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UNIVERSAL TOOL & CUTTER GRINDER

MODEL C-40

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CONTENTS

Page
1. Machine specifications 4
2. Names of operation parts and others 5
3. Main dimensions of machine and floor plan 7
4. Handling of machine 9
1) Lifting the machine 9
2) Inspection and cleaning of machine •9
3) Foundation and installation 9
: 4) Wiring 11
:
5) Lubrication 12
6) Standard equipment 15
5. Structure and operation 17
1) Electrical equipment 17
2) Mechanism of table longitudinal movement 20
3) Mechanism of grinding head cross movement 23
4) Mechanism of grinding wheel head vertical movement 23
5) Handling of the grinding wheel head 25
(1) Structure 25
(2) Grinding wheel spindle 25
(3) Change-over of the grinding wheel spindle 26
(4) Swivelling and angle setting 26
a. Horizontal swivel of the grinding wheel head
(swivel of the angular base) 26
£
b. Swivelling of the swivel base 27
c. Tilting of the grinding wheel spindle 27
6) Tailstock and workhead 29
7) Adjustment of the swivel table 31
6. Preparations for grinding cutters 32
1) Direction of rotation of grinding wheel 32
2) Truing the wheel 33
3) Tooth rest blade and tooth rest 33
4) Grinding wheel 35
5) Center gauge 36
6) Safety precautions 38
(1) Dust insulation glasses 38

/
 (2) Wheel guard ; 38
(3) Setting up of grinding wheel 38
(4) Inspection and storage of grinding wheel 39
(5) Operation rules and general precautions on works .... 39
7. Grinding cutters 40
1) General descriptions on grinding cutters 40
(1) Grinding peripheral teeth 40
(2) Grinding of face 44
2) Grinding a plain mill 46
(1) With a straight wheel 46
(2) With a flaring cup or straight cup 49
3) Grinding a end mill and a shell-end-mill 55
(1) Grinding end teeth 55
(2) Grinding comer 57
4) Grinding a face mill 57
5) Grinding a keyway or slotting cutter . 57
6) Grinding a side milling cutter 58
7) Grinding a staggered tooth cutter 59
8) Grinding an angular cutter 61
9) Grinding a long end mill 61
10) Grinding a metal slitting saw 62
11) Grinding a large metal saw 63
12) Grinding a helical tooth cutter 64
13) Grinding a tap 66
r
14) Grinding a reamer 67
(1) Grinding a straight reamer 68
a. Grinding chamber portion and starting
taperportion 69
b. Grinding straight portion 69
c. Grinding rake face 70
(2) Grinding a taper reamer 72
a. Grinding relief angle 72
b. Grinding rake face 72
(3) Grinding a taper reamer with helical teeth 72
8. Extra attachments 73
1) Cylindrical grinding attachment 73
2) Formed cutter grinding attachment 73

-2-
 3) Surface grinding attachment 74
4) Internal grinding attachment 74
5) Spring collet chuck 74
6) No. 1 Radius grinding attachment 74
7) No. 2 Radius grinding attachment 74
8) Small end mill grinding attachment ... 74
9) Face mill grinding attachment 74
10) Long reamer grinding attachment 74
ID Dust collector 74
12) Work-head indexing attachment 74
13) Raising block 75
14) Mist-type coolant system 75
15) Lathe & planer tool grinding attachment 75
16) Drill pointing attachment 75
17) Table reciprocating attachment 75
18) Helical grinding attachment 75
19) Extended grinding wheel spindle 75
20) Optical radius grinding attachment 75
21) Wet grinding attachment 75
22) Hydraulic table feeds attachment 75
23) Variable speed work-head 76
24) Heavy duty tailstocks 76

3 -
1. Machine Specifications

Capacity
Swing over table 250 mm (10")
Distance between centers 700 mm (27")
Distance between tailstock and workhead 580 mm (14")
Taper hole of work-head spindle one end B & S No. 12,
other end ASA No. 50 or MT No. 5
Table
Working surface width 135 mm (5 5/16") x length 940 mm (37 1/2")
Longitudinal movement 400 mm (16")
Swivelling angle 180°
Table graduation on end, for taper of +10°
Graduation for table swivel movement +60°
Cross movement of wheel head 250 mm (10")
Vertical movement of wheel head 250 mm (10")
Wheel head swivels 360°
Wheel head tilts 30 (+15)°
Distance between spindle center and table surface 50 mm (2") (min.)
300 mm (12") (max.)
Grinding wheel spindle speed 2600, 3700 and 6200 r.p.m.
Grinding wheel spÿidle drive motor .
0 55kW (3/4 HP) 2-pole
Required floor space 1550 mm x 1735 mm (61" x 68 1/2")
Net weight 900 kg (2000 Lbs.)

- 4 -
 2. Names of Operation Parts and Others

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(T) Grinding wheel head © Grinding wheel (Standard equipment)

(2) Grinding wheel (Standard equipment) @ Right tailstock (Standard equipment)
(3) Left tailstock (Standard equipment) © Turning table
(4) Hexagonal nut for fixing turning
© Sliding table
table
(D Eccentric pin
© Crank handle for table fine feed

(6y Taper adjusting screw

© Bridge

(7) Dog
© Bolt for lifting machine

(§) Knob for table travel

(9) Stopper
@1 Hand-wheel for grinding head cross
movement

- 5 -
 Fig. 1
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Motor (£7; Electromagnetic control box

© Belt cover (2§) Electromagnetic control box opening
handle
20 Grinding spindle
21 Swivel base (g) Bed cover
Table fixing screw
Angle base
23 Hexagonal nut for fixing base @ Saddle

24 Dust guard bellows

(ÿ2) Electric operation panel
(55) Levelling bolt
© Hand wheel for grinding head
cross movement © Nut
26 Hand wheel for grinding head ©) Mounting pad (Standard equipment)
vertical movement

- 6
 3. Main Dimensions of Machine and Floor Plan

MAX. 925 MIN.410

M IN. 525 MAX. 810
1335

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340 310
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Fig. 2

7 -
 1399
65 MAX. 415
MIN 165"
*’124"
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MAX. 403 755 MIN. 141
M IN 153 MAX. 391

W— J*osi t ion of levelling bo I « _ 3_bolts

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Floor plan

8 -
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4. Handling of machine

1) Lifting the machine

When lifting up the machine transported into the factory by train
or truck, fix the table at the middle of the bed (fasten in
fig. 1) and set the dogs (T) at right and left shown in fig. 1,
on stoppers (?) as illustrated in fig. 3, and then move the wheel
head to the table as closely as possible. The wire ropes to be
used for this work should be strong enough to withstand a weight
of 2000 kg. (4400 lbs.). The portions where the wire ropes may
touch should be protected by using wood blocks and rugs. Again,
The machine should be protected from any crush, which may cause
some inaccurate movements later on.

2) Inspection and cleaning of machine

An inspection to find some damaged portion which might have been
caused by shock during the transportation, as well as to find
if there are some parts, the standard equipment missing, should
be made after the arrival of the machine in your works. (The
standard equipment are listed in the table No. 2 of fig. 6.)

The dirty spots possibly made during the packing of the machine
should be cleaned, and the antirust liquid should be thoroughly
washed out by a proper oil.

3) Foundation and installation

The machining accuracy obtained owes very much to the foundation
and installation of the machine. For this reason, a perfect
foundation with proper thickness and pressure-enduring space must
be provided according to the ground nature, as specified in fig. 2,
"floor plan". (In general case, a thickness of 300 mm (12") is
considered to be enough.)

If the concrete floor of your words is originally provided with

an enough strength, there is no need to make up a special founda¬
tion.

When the machine is now placed on the installing place, fix it with

9 -
 Fig. 3. Lifting Method

Use two wooden pieces

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Lifting bolt
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Wooden piece
© Don't lift up the
machine by winding
the rope on the
saddle.

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Put a steel bar

into the bed
(Bar dla. 25 (1"
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10 -
 the fixing device at three portions, each consisting of leveling
bolt (33), nut (34) and leveling pad (35), (see fig. (\ , and by
which level up the machine in either longitudinal or cross direc¬
tion using a leveling device for precision measurement.

4) Wiring
After installing the machine, connect the wires of the power
source to the terminals (R, S, T) , l) , for 3-phase supply, which
you see among the terminals equipped in the electro-magnetic con¬
trol box, when you open the cover by the provided handle.
Confirm that the power source plug for grinding spindle motor is
inserted in the socket illustrated in the fig. 10, as 1 .
Now the power source indication lamp ( 2) in fig. 8) will be lighted
when you set the main switch (1 in fig. 8) "ON".
Then turn the selection switch for grinding spindle (3 in fig.
9) to the right. The grinding wheel spindle will then rotate when
you push in the spindle-start push-button. ('1 in fig. 9) When
you see the spindle rotating in counter-clockwise direction, view¬
ed from the opposite side of the belt-cover ( (l9) in fig. 1), the
spindle is running in the specific direction. However, should you
find it running in clockwise direction, it is reversed rotation.

Fig. 4
1

fit
minii

1 Main supply for 3 phases. (2) Supply terminal for lighting use.
(3) Ground terminal

11
5) Lubrication
Special care on lubrication should be taken to maintain the service
life and performance of the machine for a long period. For this
reason, specified oil given in the table 1, or oil of equal or better
quality, must be used for the respective parts in fig. 5
The built-in lubrication pump ( 1 ) is capable of containing 1 litter
(61 cubic inch) oil.

- 12 -
 TABLE 1 LUBRICATING INSTRUCTIONS AND SPECIFICATIONS
Oil
Oil supplying
Frequency station Parts lubricated Port Oils used
No. instruction
Slide-ways of V-
groovc and plain
slide-way of bed
and saddle Set the red marks
as depicted in fig.
Saddle cross feed Oil 5. Oil is auto¬
screw and back¬
lash eliminator supply matically supplied
(1) pump by means of a spr¬
Bearings for han¬ ing action, when
dle shaft for grind¬ you pull out and
ing wheel head dctatch (1). Oil
vertical movement quantity per one
time is lOcc.
Table slide ways MOBIL
of no abration
type
VACTRA
Once a OIL NO. 2
(2) Elevating column Motor (66.9- 73.4
day cap 37:8°C)
Tilting portions of
(3) swivel base and Tails
angle base cap Pour oil with a
(4) Gear-box for table proper oiler.
fine feed Take out the screw
when oiling (fi).
(5) Right-hand tail-
stock
(6) Wheel spindle Ball
collar cap
(7) Wheel spindle

// MOBIL
%
Unnecessary ALyrtsv/rt GREASE
(Grease lu¬ BRB LIFE
(8) Grinding spindle /Vo 2
brication) TIME (Vis¬
cosity 270
310, 25°C)
—
Supply Pour oil in by tak¬
when (9) Oil port for (1) ing off the thread¬ (Refer to (1))
necessary ed cap
Check (10)
Gauge for (1)
every day
Draining port foi7
(11)
oil from bridge

(12) Draining port for

oil from saddle
Left hand bear¬
ings of handle
shaft for grinding MALTEMP
Unneccssa- wheel head verti- PS NO. 1
ry (Grease cal movcmenl, (Viscosity :
lubrication) bearings of handle 310-340,
for grinding head 25°C)
cross movement
and bearings for
table feed

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 6) Standard equipment
The standard equipments of the machine are as illustrated in fig.
8, and are listed up in the table 2.

