= 6 Contents @ Present tenses Prensa eset corms, se vets er petee Stone Slaoe pees Sots @ ost tenses “ SSF te tet antripun, aad We wok Ban pos Sac pe prea sore The Futur Wie ones paca canes teen ae ite Sete trre pote spe fare Pave conus Question tags, short agreements 32 Revision Units 1-4 36 Modals (1) 38 billy, permission, requests, offers, suggestions ‘Modals (2) 44 obligation and necessity, absence of obligation, prohibiion/restriction, advice/advisabilty/cricism, possibilty, deduction Conditionals 52 zero conditional, frst conditional, second conditional, third conditional Wishe: Revision Unis 5-8 24 “it's time’ ‘The Passi Causative forme688 AHA © HEA Adjectives, adverbs Infinitive, gerund infinitive, leV/make’. ‘would rather. ‘had better, Yoo/enough, ‘gerund, “be/get used to. ‘prefer/would rather Nouns, articles Revision Units 9-13 Reported speech (1) reporied slotements, commands and requests, questions Reported speech (2) reporied verbs Relative clauses defining relative clauses, contract clouses, non-defining relative clauses, coordinate relative clauses Clauses in case’, clauses of purpose, result, reason, concession, contrast Prepositions prepositions of time, ploce, movement, dependent prepositions Phrasal verbs Revision Units 14-19 Spelling rules Phrasal verbs All tenses reference chart Irregular verbs English wordlist 78 86 98 106 108 us 122 128 138 144 150 152 153 156 157 158Present tenses present simple, present continuous, stative verbs, present perfect simple, present perfect continuous ‘Welcome to th Fst ete ofthis years Teun ink raguine! My name is sbela Hicks and. a5 some of you now.tm ToonLink’s new Ed, Aktough Ive been working on the magazine for only short time, I must a. |absoluey love i “This year we are celebrating four : wonderful years of Torin So, we've been working really hard and have Prepared les of fanatic articles and features for you! Hello ehope ones pyar everyone! en, [Atirmatie, quenon, agus he posnan aka: comes den Does the postan ays come a ker? ‘he pounan doe’ come a lee, Tha ae sleping athe moment ete epithe omer They aren sleping i met We have known he es ns er. Hage ne hon er Seas er? We we mse tn it She has ben ting Erg or sic rot ar he bon djing Engh for month? ‘Sha has’ boon tubing Ene rs ems,Present simple and present continuous Present simple = We use the present simple > toreler to something wich happens ten fra habit that ws have usually de my homework ‘Be ule! 'm doing my homework Immediately alter school > to refer to permanent sates 1p describe temporary tates and actions ‘Thay te in England ‘She's staying with her grandparents this week Fo alk about aoneral rut or natal bos Water boils at 100° Celis when a eer to prgrammes [enema heave, eto mettle oe sis ine) ‘The film sare at §.00pe. ‘Our plane leaves at half pasts to describe a spor facto ot ‘he story a fim or book. ‘Andy Wilson scores his fst goll__| In this ease we usually use aves ‘Sean Jameson who plays the part_| such a always, constantly et colthe detective, dies na ear rash. You'e aluays borrowing my things | without asking! Time markers Time markers Some time marr hich we ofen| Some me mares that we of ‘euith the present simple are st the prevent continuous ae > adverbs of frequency: aay, ‘ow, atthe moment, t present, fat present, today, these das, this | today, these day, this monthweek, Sometimes, occasionally, never, |e Tarely, seldom et. > ther tie mass sch as every ayuueek month om Mondaye ‘Toceday, atthe weekend, once a week are‘tative verbs “There af some ves hat donot sally frm continu tenses continuous forms) becouse thy dase sates, ot actions. Some ofthese verbs a Debs ofthe senate: see, Hea, small, fel taste, sound, look sem, notice, > ters of percelion: know, understand, think, belie, remember, forget, ‘expect, > vari hat enpess has or dls: He, dite, lve, hat, prefer, ee. > other verbs suchas: be, belong have, need, want, cos, mean, wis, hope, Include, contain, weigh, ee Some of he above vats may ao be used wth conuoustnses. In this case, ‘hey have a diferent meaning ance thay dasebe actions, not ates. Lats compare the eampls below. | Have you seen the te? sexing Lacy alter schol (ee 5c) (soo = meet) er sin fel (iat = thas aso) ecu | Sugar tastes sweet (tase = se | These lowers sme nie. (erel = be raat Think hes oe | hn = belo, conser] deck sto ethers | thave= have (have = have (a bath) ‘That plctre looks wie He's looking a the picture. (ook = appea| (look = ook ‘ets look and feel may be used th simple or contruous terse without ‘hanging the mening ofthe sentence. ‘You look /are looking great! oem feeling tied2 Com with the present simple or (sorte) Gente a eae m sentences ust resent simple. | We always 2a... (stay) at the ee salah pone Presidene Hotel when we're in Portsmouth. Tip 2 ele (oe ty tte th oe 2 i ne Fay ted Parana daiaaarany Me dea yt ony. bod Doe any ot bet ot eee gy ‘The west ofthe ime markars usally go atthe tes fe Wy ———_—= mice ithgeg ioe seece Seton a ey 6 Sepa mca he imran: een wa er Sycam reakdast Tn (kangaroos live) in Africa? Bon fo yor | gape ze oi We steaye me dinner St age” ot (never / ext) mest, 2 wat you arse a 10 Thepepaon a ow ees me 2 ran /eig/hs pens Sntn Hoehne ay es 12 tg Tt fr 4 terrane < — 13 al a in 5 heap oa ar ber on) Stents : V4 Meco ig apt «ou! p ote cre ow cn mat 1 David watch / horror fms (eldom) se a 3 Circle the corect answer. plate A adeael “That man over there ks (CEE os. 4 he /go/ to work by bs (comets) 2 Tose colours! ae boing lovey on es pe 10. Danny ih work at $30 (very dy) 2 Boye ti he hig ein se 11 ew eo ech oer 4 an ached ye ik ioe ‘gat 12 palm wee / grow in warm nates 5 They hore han eton the toni nomen — 6 Weaver hon house he contr 13. Lhe basta practice (on Srey 1 “Tha perume mel ning asi snoring) Wy ony by 14 she cook /such wonder mene (aways) 1am fa ing very busy right nom. Mum feck! feing his forehead because he 15 wa put aay Jou dns? say he 5 tepratere (eee end tthe day) 10 Whats the mater You sound re sounding vps1 4 Complote with tho prosont simple or ‘present continuous | whats the macsr? Why 2 01 lootng (you loot se me? 2 Tye met Alcs She (oo) ‘wonderful person 4 Me and Mrs Ricard x chien, 4 She iP needs more 5 He (ate) earcoons (Chin i a grea idea! 7 Mary ent come to the phone right now. She (ae) (ease) the meat to see hve) 2 shower aes {you J remember) ny other Pic o1 (ot believe) you. Youre hin! 10 Be quiet 1... (thing! 11 dont know why he (be) so rode. He's usualy very kind 12 That ate (cast) deliious. 13 Mya (20) Lovie ater ner nigh 14 Ta ag nnn ng) £0 me. 5 Complete wit the present simple or ‘present continuous 1 That man meld (weigh) 150 os 2 Bill ofen (a) about pots. 3 You (be) very selish tthe moran You ms pologe, 4 We (ink of moving to Lverpoo. 5 Don't throw that book ava. wr (need 6 Ho canchear you. He (ister) to his personal stereo, m1 ~ (rave) hunch a he ‘momen Can cll you back iter? e you J netic) anying Strange nis room? 9 Kate’ in her rom, She (lok) atthe photos from Nicks party HO What a (you! want)? 11 There kay (baton) to Mr wits PO Y0b nn (pen 00 ft | at Understand what you're syne 12 ste to ther! They —- (make) ‘tere nose in ral 14 How much (the she cont! 15. Leave me alone peas. (ey) co concenrate. Read and complete. Use the present simple or present continuous. Good evening: Thi Mary Rose reporting for ‘BA Canal. mat the Muse Festal in Pars and 1 (1) 2m heing_ (ae) 2 wonderfl ume! The French 2) (eal tifa a Fete de la Musique’ Ie). Herat. poplar French pop group. A you «an se, people fal 3685 (12) noon (ney) ‘hameaies hee!Present perfect simple ‘We use the present perfec simple D for an ation hat appara i he pata an ‘determinable ue. Wl donot ero then the acon happened because we do tot ino ort doesnot concer Tee met Sarah. She's ane gi. >to describe an acon that happened inthe Pa but ht ifn or har se elect fn the presen. Did has washed the cr. W's clean. > toreer oan act that stated inthe past and is ontinara in tha present Mr allan has been a teacher for tventyive years > torearto an acon ha happaned during a aod of ime that has not ended yet Tee red three books this month >to tak about experencs that we have or hove not had nour He Have you ever met anyone famous? ‘She's never had an acident before “This isthe funlest story ve ever heard, “Ths the it time Te sen on. > toelor fo an aon which hs os ben fommpletd Te Bis case, we ally we ast ‘Wenhave jst had lunch “Time markers ‘Sometime markers that we olen use wth the ‘proven perfect spl se ‘for: We've knoum them for years + since: We've knoum them since 1992. Jost She ft here. She has jst et he wailing. ‘ever: Have you ever eaten frog lags telore? ‘ever: Ihave never heard that sage. hays: She has alwaps wanted to wsit far. todays morning awe had to cups ‘of cates this morning, a ong..?: How lng have you been ere? ‘We use have ben to oles to the fact hat sem went someutre hep hae ow rete ‘We we have gone toto eer to the fac that sombody has gone someuhre and ill, {hare an has ot rete, ‘Sarah has been to Japan. (She has retsrned) Sarah has gone to Japan. (She it thre) 7 Form sentonces using the presont perfoct simp Tip ‘Already and just go before the posive pte Yet ges at the end ofthe sentence. For retro the duration ofan acto. Since reer the pat nme her action Sarid 1 exe four sandwiches {hte ean our sandeiches Pod, 2. Charles be 2 fn ofthe Rating Stones (aia) 3 hey eave (reach) 4 you vise! Per? (ever) 5 wel not do/ the shopping (es) 6 114i my homeo Go) 7 she ore (ore) 8 you! your rom re) 9 we ha hi cor yas 10-1 noe ge Ta ince Mond) 11 they ven his ea? (how lan) 12 we /hear the good news (us)1 8 Rownte tho sentences using the ‘word given. | Tye never den a car before, time “Tinie the fest me Ne dee a cr 2TH isthe rst ume we've vsted Aural, Wo elon 3 Ne never read such a good beok before. bese Ti he 4 She isthe priest gt Ive ever sean. never i fue a prety 5 Ho fas never doe anything so sily before 9 Complete with te correct form of have ‘gone or have been. | Auroras nothere atthe moment. She hae dane. coche bank 2 Vac jst the shops. Would you ie tose my new eres? 3 ke out He wont Be long 4 The Smiths ae on holiday. They —.— tolreand 5 We. never 6 She ten at home. She park 17 Tims on a busines trip. He . rokene a France _ tothe at 10 foes of counties but ‘Greace youre 9 Myra 0 che supermarket ‘Shel be bac in aan howe 10 you ever 10 Moscow? Present pesfect continuous We us the preset peroct continuous: > foran actin that vod inthe pas an is His clothes are diy. He's been repairing the car Tine masher Some de marr hat we often use wth the present perfect continuous are How long? for, since recently, lately 10 Read and complete. Use the present perfect Mes Eliot: Adam! You're covered in must ‘What ()) fees Been doin, ‘you! doy ‘Adam: 1@) (phy oot ‘Mes Etite: | @) ook) everywhere for you, young an! ee {ou ly) foal al this ime? ee epic otlock! (Ob, not imate! Ym meting Laura at rine. Wee gong to 2 concert ‘Mrs Eliot: Oh no. you aren. Youre going senighe to bed. You (9) (noc'eep) enough ‘Adam: ‘Adam: Bue Mum, Mes Eliot: Don't argue wth me, Agim! You (6) (pend) too much tie with your fends ely. Ad you ® ot do) very wah at chook Adam: Bu uy) (a) for this concer for weeks! Fess. ‘Mes Eliott: Wall right But you hive to promise youl work harder rom now on ‘Adam: I promise! Thanks, Mum!UL Rewrite the sentences using the word siven, thea waa io cy ill asinee a: meee Kate started paying the von when she ‘wae ve, been Kater nce she was ve ‘She bogan reading three hours 2g. for She ‘ee hour Rob stared leaning Erlh in 1998, been ROD nn 1988, {atareed cleaning te page two hours - for 9 hours Sankey started wring that ars at co Sey has ive! ie started raining an hour aga andi st Faning for Fe HOU Present perfect simple and present perfect continuous Dad started watching TV a seven. been Dad nent SO He started looking for 2 ej five ‘months age. has Hee wa fora new fb for five month “Tae cilren bogan plying footal acc. since The chee ten “The baby fl sleep an hour ago and she hasn't woken up yet steeping The baby an owe ie boran digg in he ren hi Wea te preen since this warring. “The police began looking forthe ming cha few hours ago. een The police een forthe snstng cid fr a fow hour, ‘They sarod eating 2 cite. since They ne ci Present perfec simple resin perfect continous 1 i the present perfect simple, een completes What interest ‘She has washed the car been We dean now. ‘She hasbeen washing the car. 1 Wit the present perfect continuous uwereferio an action tat hac” | te aon mayor ma not have been ‘onpleted. Whot interes ur mee mod ethereal ofthis action | le the acon fal, not whether has > wits the present perfect simple, weer ne inert inthe we empha the draon fhe on Clration ofthe action tin the | at continuing inthe present fact that thae been competed | She has been typing eters all She has yped si letters oda. | morning and stl has a ot to do. > Wnt the prosent perfect continuous, ‘The webs work and lve ae sed in the same uay in both the present perfect, simple andthe present perfect coninoous without makina any diference othe meaning ofthe Serene ‘We have ved /have been Iking here since 1998, He has worked /has been working a the office for six yours.1 12. Complete with the present perfect simple (or present perfect continuous. | [have paved (nt ply volleyball fora longtime 2 The chldven are very sed. They (pin) voll. 3. Sheba very mous writer She {wre} eleven books sof 4 (mi) this book for 3 ar Sef bed ee 5 They (nt be) tothe theatre for ges. {6 You lok ral red, What (your soy 7 marted reading wis book a week ago (read) fy pages 50 fr. 8 1. (not id) a bie sine 9 Het gota very big stamp collection. He (cole) stamps since he was 10. you ever travel to Shocker Country? 