Laminates & Veneers

Contents

⦿ Definitions
⦿ History
⦿ Indications
⦿ Contraindication
⦿ Classification

⦿ Direct Partial Veneers

⦿ Direct Full Veneers
⦿ Indirect Veneers
 Definitions

⦿ Veneer: a layer of tooth colored restorative

material that is applied to a tooth for restoring
localized or generalized defects or discolorations
esthetically.
⦿ Teeth need to be changed in their size, shape &
position in the arch.
⦿ Laminate: overall shape of the tooth is NOT
changed.
 History
⦿ 1930 – Charles Pinkus used denture adhesives to
hold porcelain veneers in Hollywood artists.
⦿ 1955 – Buonocore introduced acid etching which
made bonding procedures to tooth possible.
⦿ 1960s – composites used to restore labial surface of
tooth
⦿ 1980s – porcelain bonded to acid etched enamel by
using 10% hydrofluoric acid to etch porcelain &
subsequent bonding to etched, primed adhesive
applied tooth surface.
 Indication

⦿ Tooth discolorations
⦿ Enamel defects
⦿ Diastema closure
⦿ Malpositioned ? Malformed teeth
⦿ Fractured crowns
⦿ To restore attrition, abrasion & erosive defects
 Contraindications:

⦿ Less enamel present for acid etching procedures

⦿ Difficulty in etching enamel – Flourosis,
Deciduous teeth
⦿ Parafunctional habits – bruxism
⦿ High caries index
⦿ Mandibular anterior teeth – due to their small
size and limited enamel
 Classification:

⦿ A) according to method of fabrication:

› Direct
● Full
● Partial
› Indierct
● Full
● Partial
 Classification:

⦿ B) according to area of involvement

› Full with window preparation
› Full with incisal lapping
› Partial

⦿ Type of material used:

› Composite resin
› Ceramic
 Classification:

⦿ Grand’s Clasification:
› Direct
● Reversible Technique
● Intraenamel Preparation
› Indirect
● Veneers for metal restorations
 Reversible Technique

⦿ Involves no preparation of tooth surface

⦿ If patient does not like the veneer, it can be
removed hence called “Reversible Technique”
⦿ Disadvantages:
› Overcontoured appearance of tooth
› Artificial look
› May get dislodged easily.
 Intraenamel Preparation

⦿ Enamel is removed (1 -1.5 mm) to..

⦿ Create enough space for restoration
⦿ Rough surface for etching
⦿ Remove Fluoride rich superficial layer which is
resistant to bonding
⦿ To establish definite finish line
 Direct Veneers:

⦿ Direct Partial Veneer:

› Indication:
● Small localized defects

› Advantages:
● Single sitting
● Economic

› Disadvantage:
› Manual dexterity required
 Direct Veneer:
⦿ Direct Full Veneer:
› Indication:
● When majority of the labial surface is to be restored
› 2 types:
› Window preparation:
● Preserves functional lingual/incisal surfaces thus
protecting veneers from occlusal stresses
› Incisal Lapping:
● When tooth needs crown lengthening
● When incisal defects have to be restored.
 Indirect Veneers:

⦿ Indication:
› Patient lacks time for longer direct techniques (as the
fabrication can be done later in the lab)
› Better shade matching & fit
⦿ Classification:
› Processed composite veneers
› Feldspathic porcelain veneers
› Pressable porcelain veneers
› Castable porcelain veneers Etched
porcelain
veneers
 Indirect Veneers:
⦿ A) Processed composite veneers:
› Indications:
● As interim restoration till tooth erupts finally
● When significant wear of porcelain veneers is expected
› Advantages:
● Superior properties than direct composite veneers
● Better shade matching & strength
● Easy finishing & polishing
› Disadvantages:
● costly
 Etched Porcelain Veneers:

⦿ Advantages:

› Better bond to tooth surface

› Resistant to abrasion
› Excellent esthetics
› Better fit
› Better biocompatibility than composites
 Etched Porcelain Veneers:

⦿ Disadvantages:
› Technique sensitive
› Time consuming
› Multiple visits
› Repair is difficult
› costly
 Etched Porcelain Veneers:

⦿ Materials used:
› Castable glass ceramic
› Pressable ceramic
› Feldspathic porcelain