TABLE 2. STANDARD EQUIPMENTS

No . Item No. Item

1 Workhead (main body of the 29 Diamond dresser holder (in¬

work head including the cluding the dresser handle)
turning base) 30 Relief angle adjusting dog
2 T-bolt for the workhead (including the pin and lock
3 Left hand tailstock screw)
4 T-bolt for the left-hand 31 Dial for adjusting the relief
tailstock angle (including the scale
5 T-bolt for the right-hand plate)
tailstock 32 Workhead center B & S7 (or MT2)
6 Right-hand tailstock 33 Collet. B & S12xB & S7 (or
7 Dr aw-in bolt MT5xMT2)
8 Draw-in bolt washer 34 Collet. B & S12xB & S9 (or
9 Round-double-ended wrench MT5xMT3)
(17 x 21) 35 Collet. B & S12xB & S10 (or
10 Nut wrench MT5xMT4)
11 Cross screw driver 36 Extension wheel spindle
12 Wrench bars for the hex¬ (including the setting screw
agonal holes bar)
13 Center gauge (including the 37 Washer
center height indicating 38 Extension wheel sleeve (in¬
piece) cluding the nut and washer)
14 T-shaped wrench for the 39 Perforated bolt and collar
hexagonal hole for the extension wheel sleeve
15 Sleeve extracting bar 40 Poly-flex belt
16 Collet wrench 41 Grinding wheel sleeve (5 sets
17 Pin wrench (2 pcs.) with washers & nuts)
18 Rammer 42 Washer (for 1/8" dia. grinding
19 Stationary tooth rest plate wheel, 2 pcs.)
20 Stationary tooth rest (in¬ 43 Steel mounting pad (for level¬
cluding the offset blade) ling, 3 pcs.)
21 Adjustable tooth rest (in¬ 44 Plugs for lighting
p
cluding the R-equipped 45 Grinding wheel , Flaring Cup
blade) 46 Grinding wheel, Straight Cup
22 Wheel guard setting board 47 Grinding wheel, Disk
and bar (short) 48 Grinding wheel , Disk
23 Wheel guard setting board 49 Grinding wheel, Disk
and bar (long) 50 Grinding wheel, Dished
24 Universal tooth rest plate 51 Grinding wheel, Dished
and the extension bar
25 Wheel guard (small)
26 Wheel guard (medium)
27 Wheel guard (large)
28 T-bolt for the diamond
dresser

15
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 5. Structure and operation

TABLE 3 SYMBOLS USED IN WIRING DIAGRAM FOR ELECTRO-MAGNETIC

CIRCUIT AND EXPLANATION OF THEM

Symbol Explanation Symbol Explanation

Grinding wheel spindle, PB- Push-button for grinding

52 WM main spindle, reciprocat¬ WMST wheel spindle, main spindle,
ing attachment and hydraulic reciprocating attachment and
table feed switch hydraulic table feed stop

Switch for dust collector PB-DC Push-button for dust collec¬

52 DC
and wet grinding attachment tor and wet grinding attach¬
ment start

Over load relay for grind¬ PB- Push-button for dust collec¬
OCR-1
ing wheel spindle DCST tor and wet grinding attach¬
ment start

Over load relay for main 22 Power source switch

OCR-2 spindle, reciprocating
attachment

Over load relay for WL Power source indication lamp

OCR- 3
hydraulic table feed

Over load relay for dust CL Operation indication lamp

OCR- 4
collector

Over load relay for wet EF Tubular fuse

OCR-5
grinding attachment

Change-over switch for IM Motor

1
43 W grinding spindle revolu¬
tion

Change-over switch for a Start Button

43 M
main spindle revolution

Hydraulic table feed b Stop Button

43 A
switch

Push-button for grinding

PB-WM wheel spindle, main spindle,
reciprocating and hy¬
draulic table feed start

1) Electrical equipment
The electrical equipment consists of electro-magnetic control box (27)

17 -
 Fig. 7 Open-diagram of Electromagnetic Control Circuit.

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' 43 M 43A
43 W
Left -Off. R.ght Left Off Right Off On
Lower A •C 200 220V Rs—f- Uj
Source 50 60 - T,CT u,
Ss V,
W, w,
R S T RaC T3

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43 W
Va

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52 WM Ru OCR1 Rl
O-i rO-g- Grinding spindle
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If 2P
T, Ta
43M
[lij 1ÿ4
OCR2 Kl *77" LTTT "
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Mam spindle
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4P

' Reciprocation
3
&IM 0. 065 K\V
4P
43A
_OCR3_ R, [HT, ,rj r Hvdraulic pump
4
-grrS'ÿ (V'j
JIM Hvdraulir table feed
0 4KW
4P

5 -52T sh R* OCR4
Oi rO
u4 Oust collector
—If
If
T* ° °
on-o r , SIM 0 4KU
21*

0C.R5 I s
“O-L r<> r: Coolant or mist type coolant
6 —
Power source for
O—o—
Of O
\v MM 0 125KW
2P
illuminat ion X 0ÿ0
EF 100 V
50 60
Y sw
© Illumination lamp

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8 Power suppl\ indicator
S toj . Start
PH WM -52UM Grinding spindle, main spindle.
PB VVMST reciprocation, table hydraulic
9
10 f-ssL t feed start and stop
1. 10- 13

Start
Slop PB DC
PB DCST Dust collector, coolant
11 — Q , Q
b
8
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52DCa
4 operation stop
5.12.14
12 II
52 W Ma

. —52DCa
II-
13
14 Il2 ©- J Operation indicator

18
 in fig. 1, and electrical control panel (32) in fig. 1, on the
basis of the wiring diagram given in fig. 7.
The table 3 explains the symbols appearing in fig. 7.
Figure 8 illustrates the side-view of the electro-magnetic control
box; (1) is the power source switch (in fig. 7 (22)) and (2) is
an white power source indication lamp (lighted when the main switch
is set "ON"); (3) is operation signal lamp (green) (lighted when
the motor in fig. 7 starts). (4) is socket for main spindle motor.
The socket for reciprocating attachment is identified with (5).
The electric control panel is situated at the left side of the
machine, and its f unished electrical parts are mentioned in table 3.
Figure 10 illustrates the side-view of the electro-magnetic control
box (opposite side of the view shown in fig. 8), and shows (1):
grinding wheel spindle motor, (2): socket for machine illumination,
(3): socket for dust collector motor, (4): socket for wet grinding
attachment or mist type coolant system and (5) : socket for oil
tank motor for hydraulic table feeds attachment.
When starting the grinding wheel spindle, please follow the order
given in the item No. 4, "Handling of machine" as well as 4), "Wiring".

Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10

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2) Mechanism for table logitudinal movement
Fig. 11 depicts the structure of table longitudinal movement.
The sliding method between the bridge and sliding-table is of a
nonwearing type, utilizing the balls, ball races, and the ball
retainers. The table is moved longitudinally by means of the
table feeding knob or the table fine feed crank handle, which
turns the table longitudinal feed shaft. The shaft winds the
wire-rope of which each end is fixed to the sliding-table, into
each right and left side drum, installed on the table longitudinal
feed shaft, and thus achieves longitudinal feed of table smoothly
without any backlash. (Maximum movement is 400 mm (16")).

The table movement can be adjusted by the dogs (7) provided both
right and left, which are shown in fig. 1.
The wire-rope tension can also be adjusted by the knob (2) in fig.
11.
The tension should be adjusted properly so as to allow smooth
movement of the table, i.e., too much lag causes an over move¬
ment and too much tension of the wire-rope loses smoothness of
the table movement.

20
 9
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Fig. 11 Mechanism of Table Longitudinal 1 ravel.

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—1,
1
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2 Knob
3 Wire brarkel
4 Adjusting sere*

: 5 Tension dog
6 W ire rope

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7 Wheel with left hand threads
8 Steel
9
hall
Hall retainer
JO Hal I racr
t ’
'Jt Bridge
J2 Wheel with right hand threads
JJjW'ire bracket
The mechanism of the crank handle for table fine feed ((15) in
fig. 1) consists of differential gears, permitting a table move¬
ment of 12 mm (1/2") by one revolution of (1). (Shown in fig. 12)
One revolution of the knob ((8) in fig. 1) for table movement

permits a 126 mm (5") movement. However, care should be taken

of the fact that the knob can in no way be turned unless (2) in
fig. 12 is pushed to the left on the diagram, (actually push (2)
forward from the side of the machine front.), and the gear mesh¬
ing is disconnected.
For the easiest operation, set (1) in fig. 13 (located on the same
axis with (8) in fig. 1 and 12, but at the opposite side) at any
place where is considered most convenient for the operator. The
setting of (1) can be done by fixing the shaft steady by means of
the fixing screw (2) in the figure, and then by drawing the holder
(3), which clamps (1), to the left, and moving the jaw-clutch, re-
leased, up to the required position. (1) can be fixed at the posi¬
tion by means of the jaw-clutch which is automatically engaged by
the action of spring.

Fig. 12 Mechanism of Table Fine Feed, Differential Movement.

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22
 Fig. 13 Mechanism of Knob Displacement for Table Movement.

1 Jaw clutch
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3) Mechanism of grinding wheel head cross movement

The cross movement of the grinding wheel head can be achieved by
(31) in fig. 1 the saddle which is connected with the elevation
column for the grinding head vertical movement. The saddle is
moved by means of turning the handle for the saddle cross move¬
ment, ((10) or (25) in fig. 1). The maximum cross movement of the
grinding wheel head is 250 mm (10") .
One revolution of the handle for the cross movement, in the way as
given in fig. 14, gives the saddle, namely, the grinding wheel
head, 3 mm "0.1" movement.
The fine adjustment of the grinding wheel head cross movement is
done by means of the graduated collar (2) . The collar is given
300 (100) equal divisions, of which one division corresponds to
0.01 mm (0.001") movement.
The grinding wheel head can be set at any position required by
turning only the graduated collar (2) , and not turning the wheel,
handle (1) for the cross movement.
Setting of the collar is secured by means of a special mechanism
which prevents it from slipping out of the set position; the collar
turns together with the wheel handle.