11 Laurin te aie She (ean) ia 12 Somy Fm ate, net 13 Sam (jst el to say he be home ice conighe wt (7 do) all my homework we (yeu wat) 14 Reorite the sentences using the word awe. 1 ee as (5 {ihe stan Ont. ars 4 Tes tee weeks since Ist spoke to Sarah i tories wig 13 Complete with the present simple, present Continuous, present perfect simple or resent perfect continuous. 1 Weatways ele (va) our srandpareis on Sundays. 2 George sin his room He {(tudy for his History tee al dy. 31 (pot al 2 you ealking wohnne 4 (yo! evr I ast) Mexican ‘od 5 eae be quit! You. (bways/ complain) about something, 6 tmsired.t (00 seep) enough ‘ach 7 How often (rou / have) Engl lesrone! © We cant buy the tickets, We {already | sped) all our money 9 1. (ne wate) tae fim, You ean ‘ith he television of 10. Youre very quiet What on yo! think) abou (hin Pau isa wonderta at {reves be) to Scot > (an) areae Can | 1s We (oat here for half an hour ad has come yet 5 He Sared taking ten itutes ago, been Ho cr iseceeeecpesen BO MT 10 ase went tothe inna 2 month ago. for haven15 Read and circle the correct answer. last Faw weds. Were al very busy at the eFF28, 163) un werk at eight very evenng, 0 Trelly (ih). tae far angtong dle! The gee aes ie that TS) nnn. to Spin vert weak. Hey (6) to tekets fir Madea. we're leang on Friday, 107)... been to Spain 0 n't wt! We (8) ns bck athe IS ave. Then en the 7 wre traveling to Scotian to ee our pares, We (4)... thom ence @ year. Wel ein Sectlan For toe wats, 20 we Gan maet whin you're back from yair trip to Paris. What (6) ...? White som ae lt we kee: Le, Marsone @ haven't writen on write 1@ > ¢ haantwriten dn not wring 2 & working b imworkng —¢ Ve been working 4 worke 28 fnshing » fish € Ve fished 4 fishes 4 a not have don'thave amnochaving havent Been having Salty b yng € 'mfhing <6 Ne boon fying 6 2 hasbeen buying b buys € have boughe fas boughe 7 3 havent got never «havent had 4 Veneer Ba Yecomig ——& coming © Secome toi 9a viscalways —b Fevstng always € always vist 4 Ye alas vlting 10 & doyouthink —b are youthinking ¢ have you thought have you been thinking CEB eee) 2" you car do the writing aetvty for Unit 1 (Teacher Resource Fs.Past tenses past simple, past continuous, ‘used to’, ‘would’, past perfect simple, past perfect continuous “The No Parking gn wasn't here ten minutes ago! Someone put © [Atirmative,qcston, opatine “Time marae Posse He wrote he we on Mona. os Did ewe te er Monday? iba m2001 He dt wt be eer on ony. | (eat cantinoas She was dog her omwoc at 5:0 While ab all wore War she ding hr homens 5302 Sten dock esters ‘She undoing hor ome 30 (as pare siglo They had gow ob by en ek. a, re han Had thay gone obo by sn Soon or in cad, bs, ‘Thay had gone fo bd by ten oc by byte me [aa para continuous | Ws hed een working rs see fx al ey Had we been working hou? Wah’ bean wering or Hous er edt 901 the erans ery Soa ‘saath at whan Did we go th cnc cosy Stig? | wes your ee oem, ald’ we ogo tote coer every Setay. | vreines never hep. wen waren hose sal,simple We we the pas simple > to dacabe an action hat took place ala specie polt inthe pas “They lft ten mines 990. > shen we eer ohio actos that happened often inthe pat. He traveled lo when he was younger, > to ele oss that nfuence the past. ‘We ted in that house ve years 9g0- > to dase ations that happened conscutves, oF one aftr anche inthe pact. She got up, had breakfast and went out. Pet continuous Wie ws the past contnoous: > to describe an action tht was developing a specimen the past Twas doing my homework at eight o'clock yesterday evening. > to refer to two or mote actions hat happened simutanaousy nthe pa. ‘Mum was watching TV while dad was cooking diner. > to desc an action that was interupted by another in the pat ‘ie se he past continuous for the action that ha the longest duraton, athe ‘pst simple for the scon of he sorte! duration, the one that ied the fet Ts sleeping when the phone rang. While she was diving the glasses, she dropped one. [A they were waking inthe forest. they saw a deer > atthe baginng of son to describe he general amephere the sane, before ‘iota the naa Fea a beautfl morning, The sun was shining and the bids were singing. erent ry ‘Complete withthe past simple or past ‘When i url fotowed bythe pst imple Wille and ose usualy flow bythe 1 We mere tna. (al) forthe bus when it started (sar) te ran, at (see) Lavras (al) down the street. 2 she (nother) the doorbell boeaise the =n te) eo musk, Ji (Gl asleep whe he de is hemework. They (noe word) when | ie te es Mr O'stlvan (fa) his car when r (see hn, (you / ak) abou when | en (break) her eg. she (eal down the ea (eu sleep) when | Gir ‘TheTV (be) on bu he ‘ar waten ie2 2. Comploto with the past simple or past 3 Join the sentences with as, while or when. continuous Do not change the order ofthe sentences. 1 He 8d fae) a shower and Tip Sea on oe ‘When we refer to two ations that happened 1030 as righ im (0 Stanecusi, we oy ua whl, nt tn Mar oath segs ee a (Ge ready for bd when he phone (ene 1 Dadwas reading hs newspaper Mam was 4 fesom {oot en). Can SPLOT i nevepaper whe Mom you repeat we ooking ale 5... ou ea he poles when 2 The boys were plying football We were yor Cher) the birgart ings pon 6 We (oot drive) fst but the police (9p) 23 was walling the dog Iran ine Michael 7 The in — rare) 3¢ 800 and ‘sy a 1000 4 The sun wat sing, We were walking song Wit the teacher (1 heer (thin) about my birheay pry, 9 He (0 anwar he phone bocause he (het hear) 0 (Beuce/ wal) for you when you (ree) a he ston? 11 What. you! do) at nine yesterday morving? 12 Mum (cut er Sager whi ‘coal. Power was reading a comic. The teacher ‘led into the ero I wae drving down West Stree. | aw an She wat leaning the house. was eying the he fee He called, We were having dane. Past simple Present perfec ‘We use the past simple: foram acon that happened ata ‘cic point the pot. ‘ie menton hen the acon happened ‘The game finished at 8.30, Wie us the present perfect: for an action that happened at an Indoteminable time nthe past. We do net mention when the son happened becase we donot Know et {does not concem ve ‘The game hae finished. 1 for acon that stared and was ‘completed nthe past He ved here foro years. (he des not ive here ny more) Toran aeion hat slate i he past and ‘Sconduing in the preser. He ha ved hee for wo years. (eves here) for an acon that bappane in he as, sng a period of tine that bie ended Tank three cups of coffee this poly {is no longer mori) for an action that happened nthe past during a patie of te that bas nt fondod yet have drunk three cups of cofee fie morning: (ised mora) ‘When we ue the past simple we cexchstaly fer to the past ‘When we use he present perfec the actions that we are desing re nineced wh the presentPant 4. Circle the comect answer. 6 Read and complete. Use the past simple or present perfec simple. 1 Bob hasbeen here a minute ag0. 2 They bouph hove bought this house in 1998, 2 Welived/ hove Ine here since 1998. 4 Liam come / has cone bac from Pars st ee worried, She (9)... (not finish] the 5 1aert oho de my homevorkyeso a Ole su hd "eae elie 6 Nes oe edt bok A iett) at 1 e 7 arte on op fed Stee ory uae ne ro eh ri 1s 0 wp eee soe rene ce for yout Dad > (6) (not have) time to do the 5 Complete with the past simple or present ‘shopping before work. Soe tere chee | Tip —pon' forget to feed the cats They eo aaa aaa with the past simple ar present perfect T Nout anch t9 ready: 1 (0b. oneeetene || — Caednieibta a 1492 Z = for Ded. He (10) (g0) to the: cee mre ana dentist, so he might be lke. Ch 7 Rewrite the sentences using the word given. ise-—-eamher on Monday 2. The st ine | spoke ro Alber was 2 ‘month ago. for 1 Have you seen. you see) my new CD? havent sone math 2 We (ave) a wonderful z i tine in Scotland ase year. Ebi tog tel tame eect at ss (Nt 68) Carol athe ini999 prey ls igh 4 leas rained since June. last at (08 9) Job since Friday mee asin ine. Sn ou ever be) 10 The et ume she played toni wat Ravel 1392. since 6 When nn Pal ad $8 st) Sane ens married) 6 Sandra haste wetan to us for ewe 17 Pam is on hold She @) vo Rome. 8 Wen (Go) to Pans ast year 9 es 1030 and Simon. (not cal yet 10 ove London! (ve) here all my iteUsed to > We we wsed toto dese actions tht we Inve got used to dai repeated past ction) inthe pastor sasha inuencad ‘he past but no longer have any nance ‘used to play tennis when Twas at schoo! Inepeated ps acon) ‘We weed fo vein London when 1 was ‘young (sat) > Uns, we can repige used to with the ast simple without changing the meaning ofthe sentence {played tennis when 1 was a school. We ted in London when Iwas young. > But when vo desabe a pea acton tat happened at a pece pont inthe pas, we ‘niyumthe past spl not used x Tact up late yesterday. 8 Complore with used to or the past simple. Use used to whenever possible. 1 1 weed t00. go) so work by bus but | bought a car ast month at {0 50) 0 work on Friday boca | wae ai {ou / study) hard when you ‘were 3 Sede? 4 Wat time ofc yesterdy? st (Gy) the plano when | was your age — you eave the We (rt enjoy the pare lst sweurday m1 (9e ie spinach but now love i 8 He (be) very tre s0 he want oted aay, 9. When you were chi... ou 0) to parties very often? 10 Hannah (eo) to four partes tat nok 1 Marvin (cole toy soldiers but when he grow up.be lost incarest in eh, 12 The sedans (noe ery) the ‘excursion so the seaalde Bacau ofthe bad ‘weather 1 Why (ee be) angry wi sham yercerdayh 14 There (be) 2 mall eotage ere ‘ba they pled i down 3 Few years ao. Complete with would andthe verb given ‘When I was acl we (I) soul iit | (8) andres on Sundays They tna a comage by the se. Every morming (2) (bays ugh one. she (6) ke) Cott | thehook and drow it back nc the water! 10) ge) realy ery | whenever she di hax but Grancad 1@ (ough) about He dnt realy mind He though it was sweet10 Wt R for repeated past action or § for staf. Tren completo with would for repeated past actions and used fo for states. ‘When we tft sates, not oven actions, we onl se sed 0, not would 1 When | was i, my mother read tome every nigh =e Past perfect simple and past perfect cot 2 Thar building 82d #2. be a chook. 3 On my birthday. looney, and ite al my fends. 4 When | was younger | go fishing very Ssurdy Be Years ago sho hve long hat. 6 We haves house in Manchester yess age 7 Ganda getup early and watch the sun ris every morning = er ie rock muse but naw | dont Dad on 10. When we were ile, Dad ‘ake ust the park on Sundays. 1 They ave s house inthe country but tay sold ic years ago 12. When wa 2 teenager | pout on Saturdays Ive in chat howe, always always 12 He... be an excllene swimmer ‘when he was younger 14 My sure vise us every Sundey ‘when she wat lin London Past peer ample Past perc Contos We us the past perfect simple to desc an acon that happen in the pst por another action, We use the past simple or the ene th happened second. By the time I arrived, Jack had already gone to bed. We use the past perfect continuous to ge empire t the curation ofan eon tht happened pice nother ‘tion inthe pat ound my keys yesterday had been looking for them for days to describe an action tat happened ror to. speelcpoint nme he pas, Tatas one o dock in the morning. ‘The guest had gone home. 