to a single
spinal nerve will not completely paralyze a limb