4) Mechanism of grinding wheel head vertical movement

The vertical movement of the grinding wheel head can be done by
means of the handle wheel (Refer to (26) in fig. 1), provided at
the both sides of the machine.

- 23 -

<4-
Figure 15 illustrates the hand wheel situated at the left side of the
machine, and capable of being fed by 90° in the way as depicted
by the double dotted line, after pulling forward (1) so that it
will not obstruct the work. (In the drawing, pull (1) in the
direction to right.)
Fig. 14

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Fig. 15

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The handwheel is directly combined with the worm axle. The

pinion is driven by turning the handwheel through the worm and
the worm wheel. The pinion is meshing with the rack, and the ele¬
vation column, on which the rack is mounted, makes up-and-down
movement on the basis of the elevation column base, connected with
the saddle. The grinding wheel head is, thus, given a vertical
movement, as it is fixed with the elevation column. 3 mm (0.1")
move is given to the grinding wheel head by one revolution of the
wheel head. The micrometer adjustment of the grinding head move¬
ment is done by means of the graduated collar. One division out
of the 300 (200) equal divisions furnished on the collar, in the
same way as the grinding head cross movement, corresponds to a fine

24 -
 movement of 0.01 mm (0.0005").
The grinding wheel head can also be set at any desired position by
only turning the graduated collar, and not turning the hand wheel.
A special advantageous mechanism locks to prevent the collar from
slipping out of the set position, and to turn together with the
hand wheel.

5) Handling of the grinding wheel head

(1) Structure
The grinding wheel head consists of its body, grinding wheel
spindle, motor, tilting base, etc. (Refer to diagram No. 16.)
(2) Grinding wheel spindle
The grinding wheel spindle is of a two points-support system,
and is furnished with angular contact ball bearing at each
portion.
The preload is given by fastening the nut. The construction
is so designed that the spindle is securely protected from
being influenced by the thermal expansion. Grease is used
for the lubrication of the bearings. (Refer to table 1.)
The grinding spindle is assembled with our best care, in our
shop with a constant temperature. But should you find it out
of order, caused by some reason, please contact us or our
business office immediately. We will soon repair it.

Fig. 16 Grinding Wheel Head

Zero- line
1 2 3 4

a 15 1 Motor
(DBelt cover
—
L
(3) Socket screw For fixing belt cover
Grinding wheel head body

5
f ® ©
9
6
Locking screw
Eccentric pin
7 Hexagonal bolt For fixing motor
15 !ÿ
8 Angle base
6 9 Grinding wheel

7 15 y 15
15' Swivel base
90 90 H Dust guard bellows Fixed on interior elevating column
s
collar on upper side of dust insulator
jJ Hexagonal nut left hand threads
ii Hexagonal nut right hand threads
0

25
 TABLE 4

Grinding wheel spindle speed (r.p.m.)

Low speed 2,600

Medium speed 3,700

High speed 6,200

(3) Speed change of the grinding wheel spindle

The spindle speed is divided into three groups, low, medium
and high speed which you see in table 4.
Refer to fig. 17 by taking off the perforated bolt (4), and
then removing the belt cover (2), you can see the motor pul¬
ley (3) and grinding wheel pulley (4) , 3 stepped respectively.
Outside one is low speed use, middle medium speed use and
inside high speed use, all V-grooved.
The belt tension is adjusted by displacing the motor by means
of turning the hexagon nut (15) , after loosening the two
hexagon bolts (T) which fix the motor to the swiveling base,
in the way as illustrated in fig. 16. After the adjustment
of the belt tension, don't forget to tighten the two bolts
(7), to fix the motor securely.

In case the belt is leaning toward one side only between the
grinding spindle and the motor shaft, it can be adjusted by
means of the locking screw (T) and the eccentric pin (6),
which are provided in between the two hexagon bolts as
mentioned above, which please loosen first.
(4) Swivelling and angle setting (Refer to Fig. 16.)
The grinding wheel spindle is capable of swivelling by 360°
on the plain, and also tilting by 30° (+15°) vertically.
a) Horizontal swivel of the grinding wheel head (swivel of
the angular base)
The 360° horizontal swivel is possible by loosening the
hexagon nut (1ÿ) , which is locking the angular base 8 .
The graduation furnished on the collar (12) which is
placed on the top of the dust guard mounted on the eleva¬
tion column (up-and down movement only, no swivel), is

26

n
 so set that 0° is on the longitudinal direction, and 90°
on the cross direction, at an interval of 1° each. The
angular base is furnished with the graduation at its
lower part, at a unit of 1°, but not at an equal division,
from 0° to 15°.
The horizontal swivel of the grinding wheel head, there¬
fore, is achieved by swivelling the angular base by a
desired degree by means of the collar on the top of the
dust guard bellows on the basis of the graduation (for
instance 0°) at the lower part of the angular base, and
then, locking the base at that position with the hexagon
nut.

b) Swivelling of the swivel base

Fig. 17 illustrates that the swivel base can be swivel¬
led by 360° against the angular base, by means of loosen¬
ing the hexagon nut (13), (counter clockwise) which you
can see at the upper part of the angular base. The grind¬
ing head body (4) and the motor (1) are mounted and fixed
on this swivel base (10). The upper face of the angular
base is furnished with graduations in the same way as the
lower part; at a unit of 1 degree, but not at an equal
division, by 15°. The upper face of the angular base is
being inclined by 15°.
c) Tilting of the grinding wheel spindle
The tilting of the grinding wheel spindle can be obtained
by combining the above described (a) and (b) swivel of
the angular base and the one of the swivel base.
As an example, when you obtain a tilting of the grinding
spindle, situated horizontal and at a right angle against the
table movement, as shown in fig. 19, by an angle , first,
loosen the hexagon nut (l3) (fig. 16) which is fixing the
angle base as well as the swivel base, and then swivel the
swivelling base by the required degree , on the basis of the
zero-line of the swivelling base. Namely, fasten the hexagonal
nut in accordance with the graduation of the angle base.
At this position, however, it is given a horizontal swivel
simultaneously, and therefore, the angle base has to be turned

27
 Motor
2) Belt Cover
Construction of Grinding Spindle Speed 3) Motor Pully
Change Pully and Its Allied Parts A, Socket Screw
5 Grinding Spindle Pully
6 Poly Flex Belt
7 Grinding Wheel Spindle Sleeve
8) Grinding Wheel Head Body
9) Key
10: Grinding Wheel Sleeve
i
ax» Wabher
12 Washer with Rubber
13> Nut
’VrTfI 14- Grinding Wheel
2 15 Spring Washer
3
Socket Screw
17i Grinding Wheel Sleeve
la Caller

I V.4
I Socket Screw
Grinding Wheel Spindle
hJ
oo 'J
i
n &
!V: •A
, *•

or
|if:;] ifr®
) I

/
jo it> e v8 9 ® h ® n 9 <a ® ® « n

Fig. 17
 in the opposite direction from the one in which the swivell¬
ing base was turned, by that degree.
This work shall be performed by the following operation:
Loosen the hexagon nut (1ÿ) in fig. 16, which you can see
at the lower part of the angle base, and then, turn the angle

base horizontally by the angle , by which the swivel base

was swivelled, in the opposite direction from the one in which
the swivel base was turned, by means of the graduation pro¬
vided at the lower part of the angle base, on the basis of
the zero-line of the collar provided on the dust guard bel¬
lows .
Fig. 18

[— be levelled
The grinding spindle
he adjusted
must
to and at

-
right angle to the
table movement.

f
Table
/
90 90 c m

0" graduation on the

upper part of dust
guard bellow.

6) Tailstock and workhead

When setting the right and left-hand tailstocks, or the workhead
(illustrated in fig. 6) on the table, (here take the right-hand
tailstock and the workhead as an example), loosen the screws (1)
situated at the front of these units which you see in figs. 19
and 20, and then, set them on one side of the T-slot of the swivel¬
ling table (5). After they are set in the way as above, tighten
the T-bolt (2).
The same method is also applied to set the left-hand tailstock.
In fig. 19, the center (7), supported by the right-hand tailstock
(6) can also be adjusted by means of lever (Ji) and adjusting screw

29
(V) . The work-head main body (jB) in fig. (20) swivels 360° hori¬
zontally by loosing the hexagon bolt (6) with the swivel base,
and also tilts vertically by loosening the heaagonal bolt (7).
The swivelling angle can be determined and set, in case of a
horizontal swivel, on the basis of the graduation of the base (3),
and of the zero line of the swivel base, and in case of a vertical
tilt, on the basis of the graduation of the swivel base and the
zero-line of the workhead body. The work spindle (9) can be fixed
by locking screw @1 .
In order to turn the collar (ll) , furnished with graduation (+15°),
for a relief angle adjustment, without turning the workspindle;
fix the workspindle, and then loosen the locking-screw, which is
provided at the opposite side of the position where the screw for
lubrication is provided.

Fig. 19

fc-L

Fig. 20

1
- 5,

1
rLr
4u
-!•
v

WL
2, I \6, C3> I ?

30 -
7) Adjustment of the swivel table
The swivel table 1 which is mounted on the sliding table 2 ,
(fig. 21) , can be turned by 180° at the maximum, though the
swivelling angle possible by means of the graduation is by +60°.

The swivelling of the table can be performed by loosening the two

hexagonal nuts (3) (fig. 21), and turning the eccentric
pin (5), by over 90° in clockwise direction from the position in¬
dicated in the figure, and also by taking off the taper adjusting
pin (6) in fig. 22.
When adjusting the taper of the swivel table, use the graduation
available by +10° at the maximum, which is depicted in the figure
21.
The above adjusting operation can be done by loosening the two
hexagonal nuts for fixing the swivel table (3), and then, turning
the taper adjusting screw (T) ; while the eccentric pin (5) remains
at the position as specified in the figure. When the taper adjust¬
ing pin (6) is inserted in the slot A of the taper adjusting plate

@, as shown in fig. 22, it can only be adjusted by the angle of

about +7°, but no more.
If an adjustment of more than 7 degrees is required, you shall
transfer the taper adjusting pin from the slot A to B. Moreover ,
when you wish to adjust the table by more than 7 degrees in the
opposite direction, take off the cork (8), and replace the taper
adjusting screw as designated by a dotted line in the figure, and
then, insert the taper adjusting pin into the slot C of the taper
adjusting plate.

Fig. 21 © 1 3

•/

t '

35S8
* Sow*

. < -9S.
e>

t.
This scale shows ±10’ of This scale shows ±60‘ of
taper adjusting of table. taper adjusting of table.

31 -
 Fig. 22 Mechanism of Taper Adjustment.