'o deere an acon that happened in the pac that as of long ration ed when the result of wes ule in the pas Her eves were red. She had been eying. : Time markers Somme tine makers thal we fen use ‘wh the past perfect simple are ‘then, afer, before, as soon a, unt : inst tend, by, by the time, ec Time markers ‘Some tie mates that we fen we ‘wi the past perfect ominous ae Since, for Before ntl‘We use te past perfect stnpl for an action ‘hat has alco boon eampleed porto ‘another acon that happened inthe past We ‘se the past simple or the sacond ation, ‘But when we refer to ro sucesve acs, luhen the sccn peon took lace imme ‘fr theta then we can use the pas simple far both of them ‘The meaning sll he sae. {had locked the door before I eft the hows Locked the door before Ile the hoe, M1 Complete with the pas simple or past perfct simple 1 By the time we StH arr) tthe enema, the fi i ally Pega {Gesdy bop 2 They (areny sl) hat a (88) 3 —— ust fish) (wake) up 4 As soon as the play. (sh), ‘“ (ise) the thea, sa (sare) ping those lecers before the bose (coms). ot (ot fel 0 hungry ser eae ha sai 7 ony relied hae 1 (est) hor afew years ago When Ta (Gee) her. 8 The bank (already cose) hen (ae) he of, 9 The mening {ocr byte, 10 He (ne fn) my tory Interesting Because he (hear before. 12 Rewrite the sentences. She had never flown in plane before, fea the fra ime She Had eer fon in be 2 1had never eaten Mexican food before reas te frst me was the first te Ned had ever deven a Net Mary had never made 2 chocolate cake before, Tear the fest ime ewas theft time I had ever played gol eee 2 “Thay had never used a monolingual dleconary before, ica the frst sme leas the fst time we id ever sen an cage. we 1B Remtene sentences ustgtte oy} ‘word given. the let ‘was the fret ime I has ever seen sucha boring fim. never boring fim before. ‘She ate too much, v0 she Hada stomach an sno OU Me ‘elf the restaurant I hod nee ridden a horse before ever few the fre te = we hore. Fst he gradunted fom university and hen he go 08. after He got afb from univers.14 Read and complete. Use the past simple or past perfect simple. = The ww ntruder ---- {climbed trough the window and then sow that the Kitchen was 2. mess. Someone (8) to make a prediction, to ny what we betewe ul happen inthe hte, We {Sua use Ith exprenons sh os Tahink Tbelleve, 1 bet, expect am suelafai, {suppose hope, ‘radvets such o probably, perhaps, poss, certainly ee Tm sure shel pass the exam, [il prabably be at School early tomorrow morning for decors tht we make spontaneously tthe te when we se pesking ‘he phone's vogng. 1 anewer > toler our ap to somebody. help you wth your homework Going 10 We use going to: Den fro fate plans, to “meting hat we inten odo the fee. We're going to buy new ear next month Present continuous > to make a promise {promise [won't be ate. > toad tomebody odo something for Wil you open the door for me? >> to war sombody abou someting Be carefull You'll hr yoursel with that hae, to tk about something thot wil defintely happen in the ftire because ts tevinbe, we cnnot change or cone # wing external fscor: ‘The sun wil ise af 6.35 tomorrow, ‘The temperatue ull op dering the weekend D when we now that something i ‘going to happen nthe future because there something in he preset tht Shows us this an ication, Uo at thove onda i's going to We ase the present continous to refer o something that we have akendy planned to doin the immediate ite, Weare sur tha the ato that wea faking sot va Rapper ‘We're yng to London tomorrow. Prosentsieple ‘We can use the eset simple for he future, wien we refer ko programmes [ene heave er timetables (fr ship, Wass, ee) ‘Our bus leaves at 6.0. ‘The ply fishes at eleven o'clock3 1 Gomplete with will or going to. 1 Done wort thom. show) you how ‘be tamert wore 2. Doe wi up for me. (erobaby Be) hore ne tonight 3. Jordan has Sd is car because he (bey) a raw one next mone 4 According to the wenther forecast there (bey hea ain in ee south on Wednesda 5 ve bought new dees nd (weir ft the party ronghe 6 Whae (you / 0) his weekend? Have you decided? 7 promise shove thi 1B Auturn is almost over ‘older 000, 1 Ive been thinking about thi for weak. (oc ace hae new fob 1 le rely hot in ere eur per) the window pease! (60 cu sryone we) Circle the correct ansives | A: Did you remember to Book 3 eb 1 Onno Forgot la! am gon eal the 2A: Why do you need Craigs phone number? B17 ging to inv fim tomy Bary 3 fm going out withace eonghe 1: Oh, real? Than V1 m gong come with you 4 A: Me cae he mening B: Yes, Mum told met wil ay gig to al hi er 5. A: So. wnat are your plans for the sumer! Bm /om gong to vise my cousin Scotland 6 Ajith passed her exam 1: Rely hare great {iJon git all ona congratulate hee. 7A: Wud you tine something Yo ex? Yer hank ou! wl am fog ta have a sander 8 A: Do you rely need all those ops? B Yen dosti a pong ta make an mle, 4 Complete with will or goiag 0 Tip Wats for makina general editions, os lahat we below wil happen nthe fire. Going to efor makina reicions when we aye sue tht somthing wl happen inthe fore because hee ean ation of in Sh een 1 tev sure you EAA. (av) a grea me atthe party 2 Look a thoes ears. They (ea! 5 Cexpect they (ee) on me 4 We no fe) att The fn stare a ten minutes and Ben sil nthe shower! 5 foe dnp. (i. You should ek 0 Jae. tm sure she (understand, 7 Look ow! That branch is broken! le tal 8 Do you think the team the math on Secu? 9 The otenie too ot. The eke (gee) bune “The boat leaking badly. (ens. (win Complete with will or she present continous. 1 -Would you he something codeine Yes please | RSW. (ave) an orange 2 cane come with you on Sunda ave) inner with Tira 3 You look ured (re) yous ep often, 4 Bob (ome) 1 ee us tonight (yee post this eter for me? 6 nn (you! Ho) anything tomorrow morning! 7 Qh aot fogoe ea cal Vile) (ca) her nome 8 We (fy) x0 Madrid on Friday Here are our eehore 9 Vc eat James for uneh3¢ 1230 10m eealy eed. eink wei straint bed‘5. Read and complete Use the present continuous or present simple, iP Remember The present conto fe ‘eletg fo something that we hove ated panned to dn the ‘Tha present simple = forreering programmes theate, ‘Shera or fields orto serolanes, ee) Ea From, Anode Coa Ta.__Cordne Bock ‘Sibiect Curnseire Dear Cookin, Im ofoid we con mee! you tamarow The weeby mooring (1 fates (nish a 17.00 and I have 0 be a he] itpot ot 17:30 You see, my mother (2). come! vit Her plane (3) —— (orien London ct 17 30 and (4). pc herp fom he sitpor. Then the evening | (5) = ie) her othe thecte The ploy (6) begin ot 2080 ond (7). —- not fash ur 223. But 8) —__ (ot woth his Monday, so we cam meet then if you not busy What do you say® love, ‘Amanda PS The a exhibition (9) —____ open} next weok De you wan! 0 90? 6 Complete with the future continuous Future continuous | Pilbe at home a 820 tonight | cannes ES EI vee eee ie eee wav a 5 Tamra he een sc Se cdstewm me | ftp oreo tee ha a ee \aceaiceere >on 6 Sue thave) lunch with Akan plein th utr, either because forms Se Spinco Dart of a plan or because tsa route Seton. 7 (900 pas) che chemists Ti be acing hi omorro. We aay ‘on your way home? I need sme Spin meet on Mondays, 8 They (ot tay) with vs. ‘They've booed 3 room sree Fuace Hote 9 This ee newt week we (le) onthe bench ot (seo) Tom atte offlce tomorrow I can ge him your message3 7 Complete with will the fare 8 Road and compote, Use tho fumure perfect continuous. simple. | Were ping to the pare We mont be ‘Sn i ewe0ny He (not be} long swam 9 bean actor He Uh eilhawe Basted 2 Arone o'ock tomorrow she (0 ee (have) lunch wits her new is fetal paride 2 (yo 60) jis tomorrow? s ihave message for hor {becca wal row by 4 That utc looks eae the ome heb wen (amy for oo fs | We) 21 theo) by these es 5. Dont worn sir ou geese (oa) the nam 6 ™ (eve a 8 the tie fm hry Torrone oy ah oor) tothe USA, {oe red when they ar 51 thou 7 Come on (hom) you my eet ew computer By he tine fm ire et (re pt he ber on or (eer a mary ns thy way bans yo wane sone ee nH {Pe sor of ony 9 She (Gracie) te pine varied; tomerroaat she ape does. tee yu ag 10 Ths (08 happen agin. far) my arbor promise. « Pe ane ' ——— (direct) my frst film. Future perfect simple We se the tre pret simple to reer 1 Tom [atch TV fos hos by 730 tsacon fat il ave ead ben ‘Bin ia en ecg WE 2 ‘mpi belo sped onthe ure. nouhy 180 Te ave fished thi book by net week, 2 by December /he/ work J here fora year Often the ature perfect simple is used wih tn ars ch a by byte tne, etre 3-1 earn English for Fve months in arch 4 how long / you! dy! mice /by the ene otis year? the boys / pay fooball/ for thre hours by fhe oeck (6 Sue! drive her new cr / for three weeks on Fridny 7 we ive 1m Landon! for fieen yet in May 1 by the time he arrives he rave for ver ‘went four hoursFuture time clauses touss that are intuce by te inks ae called tne clases, Sometime links that may te refed ton theatre ae: when, belore, aftr, as 00m as, nfl by, by the tie ‘Even they veer to the fate, hee inks ae followed by the presen simple TI give him your message when see him x Lets sce another example ‘By the time I get home, they wil ave gone to bed. Inthe above dau, the time ae ffl bythe present simple, andthe sain cae inte ate perc 10 Match the neo parts ofeach sentence 1 You fe uch bt 2 therm wl av 2 When Mu geet she supermarket, © unt find hat photo 3) Hetlet a al above spo London Sees srne more popcorn 4+ il ive sed my room 4 Thave te money 5 Bydhe vine we gto the ston, by the tne Pum ps back, © Mlpayyou back when {ashe aves 7 wont wep ooking wen he comes bck. 8 shew phone a s00n yu ie rome ree Het the correct answer. 12 complete with wi the presen simple, fume contour fire perfect simple. 1 We cot (GED you when we Gy wl st ee cs nn et home A. (al) you soon art ge home 2 Dont worry. We dean J con up hat 2 ne. rit her homework belore restore Mum sets se oe ——— tah er 2. rt / wi start working on atari at 3 We bonne son si soon get pt oe. app enone 4 Lunch wb ready when you cme wi 4 Von for you when your bus conetone ‘go bere 5 As soon a we fw fied a ager howe, By he tne we (rive) ache ‘tear oe Choma the nso ar 6 pe wt ype thee leer before the bose 6 ccs ou know a 000 a comes mieone ‘Gey tomer 7 Done worn prom Ve () 7 Wen everyone i wl be ere, we rg ve i ‘ei bog out te ak. the bak lr = ( 8 When (8) {She phones / wil phone as soon as she sees toro tin jour meee wine oo messge 9 As soon a5 we ve) 9 Her ded doesn et! wrt her love the fone aa apaeeeet house nl he opt wi page. Oe eta dees Res 10 Vo tbe here when the gvss start! ‘ce bac ve tar arivingte Example > predicton Frm sure youl enjoy the insontaneous oF spaianeous decison, promise, equet wera “Thay here: FT open he door Ft elp you with yourhomework. certain newb) acon inthe “Thre wil be wala eclipse at 420 tomorow, “These gong to get maried nmedial are progammestbeate, cows ‘e), metab or bass, trains, ee) ‘econ developing ata pectic ota the ane {pat ofa plan or routine ‘certain acion in the Rue =| 730 enaht Tbe working all day on Many to ask about somebodhs Awe pans ‘Wil you be ona Your comput ths eng? ‘aon tha wil be completed ‘by some point inthe fare ‘We will have arved by tee dock, ‘son ha wl contre wil ‘Eane point th ture ‘Wie wll hace bees ving hee for tie years in Ma. 13 Compete withthe correct fom ofthe verb AW haven got any mi Bs OK | Fg” (Go) and get some 2 A-Se youre lening tomorrow Yes an! Ths ue nexe week, (Gwin) in Hawa 3. Ace 630 eight B: Noor. At 630 tomorrow evening | (ey for an Engi er 4. AcHow ong have you been working hers? By heen of tis mont (rk) inthis office for ton years S AcWhere re you going? B Ove! {pot be) long, promise 6 AcWhat me {your pane / leave) somorrow! 