SLTC – XII. Latin American Conference on Rubber, Buenos Aires, Argentina Sept.

23-27, 2013

Performance of Low-PAH Oils in

Rubber Applications
Dr. Markus Hoffmann
NYNAS AB
NYNAS - a highly specialized oil company

Nynas is a highly
12% Fuels
specialized oil company
21% NSP
Fuels 96%
Our main product areas:
Naphthenic specialty
products (NSP) 67% Bitumen

Bitumen
Bitumen, specialty
oils and lubes 4%

Traditional Nynas
oil company total sales by
volume 2011

Source: NYNAS AB

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Global capabilities
In Tyre Oils Nynas has local presence in 27 countries
Production sites in Nynäshamn (SE), Gothenurg (SE),
Harburg (DE), Dundee (UK), Eastham (UK), Antwerp
(BE), Three Rivers (US), Isla (Curacao)
Our global distribution network including depots ensures a
steady supply of required quantities

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Global capabilities
The addition of the Harburg refinery in Germany from January 2014
safeguards Nynas capacity to meet current and future demand

More than 300.000 tonnes increased capacity of specialty oils

A direct impact on availability of all grades
For use all over the world

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 Which oils are used in tires? … Review

Aromatic extracts (DAEs) have been used for decades to

plastify polar rubbers

1980s: First low-viscosity, low-PAH naphthenic oil

being used in niche tire applications

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Nynas AB and Market Support 9/16/2013
2013-09-11
 2010 – The year of change

Legislation
2005: Tire Directive 2005/69/EC in Europe
2006: Annex XVII to Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006
(REACH)

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Nynas Development
AB, Technical Market and Market Support
Support 9/16/2013
2013-09-11
1907/2006/EC (REACH), Annex XVII, Entry 50
Extender oils shall not be placed on the market, or used for production of
tires or parts of tires if they contain:
more than 1 ppm of

or, more than 10 ppm of the sum of all listed PAHs

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 Tire Oils – Review

2010: EU directive (REACH)

Replacement of DAEs
R+D investments to adjust rubber formulations
Various alternative oils on the market:

Heavy Naphthenics RAE SRAE

MES DAE TDAE

TRAE Naphthenic Black Oil

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IISRP Nomenclature for ESBR

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 Group I Oil Refining

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 Naphthenic Oil Refining at Nynas

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 PAH Content of Low-PAH Oils

Sum 8 PAHs (10 ppm Limit) BaP (1 ppm Limit)

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Low-PAH Oils – Global Impact
European Union
EU Directive 2005/69/EC is in place
since Jan 1, 2010. Replacement of
aromatic extracts in whole Europe.
North America
Historically, a
Naphthenic market Russia
and wide use of Replacement of aromatic
low-PAH oils extracts by 2016.

Asia
Use of low-PAH oils for
export

South America
Use of low-PAH oils for
export, new legislation filed
in Brazil

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 Consumer Tire Labelling
Japan
US Mandatory label in
Label on its way? EU place
Label in 2012

Korea
Mandatory label from
Nov. 2012

Brazil
Draft legislation filed

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 Key Performance Parameters for Tyres

Rolling Resistance (Fuel Economy)

Wet Grip (Road Safety)

Noise Emissions

Tread Wear

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 Summer Tyre Test Results 2009 - 2011

Wet Grip

Rolling Resistance

Data: Dutch Government

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 Case Study: SUV/Light Truck

13,500 miles is the average annual mileage in the US (2011 data

by the Federal Highway Administration)
3.87 US $ per gallon was the average gas price in the US in
Sept. 2012
20 MPG is the average fuel consumption for most popular
SUV/light trucks in 2012

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 Case Study: SUV/Light Truck

Data calculated with LANXESS Fuel Saving Calculator

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Tire Labelling: How to get better ratings?

Raw Materials

Tyre Design Process

& Modeling Equipment

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 How does the oil influence
the rubber performance?

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 Process Oils by Viscosity Range
Viscosities at 40 °C / 100 °F

450 930 1850 3700 6950 13900 27800 55600 SUS

100 200 400 800 1500 3000 6000 12000 cSt

NBO
TDAE Naphthenic
MES

RAE
DAE
Heavy

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 Process Oils by Tg Range

- 85 - 76 - 67 - 58 - 49 - 40 - 31 °F
- 65 - 60 - 55 - 50 - 45 - 40 - 35 °C

Napht. Black Oil

(P)TDAE

Naphthenic
Heavy

DAE
MES

RAE
(N)TDAE
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 Rubber Test 1
Oils for functionalized SSBR

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Oil Properties

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Tire Tread Formulation

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Mooney Viscosity

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Curing Time

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Scorch Time

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Rebound @ 60 °C

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Tensile Strength

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Elongation at Break

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Tear Strength

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DIN Abrasion

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tan δ – temperature sweep

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Wet Grip

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Rolling Resistance

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 Getting the balance right
better

Naphthenic
Black Oil
Fuel Economy

TDAE / MES

RAE

DAE

better
Wet Grip

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 Rubber Test 2
Oils for EPDM

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EPDM Formulation (Sulfur Cure)

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Mooney Viscosity

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Hardness Shore A

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Compression Set

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Rebound @ 60 °C

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Tensile Strength

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Elongation at Break

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Tear Strength

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DIN Abrasion

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 Conclusions

Tire tread compounds with Naphthenic Black Oil show a superior

performance in terms of fuel saving and hence help cutting CO2
emissions.

Today’s portfolio of low-PAH tire oils provides an excellent toolbox to

steer the balance between rolling resistance and wet grip.

Nynas offers a wide range of process oils for EPDM applications.

The oils allow to optimize the performance of the rubber.

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 Thank you for your attention.

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