-
C A 6
-Y
1 B .7

fol o

L°J
FT 5 P
_r
>
3 2 4

(T) Swivel table {b) Eccentric pin

(l) Sliding table (6) Taper adjusting pin
(5) Plug (j) Taper adjusting plate
(4) Taper adjusting screw

6. Preparations for grinding cutters

1) Direction of rotation of grinding wheel
The running direction of the grinding wheel against the tooth edge
is explained by two facts, i.e., the direction in which the work
approaches the wheel, and the other in which the wheel passes away.
In fig. 23, the former case is taken. In this way, the grinding
finish is better than the other, as the tooth edge is protected
from any burr. Therefore, the former method is recommended usually,
except in a case when the latter is used, for some special reason.

Fig. 23

32
 2) Truing the wheel
The grinding wheel should be dressed from time to time, in order
to obtain a better finish on the relief angle, as well as to grind
the tooth edge sharp. Generally, for this dressing, a carborundum
stick or a piece of a wheel is used. For an accurate dressing,
however, the diamond dressing device @) , which is set on the
table by (2j|) , listed in fig. 6, (standard equipment), should be
used in the way as illustrated left in fig. 24. (Pay attention to
the rotating direction.)

(Fig. 24 right)
Diameter of the hole of the dresser to which the diamond is at-
>3 +0.1
tached, is dl0.8
-0.0’

Fig. 24

: «o e
n

£5
-§"L

3) Tooth rest blade and tooth rest

In table 5 are listed up the tooth rest blades and their usage.

33 -
 TABLE 5 TOOTH REST BLADE AND THEIR USAGES

Shape Name and usage Shape Name and usage

Straight blade: for straight fluted

reamers, side milling cutters, end
milling cutters, straight key-seat¬
ing mills.
A Offset blade : for milling of large
dia. with spiral flute : large dia.
ini face mills with inserted angular
teeth (standard accessory)

R-blade : for shell end mills, L-bladc : for metal slitting saw,
small end mills, (standard acces¬ plain mills with many teeth.
sory)

In accordance with the kind of operations, the blade is

fixed on the adjustable tooth rest or stationary tooth rest.

These tooth rests, with universal tooth rest plate and extension
bar (standard equipment No. 24 and 19 in Fig. 6), are mounted
either on table, work-head or grinding wheel head.
In case of grinding the plain milling cutters and the like, as
the tooth rest supports the edge point of cutter, it should be
firmly fixed as far as possible to eliminate overhang irrespec¬
tive of where it is fixed. Closer the distance between the grind¬
ing wheel is tooth rest the better. Ordinarily, 5 mm distance is
desirable.

34 -
4) Grinding wheel
This machine is supplied with 7 kinds of grinding wheels, from
No. 45 to 51, as listed in fig. 6. The shape and size of these
wheels are shown in fig. 25, while in the table 6 are the materials
and uses.

Fig. 25 Shapes of Grinding Wheel, Standard Equipments.

*90 (3 1/2")
00
6.4
<5150 (6")
U/4") d
•7 oo
/'-N
_9. 5 (3/8'M 475 (3")
;
CVJ
*55
\T(2 3/16") AY
2

|*31.75(1X1 J<431.'75(lV) lO

*70 _ A 5 (3") So
(2 3/4")
Flaring cup (No. 45) Dished (No. 50)
( 1 piece ) ( 1 piece )
/—N

*125 (5") vO

9.5 (3/8") *75

r 3. 2i *38 to

CN

J'
s.
• • .* •* r i_ci *12.7(>ÿ
*31.75(1*0
-- 1
<y>z
oo
m
*38
(1 1/2") ‘ 5
w
Straight up (No. 46) Dished (No. 51) £
1 piece ( 1 piece )

*150 (6")

*31.75(1ÿ

Straight (No. 47, 48)

( 2 pieces /*ÿ>»

vO
*100 (4")
-3
_j*12.Ul/2")
Straight (No. 49)
1 piece

35
 TABLE 6 GRINDING WHEEL (STANDARD EQUIPMENT)

Grinding wheels (Standard equipments)

No. Usage
Grain, grade, shape, thickness bonds, structure,
and bonding material

For High-Speed Steel Cutters

O.D. of face blades on plain
45 WA. 60. J. m. V (DA) No. 11. 90x38x31.75 mills, angular cutter face
(1 1/4") (Flaring cup) mill, side mill, key seat¬
ing mill, end mill, shell
end mill, metal saw, and
those of others.

For Carbide Tipped Cutters

46 GC. 100. G. m. V No. 6. 125x38x31.75 Face mill, mill with inserted
(1 1/4") (Straight cup) end mill, and metal saw.

47 WA. 60. K. m. V. (DA) No. 1. 150x30x21.75 For Steel. (Cylindrical

(7/8") (Straight) grinding, surface grinding.)

48 G.C. lOO.G.m.V No. 1. 150x13x31.75 For Carbide metal (Cylin¬

(1 1/4") (Flat shaped) drical and surface grinding)

49 A.60.N.B. No. 1. 100x1.5x12.7 For High Speed Steel.

(1/2") (Straight) Slitting

For High Speed Steel.

50 WA. 60. J.m. V. (DA) No. 12. 150x19x31.75 The peripheral taeth of plain
(1 1/4") (Dished) mill, face mill, side mill and
various cutters.

51 WA. 60. J. m. V. (DA) No. 12. 75x13x12.7 Peripheral teeth of reamer,

(1/2") (Dished) tap, and small dia. end mill.

5) Center Gauge
In order to obtain the relief angle, you should at first set the
tooth of cutter to be ground at the same level with the center of
cutter. In this case center gauge (Z) (fig. 6-13) with center
hight indicator (ÿ3) shown in fig. 26 is used.
This gauge's hight from bottom to top is made same to that of
center which supports cutter, that is center hight of tail-stock.

Center gauge is used not only for setting the position of tooth
on the table but also levelling both centers of tail stock and
work-head by adjusting the zero line at the right and left of
grinding wheel head to the center high indicator of center gauge
(which is done by vertical adjustment of grinding wheel head) .
Tip of this center hight indicator is also made to coincide with

36 -
the center line of grinding wheel head even when it is put on the
grinding wheel head, so that it is possible for the tip of cutter
to coincide with the center hight of tail-stock and work-head

(Ref. fig. 27 and 28), fig. 29 shows different usages for right
and left handed milling cutters. In this figure, A, B shows the
case when it is put on the table and C, D shows the case when it
is put on the grinding wheel head.

® ®
Fig. 26
l) Tail stock 1

2 Milling cutter
(3) Center height indicator
4 '"Center gauge
(5) Swivel table

0.
®

Fig. 27
Zero line

M
E
rn
Fig. 28
Zero line

T\

37
 Fig. 29

A B

c L)

6) Safety precautions
(1) Dust insulation glasses
Please always wear dust insulation glasses to protect
your eyes from dust, when grinding.
(2) Wheel guard
The wheel guard is so provided that the pieces of the wheel
will never scatter, when the wheel breaks. The wheels should
always be covered with the wheel guard corresponding to the
Nos. from 25 to 27, listed in fig. 6 for the standard equip¬
ment.
(3) Setting up of grinding wheel
The grinding wheel shall be installed on the grinding wheel
spindle with the wheel sleeve (10), washer (11), washer with
rubber (12) and the nut (13); standard equipments, illustrat-
ed in fig. 17. Next , the wheel sleeve mentioned above shall
be fixed on the spindle by the perforated bolt (16) with the
spring washer (15) in between. The dished wheel (51) in fig.
6, shall be fixed on the extended grinding wheel spindle (38)

38 -

1
 in fig. 6, while the grinding wheel (49) in fig. 6 shall
be fixed on the extended spindle with the washer (39) in
fig. 6 in between. When using a grinding wheel which is
not listed in the standard equipments, you shall first

select the speed of the wheel, from table 4, which is lower

than the permissible speed, but meets the required speed
for grinding the workpiece. In such case, the wheel should
be fixed on the spindle with some washer or some elastic
article which could take the place of (28) or (30), in
event you cannot use the washer (28) and the washer with

rubber (30). You may use some blotting paper or leather,

but the thickness of the paper should not exceed 0.6 mm
(0.025"), while the one of the leather, 3 mm (0.1"). The
outside diameter of the washer should be the same or a
little bigger than the one of the wheel sleeve. When
fastening the wheel sleeve, washer, grinding wheel, washer
with rubber and the nut together, you should pay a strict
attention to ascertain that there is no alien substance
among them.
(4) Inspection and storage of grinding wheel
The experts should be in charge of installing the wheel,
maintenance and the inspection of the wheels. Inspect
the wheels as soon as they are delivered to you, to find
if there is some damage on them caused during transporta¬
tion.
It can be judged by the sound coming out from the wheel,
when striking the wheel, hunging down, with a shank of a
screw driver, to find whether or not the wheel has a
crack. In this inspection, you must take off the saw¬
dust, if any; or you must dry the wheel, if it is wet.
The wheel composed of an organic substance does not sound
as well as the wheel made of vitrified or silicate sub¬
stance does, and therefore, you need to listen to the
sound carefully to find whether or not the wheel has any
crack. It is desirable to keep the wheels in a rack hang¬
ing from a nail respectively in a place where it is dry.
(5) Operation rules and general precautions on works
Before you actually start a grinding work with a new wheel,

39

j. 6
 check the wheel by turning it at the full speed for a minute.
In this case, the operator should carefully inspect the wheel
running, standing aside. The workpiece should be gradually
ground so as to heat up the wheel, which at the beginning,
may be cold. This way of work will prevent the wheel from
becoming damaged. Special care should be taken on the above
matter, when using a cold wheel soon after it is brought in
from cold storage, or an early cold morning. The grind¬
ing work with the flank of a flat wheel is generally accom¬
panied with danger. You must not, therefore, start grinding
until the wheel flank is properly heated up, or you must not

push strongly the workpiece to the wheel. The wheel fixing

nut should not be too strongly fastened, other-wise, the wheel
will be deformed, and the relating parts will be broken.
The machine, except the machine equipped with a mist type
coolant system, should be equipped with a dust collector
(extra attachment) for an insurance purpose.

