Introduction

A burglar alarm system is designed to detect an unauthorized entry into a house or area.
Burglar alarm systems can be used in residential buildings, commercial buildings, offices,
industries and even in military locations.

Components

 IR receiver.
 IC LM358.
 Resistor 10k, 1k.
 7805 voltage regulator.
 LED
 Buzzer

Circuit diagram

Working

In this project, the transmitter section includes an IR sensor, which transmits continuous IR
rays to be received by an IR receiver module. An IR output terminal of the receiver varies
depending upon its receiving of IR rays. Since this variation cannot be analyzed as such,
therefore this output can be fed to a comparator circuit. Here an operational amplifier (op-
amp) of LM 358 is used as comparator circuit.

You can see the connections in the circuit diagram. Voltage divider is connected in non-
inverting end of LM358 (PIN 3). And inverting end (PIN 2) is connected to the IR receiver.

When we turn ON the circuit there IR detected and the Output of the comparator is low.
When IR is detected it wills high (which is connected to the inverting end of comparator)
gets higher than the voltage at non-inverting end, then the output becomes low and LED
turns off. When no IR detected led will on and beeps the buzzer. Voltage at inverting end,
 which is also called Threshold Voltage, can be set by replacing resistors. Higher the voltage
at inverting end (-), less sensitive the sensor and Lower the voltage at inverting end (-),
more sensitive the sensor.

LM358

LM358 is an operational amplifier (Op-Amp) and in this circuit we are using it as a voltage
comparator. The LM358 has two independent voltage comparators inside it, which can be
powered by single PIN, so we can use the single IC to build two IR sensor modules. We have
used only one comparator here, which have inputs at PIN 2 & 3 and output at PIN 1. Voltage
comparator has two inputs; one is inverting input and second is non-inverting input (PIN 2 and
3 in LM358). When voltage at non-inverting input (+) is higher than the voltage at inverting
input (-), then the output of comparator (PIN 1) is high. And if the voltage of inverting input (-)
is Higher than non-inverting end (+), then output is LOW.

IR Transmitter

Infrared or IR is a range of light frequencies that have longer wavelength than visible light.
Hence, they are not visible to human eye. An IR transmitter or IR LED is a device that emits
infrared light.

Photo Diode

A photo diode is a device that converts light to electrical current. It is basically a PN junction
that operates in reverse bias condition. When light falls on the photo diode, reverse bias
current flows in the junction that is proportional to the luminescence of the light.