UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

CAWANGAN PAHANG

ASSIGNMENT 1
SEMESTER MAC 2020 – JULY 2020

COURSE : CIVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS

COURSE CODE : ECS246

NAME :…NORHAZARINA BINTI ABDULLAH……………………………………

ID. NUMBER :…2018279252………………………………………………………………
GROUP : …EC1104C………………………………………………………………..
LECTURER : …DR HAMIZAH BINTI MOKHTAR……………………………………..

TOPIC LEVEL MARKS CO2:PO5

P1-P3 10

P4 3
2
P4 4

P5 3
TOTAL 20 /20

Set 2
PROBLEM SCENARIO

A developer intends to build a double-story building in Bandar Jengka. The locate authority
requested to have additional concrete sump for TNB main hole.

a) As a site supervisor, you are required to propose suitable strength for the concrete sump
and carried out the procedures to design concrete mix proportion using specification in
Table 1.0. (CO2-PO5) (P1-P3)
(10 marks)

Table 1.0: Specification for concrete mix

1 Proportion defective 5% (k=1.64)

2 Slump required 75 mm
3 Maximum free water / cement ratio 0.6
4 Aggregate type:
Coarse aggregate Crushed
Fine aggregate uncrushed
5 Standard deviation 8 N/mm2
6 Maximum aggregate size 20 mm
7 Relative density 2.65
8 Grading of fine aggregate-percentage passing 600 µm 45%
sieve
9 Type of cement OPC

b) Figure 1 shows cross-section view and plan view of the concrete sump. Given that the
thickness of the slab and wall is 300 mm. If the concrete wastage is 12%, calculate
concrete volume that will be required. (CO2PO5)(P4).
(3 marks)

c) Based on question in (b) and concrete mix proportion that had been carried out,
calculate the batch quantities for each ingredients of concrete. (CO2-PO5)(P4).
(4 marks)

d) If the cement type is changed to Sulphate-resisting Portland (SRPC), how much is the
water content required as compared to current mix design. (CO2-PO5)(P5).
(3 marks)

Asnwer :
205 kg/m3, same value as the current mix design.
Determination of free water content is depending upon the type and maximum size of
the aggregate also the required slump.
The type of cement does affect the value of the water content required.

Set 2
 Figure 1: Cross-section and plan view of
concrete sump

300 mm = 0.3 m

Volume = Wall (front and back) + slab + Wall (right and left)

Volume = 2 ( 2 x 2 x 0.3 ) + ( 2 x 2 x 0.3 ) + 2 ( ( 2 – 0.6 ) x 2 x 0.3 )

= 5.28 m3

Total Volume = 5.28 + 12%

= 5.4 m3

Set 2
 APPENDIX
Stage Item Ref. Values
1 1.1 Characteristic strength 35 N/mm2 at 28 days

1.2 Standard deviation Proportion Defectives ___5___ %

8 N/mm2 or no data N/mm2

(k = __1.64 )

1.3 Margin 1.64 x 8 = 13.12 ~ 13 N/mm2

1.4 Target mean strength 35 + 13 = 48 N/mm2

1.5 Cement type OPC/SRPC/RHPC
1.6 Aggregate type: Coarse Crushed/Uncrushed
Aggregate type: Fine Crushed/Uncrushed

1.7 Free water/cement ratio __ 0.51__

Use the lower value 0.51
1.8 Maximum free water/cement __0.6___
ratio

2 2.1 Slump or Vebe time Slump 75 mm or Vebe time s

2.2 Maximum aggregate size __20___ mm

2.3 Free-water content 205 kg/m3

3 3.1 Cement content 205 / 0.51 = 402 kg/m3

3.2 Maximum cement content N/A kg/m3
Use cement
3.3 Minimum cement content _ _N/A__kg/m3 content
Use 3.1, if < 3.2
Use 3.3, if ≥ 3.1
3.4 Modified free-water/cement N/A
ratio
4 4.1 Relative density of aggregate
(SSD) __2.65____known/assumed

4.2 Concrete density ___2380_ kg/m3

4.3 Total aggregate content 2380 – 420 – 205 = 1755 kg/m3

5 5.1 Grading of fine aggregate Percentage passing 600μm 45 %

5.2 Proportion of fine aggregate __43__ %

5.3 Fine aggregate content ____43% x 1755___ = 755 kg/m3

5.4 Coarse aggregate content ____1755 – 755 ___ = 1000 kg/m3

Fine Aggregate Coarse Aggregate (kg)

Quantities Water (kg) Cement (kg)
(kg) 10 mm 20 mm 40 mm
1m3
(To nearest ___205____ ___405___ __755___ _______ _1000_ _____
5kg)
Per trial mix of
_520.7_ __1028.7_ _1917.7_ _______ _2540_ _____
__2.54___ m3

Set 2
Table 2.0: Approximate compressive strengths of concrete mixes mode with a free-water/
cement ratio of 0.5

Type of
Type of Compressive strength* (MPa (psi) at the age of (days):
coarse
cement
aggregate 3 7 28 91
Ordinary
Portland
(Type II)
Uncrushed 22 (3200) 30 (3200) 42 (6100) 49 (7100)
Sulphate-
resisting
Crushed 27 (3900) 36 (5200) 49 (7100) 56 (8100)
Portland
(Type V)

Rapid-
Uncrushed 29 (4200) 37 (5400) 48 (7000) 54 (7800)
hardening
Portland
Crushed 34 (4900) 43 (6200) 55 (8000) 61 (8900)
(Type III)

Table 3.0: Approximate free water content required for various level of workability
according to the 1988 DOE method
(Source: Neville, A.M., 1995, p: 765)

Aggregate Water content, kg/m3 (lb/yd3) for:

Slump, mm 0–10 10–30 30–60 60 – 180
Max.
(in) (0 -1/2) (1/2 – 1) (1–2½) (2½-7)
size Type
mm (in) Vebe test, s >12 6–12 3–6 0–3
Uncrushed 150 (255) 180 (305) 205 (345) 225 (380)
10 (3/8)
Crushed 180 (305) 205 (345) 230 (390) 250 (420)
Uncrushed 135 (230) 160 (270) 180 (305) 195 (330)
20 (3/4)
Crushed 170 (285) 190 (320) 210 (355) 225 (380)
Uncrushed 115 (195) 140 (235) 160 (270) 175 (295)
40 (11/2)
Crushed 155 (260) 175 (295) 190 (320) 205 (345)

2 1
𝑤𝑓 + 𝑤𝑐
3 3
2 1
= 3 (195) + 3
(225)

= 205

Set 2
 0.51
0.51

Set 2
 Figure 1: Relationship between compressive strength and free-water/ cement ratio.

2380

Figure 2: Estimated wet density of fully compacted concrete

Set 2
 43

Figure 3.0: Recommended proportions of fine aggregate according to percentage

passing a 600 µm sieve

Set 2