7. Grinding cutters
This machine is available for grinding the following cutters with its
standard equipments:
Plain mill, end mill, shell end mill, face mill, key seat milling cut¬
ter, slot milling cutters, side mill, mill with staggered teeth, an¬
gular cutter, metal saw, tap and reamer.
1) General descriptions on grinding cutters
The cutters which can be ground on this machine can be devided
into the following (1) and (2) groups, each ground by means of a
special method.
(1) Grinding of peripheral teeth
The cutters which belong to this group are the ones of which
external face is ground to provide them with No. 1 and No. 2
relief angles on the back side of the edges (fig. 30) . Most
of the cutters to be ground on this machine belong to this
group. The plain mill is one of the examples. The cutter's
edge of this kind can be ground repeatedly, and thus, enables
continual cutting operation. An inaccurate grinding of the

40

4I
 cutter, in many cases, makes chatter marks on the finished
surface of a workpiece. For this reason, the relief angle
of every kind of cutters has to be carefully selected. The
smaller the relief angle the better the heat escapes, and
also the stronger the cutter edge becomes. On the other

hand, too big a relief angle weakens the cutter edge and makes
a heavy cutting work impossible. Again, too small of an an¬
gle causes a touch of its back portion to the workpiece.
Therefore, a proper selection of the relief angle should be
made for the most suitable grinding work, taking those facts
into consideration.
No. 1 relief angle with a big land causes a touch of its back
side to the workpiece, though theoretically, it is more suit¬
able for the grinding work than a smaller one, and it makes
the surface of the workpiece unfavorably finished. The cut¬
ter edge, thus, becomes necessary to be furnished with No. 2
relief angle, in order to make the land of the No. 1 relief
angle equal to the first one, as illustrated in fig. 30, by
the hatched lines, (a).
The relief angles which are generally admitted to be appli¬
cable for the mills, are listed up in the table 7.
Fig. 31 illustrates names and grinding angles of carbide face
mills with inserted teeth (for the cutting of iron castings).

TABLE 7. RELIEF ANGLE TABLE

Material to be milled Primary relief angle Difference between primary and

secondary relief angle
Low carbon steel 3~5° 3-5°
High carbon steel and 3-5°
alloy steel 3~5°
Iron castings 4-7° 3-5°
Bronze (Hard) 4-7° 3—5°
Brass and bronze (Soft)
Aluminum and plastics
10-12°
10-12°
3
3-5°
— 5°

41
 After forming the relief angle, an inspection should be made
to confirm if the ground angle is correct. The inspection
shall be carried out by sliding the provided dial gauge on
the ground angle, in the manner as shown in fig. 32.
From the diagram an equality of

tan = h/L
can be obtained. The figures listed in the table 8 are cal¬
culated on the basis of the above formula, and show the value
of "indicating length" h to be applied for the angle of 30'
10° as well as the land of 1 10 mm. (0.04 0.4")

Fig. 30

Peripheral circle Initial land

of mill
Land equal to the initial land

First relief angle

Secondary relief
angle
a

Fig. 31
Peripheral cutting
angle 0 2°
LTR ,\ JL
Hu
Champher cutting
angle 45
<, '

Secondary face cutting angle 5° )

First face cutting angle (30'— 1* ) /
/' rM
First champher relief angle ! 6° ) 1 -1.5
, v5V
Axial rake angle
Secondary champher relief 5°— 10 3-6°
angle 9° ) Radial rake angle _
lO

I
V
I
i m

v S’ 71
First face relief angle '4°)
-
S'

hn\ -m-
Secondary face relief angle ( 6° )
First peripheral relief angle (7°)
Secondary peripheral relief angle (10")

- 42
 \ / /
\ /

Dial gauge indication length (h )

Relief angle
(a)

w
i

i i

Land (L )

Fig. 32

TABLE 8. RELATION BETWEEN RELIFF ANGLE-LAND DIAL GAUGE

INDICATING LENGTH-h.
Unit : mm*
h
a
L 30' 1 2° 3 4 5 6° 7 8 9' 10°

1 0.009 0.017 0.035 0.052 0.070 0.087 0.105 0.123 0.141 0.158 0.176
4
(0.04) 0.00036 0.00068 0.00140 0.00208 0.00280 0.00348 0.00420 0.00490 0.00564 0.00632 0.00704

2 0.017 0.035 0.070 0.105 0.140 0.175 0.210 0.246 0.281 0.317 0.353
(0.08) 0.00068 0.00140 0.00280 0.00420 0.00560 0.00700 0.00840 0.00984 0.01124 0.01268 0.01412

3 0.026 0.052 0.105 0.157 0.210 0.262 0.315 0.368 0.422 0.475 0.529
(0.12) 0.00104 0.00208 0.00420 0.00628 0.00840 0.01048 0.01260 0.01472 0.01688 0.01900 0.02116

4 0.035 0.070 0.140 0.210 0.280 0.350 0.420 0.491 0.562 0.634 0.705
(0.16) 0.00140 0.00280 0.00560 0.00840 0.01120 0.01400 0.01680 0.01964 0.02248 0.02536 0.02820

5 0.044 0.087 0.175 0.262 0.350 0.437 0.526 0.614 0.703 0.792 0.882
(0.20) 0.00176 0.00348 0.00700 0.01048 0.01400 0.01748 0.02104 0.02456 0.02812 0.03168 0.03528

6 0.052 0.105 0.210 0.314 0.420 0.525 0.631 0.737 0.843 0.950 1.058
(0.24) 0.00208 0.00420 0.00840 0.01256 0.01680 0.02100 0.02524 0.02948 C.03372 0.03800 0.04232

7 0.061 0.122 0.244 0.367 0.490 0.612 0.736 0.860 0.984 1.109 1.234
(0.28) 0.00244 0.00488 0.00876 0.01468 0.01960 0.01448 0.02944 0.03440 0.03936 0.04436 0.04936

8 0.070 0.140 0.279 0.420 0.560 0.700 0.841 0.982 1.124 1.267 1.411
(0.32) 0.00280 0.00560 0.01116 0.01680 0.02240 0.02800 0.03364 0.03928 0.04496 0.05068 0.05644

9 0.089 0.157 0.314 0.472 0.630 0.787 0.946 1.105 1.265 1.425 1.587
(0.36) 0.00356 0.00628 0.01256 0.01888 0.02520 0.03148 0.03784 0.04420 0.05060 0.05700 0.06348
10 0.087 0.175 0.349 0.524 0.690 0.875 1.051 1.228 1.405 1.584 1.863
(0.40) 0.00348 0.00700 0.01396 0.02096 0.02768 0.03500 0.04204 0.04912 0.05620 0.06336 0.07452

* Inch measure should follow the formula tan a h/L

- 43 -

t
 (2) Grinding of face
The relieved, formed cutter can be provided with an edge by
grinding the front face of the cutter. This kind of cutter
is provided with a uniform shape to form a required contour,
which is preliminarily made. Therefore, the tool with an
edge only needs a grinding on its front face.
The relieving is already made by the tool and cutter manu¬
facturers when they produce them such as the formed cutters,
hobbing cutters, etc.
When you grind the front face of the cutter, the cutter shall
be fitted in the manner as illustrated in fig. 33, so that
the center line of the cutter and the grinding face of the
wheel will be placed on the same line.
For instance, when providing the formed cutter which is re¬
lieved, with a rake angle, you obtain it by swivelling the
cutter by the angle equal to the rake angle to be ground, as
shown in fig. 34; while the grinding wheel face shall be
moved by the distance "A". Or in the other way, a correct
grinding of the rake angle can be carried out without swivel¬
ling the cutter; but tilting the grinding spindle vertically
by the degree of the rake angle, and thus, matching the rake
face with the grinding face of the wheel. When grinding the
front face of the helical teeth, it has to be ground with
the conical portion of the wheel, in the way as depicted in
fig. 33, with dotted lines. In this instance, a vertical
tilt of the grinding spindle is also made to incline the
wheel, and to grind the rake angle with the conical portion
of the wheel.
For matching the center line of the cutter with the wheel

face, a gauge should be used as shown in fig. 35.

Cutters of this kind must be ground accurately, otherwise
the shape of their blades will be deformed. The most effec-
tive and easiest way of inspection of the cutters without
rake angle as shown in fig. 33, is to set the block gauge
(4-7/8" high) so that its height will become the same
as the tail-stock, in the way as depicted in fig. 36.

44
C
 Then, adjust the dial gauge until its reading at the top of
the block gauge becomes "0".

Fig. 33 Fig. 34
f;

a
n
z
Rake angle

Base circle A
N

Gauge

Fig. 35 Grinding wheel

Bar or mandrel
Center
/
Grinding wheel '
Gauge !
_
Bar or mandrel
Center

\
D/ 2

The block gauge shall be, then, taken away. Then, turn the
cutter until its external end touches the contacting point

of the dial gauge, where the cutter shall be adjusted until

the reading of the dial gauge becomes "0" . An accurate grind-
ing is secured by the fact that the reading of the dial gauge
is "0" when it is fed toward the cutter center.
For grinding the formed cutter with straight teeth, the formed
cutter grinding attachment (extra attachment) can be used,

45

?
 while the formed cutter with helical teeth as well as the
hobbing cutter can be ground with the helical grinding at¬
tachment. (extra attachment.) Formed cutter

Dial gauge
Block gauge
Turning table

Fig. 36

LO
CVJ \0Q
oo
CO
r i
/

2) Grinding a plain mill

(1) With a straight wheel
The first method, applied for grinding the peripheral teeth
of the plain mill with a straight wheel, is to set the tooth rest
at the position where the cutter edge is set as shown in fig.

26. The tooth rest shall be set at the table side (moves
with the cutter), when the cutter to be ground is of a straight
groove type, and when the cutter is of a helical groove type,
at the grinding head or at the bridge side.
As shown in fig. 37, when equipping the table with the tooth
rest, use an adjustable tooth rest ((21) in fig. 6); while
between the tailstock centers, mount the arbor which is pro¬
vided with the cutter. The center gauge is used to adjust
the center height of the wheel and the cutter, and to set the
two on the same height. (Adjust and set the height of the
head at the position where coincides with the height of the gauge
top, by moving the head vertically.) The relief angle can be
obtained by means of moving the wheel center (grinding head) up¬
ward by a distance "A" according to the degree of the relief angle.
(fig. 37)
Move the head downward for negative rake.