8: Aha pat gt. 17 AcWhy have you moved al the frizare ‘uot your room? a! (ean) i tomorrow 8A: Will you sl bear work a 5307 Yer (ne fnsh) my repore by then. 9 Plat tlm about the party next Saeed 8: Of courte. tel hin a soon 381 (se hi 10. A: Would you ike to come with us 8: fm sorry cant) (ee {Georgia tomorrow akernoon.14 Read and circle the comect answer, Téeemink Robo News ne per an ot ee pectic we” cones Soon (hy thre alo bl L oa ioe SS SS ‘you @) wil eee Sd el be fag veynoweeng fetes oy robots re ved homie oo hp ders ors ay tel alc Sone topes pede hary he ond othe 2? -contury, robots (3) will have been replacing / will ‘ore pled doer They () a perro SS peter ore mest ct prin Tatu te hoof ama Aan Sri ant abo to Mars Soon hy) we dg wit hae bon Ting ht ter panes wo The oboe whch ae ued 0 expr speedy re TheFunte by ay Makan controlled by astronauts Inthe next few years, Selendis (6) wil hove deed wil have been Aesprng robots hat ean wavel int space alone Fobobries: Robots have been working in ar factories for many years. in the fcure, they (7) be ving! wit have Bean ding cars too! Sellar already working onthe fst robot consoled tai, s0 some robots (8) wl hve worked wil Be working a5 tx divers! Experts predice that the number of robot smanutacuress (0) wil hove doubled! dole by the end of he centry Robots (10) wil be becoming I wil Become pare of everyday He and they (11) deity make wil fence ‘making yous hse Technology? ETP SETSECI ow you can doe onal activity for Unit 2 (Teacher's Resource FileQuestion tags, } short agreements ‘Question tags Form > Question tags are forme by an ‘allay veto and the personal pronoun that conespane othe subject of he tlm, Thay aks go athe ed af the tla and are sepraid om ths by 3 feenma. The alin verb at we Us forthe question tag depends onthe tense that the cause He lives in that hows, doesn't he? You rent talking tome, are you? > When the clauses postive, we se a negate question ag ‘When the dause negative, we ws a patie question tag e's coming with us, nthe? ‘You didn't forget to call Mark, id you? Though he meat red stan > When thee» modal verb in the ‘dae, the question tags formed by sing thi, He can't ear very wel, can he? > The question tag for Lam is aren't im wrong arent x > The question tag foc ets shall we? Letetge home shall we? When he douse inthe pea, the {ueton tag both inthe poste ade negate i you? Be ql, wl your Don't shout wil you?> The question tag forhave at is formed sre have or has. Baten hve i the ma verb, the question tag formed using the uni vero docs! ‘She's gota brother, hasn't she? You always have cereal and cotee for breaks, don't you? Wen we hae there isle, there swacteere, there wil bee. the ‘question ag inte aus, te festion tag Is formed using thee ott oc they. ‘Theres cinema near your house, > When the abject of te ous are the ‘wor thiatha a thesethos, we use {rtp the question tg ‘Tha’ Marys ar nt ‘These are your mingles, aren't they? Complete with a question tag. (Our train ees sb does Sue was atthe pars hs ight He tod you Sour the moog “Theyre coming back tomorow, ‘You havens been wang long. “You done te him very much Theyre ging to move to Brito Ica epped ring when you ment ou He did cal : ‘You were talking xo me, 11 Sent your fend 2 “You won’ tll anyone you se B “ “The cat doesn sleep on your be, They be arriving tomer Questen as, shat areas 1 When the abject ofthe douse 8 ‘ord suchas somebody, everyone, tone, we use they anda plural Inthe question tg. Everyone was at the party, weren't they? 1 When te eubject of the clause i negative word such a nothing, no ‘one, nobody, the question tag pastve No one saw us, did they? Use We se question tage uthen we are ot obsltly ste about something Sad we want to confi oid ou Uthether or not apps You lve London, don't ou? > Ofan we wie them when we ae sure about something and ae sine Uiing for our flow speaker 0 agree Teva ov day, st? 2 Complete with a question too | should apologise, shoulda 2 You've got hour in the owner, 3 Lets ve something to ex, 4 There too much noize her, 5 You alas have lunch at one, 6 He ene deve, , 17 Youve never lied to me 8 Someone told you about it, Done pay with that machine, No ane helped you. Tin to0 le, ° 10 " 2 B “ s Stop looking at me “Thats Jin wife over there Ms Clark used co be a teacher, Everybody enjoyed te hoi.4 3 Complete witha question tag ‘Short agreements 1 Hook awl, A201 We use so and nether of nor o age with 2. There ae tough sandwiches for everyone, Srmathing that somevedy saying 0 Us, : tithout repeating whet he said 0. To ages wih a postive sentence, we we 3 You won al anyones nt 0 uly’ modal ver + sublet 4. Lets £0 out tonight oo? 5. Bl as wo make a speech : {6 The las excellent? FF Bont You were sleping when ced? 9) Dente ask 0 many questions, i 10 Youwit have fished by tres,...---?_ Complete with the correct auxiliary verb or modal ver. 4) what would you say inthe folowing Tip ‘pertontag snes sige iene vatin te anes wih oh we ‘gre has 2 modal ve, we Use the modal 1 You have arranged to meee your fend ‘eb and in short agreement 0 tonight youre afraid hel be ate What SBIR ne wil out 1 1 Hove pop mise Bowe 2 You shkeyour rend. Ma hg eee tm Dru prey on Saray bt youre no 2 heen ture. ak anor en ~ 23: Sarah sed oe fg ha 2 You chink your Hand sneer eto Ta B Soin Many tester 4s ve ter buen 0 a ~ e No 4 Yeu wane co make sre ta our Hen va 5A Cis bat cog wh Why dont you go to your room and let me fish my cpr Diane: What the rsh? There’ pleny of me ater ner (6) 2 Now {ele about yur buses to Bron nxt weak, 7) eal ‘uve rer brent Span blr, (@ you ack Not her Now, sweetheart. busy Lt meget on wih my work Opa yout Diane: Bi Dac What are you dg Behindyour buck Youve done somthing omy computer (10) nt you? Whats tapped omy computer! Diane: Er Lette explain Dass Dan SEND) ow vou can do the oral activity or Unit 4 (Teacher's Resource Fils)Revision 1-4 Dear Marae, “anh fr ya Ket, 2 we gent bar om 50 yi 0) 6 coe te oF wat ats gent ~ ye Yu) to a sey. Tom ant 3 (3) fo Fare at a we of wong 48a baa st Se (6) ts oe sy rch od et 6) be (7). Far hase Far weds bt we tll (8) anytnng. So you sey X )- ute busy ately tot Pryuayy 21 se yas ahen yoke back Fram Span. Have & sande tie an sont ine a yosteard fram Maar (40). you? Lows ia3. Rourte the sentences using the words given, (© wane ro bed and tren my parenss cme home. already wd aoa gone to Ye wen my pares came home. He fnhed his homewark and thon be watched TY, ater He watched FY his homework 2 le was the face I had ever eaten Mexican food. never | ee Mexican food bore 3 Sele ofc ad ohare area sia eee ze ‘wen Join tev. 4 had never heard such funny story before. ever lewas the rst ome ch 2 an ory 5 sed my beast sd ten sane deaning she st, Soon a iy basen {seared cleaning ce house, Gi Crab the coment answer, We were having hinch when we( i602 wer hecving a ere note “The bus hod ft ag boon sane bythe me we got to che sation. inl fied that report Uhre been working ed been waking en for week. The pay frsed hod fed by 1030. {ron wor mange Darel I was walking to Schoo, ‘Thay hed have ied tha hour since 1982. ‘Tat bul wed 2 Ge wold be a tel ‘Nolan se at home He eon! ge tothe market, ‘We were singin he garden while Mum as rc mo nae eas a 2 cal fi ton mints ago. ‘We deady hod ve aety fo anh, hank you. Ci Koad and compote, Usa only one word in each space, (A. New World Record? - ln. 1996 Kenic Hor made de sas ver cessing ‘ofthe Pate Ocean took him 148 day o rose David (5) leaving Bristol on Friday. He wal (6) wvaling in slar-pomeed ‘Rina satrpowered Boat ‘Bue Dav Powel cwenty.xghtyesrcli man rom | Sesto dunks he can bred ecord He's gg | (32 "cons he Pace Ocean ina sail | Boal and he hopes that he (IJ sat new world record "| expert 1 (2) Complece my Journey in 145. day. When 1 come back Farm 3) rns t9 ero the DERE parcy ever! Afr aly dream i (4) ame tue! Dad told me boat, it ike Kenichi Hort. He. hopes he sil (yo raced by the end of October 3 capeeieerec a fave (5) rang for more can ve ? ng | ‘Wal, what can we 597? Wo ll hope shat Daves rm 10) come tue ‘e < Goodluck DatModals (1) ability, permission, requests, offers, suggestions American iterating Toy Fair. [New Yar Ciey These toys were amazing te me, you ae dying t 280 oF buy {A few months ag toy shop owners them, don't worry! You will soon be were able co see thousands of new toys able to see ther youself at your local tthe Ameriean Intarnational Toy Fale toy hope, fecha Ct‘Be able wo Cas has oly to forms: cam (present simple and coud (past simple. We use ‘be abe on the oa es ‘sed more olen hough ‘She can speak four lngvages. ‘She i able to speak fou languages, ‘We can't come to your party next Weck (We won be able fo come t your party next wee, Could and wassere ble to >To dese 9 general ably in the past, we can ther use could or wacwere aie to Ketth could play the piano when he was sh Keith wa ae to ply the plano when he ta sb > But desrbe somebody ality a parce stuston i the pot ie. hat semahody managed to do, we only use wastere ale fo, But not could reighters were able to get everybody out of the burning bldg last wiht a righere-nold-get everybody out-of she bern bine lat night > Innegntve srtenoae, couldnt and wnanisenet able my lo be od for @ generat eb and oc an abit a parc sation he pas. ‘The man was very ol, s0 be couldnt walk fast. general by) ‘The man was very old So he wast able to wal ast (general abit) ‘We queued for hours but we could’ gt tikes forthe concert (partiar ston) ‘We queued for hours but we weren't able to get chats for the concert (paral stuon) Complete withthe correct form of be able $_ Nobody cle dhe police 20 the thieves = ‘escape 6 Our car beoke down but we 1 Syrah 4a abe write when she wa ve repair oureeher 2 We ad our camera wih vs. 40 we 7 We come to your party next ‘ake some photog week Were too busy 3 you heme clean 8 yo visi your ‘he garage tomorrow? andparene every weskend? 4 slog since | was ei 9 She un faster 2 few years ag. 10 Ye Boo busy hc sie them for weet5 2 Complete with could, couldn’, was were {blo fo oF wasn fworen' able on some Sentences, more than one answer i possi, 1 could dma abe £0, read whan Iw ve, 2 He yr he match ‘becaize he had broom hl. Permission an, could, may > To ak or sored s pension to do emabing, we ean use can, could & may Could is mre poli than an, whe may > To give somebody pemision to do someng, We ae ea oF ay (bt not air ay sare formal ‘You can borow my camera, ‘You may borrow my camera > Torefuse somebody permision for something, we us eat ad may no ‘You can't park here You may not pak here. > Couldn't not sed to oie permision 3. We did have our keys but we geting the icon window 4 She spoke wo fas | Understand what she wae ying 5 fshed my homework early las ihe and i 9 to bed ware 6 He ance realy wall hen he wis younger 7 ead seen him before bat | Temember bi name, 1 Sho die speak French well bt she understand wise peopl id 9. The detective found Some new cies and the end he ‘ove the ratory 10. The chil ried and tied but she ae Be allowed 10 > To refer to rls and more generally, to what and ist allowed, we use can, ‘ould and be slowed to, To tak about the resent or he future, we sc can o be allowed (0 ‘Students can use the Hbrery on Mondays ‘Wil we be allowed to leave school earl tomorrow? >To tk about samathig dt wns generally lle in the pat, we use cauld or couldn't stay up late wen Twas > Bo f we want otk about something that ‘we were le odo m9 pater Satlon inthe pas we on use washere lowed to, but pt could Twas allowed o tay up late ast night. eon rts aeMedle 3 Compote withthe correct form of be allowed to, 1 Pur the cgarette ou! You arent allomed smoke in here! 2 We wise the mueum but we sake any photos x 2 we tomorrow! 