LA SALLE UNIVERSITY

Nursing Department
Ozamiz City

Subject: Competency Appraisal 2 Christian Joshua T. Lamban, MN, MAN

Date: Assistant Professor 1

NURSING RESEARCH

Instructions: Carefully read the statements and select the appropriate answers from the 4 choices. Write
your answer along with their rationales after each question.

Multiple Choice: (30 points)

1. Which one of the following statements about hypotheses is most accurate?

A. Hypotheses represent the main idea to be studied and are the foundations of research studies.
B. Hypotheses help frame a test of the validity of a theory.
C. Hypotheses provide the means to test nursing theory.
D. A hypothesis can also be called a problem statement.

2. A nurse wants to study the effectiveness of meditation on people with anxiety disorder. Which
variable would be most relevant to explore in the literature on this topic?

A. Use of meditation during childbirth

B. Meditation techniques found to be effective
C. Pain management for people with anxiety disorders
D. Outcomes of meditation when used by elderly populations

3. What is a characteristic of an independent variable?

A. It is the variable that is predicted to change.

B. It varies with a change in the dependent variable.
C. It is manipulated by the researcher.
D. It can be identified only by changes in the dependent variable.

4. Which statement is most accurate regarding hypotheses?

A. Hypotheses operationally define the dependent variables.

B. Hypotheses are statements about the relationships among variables.
C. Hypotheses describe the effect of the dependent variable on the independent variable.
D. Hypotheses must include a definition of the treatment or intervention used.

5. What is a characteristic of a hypothesis?

A. It flows from interpretation of the data collected.

B. It operationally defines the variable to be studied.
C. It eliminates the need to designate a dependent variable.
D. It implies a causative or associative relationship.
6. When should a hypothesis be developed by the researcher during the research process?

A. Before development of the research question

B. After development of the research question
C. After a research design is determined
D. Before any statistical analysis

7. Which research hypothesis is most testable?

A. There is a relationship between meditation and anxiety disorders.

B. Patients with anxiety disorders who learn meditation techniques have less anxiety than those who do
not.
C. Teaching one meditation technique to patients with anxiety disorders will be better than teaching
multiple techniques.
D. The ability to meditate causes lower anxiety in patients with anxiety disorder than those who do not
meditate.

8. What is a characteristic of a statistical hypothesis?

A. It is a null hypothesis.
B. It predicts a positive relationship among variables.
C. It is a complex hypothesis.
D. It describes data-analysis methods.

9. When will a null hypothesis be rejected?

A. There is no association among variables.

B. There is evidence of significance.
C. The independent and dependent variables are related.
D. The research hypothesis is rejected.

10. Which level is characteristic of the strength of the evidence provided by the results of a quasi-
experimental study?

A. Level I
B. Level II
C. Level III
D. Level IV

11. A researcher wants to discover why patients of certain ethnic backgrounds are reluctant to ask
for pain medication. Because there are little data in the literature on this topic, the researcher
designs a study to explore the relationships between cultural belief systems, the experience of pain,
and the effective use of medication to relieve pain. The researcher plans to use the findings of this
study to formulate hypotheses for a future study. What is a characteristic of this study?

A. It is a quasi-experimental study.
B. It will lead to level II data.
C. It has a directional hypothesis.
D. It is a hypothesis-generating study.
12. The nurse develops the following hypothesis: Elderly women receive less aggressive treatment
for breast cancer than do younger women. Which variable would be considered to be the
dependent variable?

A. Degree of treatment received

B. Age of the patient
C. Type of cancer being treated
D. Use of inpatient treatment

13. The nurse develops the following hypothesis: Elderly women receive less aggressive treatment
for breast cancer than do younger women. Which variable would be considered to be the
independent variable?

A. Degree of treatment received

B. Age of the patient
C. Type of cancer being treated
D. Use of inpatient treatment

14. The following are considered steps in the qualitative research process, except?

A. Literature review
B. Hypothesis
C. Sample
D. Data collection

15. Which of the following could be considered the “context” of a study?

A. Cultural understandings and beliefs of study participants

B. The hypothesis of the study
C. The sample selected for the study
D. The number of subjects in the study

16. Which belief guide the constructivist paradigm?

A. There are multiple realities.

B. The truth is objective.
C. Context does not matter as much as truth.
D. The participant (subject) is a passive part of the study

17. Which of the following is consistent with the constructivist paradigm?

A. Subjectivism is valued.
B. Natural laws exist.
C. Time and place are not important.
D. Generalizability is valued.

18. Which paradigm provides the basis for qualitative research?

A. Empirical analytical research

B. Constructivism
C. Postpositivism
D. Naturalistic research
19. Which type of research allows researchers to be neutral observers?

A. Qualitative research
B. Ethnographic research
C. Quantitative research
D. Case studies

20. Which type of research study can be affected by detracting values of the researcher?

A. Qualitative
B. Naturalistic
C. Ethnographic
D. Quantitative

21. What is the purpose of grounded theory?

A. To support theoretical frameworks

B. To generate theory from data
C. To develop explanatory models
D. To find significant differences among groups of people

22. Why is it important to understand the philosophy underlying each type of research?

A. Conclusions reached should be congruent with the research question.

B. The research method that best meets intended purpose of the study should be used.
C. The paradigm of the method should be the same as that of the researcher.
D. The reader should understand the level of abstraction of the study.

23. Which conceptual analysis point of the framework for rigor used for interpretive
phenomenology refers to how the study findings will continue to have meaning for the reader?

A. Resonance
B. Concreteness
C. Actualization
D. Openness

24. Which question will critique the sampling of a research project?

A. Is the strategy used for analysis compatible with the purpose of the study?
B. What is the projected significance of the work to nursing?
C. Are the informants who were chosen appropriate to inform the research?
D. What are the philosophic underpinnings of the research method?

25. Which question will critique the method of a research project?

A. Is the strategy used for analysis compatible with the purpose of the study?
B. What is the projected significance of the work to nursing?
C. Are the informants who were chosen appropriate to inform the research?
D. What are the philosophic underpinnings of the research method?

26. Which question will critique the purpose of a research project?

A. Is the strategy used for analysis compatible with the purpose of the study?
B. What is the projected significance of the work to nursing?
C. Are the informants who were chosen appropriate to inform the research?
D. What are the philosophic underpinnings of the research method?
27.  Which question will critique the credibility of a research project?

A. Is the strategy used for analysis compatible with the purpose of the study?
B. Does the researcher document the research process?
C. Are the researcher’s conceptualizations true to the data?
D. Has adequate time been allowed to understand fully the phenomenon?

28. Which question will critique the auditability of a research project?

A. Is the strategy used for analysis compatible with the purpose of the study?
B. Does the researcher document the research process?
C. Are the researcher’s conceptualizations true to the data?
D. Has adequate time been allowed to fully understand the phenomenon?

29. Which question will critique the fittingness of a research project?

A. Is the strategy used for analysis compatible with the purpose of the study?
B. Does the researcher document the research process?
C. Are the researcher’s conceptualizations true to the data?
D. Has adequate time been allowed to fully understand the phenomenon?

30. The following are the uses of qualitative research methods, except;

A. Guiding nursing practice

B. Studying the effects of nursing care on an outcome variable
C. Developing survey instruments
D. Developing nursing theory