- 46

4-7
 On the basis of the clearance angles and wheel diameter D,

an equality to obtain the traveling distance A of the grind¬

ing head:
A = D/2 sinrd
is obtained. It would be convenient for you if you preli¬
minarily calculate respective value for the clearance angle
, and make a list of it.
Table 9 shows the value of A, when the diameter of the wheel
(or the cutter) D = 6 300 mm (l/4"~ 12") , and = 3 -7°.
When a dish shaped wheel if used for the grinding work, the
diameter of the cutter should be used for D in place of the
wheel diameter.
The second method of grinding the cutters with the flat wheels,
is to set the relief angle by means of using the relief angle
adjusting dial (1) and the relief angle adjusting dog (4)
((31) and (30) in fig. 6), as illustrated in fig. 38. Then,
insert the dial (1) which is furnished with a graduated plate
(2) into the center of the tailstock (8), and fix it by tight¬

ening the hexagon bolt (cannot be seen in the figure, but

is screwed in on the dial.). (If the basic line on the dial

and the graduation "0" on the plate do not coincide, ad¬

just the dial till they do. Then, set it by the locking
screw (9) ) .
Next, mount the arbor (6) provided with the cutter (5), between
the right and left tailstocks ((8) and (7)), and then, set the
tooth edge to be ground first at the same height with the
center of the cutter, by means of the center gauge. On the
other side, fix the dog (4) on the arbor with the provided
set screw (10), after inserting the pin (3), which is driven

into the dog, into the hole on the graduated plate. The coin¬
cidence of the tooth edge, set at the height of the cutter
center, with "0°" on the graduated plate can be, thus, ob¬
tained .
The tooth edge to be ground can be moved by , the relief
angle, from its horizontal position, by turning the cutter,
by means of the graduated plate, by the degree required, as

- 47 -
42
 Fig. 37

Grinding wheel
Cutter

“ r~

Tooth rest

Fig. 38

I 2) ® 4) d (p (7

\ n
«
>

J.
%

"’t 1
%
*

- 48 -
-/?
 shown in fig. 39.
In this case, the locking screw (9) must be loosened to set
the graduated plate free so that it can be turned freely to¬
gether with the dog and the cutter.
When the tooth edge is set at the angle , fasten the set
screw (9) to fix the graduated plate.
When grinding the peripheral teeth of a cutter, inserted in¬
to the tapered hole of the workhead, turn the cutter by the
degree of the relief angle to be ground, by means of the
workhead spindle collar (11) which is furnished with gradua¬
tion, as shown in fig. 20.
The wheel center where the tooth edge of the cutter, mounted
on the table, is to be ground, must coincide with the height
of the tooth rest, that is, the height of the tooth edge.
(fig. 39)
This can be achieved by adjusting the wheel head vertically,
and thus, setting the wheel head at the position where the
top face of the center gauge, mounted on the head, touches
the tooth rest.
The clearance angle can be set and ground by means of either
of the above two methods.
In case of grinding cutters with the periphery of a flat wheel,
the land surface is concaved in accordance with the wheel
diameter, as shown in fig. 40.
The smaller the diameter of the wheel, and the larger the
land, the less the value of the effective clearance angle
against the prescribed one becomes. In general case, however,
the land is from 0.8 mm to 1.5 mm, (1/32" to 1/16") and there
is no problem.
Care should be taken when grinding the clearance angle of the

cutter, with a large land on it, and with a wheel of small dia¬
meter.
(2) With a flaring cup or straight cup
Fig. 42 illustrates the grinding method. For this grinding,
there are two methods. One is to grind the cutters by set¬

ting the relief angle by means of calculating the value A on

- 49
 Fig. 39

. aX
i

Fig. 40
Required relief angle
Peripheral cutting line of wheel
— Effective relief angle

Peripheral cutting
Decrease of effective relief angle / line of cutter
Secondary relief angle

Land
I 7\
/
Wheel center
Periphery of cutter

50

7
 Fig. 41 O’*

A
/ •• a
\

O
/
r.

a
Swivelling renter

Fig. 42

/ or

ft

/
N
*

51

17
the basis of cJ* and D from the equality, A = D/2 sin , as
described in fig. 37. And the other is to grind the relief
angle by means of the relief angle adjusting dial and the
relief angle adjusting dog. (Refer to figs. 38 and 39.)

The points which differ from the grinding work with the
straight wheel are that there is no relation between the
relief angle and the wheel center and the cutter center as
well, (There is no need to set the wheel center to coincide
with the cutter center.) and also the land surface is ground
straight . As shown in the figure, the grinding spindle shall
be set at the right angle against the cutter axis. However ,
in the course of an actual grinding, the grinding spindle
must be swivelled horizontally bv a very small angle. (about
1°). This prevents the cutter from touching both margins of
the flaring cup wheel, in case the diameter of the cutter
is bigger than that of the wheel. The other method of grind¬
ing with the flaring cup wheel is to grind the relief angle
by means of utilizing the vertical tilt of the grinding
spindle, one of the features of this machine. In this case,
the relief angle can be obtained by swivelling the grinding
spindle vertically by the required relief angle, after set¬
ting the tooth edge of a cutter to be ground at the same
center height, as shown in fig. 42. This way of swivelling
the grinding spindle is useful not only for setting the
clearance angle of the cutters, but also for easening various
change-over works. The tooth rest shall be mounted on the
table side, when grinding the straight teeth of cutters, and
when helical teeth, on the grinding head or on the bridge.
The setting of the relief angle, by either method, shall be
performed by, first, setting the height of the tooth rest,
the height of the tooth edge, at the height of the cutter
center, with the center gauge, and then, moving the grind¬
ing head vertically, or tilting it vertically on the basis of
the coincident position. In this case, a care should be taken
so that the tooth rest face, inclined in accordance with the

52
 helical angle, as shown in fig. 43, and the point on the
wheel, where the tooth edge touches (in the figure, it is the
margin of the taper cup wheel), as well as the center gauge,
will meet at one point.
Fig. 44 illustrates the grinding of helical teeth
After grinding one of the tooth edges, turn the cutter by
180° to grind, then, the edge on the opposite side, and to
check whether or not it is tapered. If it is tapered, eli¬
minate it by adjusting the swivelling table (1) in fig. 21.
The remaining tooth edges should be ground after this inspec¬
tion is over.
TABLE 9. ANGLE FOR SETTING WHEEL TO OBTAIN RELIEF
ANGLE OF HELICAL CUTTERS
(RELIEF ANGLE , DISPLACEMENT A) (Unit: mm)
A

I) 3° 4° 5° 6° 7° I) 3° 4° 5° 6° 7°
6 0.16 0.21 0.26 0.31 0.37 93 2.49 3.31 4.14 4.97 5.79
8 0.21 0.28 0.35 0.42 0.49 100 2.62 3.40 4.36 5.23 6.09
10 0.26 0.35 0.44 0.52 0.61 1 10 2.83 3.84 4.77 5.75 6.70
12 0.31 0.12 0.52 0.63 0.73 120 3. 1 4 4.19 5.23 6.27 7.31
14 0.37 0.49 0.61 0.73 0.85 130 3.40 4.53 5.67 6.79 7.92
16 0.42 0.56 0.70 0.81 0.97 140 3.66 4.88 6.10 7.32 8.53
18 0.47 0.63 0.78 O.'tl 1.10 150 3.93 5.23 6.54 7.84 9.14
20 0.52 0.70 0.87 1 .05 1 .22 160 4.19 5.58 6.97 8.36 9.75
23 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 170 4.45 5.93 7.41 8.89 10.36
26 0.68 0.91 1.13 1.36 1.58 180 4.71 6.28 7.84 9.41 10.97
30 0.79 1.05 1.31 1.57 1.83 190 4.97 6.63 8.28 9.93 11.58
35 0.92 1.22 1.53 1 .83 2. 1 3 200 5.23 6.98 8.72 10.45 12.19
40 1.05 1.40 0.71 2.09 2.44 210 5.50 7.32 9.15 10.98 12.80
45 1.18 1.57 1.9 3 2.33 2.74 220 5.76 7.67 9.59 11.50 13.41
50 1.31 1.74 2.18 2.62 3.05 230 6.02 8.02 10.02 12.02 14.02
55 1.44 1.92 2.40 2.87 3.35 240 6.28 8.37 10.46 12.53 14.62
60 1.57 2.09 2.61 3.1 4 3.66 250 6.54 8.72 10.95 13.07 15.23
65 1.70 2.27 2.83 3.40 3.96 260 6.80 9.07 11.33 13.59 15.84
70 1.83 2.44 3.05 3.66 4.27 270 7.07 9.42 11.77 14.11 16.45
75 1.96 2.62 3.27 3.92 4.57 280 7.33 9.77 12.20 14.63 17.06
80 2.09 2.79 3.49 4.18 4.87 290 7.59 10.12 12.64 15.16 17.67
85 2.22 2.97 3.70 4.44 5.18 300 7.85 10.46 13.07 15.68 18.28
90 2.36 3.14 3.92 4.70 5.48
* inch measure should follow the formula A = D/2 sin a.

53 -
*“4
 Fig. 43

k-
*

9
A

r
A >
r A

V
«
* «

4ÿ- ,
nJ
i

i
'•»

y
f >

** d :r
?>**

Fig. 44

i 4
t.
2 NL.
D
—
t Hi
r_
- r \

,>:- ,
.
.
ft$Lv
J '
M
i

) / i
* "«6Sÿ~.
•
<f

HUM .'!3B

>i.

54 -
'
A
 3) Grinding a end-mill and a shell-end-mill
The grinding method of end mills is basically the same as
plain mills. The point which differs from the latter is that the
end teeth (or the face teeth) and, upon necessity, the corner of
the mill, also have to be ground. The end teeth are ground after
grinding the peripheral teeth by means of the same method as the
one of grinding the plain mills. You may find it convenient to
use a tapered cup wheel (or cup wheel) for grinding the face edge
and the comers.
Fig. 45 shows the end mills, while fig. 46 illustrates the shell
end mills.
(1) Grinding end teeth
The grinding of the face edge can be carried out by swivel¬
ling the workhead body, on which is set, the cutter, vertically
and horizontally by the degree of the relief angle, after
fixing the cutter on the arbor, and inserting it into the
tapered hole of the workhead ((1) in fig. 6). In another way,
it can be ground is by horizontally swivelling the workhead
body by the degree of the relief angle, and then, tilting the
grinding spindle vertically by the same degree.
When inclining the cutter together with the workhead, install
the tooth rest in the T-slot provided on the workhead body.
This eliminates the complicated work to change the position
of the tooth rest, necessary when the relief angle is adjust¬
ed. After the tooth rest is installed, fix the work spindle
collar ((9) in fig. 20) by fastening the locking screw ((10)
in fig. 20) , so that the cutter will not be turned.
Reassembly is necessary for grinding the clearance angle of
relief.
Fig. 47 illustrates the grinding of the face edge of shell
end mills.
Fig. 46

Fig. 45

m
55

H
 Fig. 47

* V* f V
V 9 »v
*
t '* L ft

»
« •

4
Tÿt -
iJ

’SM

Fig. 48

I
ft
D

<?
i' a ft

*fc

1
k , '-

<v >&**
Rr2r

56
Jr 7
 (2) Grinding corner
Swivel the workhead body or the grinding head horizontally
by the degree of the corner angle, while the cutter, shall
be mounted on the arbor, and inserted in the tapered hole
of the workhead. (Generally the corner angle is 45°) The
tooth edge of the cutter will be set at the height of the
cutter center by using the center gauge, and will be support¬

ed by the workhead or the tooth rest which is mounted on the

table. The workspindle ((9) in fig. 20) shall be locked by
the locking screw ((10) in fig. 20) so that the cutter will
not be turned, and the grinding spindle shall be tilted ver¬
tically by the degree of the clearance angle of the corner.
Fig. 48 illustrates chamfering of the shell end mills.
4) Grinding a face mill
The grinding of the face mills, of which diameter is less than 8
inches, can be carried out exactly in the same way as applied for
the grinding of the shell end mills as described before. Tapered
cup wheels or cup wheels are used for this kind of grinding. (As
for the usage of the wheels, refer to table 6.) Special arbor
for the face mills is available according to request. Fig. 49
shows the peripheral tooth angle of the face mills, while the face
angles are shown in fig. 50. Fig. 51 shows the corner angles.
5) Grinding a keyway or slotting cutter
As for the fundamental method of grinding, please refer to the
section for "the grinding of plain mills." The set-up for grind¬
ing the cutters of this kind is the same as the grinding of plain
mills . And, in this case, the tooth rest shall be mounted on the
table (inclusive of the workhead) , when grinding straight teeth,
and for helical teeth, on the grinding head.