4 We sly say pte on Satdays 7 5 When war a sudent we voor jeans a school 00th plane 6 Remember you se your Have to may be used inal the have to getup at sx olock on weak. proven Thad 0 get up a sx o'ock. esterday pat Trthave to getup at sx o'dock temorrow. (ture) Have you ever had tg wp a se ‘lack on @ Sunday? present erect) > Have got to sua in the sme way ‘have to, We sualy ae iin orl speech We've got wo do our homework We have te do our homework. Have we got todo our homework? Do we have todo our homework? Absence of obligation Toreler to something that not neces, something that Jos no ‘eed to happen, we can use T"don't have to + tnfintve ‘You don't have to get up early + dont need to + infinitive You don't need t ae up early + need + ifnive vthost Yo" ‘You needa’ getup early > Tot about something hat did not ned te happen nthe pas, we can did't have to + itive He didn't have to goto work esterday, Prohibition Restiction > Inthe negative, must and have to re ued egress obligation. They have aather meaning. (Soe tables B [Absence of obligation) and C (Prohibition exten). D> Must sued to express an obigton ‘hat he speaker hans feels he has, ie that hes imposing upon his Hive foisted to exe en gation tha impose by sme ‘ter factor, eg by a penon, a Staton by rls. must goto bed. el rally tired. have tobe at work early tomorrow berate my boss wants We ae need oto express neces, ‘We need to clean the garage + didat need 0 + infinkive He didn't need to go to work yesterday, + feeds have + past partie He needn't have gone © wor, syesterda. > We use didn't have te dnt need to to refer to sn aston which we ‘lrendy ner fom the pat we ot ecesry We usally mean that is Seton aly dno ake place. Taa't hae tod’ need to get ‘up early, 0 stayed in bed. > ith needa’t have + past particle we rel to an action that une not, ecrssary but ook pace. ‘Yes needn't have hued. We had ene of ine ‘We can ue mustn', can't or nat alloed to to express prohibition or vesicton ‘You msi’ touch the alain. Woreant park here. ‘You aren't allowed to tlk durtg tl6 Ma 1 Complete with th correct form of have 1 as ae or won 501 MAB. kes 2 Sheba nurse.so she swear a tinorm 2 work 2 We 9 t0 the supermarket tomorrow: Theres na tne tod. 4 He dice foe wel s0 we calla socor 5 she wear ghsss since she wat four yeas od 6 He’ a poeeoffcar He oan wore ae ighe 7 Ws getting ace, We leave soon B shes ik she 37m bed since as woot 2 For questions using have to, He had ip po somewhere ens Rabe ne sas have to meat someone atone o'clock, whe Wel have to getup cary wae tine She ha to lene Whe ne to oe doctor Wy ‘They had to be somewhere a seven Where We il have to hurry! Why She hae had so cance her applnemene Why " Pe BP PR BY Or BP RP Or 3 Circle the correct answer. ~~ Must exreses an obgation ht the speakers Imposing upon hive leh have to, we fer oan obligation tat sora Si 1 rust (Gare be atthe ofice at eee (lok every 3 2 | muse have 10 puc a New fl in my camera [ant co take some trae 3) ln Bian you mt! hove to drive on the ek “4 mur pave to sare working harder 1 ho {improve my mars Schoo. 5. You must! have to ge ne passport if ou wane so wavel tothe USA (6 We must hve to wear a uniform at work 7 rst / have to hur. | don wan 2 be ate. | must hav Fish this repore today The boss wil be very angry I don 9 You must! hove ren thie book ee excell £0 eealy must hve t phone ina! havent Spoken to her forage! Road the sentences below. Some are corect and some have a Word which should not be there. Ifa sentence is corect, pata tick next tit a sentence has @ word which should not be there, write the werd at the end ofthe ine 4 1 have to work te on Mondays. 2. You musere te rouch the red button 3 Wee got zo do something about hs 4. You mus to come and ve us when you vie London 5 We need 0 start ching for 3 new fs 6 You doit have gor to rng the bel ave hey 17 You dont nesent hurry. 8 ane to hear you. 9 Are we allowed 80 take photos in here! 10. You dont need to getup ey 1 He dre nee to asus, 12 They needa’ to have spent zo much money 13 She must ae he exibii, 4 You need’ worry Everything willbe aveaneMos @) 5. Complete with must or dont have 0. 6 Complete wit dc’ need 10 needn't dave andthe comect form of the verb, Tip amber ‘Tip Mas exces roion We use dds need 0 + Ifnive fr an Don't have to fo someting tat snot con hat eno neces) on ht dt te ace. ‘We we need’ hve + pas pantie for an action tht ook pace despite the fc tl 1 You don't have t0, wait or me. ean mast you liter. 2 We sake any nose when we go 1 | dln ned 2 make. (ake) hee She was inside, reryone lees already inthe shower Hurry up We beta! 2 Se (ay) ate efi, s0 se 4 You deave yee. You can say a bit cue home early longs. 31 Thank you forthe Nowers bu OU ely se forge to cal Tin. very (ou) 0 ma, Inport 4 Wy sar you take he bus? You 6 She £010 school tomorrow. ks (wal) home. the wesand 5 Pamela gave the chien aif 50 they 7 We do this now. can wait (walk) co school cody . 6 Y0 (borrow) Dave bike. You 8 we cel anyone aout ices 2 uae sn ouch thts dangerous! 7 He dan go to the supermarket baause he ne nes (buy anrthing No me mh ca Ue 8 We ~ (prepare) 50 much ood desterdy Now seve wo throw tome fay Wey You walk on he gras. 9) The students (be) wonied Look that sen bout the tes was csr than ey had 12 You cat inthe Ibeang Ie ‘expected slowed 10. Nora give me sree ket 50 1 (queue) eo buy ene ‘Aimatve [Quin | Nests The Sd ei Sho eta | Tao ior na (sani i. Tray shale] Sholay He | They sold noe ‘hm feign | (ide hove | fon “Thy ogi all —|-OageyTo | Thay ong nokia be tain (coin ai Thay ough have | Ooh aT uh Dat (old owe ot in| (ou) have tld tim al ‘You had batter o'er} | You had beter Vou a beer) tal motte en i7 Complete with should shouldn't, ought or oughta x *Btoblem Page gece Fst of ah you (3). ay to relax bfore be Listen t0 music or read 2 bear Annes book for ten mince. aan + You (2) tog to bed ate, even | Le ac waetandtYou @) ————- 1 fog ‘a to slap and getup atthe same times Piet) |. See ramen ats fer a kedue.! Cocos of ce. Tay he soto (ought. Ip get ore Sip but | cont Wal a sal tafene-and this ean keep you sake You 7) tobe eaell what you ‘attefore bed You (@) go bed hungry But dont ea oo much Hie ther Wehese dont help you realy (3) f= to talk to your parents about secing om sontonces using had beter. 5 Look at tote cud! (ou ake fan BF ve in haat ‘umbrella / with you) 1 sold you put ona com) YouSind Deter put on a come {6 Theres someone inthe howe (we cll / he 2 You dont look very well. (jou / nt go /*0 poles) 000! tod) 7 That dog is dangrous (ou / not go / nse) 3. 1510301 we! hurry) 3 Whac2 mes! (you / iy your room) 4 ie wil be waking For us she bus sop. (ore! not beat)Mote 9 Rowse the sentences wing the words 10 Compete with might or might have and the given correct frm ofthe ver Wy ede you cll me as igh? (shouts) 1s Lean fd ny purse "esos hove eed ade ig Bc nane be tein he cr 2 wy were you 50 rude to her (shouldn) 2 As Nea find my pose oun ‘ 8 You ewe) cine a 3 Why didn he tl me abou hs? (ugh 3A Where are the cilren? nee coun) ost iow They ror 4 Wyatt you leave era note (chould) ‘he garden woes rere 4. Inonder why Franks al Whe toyey 5) Why did se nie Mike to the party? B wel (ore. (ehouan) 5A: Why di he come wo the pary? She B: | dat krow She ‘eo bay & Wy do we bring the ap? (out) vagy fants bene nee oo) 6A: Hive you del abot he pic 7 Wy werent you more careful wih eat 1 Nos not sre yet. | sar (on {roc come) wi You ou 7A: Kevin wasn't at school yesterd 8 Why did you read my dary? (ould) ef ‘con we BA | wonder where Tom Is. eK eb) shoring 9A Law Helen bu she did’ 3 hla. Fouting. &: Well, she (not see) you. > We cn se could may omit eres 10: Do you know where Alex i? ‘posi ne preset or tre. 8 ase San she fro ‘Tim is not at the office. He couid be at Ase (oom, ome > oregtbesnanes we an bs nay not ‘i % or might not, but not couldn't u eee me ‘Tmayimight not come with you tomorrow. word given, otk ome ath jou-tomomomy 1 Partai rc oul To eferto the pa, we we o Seem eS N oom ‘ouldmeyimigit hove past pari Sim eno hae Heny Have gone Home. 2 a 2 Fos ne moat oo = as oe ak al 4 Perhaps she has already heard die news. > Wee shnidlought oo reer igh a sect at pry pre Ben the nen ee eee en 5 han cme wth ey Jone should be here ay minute now i papi meey ad te re ctee 7 Pets seca wm ny het og e fat ea by al could 00 by 26 12. Complete with should ot ought 1 2 a “The report should. be ready by en The plone have arrived by now They to win the game easy. es not have any problems with He te be athome by now. daek «fish work ear today. Ste have got your message by Deduction > We we must and can to exes legal ‘ondison (deduction) Most expresses 9 postive conchston. Can expresses eave conchsion He's been working al day. He must be tied She cant be at home. I sau her here few seconds ago. We use mustn't + have + past ‘article to ele tothe past. dn’ hear the phone T most have been asleep. “You can't have seen a ghost! 13 Complete with must must have, can', cant ‘have and the correct frm ofthe verb, 2 You can‘: Be... (be) hungry You jst ad three sandwiches! He (be) red. He gor ou of bed ewenty minutes go. They (be) athe theatre se svght They moved to Australia 3 year go! Davidse. He (iss) he bos They (Gere) in Pai They Gripe Ldn hal am nour ag That (be) Linas brother He ook ai er. “That looks tke Kate butt (be) her Kare go ue eyes. He's got thousands of CDs He (love) muse she (be) tired She han had any sce tr ary tw 10 You {a £500 fortis Ping! godt 11 She did’ call me. Se en sleep 12 Their cri parked outside their house They “ee) st home, 14 Rewnite the sentences using the word given, 1 Prvalmot sure that wast ne: have That eaehave been ne, 2. You are not alowed ro enter this room. Ne ea his 3. lewaane necessary for you to buy all hese a 4 le waar ri that you talked to here tine should You ther Ie tha 5 You should look for a better job. ought You nas otters beter fb. {Perhaps she's a he offce, might She ne atthe of 7. tein necessary for her to wear uniform seichoal. have She Pea Uunonn at school 8 You don't have zo cook lunch cody. need Negosenes ine oy 9 ee possible tha they got lost might Thy achistaaia ror. 10 Tim sure they have gone out rust iMag ee ove. 11 there you: would vi japan inmendof China. should en aenapeeee - span instead of China. 12 rely thin you should wor harder. beeeer You harder15 Road the txt below, Some ofthe lines are correct and sone have a word which Should not be there. Ira ine is corect, puta uck next tot Ifa ine has a Word ‘which should not be there, write the word atthe end ofthe line, Téeemink Keeping Fit ‘You are definite have > exercise for lots of reasons We all should keep our bodes strong and heakby. But rome of us ray doesnot le organized spores. Others might be too busy. ‘Wall, you dot have got €o worry. There are lots of acces you cm do.You needet to bea sporty person to keap fi. The ey doing someching fu. You should be look for aces ‘hat inceate eh blood ceulaton and make you sweat 3 lle! You dont to need to join a fotbll team or go to the gym. Dancing or riding your bike, for example, are great forme of ‘exercise, Allyou have better todos find one that rg for you! Mose ESD Bor you can do tho oral activity for Unit 6 (Reacher Resource Fi)Conditionals zero conditional, first conditional, second conditional, third conditional, mixed conditional “hanks you haane warned me would have lon fect tte Oot) [2a condos! abeww aE] [iter eetaro-smesine | Eon, er cl 1 | Won theta arg sheer ist coon (set ote tie) 11+ precepts "Tyas make 20s, yu wake te nigh 1C4 pee peda itive I hon eter thi, he cn have a ICs prow spl pave | tyesTeave uth of he i. [Second condita present o Tans dine) 10 pes pl — would + fine Thad pe, | wold be 2 ep, 11 pastsmpl ml toe Ue ace ede, hy might ge ener aks [ie cow asf) 1+ pst fet ould + have + Te bed followed a we would Rave gots. | eto IF pt pet = meal + have + Hed hdst phoned us, ue might never have found ot | porate ‘Mae comiaonals pation rete | j 11 pote swcudinodl + es | HT hada¥ ben 0 cosy, [wouldnt be Foul |1» There are four basic yer of condifona sentences. Each contone senenc has to por. Theft port the aus, which starts with # andthe secon pat the main sentence, he mai dus. > The clause can go athe begining rath end of th sentence. When the tentence dats wh hel aus, th Wo pals ofthe sentence are sper by & comma. But wn the ma clauses Ueore the lui, do ote @| ‘6 olay, FM send you a postcard I Send you a postcard IF goto Hal. Zero conditional Form Iahen + present simple (ten, we we when tan af ‘When you eat lt, you get at np ~ present 11 present simple — imperative Inthe main clause we can Pal If save up enough money, Ll buy a ea car modal verb eg can, may, might, ‘must have to, shoud, ought to) We aren't oo bus, oe might come with you > lnperatine 1 gou se him, el him about the pany Use ‘Wie use he fit condiinal to eer to somehing tha tis pousble may happen inte present ori thet, Wahe invites me to her party, PH . Siistys nies, aN shopping Wand less We can we unless instead of nat 1 come and see you tomorrow i'm ot busy Tl come and see you tomorow sles Tm buy. ‘Mum wal be angry IT don't dy my ‘Mum wl be angry unless dy ny Provided (hat), provi long at 30 Tong a8 “The phrases provided (that, providing (that), as tong a5 and o ong as mean ‘vided, ‘slong as and can be sed Inthe fst conditional instead of (tht), as you promise to be careful, you can tse my computer Provided (that) you promise to be ‘arefl, you can use my comper Proving hat) you promise to be ‘arf, you can wae my computer ‘slong as you promise to be earful, you can use my computer. 