Behavior Based

Safety
PPT-SM-BBS
1 2014
Copyright © 2014 by PEC Safety Management, Inc.
 Behavior Based Safety
• Behavior based safety (BBS) is a process that helps
you and your coworkers identify and choose a safe
behavior over an unsafe one
• For BBS to work, all levels of company workers and
management must work together
• BBS looks at how three things interact to improve
safety
– Person
– Work Environment
– Behavior
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 Dr. Geller’s Safety Triad
Three elements of the safety triad
• Person – knowledge, skills, abilities, intelligence,
motives, personality, attitudes, and values
• Environment – equipment, tools, machines,
housekeeping, heat/cold, engineering, materials,
safety rules, standards, operating procedures
• Behavior – complying, coaching, recognizing,
communicating, actively caring
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 Dr. Geller’s Safety Triad
To ensure safety
• Actively care about environment and improving
workplace conditions
• Acknowledge personal rights and motivate
workers to be safe
• Reduce at-risk behaviors and increase safe
behaviors
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 Principles of Behavior Based Safety
Basic principles of BBS
• Behavior is a cause of accidents
• Observe – measure – manage
• Feedback is essential to improvement
• Consequences motivate behavior
• Communication is the key
• Participation creates ownership
• Continuous improvement happens when we work together
• Be proactive rather than reactive

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 Behavior versus Attitude
• Behavior - what you do
• Attitude - what you think, feel, or believe
– BBS strives to instill a safety-oriented attitude
– A bad attitude may result in
o Committing an unsafe act
o Failing to do something you should or could have
done to prevent an accident
– Many accidents are directly related to workers’
attitudes
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 Behavior versus Attitude
• Your attitude and behavior
(actions) create the proper
atmosphere for safety
• It is vital that you and every
worker be involved in creating The three A’s of
a safety atmosphere safety
• Supervisors and managers •
•
Atmosphere
Attitude
must lead by example • Actions

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 Behavior versus Attitude
Barriers to safe behavior
• Untrained or unskilled workers
• Complacency
• Disagreement on safe practices
• Personal choice
• Culture
• Ineffective management systems
• Inappropriate rewards
• Poor facilities and equipment
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 ABC Model
One way to look at how changing your
behavior can improve safety is the ABC
Model
• A = Activator – triggers behavior
• B = Behavior – what we do
• C = Consequence – reinforcement or
punishment
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 ABC Model
• Your attitude (the activator) affects how you behave
• Your behavior has consequences
– Consequences can either reinforce or deter a behavior
– Positive reinforcement enforces safe behavior
– Negative reinforcement deters unsafe behavior
• BBS training attempts to reduce work-related injuries
by creating a culture of safe behavior through
– Observation
– Feedback
– Positive intervention
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 Situations of Accident Potential
Look out for situations of accident potential (SOAP)
• Recognize potential hazards or safety problems
• Fix these problems before you start a job
• Observe SOAP when you get to the jobsite
• Be proactive
• Recognize threats that may not be immediately obvious
– A slippery spot on the ground
– A nail sticking up in a board
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 Building a BBS Program
Four Key Components to BBS Programs
1. Correct behavior list
– Determine the safe way to do the job
2. Observation card
– Observe and record unsafe behaviors
3. Feedback process
– Deliver feedback immediately following an observation
4. Measurement tool
– BBS is an ongoing process
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 Correct Behavior List
• Identify unsafe behaviors
• Determine the alternate safe behavior
• Use this list to know what to look for in
observation