Fig. 49

*1

4 tt

57 -
t-V
 6) Grinding a side milling cutter
The peripheral teeth of the side mills shall be ground in the
same manner as the plain mills, while the side teeth shall be
ground in the same manner as shell end mills.
In a light cutting operation with the side teeth of the mills,
its clearance angle B, shown in fig. 52, shall be ground to
about 1°. This is to eliminate possible chattering. Such chat-
tering can also be eliminated by furnishing the side teeth with
a relief angle, like A illustrated in the figure.

Fig. 50

9
* »
# , W
i

™'l
& w-m j

Fig. 51

I 7f
-nr
.ÿ3
4
*

r Ni

\&i
58

S) /
 Fig. 52 fig. 53

Relief angle
A

Sfc
i
*~4~
- First relief
y. Relief angle
B
angle

Secondary relief
angle
B

7) Grinding a staggered tooth cutter

This is a kind of the side mills, and is shown in fig. 53.
The helical teeth of plain mills are spiralled to one side only,
but the teeth of this mill are spiralled alternately.
The peripheral teeth, however, shall be ground in the same manner
as is applied for grinding the helical teeth of the plain mill.
The tooth rest as shown in fig. 54 is desirable for this kind of
grinding work.
The setting of the relief angle shall be carried out either by
means of adjusting the relief angle adjusting dog and the relief
angle adjusting dial (refer to fig. 39) , or on the basis of the
value of the relief angle obtained from the equality concerning
the relief angle and the moving distance, set in accordance with
the wheel diameter or the cutter diameter. (Refer to table 9)
One tooth of the cutter is ground on the way of a clockwise rota¬
tion of the cutter, and on the way back of the cutter, turning in
counter clockwise direction, the opposite torsion angle is ground.
When all the teeth are ground in the above manner, check the
ground teeth with a dial gauge. If they are not equally ground,
readjustment must be made, and they must be ground once more.
Fig. 55 illustrates the grinding of the staggered tooth cutters.
The side teeth on both sides of the cutter should be ground only

- 59 -
 when it is necessary to reduce the width.
Primary relief angle shall be obtained by means of swivelling the
workhead or the grinding spindle. The secondary relief angle shall
also be ground in the same manner as above.

Fig. 54

The angle(o) should be bigger by 5—8°

than the spiral angle of cutter

Fig. 55

A
K
2- I
i jm
*

4
(kr

Hpt > v,
'

- 60

f
 Fig. 56

‘ - -
<6t7’7V**.
ads—
1|# 1
Ltesiv: ;.
Ai 4
* ~ "T

If L 1 -»

8) Grinding an angular cutter

The grinding method of angular cutters is very similar to shell
end mills. However, the workhead body or the grinding head must
be swivelled horizontally in accordance with the angle of the
cutter. On the other hand, the workhead body or the grinding
spindle has to be tilted vertically by the degree of the relief
angle to be ground.
The tooth rest shall be installed on the grinding head when the
cutter has helical teeth, and when it has straight teeth, the
tooth rest shall be mounted on either the table (including the
workhead) or the grinding head.
Fig. 56 illustrates the comer-grinding of the angular cutters
9) Grinding a long end mill
When grinding the end teeth of a long end mill, with a tapered
cup wheel (standard equipment) , bear in mind that a long end
mill of less than 235 mm (9-3/8") in length cannot be ground due
to the fact that the table is turned as shown in tig. 57 for the

61 -
O'-
 above grinding operation, which makes the distance between the
grinding face of the tapered cup wheel and the spindle nose of
the workhead 235 mm (9-3/8") .
When the table is set at the normal position, the distance between
the tapered cup wheel and the workSpindle nose is 142 mm (5-2/3").
And when the table is turned by the angle of 180°, the distance is
225 mm (9"). The grinding manner is the same as the one adopted
for grinding the end mills.
10) Grinding a metal slitting saw
When grinding a metal slitting saw of which diameter smaller than
8 inches, insert the arbor, on which is mounted the metal slitting
saw, into the tapered hole provided on the workhead. Another way,
support the metal slitting saw by means of the arbor which shall
be supported beLween both LailsLocks. In eiLher case, Ihe griud-
ing manner is substantially the same as the one of that for slot¬
ting cutters.

Fig. 57

60,
Approx. 235
— MAX.
C
V
'I

Approx. 390

62

43
 11) Grinding a large metal saw
Metal saws, up to 48 inches in diameter, can be ground. For
this grinding work, however, the user must make a special stud
which will be used for supporting the metal saw. The grinding
work shall be gradually carried out by turning the metal saw with
the stud as its turning axis.
The grinding process is as follows:
First, install the tapered cup wheel on the grinding head. Then ,
draw a center line on the metal saw. Mounting the metal saw on
the centering stud, fasten it by a degree at which it can still
be turned by hand.
Then, adjust the grinding spindle to set it at the required height.
(You need not pay strict attention to the spindle center.)
When the metal saw is too big to be ground on the table set at
the normal position, you may swivel the table by a degree, where
the metal saw can now be ground, and fix the table at the position.
The clearance angle can be obtained by using an angle protractor
which is set at an angle (90° plus required clearance angle) , and
of which one side, on the center line of the metal saw, which you
drew in advance.
The tooth of the metal saw is received by the tooth rest, mounted
on the turning table. Next, swivel the grinding head horizontally
until the grinding face of the wheel is set parallel to the other
side of the angle protractor. Now, grind one tooth of the metal
saw. Then, loosen the fastening collar on the stud so that the
metal saw can be turned for the grinding of remaining teeth. In
fig. 58 is illustrated the grinding of relief angle of metal saws.
When grinding a large metal saw, it is desirable to also make a
chamfering on every other tooth, as shown in fig. 58.

Fig. 58

J . *•

rT+1
- 63 -
&
 Fig. 59

For this, a flat shaped wheel or a dish shaped wheel is used. The
grinding wheel shall be moved up enough to furnish the comer with
a required angle, which shall be ground every other tooth. The
other teeth can be ground by turning over the metal saw itself.

12) Grinding a helical tooth cutter

When grinding intensely helical teeth of a cutter, install a flat
shaped wheel on the grinding spindle, and swivel the grinding head
horizontally to obtain the prescribed relief angle. (For instance,
when grinding a relief angle to 5° on a tooth of which the spiralling
angle is 40°, as shown in table 10, swivel the grinding head hori¬
zontally by an angle of 3° 15' by means of the plate which is
furnished with graduation at an equal division. Refer to fig. 62.)
Next, insert the arbor of the cutter into the tapered hole of the
master, (a little longer than the cutter, but with the same lead
and spiralling direction) , and mount the master equipped with the
cutter between the right and left tailstocks. Then, set the arbor
at the same height with the grinding spindle center, using a center
gauge placed on the table. Install the tooth rest of fixed type
or of adjustable type on the grinding head. The wheel shall be,
then, approached toward the cutter, and the grinding shall be car¬
ried out, copying the master by means of the supporting portion
of the tooth rest, which takes the place of the touching point of
the center gauge, as shown in fig. 60. (When you become skilled
in this work, you may use the tooth rest blade in stead of using
the tooth rest supporting portion.)
The front face of the cutter can be ground in the manner as depicted
in fig. 61, with the conical portion of the wheel, and by setting

64
b
the wheel at the required angle in accordance with the spiral
angle of the cutter.

TABLE 10. ANGLE FOR SETTING WHEEL TO OBTAIN

RELIEF ANGLE (B), 3 10° ON HELICAL CUTTERS

15 5° 6° 7° 8° 9° 10°
3° 4°
A
30° 1 °30' 2° 1 °30' 3° 3°30' 4° 4°30' 5°
35° 1 °45' 2° 15' 3° 3° 30' 4° 4°30' 5° 15' 5°45'
40° 2° 2° 15' 3° 15' 4° 4°30' 5°15' 5°45' ()°30'

45° 2° 2° 15' 3°30' 4°15' 5° 5° 45' 6° 30' 7° 15'

50° 2° 15' 3° 3°45' 4°30' 5°30' 6° 1 5' 7° 7°45'
55° 2°30' 3° 15' 4° 5° 5°45' 6° 30' 7°30' 8° 1 5'
60° 2°30' 3°30' 4°30' 5° 15' 6° 7° 7°45' 8°45'
65° 2° 45' 3°45' 1°30' 5°30' 6°30' 7°15' 8° 15' 9°
70° 2° 15' 3°45' 4° 45' 5°45' G°30' 7°30' 8°31' 9° 30'
75° 3° 3°45' 4° 15' 5° 15' 6°45' 7°45' 8°45' 9°45'

Fig. 60

I
Ml
as-..
r*
P
"

\m.
—
r ’Vr
'ML

J — \\

65
 Fig. 61

'«

A*
7

[i

Fig. 62

Spiral angle
A Cutte r

Horizontal swivelling angle

— Grind inÿ wheel
of grinding spindle n)

13) Grinding a tap

The grinding manner of taps furnished with straight slots is
substantially the same as the one of the tooth front of the formed
cutters. (Refer to fig. 33 and fig. 34.) The tap corner must be
set coincident with the dished grinding wheel face (51. fig. 6.)

by means of the gauge set at the wheel face as shown in fig. 35.

66

<7
 Next, mount the tap between the right and left tailstocks, and
support the back-end of the tap with an adjustable tooth rest (21.
fig. 21), and then, adjust the tooth rest so that the tap will
coincide with the wheel face.
A tap having a rake angle shall be mounted after setting the tap
center coincident with the wheel face by means of the gauge.

The tap, now, shall be ground, in accordance with the rake angle,
and by moving forward the wheel by the distance "A", as shown in
fig. 34.
Fig. 63 shows the grinding method of top.

Fig. 63

c-CSC3
-

O f
>4
* y
{i
f/M !

.. k..

14) Grinding a reamer

Reamers are generally classified into two groups; one is machine

reamers, such as chucking reamers, shell reamers, Jober's reamers,

morse taper reamers, adjustable reamers, etc., and the other is
hand reamers.
The reamers should be reground very carefully, as they are required
to have an extremely high accuracy, in comparison with the other

cutting tools.