5o long as you promise Yo be careful, you can use my computer7 1 Form zero conditional sentences. 1 Jack always bing Towers when Fhe ‘ome [10 ek us Sik alnays bras Mowers when he comes 2 you! mix red and blue / you get purple 3 lass! Break when / you {heat Je? 4H you noe ext you / got tin 5 when / he weather be nie 1 wa to work 6 your brother / help you wth your fomework when he! hve! de? 7 Usually ead / a g00d book when 1 not be busy 8 prs ot an enough water hy / 2. Complete the first conditional sentences. Fam wilbe anery sh ees this me, ‘ou... fe ee etter you kel) 90 spin 2 Whey {come with us we (ave) a grest cine 3 Wie trad (nigh 7s) at home 4 {9ou ! pot) hi eer for me ip (nt be) too busy? 5s You {shosid | apologs) ife (be) your ful 6 Waid (ove) fie ‘args co he par. 7 Wyo (not know) the answer ‘gsi Mr Waer 8 jock (ron) to Scauand Phe ‘Gi 3 good fob there 9 ete pan (not stop). (eee) a doctor 10 yeu (et ie) eae ress, in wea fe 1 wha {900 Ital) Andrew if he (aso your 12 Prosence (can borrow) her brother aie (ask him Rewrite the sentences using the word given 1 You wor inh on tine you dont sare ow. ules) Sede een on tine a so sa nom 2 Unless you rea the ineructons,you won row what to 40. 3 Wellgo to che onem tonight Tm noe too tired. ness) 4 Unies you scy Pardon youl fal Ue tas. @ 5. ene neighbours don stop making hae sf noses cal the poles. (unless) {6 Mum won’ let him go out he does fish hit homewerke fe. (unless) 7 The headache won’ go away unless you do She won't hear you f you don’ spel louder: (unless 9 se back a ic unless | hve to work ne 0 10. He wl ever find job unless he sre looking for ane now Cf).ender 4 Revit the sontences using the word given 1 Pee you ge te Phipps: house you dy your room (previdad) Pity on acto hepa’ house provided you Waysouereom 2 Provided fish work erty tmersow cme with you. 3) Wy fot me wear your sweater | wont ell Mum what you dd a long 25). 4 Aunt Josephine wil be here a ita long Ss her ean arrives 9 Se. (oroweng). Second conditional Form 1 past simple — would + Iaftive If past simple - modal + Infntive 5 You can borrow my cr provided you binge aca our (a long 3) 1 11g0 10 the pare at long. as you come with mes (60 long a) 7 Whey ofr tis enough money he wil accept (so long ) {8 Mel you all above along a you rome to keep ica secret (proving) Use Wie use he sevond condition > tal about retin hat does not ‘spp fo the pecant and hen te impossible tt ull happen nthe ‘re this rng was old, | would sl 1 to tk bout someting that doer nat > inecond conditional eefencs, we pra were fr al parsons ead twas inthe clare. Archie wastwere her, I tell him all about my problem Tl wasiwere eh, Fa buy & house In Holiwood. > fo themain clause, spa een ‘ould we cone a modal ver (5. oul might should, ought tl Ife were here, we could ply chess together. 5. Rewrite the sentances, Use the secand ‘conditional 1 haven gacany money so I wont buy that 7 co. FFthad some money. | would buy that CO. 2 Pps haven got wing. 80 they don’ 3. Hie mare arent good becaue he daca wor hard 4 Sm buys I wont come with you 5 Thay dant know her 80 they wont invite ter to eer par. ‘ppl to the prosnt at could happen} inte fre. I met someone famous, | would ‘ek them for an autograph. Il were you. T would bay anew wth that money. sere you, I wouldn't go near that doa. 1 wont ea him Because have gor hi phone number ‘She walks to schoo! because she hau gt bie {cold so we wont ot the beach, | wen’ jin you beaute Ihave wo tay at home, ile wont lend you his cers because he7 6 Road and complete, Téemink Trickye ees @ @ @ Silualions: what would you do? What would you do you found youre inthis rick situation? “You are looking trough your parent? wedding album a the chen table wien you accidently spilsomehot ovale owen Heres winsome of or renders woud do) a 7 a Olver, 16 7 Give advice using IT were you Choose 4 Your elder ter father wor 3¢ nine oe ns yer Seock everynight and shed says seed 5 Your frend has a headache, {6 Your frend has been having ngheares recently 7 Your brother rely kes new gin is 1 Your fend nan been fling wal ey, Tur rots reali hes 2m gi (Puan you, would ne 9 abet 2 Your sister wants to lose weight 8 Your lede sister is bored at the weekends becnure she has nothing co do. 41s. cold afternoon Your brother i leaving the house ina Tabi6 Hye (9 be) #9 rue, ‘Third conditional she (not get 50 ups. 7 Ramona (poe miss the bus he (eat be) late for 8 Wromeone (ch me tae ‘here was ng cin the house, ‘In the main clause, apart from would we (Go) to che supermarket, can usa a modal vr (og cou, gh, 9 She (98 refs) you Should, oust to). (arg er ely you had warned me, 1 would’t have o {jou I come) wih os sone we (cal) you about Wty had caught the bus, they might not Cncent (all yousboures ‘have missed the bashnning ofthe Bm a 9 Rewrite the sentences. Use the third Wease heir emaona ferto conditional ‘Sting at eculs he haere se ‘tbr ot appen Uy wth be 1 di sy hel because i se er [ir condone expe oF iho Sener al hen. out on een n he asa earaen 2 We dr outta diner becnse as cee eee : ‘nod wae Ifyou hadn't told Mum about this, she soul hve go 50 ue 2 She was angry bets you die he i : 4 We rhe abou he acca bece 8 Complete the thd concional sentences We dehy aout — ¥ 5. You dropped the ase because you werent caret 6 He did pass the exam because he was " 7. We didn go to the beach becaure i rrned " ———- : 8 Ihada good tne because you were there — wah me 1 11th ead (par) the weather i forecag,| Would hae ake (eka) an 9 They cit peta tani because hey didn. timbres wth me dave enough money. 2 yee (come) eo the " parey fae igi you 10. We were ate becuse ur cr broke down (ree ones. " 3 (ister coher cis Se aia flow my adc, she di (wet happen) make 3 profe su (brow) yu were a " zs homes (eal you 12 You did pur the mike inthe ridge, so Ie 5 waa 400 de) ire went ba (eet iena) you hie car? Wasec7 10 Rewrite the sentences. Use the second or third conditional. ‘ith the third condional, we ler to the ish the second conditional, we eer tothe present, to something tht would apply nom if vain la hppenes ‘he was ils she did't go to zoo iWohr tear hoee fc aneeoatd ne gone ‘a choo! 2 Uhavert got a caso I wall to work every ‘morning 3. Lice know ie washer birch 50 I dae buy hara reer 4 You done aways tll hi the ruth. 20 he secant trust you i 5 They don't work hard. so they do bay at choo i {6 Tho old man gave us clear drecons, so wo found the ade. v 7 You dont get enough sleep 40 you fel tired ae ce 8 You fergot to bring a map so we got lst ¥ 9 You dint water the lowers. they died. i 10 She erin hard so she 3 good player ¥ 11 ts Dawson loves animal so she has sb 12 We ddr see them, so we dn tll them shout ir 13 Max doesnt know about the subject so he cave help, v 14. The crite did ke the lm 20 she wrote a ad review, i 15 He likes eieron so be gets on wel with " U1 Read and complet, ‘Wendy: Hey Kate. Are you coming to Rachels house tonight? Kate: Well! woud cme i (1) aida have (0 have) co leak afer my baby brother My paren are going out conighe Wendy; Oh Rachel (2) ) ésappointe you dont come. She't realy Ihe you tobe there. I's her birth you know, Kate; Hee bith? | ddr know was her birthday had known. o (at my parents co get 2 baby ster Now they won let me come unas they (4). fan! find) someone else to look ser Bobby. ‘Wendy; You alway look afer Boy when your paren (5) (Go) uc Wy Gon you ak your ster to doit tenighe Kate: Wel) (aso he eoday was 50 spec for het. You se, shes 0! out with Pcer Shel be very ary Hehe 7) (have to) say 2c home Wendy: On, wall. (8) (69) youre ve ea try Anyway.) {Gi} me ring you change your in Kate: OK.I wil Be. Maed conditional ‘We can crest conditional sentences by using th {douse rm the third conditional andthe ‘main case fom the second conditional. This ‘ope of conditional sentence ical 9 mixed ‘ndtional apd eles othe ren ha an ‘ton Bat happend nthe past has nthe presen12 Match and write sentences, 1 2 3 4 5 7 a ° 0 1 2 3 5 7 a 9 0 13 Rewrite the senterces using the word given. TTD castes ertat eter esc Ifyou had gone w bed eater if Mum tase cookes inner, ifyou had been Hone, | would buy ths 200k You would know what t0 do tary had akon tha od ie months a0, Fd be fn London rit now We wauldre be m erouble Wiad boughe Wat ltery kee, "woul go to de parey wd Ria | would be ih ody yeu had gone to bea rer. vou onde be 0 te, You should tak to Willm about thie. you Wi mere yoy, Lweuld tate Willa about ti. Shel be very worried | dont ell her. unless Shel be very worried Well go fishing emocrow ithe weather Is foe. providing Wel go fishing morrow a he You shoul star up so at. were would say up so ate She forgt to loccthe door becauee she wasn hur. have Nahe had been in 3 hurry. the spol ta lock the door 1 make dinner you promise to wash the dishes. provided Ph make dine nnn ‘owash he der. 1 read that aro i | have nothing le to do tonight. Fong, read thae arid nothing he to do vonigh ‘She won't come to the party unk John invites har hime. i She won comet the party ise he we would eat ata restaurant, the would not be unemployed cody. if hada area promised to go with Yvonne, if hada spent al my money on CDs ifwe ha flowed hit advice you wouldnt be so red Dad would be wo angry now. if had missed the bus Ifyou had Estened 2 her instruesonsB Wishes, ‘It's time’ Get Personal: ite tin ia’ on your nine! eon "Bh Bie WOE inal fw Tat ee Tish Thad had = gh sith my eat rien Thape she Forgvesmet 1 time we were Friends aga | Jat,Wises, 6 Debbie: am not old enough ea drive, vish 1 ath only + past simple > Tomake a wish or the pst, to eer to 7 Zachary have to leave ear ony) ‘mating tat we woul ike o be — Aiferet, we us Luts or Hf only and the 8 Nora: ant go home right now (wi) past simple. There ino sistant “ifereno betwen Tish nd oly ; Wen gives more emphass to what we ae ‘saying Teih knew the answer to that 10 Cart We lve in the cy cere. ony) ‘question. iFonly we didn't have so much homework! When we use the wa to be with 1 wish of ony we ean use wee inoad of 98 12. Rony leat afford eo buy my matiar a nice uh I waswere taller. presen (wih). 1» Of, we use coed afte wish and F ‘onli eter to an aby that we would ret have. only 1 eau speak alin! 2 Katy: Thc cr 30 expen! (Fen) Judy am not good at Maths. (wish) “White sentences using would and the rompis given | Oh no! Youve broken another gs! you be more arf (wih) Wie use woul fle (wish only to complain Unlehaveu noel br mere careful bout something, o exes or dsie 2 Myint sister is aay aking me ‘ange a stunt has ennosig qlestons se! not bother fe all he ‘Tush you would stop making that noise! Sine rent). SwiehtF only + would + tative 3. George is 0 boty! he sop /tling me 1 wis only + past perfect what t 40 (on) ‘We ws sh only wth the pst pede fo ‘ ‘pies oro bout samen we You ak too much, you be! quiet ish) ‘would ke te have Rappened dfaent i the pat 5 Mes Edwards wants us co write another Wel thd stayed at home last abt! ‘compoution! she noe give / 0 40 much Wat do these people wish? White Sentences using ine words given. 7. Theres water everywhere! you clean up / ater your bath (fon) ‘i and Fred are fing again. they top J srguing eh) 1 arbor: dont have an ube th me ay IT cme ti 8 ges ny sme ont 2. Har cart id my ses anywhere iy eos thou king es (wh) Fo (ro 9) My brother 50 une! he be more caret wh Hs eings (Fon) 31 Helen cant go to Jeska’ pars if nt) 10. My parents dont alow me to gout on 4 Stove: My jo i 20 boring (wish) ‘ways. they I et! me go ut wth ty Fens wish) 55 Martin: We have to go 2 schoo cody. — (fonly) 7 qa8 3) Wie sentences using wish or if only. 1 We spe all oye money on CDs ony ne hadee spent sour moray on COs 2 You didn ell me the wut, Veh 3. Hos my ear keys. wa 4 Lda acento her Wooly 5 We ido win te game wih {5 forgo to all hin st igh, Wnty 7 fled the vest with 8 was ate for work Waly 9 in was’ a the party gh only . 10 told her my secre, wih 4 What does Alan wish? Complete withthe correct form ofthe var. Tip Teihlf ony “past simple foe present onthe ne Tush only + past pares farthest wih | were on a tropical land right now 1 only Leo fn. fa find better job. 2 twa (ork) harder when Iwas sachoal 3) ony. go) to university when | had ad the chance 4 wish (ot have) t0 wor wish (be) eh 6 only! (ean ta) some ome off work 7 Aish (not lave) my last jo. 5 Write sentences using the prompts 1 ni know whare she es 1 hae er Address 1 snd] her anton Iii had ner saves df aden, [oud neva her an itation 2. tdlove to travel bu im Broke. 1/ be 2 ‘lion I eave around the world 3. We aren allowed co go out tonight. we / rat have toy se home —we! go bowing with our ends 430 lonely and bored hereby mye, Jane be herewith me we have 3 great dime 5. We enly see eachother afew times & year. he oe ne fo faraway — we / ee! each ther mors ofen 6 We can only stay are for 3 few dys we / ave longer hada we ea rex! more 6 ste sonces using ve ard he hid dina 1 ano edt igs a or ‘Seager oa (Sieger ce net Oa SER rear teres 2 Lsuyed in the sun for four hours got soburne 3 didn study har i pass the exam, 4 You did’ wake me up mised my plane 5 dis gv hw my phone number He dit {6 wa ate. She was angry 7 You sid’ tll me abour che exhibion. dent 30.“tes time! 6 You borrowed some money fom 3 friend ‘oo weeks ago but you haere pid hi Bac 1s time + subject + past simple ‘We us the phrase I's time withthe past simple otk about something ha we boewe Itisobout ine should happen or that should Ive aed happened. Even ft followed ty the past simple doesnt rel othe pet but tothe presen, Fes geting lat. i's ime we went home. es ime you told hi the truth 7. Conpite wit tt moan te promos. 2 ac a n,n my wll: 1 Hook awh nea 1 ave) 2 ae harese 4 tna you sap ask qustons he ‘ime. would 2 She been working to hard ey {ere Fat) some te oft Vaio ee wi 3 rms (1/—p) bed sean a 4. Werke tobe a the sation ats 4 meaty sry bu can aor your (re ewe). sucson. sn 5 (1 ae ooking for ne Mrociiegears ini te workingin the cy entre 6 Those window ae very diy. Done you 5. Unforunatj we dv he Aerople thnk {ou dea) chat se we were in Athens only r ons the Acces 7 1b) 8 new ca. This cnctioo ai 77 when we wer in Aten realy eine you sho drive mare area 8 What would you say in these situations? Pa Wiste sentences eng ifs time. = |Your brother has sn watching TV for Se dais Solver Ga ais Rene hoor He hans doe is homevork yt bent cere Me neyo ad yur hemene 7 eee 2 Youre at fends hou. You promised to Acne i cal jour mother as soon yeu gin ee ie Jou hen cle her yet # ery pe il ah ey in 3 Your rend has’ ben feng welt She . Hoc io were fran een + doctor yo ise famous 10, Washout oe tb or as 4 Your room tin terible mers, You havent tied for days. Your father as to be a work a eights hal pase oven and he stl steeping. 9 ‘Rewrite tie soitences veing the ‘word given | would lye to be at eh beach gh nom Tah a ehe pow a the beach ons tobedt CT FEED) ow you can do the writing activity fr Unt 8 (Toucher’s Resource File)Der es, {Im sory hen bee in ouch fo 0 long bu 0). 0 do much hese os! wo ‘woot, ve boen busy geting ready fr my Wp hing o Rar, you kro Fume get you onphing? Ym oid (2). be able o mes you on Suny morrng Im diving my mum tothe ator o levn Bu me [3]. go ot ogee Inthe evening) going to see Hare? | went othe boxoffice yesterday ond (5). eget ree ches. [Gf wo 0k Corl jon us| know sho loves Shokespoare The poy fishes. 920.(7) haw der ato fvouit on estouant fierwards® What do you tht (8. you give me @ring on Monday? love, 5 be working late on Monday, [9}..-cell me ct the ofico® You don't have to Phone Caro. 'm going to see her the oie tomar $0 (10). el har ll ‘bout Sunday.eel 3 Rewnite the semterces using the word given © The pin won go aay nin you se doctor it ‘The pain wont go 209 2. 8 doctor 1 rte you goto the pari you promise to be back by eleven. provided fet You Bt the pat) nnn HO Be back by oven 2 You sould ask for help were Wt WOuld ask for Hap 31 we dont eave now. wel be nt forthe meeting, unless Wel be ate forthe meeting nm 4 You hada stomach ace Beaute yo at 00 uch choco, You would hae had 3 stomach 2056 ene 00 MCh chorale, 55 He does go to the sy because he haat got much free tne. go I he had more free ure, to the gyn. 4 Complete using the words atven. © ait you a presen. wish 1s 1 aways make ily mistakes wish nom (1/ know) iewas your birth. _—— (11 not be) $6 earls 2-H missjck Lith (he en come) with vs. 3 fea ely ref only... (17 moe say up atest night! 44 tes already sven tiry fs me... (Q00/ do) your homework. 5 have ro ake the but fo work ony (1 hve aca! {6 My sweater shrank wish c= (0.90 wash en hot wate 7 Mum wl be back any mite now. me “= (you! a) your room 8 can afford to buy that book Wan nnn. (1 sv) he money Mum gave me lst week! 9 wont beable ojo you wish... (17 ave) to work ext Sunday. 10. This house too small eS tne... (we sta looking fora new ene, 5 Read tte sontonces below. Some ofthe ines are correct and some havea Wore which should not be there Ia line i Correct puta tick 7 next toi a line has a word which should not be tore, write the word at the end cf the line. 1m sure Bran would have spoken to you fhe had 660 728 ut you wil soe hr, tt fin alle ica ‘Would you the me to buy aything fom the marge! eee lee the time we went back home. =e ‘You must listen tothe instruction ery carefully a We need co hry soni al pas eight es mig hate ai ae conight. = Fiona had given mea it | would have mised ny plane. "ead you the money prewing you wil ay me back by Friday. ‘Unies we fish the project coda Mr Woods wil be very aogry 10. 1 wish ony you ad told me eater.The Passive Teenlink: A Fluffy Discovery by ols Popcorn was fst grown in Mexico, é ‘hausand of years Safore Columbus {Sscovere Amerie. Anciene popcorn seeds have recent been discovered InPeru They are thought to be bout 1.000 jens old and shay ean Sal pop! Experts sy hat ever popped bopeorn can be preserved for long Periods. Ancient Popped popcorn i Fometimes found in se South American dezeres And sll oak fresh and white Seen the sand and dust blown off! Now ine thae amazing! 18 popcarn a Stone Age snack? ‘Wa love or noe wae! I now Delteved tat cave peops had popcorn Form subject + to be + pat pantciple > We for the sive voice Sing the vb tobe in the tng hat we ned an the pai parla af the main vet Se the table below ewe Pasa These he aa [Te nal refed Tay ae ding te is Their re Being fe Thy ed taal Fis esiek wee ll Tay were feeding the Sale iar were beg fd Thay hae Tod Br rans |The ail Rav Bon Tod Thay had edt aris [Th ial ad been Ty ed tail The are wl be fed Thy ll bove fed the enn The are wl have bess Fa Thay ae going to eed he el [The asi ave going tobe fe They mst fed nas. Tae rans mast be ed> Often, nthe pasive oie, we ural ve the vat to get intend of the vet to the Wie ueualy use ln everyday speach to rele to something tat happens by cance, suddenly or unexpecst ‘Tao bien by a dog om ma way to school Use >We use the nassive voice when the action ha we are talking about concerns ‘nore dn who di # or when we donot know who did Ue acon. ‘his house was bl In 1901 Coffee Is gown in Kenya Agent >» To say who did the action that wear ang about, n exert eer fo the ‘gt we ad by and a name, noun ot pronoun athe end of the sentence. "Otver Twat’ was witen by Charles Dickens. > Wed not mero the agen when ths ot impress oer x hin we do nt knw who did the action that wear fading shout. The mising boy was found two days ago. The thieves havent been arrested yet [My be was stolen Tas night >> Button we want o state the material or objet hat was used for an action we te th, ot “The door was opened with ake, Seen LOC etait 1 Complete wit ihe passive voice, Use the tense given 2 Complete withthe passive voica | Aspace probe ws sent. (send) 1 Ths tanec (dec) by Mars cw month go, ‘Sim Brteon. (35 snp) 2 Rr states (oven) in 2 Engh (pea) al ver 1998 ‘the word reset snp). 3 She (he Ficerview) by 3. Anew schol (out in famous journals ‘War See (pretent continous) 4. The essrooms (ea) 4 Dinner Gore) at 8.00, every day. (wi). 5 We cantuse my ofce atthe moment 5 The rules (use obey) (ea byl ee sade. (resent simple) 6 think 3 hospital (outa) 6 The mach (anced, gas here next year. perfor) 7 Me Sich was waking whieh car 7 Myer (ea presene (reat. ere) 8 Wecant goto the concert. All the tickets 8 The room {lean when 1 on. artve (pst continuo) v1 (ean conse) in an emerge, 10. By the sme che police arrived the money ea9 3 Form ihe negative and question 1A: This book wns writen in 1955. 1: Youre wrong. waant writen in 1906, ‘A: Realy? When ae ited 2A The house i being redecorated next week B Youre wrong. — A Realy! When 3. Ac Our new carpet wil be delivered on Monday. B Youre wrong. ‘A Rel? When 4. A: The meetings gong tobe held on Friday. Youre wrong A Real When 5. A: The tourists have been taken go che 2: Youre wrong 1 Really! Where 4 Rewrite the sentences inthe passive 1 tins of pope he ret ny intsenbt cess by mons of peoge en dan 2 rs Richards wil mack your tests 2 A neighbour had reported the murder. 4 An old dy saw te de. 5. MrJone lock the offce every evening 6 Scions have discovered 3 row species of Grossi 7 ebella wil write the artic for next week’: 18 Theanciont Greeks bul the Parthenon. 6 Rewrite the sentences in the passive voice, 1 Anyone can answer this question fie question san be answered by anyone. 2. An oldman was following he gr 3 Detecve Roberts is interviewing he robber. 4 Jean Pere going to design her weding res, 5 A.vetwas examining the sek cat 6 A doctor should west tat wound. 7 The new reporter can wets that arte, 8 Kave Woods mig ing hs song Say i these sentences are activa (A) or passive (P). Thon rove each sentence in the active ot passive voice. 1 Someone is watching us a Weare beng matched 2. Horror fms should’ be watched by cadre, ‘Children ehould’ match howor fi, 2 She i being examined by Doctor Simms. 4 An old tan found her purse. 5 ‘Romeo and ule’ was wetean by Shakespeare {6 This rer has been polled by poisonous chem 7 She was ated by two young men. 18 The prime minster wil make an7 Revnite the sentences inthe passive voice, clade the agent only where necessary. 1 They ae reoring the Leaning wer of Pes FES tearing Tour of Fes lena eviored 2 Steven Spelberg rected these fins 3 Someone was following me on my way home 4 The police haven't questioned the suspects me 5 Me Newton i teaching the Geography class atthe moment, 6 He told the students to koop quiet. 7 Thay ited a hunched people to she weeding 8 Charlote Bronte wrote jane Eyre ‘8 Complete with by or with. 1 Thi pies was pained — ya fous 2. These pctres were akan avery ood emer Fy notes were blown avay the wind He got stung a bee ‘The room was filed smoke ‘These pictres were taken a profesional photographer: Her desk was covered boots. 8 The Statue of Liberty was designed Barthel. 9 Sorte theo BY viake and it ‘See how thes verb form the pase ate voce ‘make somebody so someting My pres make ‘ee iy mm Sey mesend ‘et somebody do net comeing They etme stay | Lamatlowed to opine apo e Pasa ie ‘oemade to do Tam made to ty cdnd ‘bellowed to Jo eNCos I the passive voice 1 Que teachers make us work hard 3 choot We ae made to werk hava at sehooh, 2 She lets the children pick fruit rom her trees The chisren 3. He made the boy apologise. ‘The boy 4 They don' lot people touch the exhibits in ‘he mussum People 5 Mother will make you weir that dre! 6 The teacher wil ers leave schol early ody, We 7. She has never made me do anything ke tha! The let us use the equipment9 10 Reunite she sentences inthe passive voice. fescld that / He i sad tobe) 1 The prime intr wl he a eo she Some vers th a oh, ble iors SS adnate, ke, ended ep econ se hone the Taco pean: + 1+ pan h(a hae 2 He gwetin sone ney Bp oneseeiae wavs Ati: Many peopl ink ha her new 3 Thee ole ay " te foie xcetent Pasi: I thoogh tt) hor new fl 4 She ling he ten 0 cen $e cen Her ai tha fo be excelen They gave Bob a CD player for his birthday. ‘Active: They say (that) he has won the ae ioe 6 Hem gv the mesg oh re Posie ini (a) be has won the person. ® lottery. Feonae He neat ve won the ote 7 Wah av sens Engi and Freeh Ave Some pope bee iat) May Sorc ict the sary gone se. 8: Someone rou owes or the rie Tat sn td yet te Flowers “Mary Is believed to have left the 9 They showed the ours thesis of county seo. Ailes ‘Thess 10 They pay her an excell aary 12 Rewst the sentences inthe passive vote. she Use the correct construction. 