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 Observation Process
• Know how to observe for
– Unsafe acts
– Unsafe conditions
– SOAP
• Know how to
– Stop work
– Correct unsafe behaviors
– Report unsafe behaviors to management
o Workers must not be penalized for reporting unsafe
behaviors
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 Observation Process
Six steps to observation process
1. Observe
– Observe the job to make sure you understand what the
worker is doing and provide necessary feedback
2. Understand
– Communicate effectively; make sure the workers
understand why their behavior is unsafe
3. Identify alternate behavior
– Coach the worker in the correct, safe behavior and
allow change for safer way of getting the job done
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 Observation Process
4. Clarify commitment
– Make it clear that workers are committed to doing the
job safely through feedback and positive intervention
5. Obtain agreement
– Workers must agree to change unsafe behavior to an
alternate safe behavior
6. Observe to follow-up
– Observe workers at a later date to make sure they are
using the safe behavior; reinforce the safe behavior with
positive feedback
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 Feedback Process
• Deliver feedback immediately following an
observation
• Safe behavior observed
– Feedback should acknowledge and reinforce it
• Unsafe behavior observed
– Identify cause of unsafe behavior
– Explain why the behavior was unsafe
– Offer an alternative safe behavior
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 Feedback Process
• It is important that feedback be positive
• The feedback process should detail better,
safer ways to do the job
• Organize safety meetings to reinforce
feedback
• You are part of a team
• Your goal should be to make a positive
change to a safer work environment
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 Measurement Tool
• BBS must be an ongoing process
• For BBS to work, everyone needs to be
involved
• Companies that see results from BBS
– Keep up data entry
– Use performance charts
– Use observation reports
– Set specific safety goals
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 Roles and Responsibilities of BBS
Managers
• Provide oversight for supervisors
• Understand the BBS process
• Eliminate organizational issues

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 Roles and Responsibilities of BBS
Supervisors
• Keep all personal observation data confidential
• Ensure that no disciplinary actions are taken because of
observation
• Provide enough time for workers to perform observations
and properly document them
• Understand what the data is saying about safety
performance
• Remove any barriers to safe behavior
• Make BBS a part of daily operations for themselves and
their workers
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 Roles and Responsibilities of BBS
Workers
• Develop a positive safety attitude
• Participate in BBS training
• Understand and participate in BBS process
• Participate in safety meetings that support the BBS
process
• Keep an eye on fellow coworkers
• Take a direct role in making sure everyone is
working safely
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22 2014
 Roles and Responsibilities of BBS
Safety/Steering Committee
• Develop action plan based on reported
observations
• Communicate issues at safety meetings
• Make safety recommendations to management
• Provide BBS training to ensure all workers are
using the program consistently
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23 2014
 PPT-SM-BBS
24 2014
Sign and date this quiz sheet. Name: Date:
Circle the letter representing the correct

Safety Meeting Quiz: Behavior-Based Safety

answer to each quiz question below.

1. BBS is a process that helps you and your coworkers choose a safe behavior over an
unsafe one.
A. true
B. false

2. %HKDYLRULVGHÀQHGDVBBBBBBBBBBBB
A. what you do
B. what you think, feel, or believe
C. a situation of accident potential

Behavior-Based Safety
D. committing an unsafe act

3. <RXUDWWLWXGHLVBBBBBBBBBBBBB
A. what you do
B. what you think, feel, or believe
C. a situation of accident potential
D. committing an unsafe act

4. You attitude has no effect on your behavior.

A. true
B. false

5. $FRQVHTXHQFHBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
A. triggers behavior
B. is what you do
C. can either reinforce or deter a behavior
D. all of the above

6. )HHGEDFNVKRXOGEHGHOLYHUHGBBBBBBBBBBBIROORZLQJDQREVHUYDWLRQ
A. immediately
B. in a safety meeting
C. privately
D. publicly

7. 5HLQIRUFHDVDIHEHKDYLRUZLWKBBBBBBBBBBBBBBIHHGEDFN
A. positive
B. negative
C. neutral
D. none of the above

8. )RU%%6WRZRUNBBBBBBBBBBQHHGVWREHLQYROYHG
A. a supervisor
B. a manager
C. an operator
D. everyone

9. :RUNHUVDUHUHVSRQVLEOHIRUBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
© 2014 PEC Safety, Inc.

A. keeping an eye on fellow coworkers

B. developing a positive safety attitude
C. participating in BBS training
D. all of the above

10. :RUNHUVPXVWQRWEHSHQDOL]HGIRUUHSRUWLQJXQVDIHEHKDYLRUV
A. true
B. false

QUIZ-SM-BEHAVIOR-BASED SAFETY
REV. JAN.24 2014
 Instructors: The following key shows the answers for the Behavior-Based Safety safety meeting quiz.
Behavior-Based Safety
Safety Meeting Answer Key: Behavior-Based Safety
1. A

2. A

3. B

4. B

5. C

6. A

7. A

8. D

9. D

10. A
© 2014 PEC Safety, Inc.

KEY-SM-BEHAVIOR-BASED SAFETY
REV. JAN.24 2014
 This is to certify that

has successfully completed the

PEC Safety Meeting

Behavior Based Safety

Instructor Date Awarded