Experiment 2

Circuit Simplification
a. Series and Parallel Circuit.
b. Star and Delta Transformation
 SVKM’S NMIMS
Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering

Department of Electronics &Telecommunication Engineering

BEE & Electronics Lab

Course: - Basic Electrical Engineering

Experiment 2a

Series circuit & Parallel circuit

Aim:

1. To connect the resistors in series, calculate the total resistance and

verify using a multimeter.
2. To find the voltage across each resistor using voltage divider resistor
and verify using multimeter.
3. To connect the resistors in parallel, calculate the total resistance and
verify it using a multimeter.
4. To find the current through each branch of the parallel circuit and
verify it using a multimeter.

Components:
DC Ammeter (0-100 mA)
Resistances (1.8KΩ, 5.6KΩ,8.2KΩ)
DC Supply (10V, 5V)
Breadboard
Connecting Wires

Circuit Diagram:
 R1
R1 R2 R3 1k

1k 3.3K 4.7K

R2
3.3K

R3
4.7K

V
10V V1
10V
+

+
Fig. a: Series Circuit Fig. b: Parallel Circuit

Theory:
SERIES CIRCUIT:
A group of resistance when arranged in a way such that the same
current flows through them, it is known as series combination of resistance.
For series connected resistor circuit:
IT = I1 = I2 = I3
VT = V1 + V2 + V3
The Total resistance of series connected resistors is
Req = R1 + R2 + R3

VOLTAGE DIVIER RULE:

Voltage divider rule is used to find the voltage across each branch of the series
connected circuit. For the circuit shown in above figure a the voltage divider
rules gives the following voltages across each element:

V1 = VT . (R1)/ (R1+R2+R3)
V2 = VT . (R2)/ (R1+ R2+ R3)
V3 = VT . (R3)/ (R1+ R2+ R3)

PARALLEL CIRCUIT:
A group of resistance when arranged in a way that the potential difference
across all the parallel connected resistors is the same, it is known as parallel
combination of resistance.

For Parallel connected resistors:

IT = I1 + I2 + I3
 VT = V1 = V2 = V3

The total resistance of parallel connected resistors is given by :

1/RT = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3

CURRENT DIVIDER RULE:

Current divider rule is used to find the current flowing though each branch of
a parallel connected circuit. For the circuit shown in above figure the current
divider rules gives the following branch currents:

I1 = IT . (R2R3)/ (R1R2 + R2R3 + R1R3)

I2 = IT . (R1R3)/ (R1R2 + R2R3 + R1R3)
I3 = IT . (R1R2)/ (R1R2 + R2R3 + R1R3)

Procedure:

SERIES CIRCUIT

a) Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram

b) Adjust V=10V.
c) Calculate the current through the circuit by simplifying the circuit.
c) Measure the current through main branch by connecting the ammeter in
series with the resistances.
d) Calculate the voltage across each resistor using voltage divider rule.
d) Measure the voltage across each of the resistor by connecting the voltmeter
in parallel across each of the resistances. Calculate total voltage drop.
e) Verify the Ohm’s Law.

PARALLEL CIRCUIT:

Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram.

b) Adjust V=10V.
c) Measure the current through main branch by connecting the ammeter in
series with the voltage source as shown.
d) Now measure the current through each of the resistances by connecting the
ammeter in series with each resistance.
e) Verify the Ohm’s Law.

Observation Table:
SERIES CIRCUIT
Individual resistors (measured by DMM):
R1 = ________ , R2= __________, R3=_________
Theoretical: Rs = R1 + R2 + R3 = _____________

Experimental : ________________

Parameter Voltages Voltages Voltage using

(Practically) (Theorotical) Voltage divider
V = IR theorem
V1(Across R1)
V2(Across R2)
V3(Across R3)
Total Voltage
drop

PARALLEL CIRCUIT:

Individual resistors (measured by DMM):

R1 = ________ , R2= __________, R3=_________

Theoretical: 1/Rp = (1/R1 )+(1/ R2 )+ (1/R3 ) = _____________

Experimental : ________________

Parameter Current (mA) Current (mA) Current (mA)

Practical Value Theorotical Values using current
divider rule.
I1(Through (V/R1)
R1)
I2(Through (V/R2)
R2)
I3(Through (V/R3)
R3)

Conclusion: To be written by student.

1. For series circuit

2. For parallel circuit
 SVKM’S NMIMS
Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering

Department of Electronics &Telecommunication Engineering

BEE & Electronics Lab

Course: - Basic Electrical Engineering

Experiment 2b

Star and Delta Transformation

Aim : To verify the equivalence between the star and delta connected
electrical circuit.

Components:
DC Ammeter (0-100 mA)
Resistances (1K, 2.2K, 1.8K)
DC Supply (10V, 5V)
Breadboard
Connecting Wires

Theory :

In solving networks having considerable number of branches by the

application of Kirchhoff's Laws, one sometimes experiences great difficulty
due to a large number of simultaneous equation that have to be solve.
However, such complicated networks can be simplified by successively
replacing delta meshes by equivalent star systems and vice versa.
As shown in Fig. 1, three resistance R 12,R23 and R13 connected in delta fashion
between terminals 1,2 and 3 can be replaced by the three resistances R 1, R2
and R3 connected in star as shown in Fig.2. These two arrangements will be
electrically equivalent if the resistance as measured between any pair of
terminals is the same in both arrangements.
 1. To convert from delta connection to star connection

2. To convert from star connection to delta connection

Procedure:

1. Connect the circuit shown below in Fig.

2. Switch off the supply and measure the resistance between ab, bc and ac.
Enter the readings in the table given.
3. Switch on the supply voltage.
4. Measure the voltage at terminals ab and current through ab and verify it with
the mathematically computed values
Circuit Diagram:

Observation Table:

Calculated Values

Delta to Star Conversion

R1 R2 R3
Calculated value
Measured value

Vab Vbc Vbd Vcd IT

Calculated values using delta
to star conversion
Practical values

IT : __________________(calculated)
: ___________________(measured)
Calculations:
Conclusion: