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Distillation Rectification English PDF
Distillation Rectification English PDF
DISTILLATION RECTIFICATION
Distillation is a unit operation that can be used to fractionate liquid Distillation does not result in complete Rectification is an application of
mixtures. It utilises the different volatility of the components of separation of the liquid mixture, but distillation and its uses include
the mixture to be separated. Volatility refers to the tendency of a rather its division into two mixtures fractionation of crude oil.
substance to pass from the liquid phase into the gas phase. Examples with different contents of volatile and
of volatile liquids include acetone, alcohol and petrol. less volatile components. The sepa- If the distillate obtained during
rating principle is based on the fact distillation is distilled again, a
To achieve separation, the liquid mixture is brought to boiling point. that the content of volatile compo- new distillate is obtained with
The resulting vapour phase is made up of several components, mainly nents is greater in the vapour phase an even higher concentration
the more volatile components of the mixture. The vapour phase is than in the liquid phase. of volatile components. As the
separated from the liquid phase and condensed (distillate). The less procedure is repeated, the
volatile components predominantly remain in the liquid phase. concentration of volatile compo-
nents in the distillate increases
on each occasion.
On its way to the top of the column, the liquid phase. At the same time, the liquid phase concentration of less
mixed vapour created at the bottom is condensation heat released evapo- volatile components increases in
subjected to an intensive exchange of rates the more volatile components the opposite direction, from the top
heat and material with the liquid phase of the liquid phase. These proc- of the column to the bottom.
as it passes through the tray or packing esses in the column increase the
in the column. The less volatile compo- vapour phase concentration of vola-
nents of the vapour phase condense tile components moving from the
and increase in concentration in the bottom to the top of the column. The
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