Introduction

A fire detector is a sensor designed to detect and respond to the presence of a flame or fire,
allowing flame detection. Responses to a detected flame depend on the installation, but can
include sounding an alarm, deactivating a fuel line (such as a propane or a natural gas line), and
activating a fire suppression system. When used in applications such as industrial furnaces, their
role is to provide confirmation that the furnace is properly lit; in these cases they take no direct
action beyond notifying the operator or control system. A flame detector can often respond
faster and more accurately than a smoke or heat detector due to the mechanisms it uses to
detect the flame.

Components

 IR receiver.
 IC LM358.
 Resistor 10k, 1k.
 7805 voltage regulator.
 LED.
 Buzzer.

Circuit diagram

Working

You can see the connections in the circuit diagram. Voltage divider is connected in inverting
end of LM358 (PIN 2). And non-inverting end (PIN 3) is connected to the fire sensor.

When we turn ON the circuit there no fire detected and the Output of the comparator is
LOW. When we fire is detected it will high (which is connected to the non-inverting end of
comparator) gets higher than the voltage at inverting end, then the output becomes HIGH
and LED turns ON and beep the buzzer. Voltage at inverting end, which is also called
Threshold Voltage, can be set by replacing resistors. Higher the voltage at inverting end (-),
 less sensitive the sensor and Lower the voltage at inverting end (-), more sensitive the
sensor.

LM358

LM358 is an operational amplifier (Op-Amp) and in this circuit we are using it as a voltage
comparator. The LM358 has two independent voltage comparators inside it, which can be
powered by single PIN, so we can use the single IC to build two IR sensor modules. We have
used only one comparator here, which have inputs at PIN 2 & 3 and output at PIN 1. Voltage
comparator has two inputs; one is inverting input and second is non-inverting input (PIN 2 and
3 in LM358). When voltage at non-inverting input (+) is higher than the voltage at inverting
input (-), then the output of comparator (PIN 1) is high. And if the voltage of inverting input (-)
is Higher than non-inverting end (+), then output is LOW.

 Application
Can be used in homes, gas filling station, vehicles.