Median The median is that value of the given number of observations, which divides it into

exactly two parts.

(1) when the data is arranged in ascending (or descending) order the median of raw data is
calculated as follows:
(i) When the number of observations (n) is odd, the median is the value of the
 n 1 
th

  observation.
 2 
(ii) When the number of observations (n) is even, the median is the mean of the
th th
n n 
  and   1 observations.
2 2 
(2) when the grouped data is given

Example 1: The heights (in cm) of 9 students of a class are as follows

155, 160, 145, 149, 150, 147, 152, 144, 148 Find the median of this data.

Solution : First of all we arrange the data in ascending order, as follows:

144, 145, 147, 148, 149, 150, 152, 155, 160
Since the number of students is 9, an odd number

 n 1   9 1 
th th

    5 = the 5th student, which is 149 cm.

th

 2   2 

So, the median, i.e., the medial height is 149 cm.

Example 2 : The points scored by a Kabaddi team in a series of matches are as follows:
17, 2, 7, 27, 15, 5, 14, 8, 10, 24, 48, 10, 8, 7, 18, 28
Find the median of the points scored by the team.
Solution : Arranging the points scored by the team in ascending order, we get
2, 5, 7, 7, 8, 8, 10, 10, 14, 15, 17, 18, 24, 27, 28, 48.
There are 16 terms. So, the median is the mean of the values of the
th th th th
n n   16   16 
     1         8  9
th th

2 2   2  2 

i.e. Median 
8 th
 9th  observation
2
10  14
  12
2

So, the median point scored by the Kabaddi team is 12.

Example 3: Obtain the median for the following frequency distribution:

x: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
f: 8 10 11 16 20 25 15 9 6

Solution :

x f C.f.
1 8 8
2 10 18
3 11 29
4 16 45
5 20 65
6 25 90

7 15 105

8 9 114

9 6 120

N
Hence N  120   60
2

Cumulative frequency (cf.) just greater than 60, is 65 and the value of x corresponding to 65 is 5.
Therefore, median is 5.
Example 4: Find the median of the following data

Solution :
Example 5: A survey regarding the heights (in cm) of 51 girls of Class X of a school was conducted
and the following data was obtained. Find the median height.

Solution :
Mode
(i) For raw data

Mode is the value of the observation having the maximum frequency

(ii) For grouped frequency distribution

Example 6 : The wickets taken by a bowler in 10 cricket matches are as follows:

2, 6, 4, 5, 0, 2, 1, 3, 2, 3
Find the mode of the data.
Solution : Let us form the frequency distribution table of the given data as follows

Example 7 : Find the mode of the data

Solution : Here, as you can see the maximum frequency is 20, the value of mode is 30.

Example 8 : Find the mode of the data

Solution :
Example 9 :

Solution :
Here maximum frequency is 28. Thus the class 40-50 is the modal class.
 f1  f 0 
Mode  l    h
 2 f1  f 0  f 2 
l  40
h  10
f1  28
f 0  12
f 2  20

 28  12 
So, Mode  40    10  46.67
 2  28  12  20 
Example 10 : The marks distribution of 30 students in a Biostatistics examination are
given in Table. Find the mode of this data.

Solution :
Since the maximum number of students (i.e., 7) have got marks in the interval 40 - 55, the modal
class is 40 - 55. Therefore,
the lower limit ( l ) of the modal class = 40,
the class size (h) = 15,
the frequency ( f1 ) of modal class = 7,
the frequency ( f0 ) of the class preceding the modal class = 3,
the frequency ( f2) of the class succeeding the modal class = 6.
Now, using the formula:
 f1  f 0 
Mode  l    h
 2 f1  f 0  f 2 
 73 
Mode  40    15  52
 2 7  3  6 
Exercise
Q.1

Q.2

Q.3
Q.4