67

$
 (1) Grinding a straight reamer
In case of reaming with the machine reamer, the chamfering
(fig. 64) of the reamer end, and in case with the hand reamers,
cutting edge at the starting taper (fig. 65), are mostly used
respectively. And, naturally those parts become worn-out

more easily than the straight portion. For this reason, the
grinding of the cutting edge of the chamfer, as well as the
starting taper portion is only needed in most cases.
However, since the straight portion also becomes worn-out in
the course of continual reaming works, it becomes necessary
to provide the cylindrical portion with land, and to grind
the relief angle as well as the rake angle of the peripheral
teeth.

Fig. 64
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T Approx. 45’
Relief angle L
N
J A!

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Diameter

Section A A
AJ
Diameter measuring portion

Fig. 65

Starting taper
portion
I .and
Approx. 1* 1
Relief angle
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Diameter
Section A A

Diameter measuring portion

AJ

n 68 -
 a) Grinding chamfer portion and starting taper portion
First, mount the reamer between both right and left tail-
stock centers, and swivel the table by the degree of the
chamfering angle (or the angle of the starting taper) to set
the longitudinal table travel, parallel to the chamfer (or
the starting taper) . Then, start grinding, after swivelling
the grinding spindle by the degree of the relief angle (5 10°).
In most cases, the chamfered angle is 45°, and the starting

taper angle is 1°. Fig. 66 illustrates the grinding of the

chamfer of the machine reamers.

Fig. 66

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b) Grinding straight portion

The straight portion is provided with, what is called, a
back-taper. The straight chucking reamer, shell reamer and
taper shank bridge reamer are furnished with a taper from
0.02 to 0.03 mm (0.0008" to 0.0012") in diameter, along a
length of 100 mm (4") , while the taper shank chucking reamer
is furnished with one from 0.02 to 0.3 mm (0.0008" to 0.012").
The Jober's reamer as well as the hand reamers are provided
with a taper from 0.01 to 0.015 mm (0.0004" to 0.0006"). For
the grinding of the straight portion, the taper table must

- 69

70
 be turned by the degree of the taper angle, by means of a five
adjustment (refer to fig. 22) to set the longitudinal table
travel parallel to the tapered portion, and to furnish the por¬
tion with land, (differs according to the kind of reamer, and
its diameter, varying from 0 mm to 0.6 mm (0 to 0.024")).
The grinding wheel (tapered cup wheel is generally used)
shall, then, be vertically tilted by the degree of the relief
angle (5 10°), to grind the clearance angle.
Fig. 67 illustrates the grinding of relief angle of the
straight portion.

Fig. 67

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c) Grinding rake face

When grinding the rake face, it should be noted that the tooth
grooves are set at unequal distance in order to eliminate a
chattering and to obtain better chamfer, when reaming. For
this reason, the tooth rest must be supporting the back-side
of the cutting tooth to be ground, (fig. 68) Usually the rake
angle is 0° (refer to fig. 33); however, the reamer for ream¬
ing soft material is provided with a positive rake angle (fig.
34) to obtain a better finish, and the one for reaming hard

70

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 Fig. 68

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material is given a negative angle (fig. 69) to strengthen

the cutting teeth. The rake face with 0° or a positive rake
angle, can be ground in the way as described in the paragraph
1) of (1). The rake face with a negative angle can be ground
by swivelling the reamer by the degree of the rake angle, and
at the position where the grinding face of the wheel is being

set, A distance backward from the reamer center.

Fig. 69

Negative rak anul**

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71 -

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 (2) Grinding a taper reamer
The taper reamers should be ground more carefully than the
straight reamers, as high accuracy on both taper and diameter
is required.
a) Grinding relief angle
This kind of reamer is not furnished with the land as the
straight reamer has. The grinding method of the relief
angle (5 6°) is the same as described in the previous
paragraph, (1), a); set the longitudinal table travel
parallel to the taper, by swivelling the table by the
degree of the clearance angle.
b) Grinding rake face
Mount one end of the reamer on the tailstock
center, and the other, on the center inserted into the
workhead. 'The mounted reamer shall be adjusted
so that its tooth end shall be set horizontally, by in¬

clining the workhead center by the degree of the taper

angle. The grinding method is the same as described in
the paragraph (1) , c) .
(3) Grinding a taper reamer with helical teeth
In comparison with the other reamers, the taper reamers with
helical teeth, should be ground with the best care.
Too much tightening of the center makes the reamer turn un¬

even, and also causes inequality of the cutting teeth, or

scrape on the wheel.
When grinding the reamer, the table must be swivelled by the
degree of the reamer's taper angle to set the longitudinal
table travel parallel to the taper portion.
For this grinding, a dish shaped wheel ((51) in fig. 6) shall
be used, and the grinding method as described in the paragraph
2), (1) (Ref. fig. 37) shall be adopted. (If a tapered cup

wheel is used, please refer to fig. 42.)

This grinding work, however, requires considerable skill.

Therefore, we recommend you use the helical grinding attachment,
(extra attachment) , by which a finish of high accuracy can be
obtained without much skill.

72

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 Fig. 70

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8. Extra attachments

1) Cylindrical grinding attachment

Swing over table (diameter) 250 mm (10")
Distance between T-slot center of table and
workhead center 124 mm (5")
Distance between table surface and workhead center 124 mm (5")
Distance between workspindle nose of workhead and
right tailstock center 580 mm (23-3/8")
Workspindle taper hole One end B & S No. 12 (or M.T. No. 5)

Other end ASA No. 50

Distance between wheel and the center 300 mm (12")
When workhead is equipped with center:
Distance between wheel and chuck jaw front end 245 mm (10")
When workhead is equipped with chuck:
Chuck diameter 100 mm (4")
Height of jaw chuck 15 mm (5/8")
Horizontal swivel of workhead 360°
Workhead spindle speed 360 r.p.m.
Workhead spindle motor 0.2 KW (1/4 HP), 4 poles
2) Formed cutter grinding attachment
Grinding diameter, max. 215 mm (8-1/2")
Diameter of adapter bushing hole Metric 22, 27, 32, 40, 45, 50 mm
Inch 7/8, 1, 1-1/4, 1-1/2, 1-3/4, 2

73 -
 3) Surface grinding attachment
Vise: width 100 mm (4")
opening 70 mm (2-3/4")
depth 25 mm (15/16")
Horizontal and vertical swivel of vise 360°
4) Internal grinding attachment
Grinding depth 75 mm (3")
diameter 12 50 mm (1/2 2") or 8 20 mm (5/16 3/4")
internal grinding spindle speed 20000 (or 35000) r.p.m.
5) Spring collet chuck
Chuck diameter Metric 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20
Inch 1/8, 3/16, 1/4, 5/16, 3/8, 1/2, 5/8, 3/4
6) No. 1 radius grinding attachment
Main spindle taper B & S No. 12 (or M.T. No. 5)
Radius 0 50mm (0 2")
Max. diameter of cutter 100 mm (4")
This attachment is particularly suitable for grinding ball end
mills .
7) No. 2 radius grinding attachment
Radius 0 25 mm (0 1")
Max. dia. of cutter 300 mm (12")
This attachment ensures precision grinding of R, and corners.
8) Small end mill grinding attachment
Taper hole B & S No. 7 (or M.T. No. 2)
9) Face mill grinding attachment
Max. dia. of cutter 457 mm (18")
10) Long reamer grinding attachment
Swing 150 mm (6")
Max. distance between centers 860 mm (34")
ID Dust collector
Motor 0.4 KW (1/2 HP) 2 poles
This attachment absorbs the grinding chips, and is very important
for maintaining the machine accuracy and as a health measure.
12) Workhead indexing attachment
Please mention the number of notch, when ordering.
Usually, an indexing device with 24 notches is delivered.

74 -
r
13) Raising block
Raising capacity 50 mm (2")
14) Mist type coolant system
Motor 0.1 KW (1/6 HP)
With this attachment, wet diamond lapping of sintered carbide
cutters can be executed with a diamond wheel.
15) Lathe & planer tool grinding attachment
Capacity 10 38 mm (3/8 1-1/2")
16) Drill pointing attachment
Diameter of drill 3 25 mm (1/8 1")
17) Antomatic table reciprocating attachment
Length of stroke 0 30 mm (0 1.19")
18) Helical grinding attachment
Taper hole B & S No. 10 (or M.T. No. 4)
(1) Spiral grinding
Minimum lead 225 mm (9")
Max. pitch 3-1/2 O.P. (8 module)
Max. dia of cutter 125 mm (5")
Max. grinding length 200 mm (8")
(2) Relief grinding
Diameter of cutter 3 20 mm (1/8 5/8")
Relief angle (2 teeth) 15°
19) Extended grinding wheel spindle
Extension 75 mm (3")
20) Optical radius grinding attachment
Magnification X 20
Reading of radius on template 0.1 4 mm (0.004 0.16")
Tilting of tool post Cross +30°
Longitudinal +20°
Possible tilting range of whole attachment -5 0 +15°
21) Wet grinding attachment

Motor 0.125 KW (1/6 HP) , 2 poles

This attachment is necessary for irradiation of heat generated by
the grinding work.
22) Hydraulic table feeds attachment
Longitudinal table travel 400 mm (16")

75
r

Range of feeds 100 6000 mm/min (4" 240"/min) or 100 1200 mm/min.
(4" 48"/min)
Min. Hydraulic table feed change-over distance
When table feed is 0.8 m/min. (32"/min.)
approx. 15 mm (5/8")
Oil tank motor 0.4 KW (1/2 HP)
Used pressure 6 8 kg/ cm2 (or 17 18 kg/ cm2, when 12 m/min.)
(40"/min. )
23) Variable speeds workhead
Swing over table (diameter) 250 mm (10")
Distance between T-slot center of table and
spindle center 105 mm (4")
Distance between table surface and spindle center 124 mm (5")
Distance between spindle nose and tailstock center 445 mm (18")
Taper hole of main spindle B i S No. 10 (or M.T. No. 4)

B & S No. 12 (or M.T. No. 5)

When main spindle is equipped with center:

Distance between wheel and center 285 mm (11-5/8")
When main spindle is equipped with chuck:
Distance between wheel and chuck jaw front 215 mm (8-5/8")
Diameter of chuck 110 mm (4-3/8")
Height of chuck jaw 20 mm (5/6")
Horizontal swivel of main spindle 360°
Main spindle speed (3 steps) 120, 200, 325 r.p.m.
Main spindle drive motor 0.2 KW (1/4 HP) , 4 poles
24) Heavy duty tailstocks
Max. weight of work piece 60 kg (132 lbs.)
Distance between centers 520 mm (21")

- 76 -
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