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Handbook on Basic Concepts of Railway Signalling

Principles of Train working

and need for signalling

All over the world Railway transportation is increasingly used, as this mode of
transport is more energy efficient and environmentally friendly than road
transportation. Trains move on steel rail tracks and wheels of the railway vehicle
are also flanged Steel wheels. Hence least friction occurs at the point of contact
between the track & wheels.
Therefore trains carry more loads resulting in higher traffic capacity since trains
move on specific tracks called rails, their path is to be fully guided and there is no
arrangement of steering. Clear of obstruction as available with road transportation,
so there is a need to provide control on the movement of trains in the form of
Railway signals which indicate to the drivers to stop or move and also the speed at
which they can pass a signal.

Since the load carried by the trains and the speed which the trains can attain are
high, they need more braking distance before coming to the stop from full speed.
Without signal to be available on the route to constantly guide the driver accidents
will take place due to collisions.

There are basically two purposes achieved by railway signalling.

1. To safety receive and despatch trains at a station.

2. To control the movements of trains from one station to another after ensuring
that the track on which this train will move to reach the next station is free from
movement of another train either in the same or opposite direction. This Control is
called block working. Preventing the movement from opposite direction is necessary
in single line track as movements in both directions will be on the same track.

Apart from meeting the basic requirement of necessary safety in train operation,
modern railway signalling plays an important role in determining the capacity of a
section .The capacity decides the number of trains that can run on a single day. By
proper signalling the capacity can be increased to a considerable extent without
resorting to costlier alternatives.

Chapter

Handbook on Basic Concepts of Railway Signalling

The essential components of railway signalling:

The fixed signals provided by the side of the railway track with indication in the
form of colour lights are the actual authority to a driver to get in to the portion of
the track beyond the signal. At stations the trains may be received on any one of
the platform lines. To take the train to any specific track, points are provided. The
purpose of the point on the track is to divert the train from one track to adjacent
one. Hence the signal has to be connected to the points in an arrangement called
interlocking. This Interlocking arrangement only ensures that a point is correctly set
for the particular route or a track and the signal conveys this information to the
driver.
Handbook on Basic Concepts of Railway Signalling

Basic Track Structure

- Point & Crossing

Trains run on dedicated line .A line consists of two rails running parallel to each
other.

This is also called „Track „. The width of the track is 5‟6”in Broad gauge (B.G)

The track is represented in Signalling plans by a single line as shown below.

In station yards there will be more than one track for receiving and dispatching
trains.

Points are provided to divert the running trains from one track to another. The
points
have movable switches which can be operated electrically by a point machine.

Chapter

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Hand Book on Railway Signalling in Indian Railways

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A complete handbook of railway signaling system used in Indian Railways. A must

for railway signal engineers of Indian railways.(This book was dow... (More) A
complete handbook of railway signaling system used in Indian Railways. A must for
railway signal engineers of Indian railways.(This book was downloaded from
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Saraswathi Penneru left a comment

who wrote this book?

08 / 03 / 2010

Reply

vikas_shri replied:

I didn't !!

08 / 07 / 2010
Saraswathi Penneru left a comment

Very good book.....

08 / 03 / 2010

Reply

martaperalta left a comment

Very educational. I was looking for a standard protocole to measure ballast

insulation, and got caught in your article. Do you know of any norm defining how to
carry out this measurements? Appreciated. Marta

06 / 18 / 2010

Reply

vikas_shri replied:

Thanks for appreciation. Please go to page 6 of the document " Track Circuit FOR
RAILWAY". Detailed instructions are given for measurement of ballast
resistance/insulation. Vikas

06 / 23 / 2010

talpasai21 left a comment

I feel some pages are missing in the book !! can u provide those pages too... thanks
for keeping... nice one

01 / 25 / 2010

Reply

zrti left a comment

thanx for keeping ,it benefits trainers.

06 / 10 / 2009

Reply

vikas_shri replied:

You from ZRTI? Which one?

03 / 07 / 2010

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