1 tes oe lect bigs a ack 1 Rowrite the sentences using the [Ablck cis sad to eg bad ack word given. 2 eis known tot dogs are colour bln 1 They £1,000 for this Dogs are known aoa 2 ee eet ha be in ered €1,000 eae. paid to... the artist for| He eben ae 4 Pcie ero pe 2 They sent a brochure to all the members of iris re lees ses pone Al emenber lhc Belew aid ad 6 The plane is reported to have landed safe a cas acti The rere ey ine sen eee 1 epee oat a | annie © Preue Her guests ——_. nn tam and & The actor is said to be seriously il. ees fess 5 He showed the new computer room to the 9 ie shou hae people ere her tree seadens. was thousand years ago. “The new computer room = People the sudente. 10 She i beleved to have bough the pining {or over a mibon pounds = eis belewed1B Reverie the semtencet in the passive voice. Use two constructions for each sentence. Jee anid ehgt hs the righest. man in Beate Hele and 3 Beate thers ian Beta Read and circle te correct answer. | STATUS: l | © Endangered? Why? What s being (7) “Toe Giant Panda sas be © Somme 48 bow » knew © known 5 hove & ae must 6 2 have hunted be been hunted have Been hunting a » dome ead Bada b was © he dab with © from 102 stppore © supported © supporting9 15 Rowste the sentences wsing the 16 Rowe the sentences usin the word given ‘word given | Thousands of people anced the 1 People think ehh weer was concere by rade in Mexico. ehoughe ‘The concert was attend ter rie thoueshat = thin ouands of peopl Jewlery wat made in Mexca 2 You must rea the paagah care 2 he texpectd ha they wil win the read res ~ ‘me. are ‘Ths paragraph They oe are pre 3 Theyre ging to restore eat od buling 3. He olered her arse. was next month restored eo arose ‘Ta ol buitng 4 esd tha splay wat ween in seo onc {he seventeenth century. have 4 They ce py cto. “is pay ‘ee on ven inthe seventeen entry. shed aa 5 We dont koow how ty people were edn se scene kon he winner ow many B00" pesbr re reli ti dor 6 The storm used aot of dag, was 4 Thi rapore must be sen to Mr Aan Alot damage snmesately tent the sorm. Maton hi ‘pot inet 7. The are deaing the garage at he moment. is 7. tei repored thatthe asin el was ‘The pwaee « {Gund inte park ® the moment ‘The ising Be 2 8 The will ot et you eo the bung eee be (8 They ge hers ew sports cr for You ino the Gores. given baling. She ne 9 His colleagues are organising a sr i ary. being sre 19 The bus diver is blloved to have ‘Reueprie porey ‘aured the sciden. fe he eolegues fe the but seaeyiere ig "dover cael de aecident “The window fi 10 She told the seudents ache: were a Testers on ‘We shoul tll her abou the party ee: x 1 Shes sald wa be very good at pairing. She shout the ‘aid po Resies very good 12. They were xing the roof wen ef eee: 12 George Newton igh be gen 3 Nobel prze.'ta ANobel pra : Geoege Newton ppt ON meetin pielThe Passive 17 Romite the numboved sentences inthe passive voice SE status ENDANGERED The Siberian Tiger Lite many other (7) What can we da? wi ereatres, the (2) Te Russian govermen imaking largest member Of afore o protect the Siberian tie.) fr she cc fnty— 1992 ty et lp protector rough he Sheran 82" pgcil laws age hunting, There ae 82 many provacted gr ares in Seria However according to experts the Sterian Species on Earth, ger wil sn become extn (10) ress Al) One can.find we take more steps for Is protection, Siberian ees caster Sora Korea and Chin. (2) However people gitimate ha ty 150-200 eer sl exit a he wil: Ard there are abou 250 tigers In 208, Endangered? Why? (2) Exports ey tha human beings ae he ‘only eneny ofthe Siberian tie (4) In he ‘wentith century hunters reduced the ‘manber ef gers in the wld by 95% f (5) Hunting is stil reatening the Sbern ‘igs (6) In Chi, they use tiger body parts fer wade medicine, © Like many ether wid creatures, the largest member ofthe cat © fami the Site tiger~ Is one of the moot endangered 1S spaces on Earth Siberian tiger canbe found in eastern 1S Sibers, Kora and China ST Bee) 2° vos can do tho writing activity for Unit 9 (Teachers Resource Fis),Causative form aie ‘Your her realy rust have Ps yee [cine orm ‘We enn he wos, Ne hae th ows leaned ‘Wi are eaning te windows. iar ving ts windows cone We were hain We hve had th windows done We have bees hain he wows Saved Wiad nad winds ame Wd bon ving ts winds ened We wl awe i wos dened —| Wi ar pln to have te wows Saad Well be Raving ie windows ened | Wa wil ae adhe widows eae ‘We mont ave winds eed Gess wivowe Have the indo Game.To form the cBuvetive form, eRe hava + objet + ese participle ative: ‘The hairdresser cuts my hair once a month. CConsative: {have my ha eu once a month > Quetions andthe nagalve inthe essen simple and the past simple reformed ‘ing do does nd did We have our house painted every five years. ‘We don’t have our house painted every five years. How often do you late your house pointed? >> When ve want 0 relr to wa lng heen we use the agent, fe, by + ameounpronoun. ‘The Lombards had ther house designed by a famous architect. > Alnsead of have, we can se the veto ae, mail in orl speech ‘You should get hat sul cleaned. Use > le use the eauatve form to ree to an action tha we oureies re not dong Dol howe ernsted somebody ele to do fre Lets compare te folowing to examples, ‘Stephen repaired his car yesterday. (He xed sel) ‘Stephen hd ihe car repaired yesteday by the mechanic, (He di not ft ‘mest The car macho Bead 2) > We olen ie th enustive fern 2 tlk abou something unpeneant that happened to somebod ‘Georgia had her handbag soln lastnight Complete with dve causative fonn. Uso the tense given, | have mecar washed. year J wash) 2. Complete wit the causative form. ‘Weare having our garage rebule our rage ! rebuild) 3 the moment ace 3 wes presen mp) 2 ox tvs 2 tree owt daw Bas ry Br) ws wan np se rome sal) 3 Sealy 3 Me (ou ng od on Cea ana a ‘escapee pect) 4H ts 4 Mier (eps i aba ‘Sten ied pas conta st (te exes 5 ort wor co ipa Fi ep) enero wd 6 Tester we 6 Mes ovr tee He Dore i) nw (hs poteyrph a) Gee 7 Thee ntsc ‘oot aw chi ar aig nt (isrepre/9pe) gS her ‘by Monday morning. (fueure perfect) ‘carpets / clean) when | phoned. . owe (sour oa — iis ei etl a al) bin freertrtoenroncttrtes to 9 nde Gerba ot (a door! cut). (present continuous) ix) soon, | promise, 10 he (eaten rasa) (pas perfect)10 3 Fon the negative and the question. | As He had hie bike fed on Mond ‘eure eon er ae Tae on Realy? When die have fsa? ob had his rifase seen yesterday. Yeure wrong. Real? When “Theyve hd airconditioning installed in ee ving room. Youre wrong este Where She has her ar serviced once a yar Youre wrong Real? How oan She wil have her wedding dress made in Pane Youre Realy ners We had the grats ext on Tues, Youre wrong “ Realy When Were paving our swimming pool clenes ‘Youre wrong - Realy? When “Theyre going to have dh uriure replaced nent week Youte wrong Reale Re >Re Pree ee > Perro Rowite the sentences using the causative form. Include the agent only where necessary, 1 professional photographer took he pure Fe had hie picture taken bya professional hotoarspher 2 Someone stole Kates bike this morning Kee 3 The frei going so dev he lowers to ry house 36 930. 4 Acechnician has ue se up their new computer network, They 5A secretary types Mans letters for i, Meevane 6 The eileen are washing Lia ar for ber uss 7A piano tuner tunes my pine once year r 8 The cleaner was vacuuming Bela ffce hon I eled her Baty - 9 Fred assstane wil organise the meeting for hin, Fred 10. Someone cooks her meal for her. She on Rewrite the sentences using tho causative form, | We should ak somsone to fix that hoe in the wal We shes have chat hole in the wal Fike 2 mus ask someone to port this eter lnmeditay 31s someone to photocopy tis book, ese 4 You should ask your hairdresser eo dye your tre 5 They have co lean our carpe ths month 6 The experchson restored her panting 17 The docor should take his blood prottre 8 Ask someone to cea the garage tomorrow. 9 Mask omeone to serve our der before este 10. We are going ask someone 10 ropa the CD ple.6 Rownite the sentonces using the word given. | Diane avays aks Jan Mal to make her other. Rae Diane always pe her othe made by Jean 2 Does somenne lean your house every ‘wool ae Doyou. e every weak! 3. We mustask the wavel agent to make the arangenens for have casi: em 6 Alezandra Jones is decorating Beye ofee. having Rey ones By Alea Jones, 7 You should ak someone todo this as soon spose. get Noho 00m aE posible 8 Has a dentist checked your teeth ye? had Hine you ee Wem bye 9 he aaresser tad ety a 30 ‘craved agent ‘short. had oe 4 hve to ak someone to develop hese Ipoh ey wihere 10. Wemust sk someone co make tet copies once. have The warchmalar has’ repaied my Wega anc watch ye. had i repaired yet Read and complete. Use the causative form. What's new in ie HOLLYwooD | Margaret Rose, star ust buld) as well The old one was too | ofstage and screen, tal fer all my gusts she expaned Ms Rove (9) (he fod for the pay / ging to cao by French chee. “The ees that she wil be wearing was designed “two weeke "ago. She = (ie! make) by her good ‘end designee Deborah Wayne. During the pany Me Rowe) (photoyraphs 7 take) by fashion nn Photographer Son Richards (her home / prepare) by profesiomaiz’A (ar tkadh act wok san tO weet Soe fay po sad ou) ee ba wo Iansin 7 redecorate) especially for the (Fan! pot sand out) yet but we, de Soe tho) nee : Fee Pace ad decuad har arden? she wats / already rn (Ln fanew swimming pool! ead af abou che prey ia our nt ne! by Orn Suse new fm al be 1 ae Rowe 4 rion on Smy o Tan vieck rors {9 Ear 10 ca itor actvty for Unt 1 Teacher Resousce FleAdjectives, adverbs fret hep plies reproduce, by Ata Brookes is you know eit insects are the most successful ie form on Earth In ft there are more than one millon species of sects almost 95% of al the anal spaces on Insects hive adapted more successily 10 different clenatestham anyother kind of rial Thoy ean live in the tion land, under the sil and inthe water. The only place where che are not commonly fund is he ocean Bees and brterfies are rome ofche most useful insects com Ent By carrying allen rom one plant to he ache. they { tte at feet) Adjectives > Adjectives ae words that we use to desabe a noun. ‘They go befor the noun that they ae dsc or after vets such as be, look, sound, feel, smell appear et. We've bought a new cr. You look bes today >> We can use moe than one adjective to aualify a noun. Inti ease, we use them in the folowing order according to what they are expressing opinion [ae [age | stage [coer | org is rein { ‘ane |_| Bo sce ee] [out [eee 1» Some aibectves are ured ne nouns and refer to mesic soups of people, We ie the aloe ‘howe and they are fllwe bya plural ver, Some of them ‘We've organising a concert to raise money forthe poor. ‘The young dont always understand the oldAves Adverbs are words Yat usally ual the ‘erin ete Formation of adverbs > Some adeces rm adits by ad te nding {Gea Sling rales, page 158) bad = bly nay easly ‘comfortable ~comforbly fetve = atively outa beauty logical gical > Some adverbs af not formed ascording 6 the ale, ue ome odes ake the ome Form asthe adc good well early early fast fast near — near herd bard high high tate late > Some aces, eg, hard, lt, near. high, form tuo avert with diferent meaing hard hod) hardly (very te, amos not ral) He works har, ‘The phe hardly ever means ‘most He's always bus. He Barly ever goes Tae ate lately (roent) “They got up late yesterday. ‘been working hard ately {dee}, ears (sot ‘There's anew bank gute near nearly fen o dock ‘Shei 8 highly nteligen git Adverbs of manner Adverbs of manner. eg, wl hay, city ‘scribe how someting ls done He drives earely. ‘Was raining heats Adverbs of ine Adverbs aime, eg now, then, toda, tomorrow, gsterdoy, indicate tine {be back soon, ‘We sn him yesterday Adverbs of place ‘Adverbs of place, eg. here, there, upstairs ‘ear indole lace They ile nearby. Adverbs of hequeney Adverbs of frequency, eg ahvoys, usualy, coten frequently, sometines, occasionally, {orey, seldom, never, ese the [Regoeny th whic somatine Roppens They + before the main ve, We cen vst our grandparents on Sandaps + ler an uly vs, “They don't usually phone us so early in ‘he mornings, + ler the yet to be when thi the min to You're always late! Modiying adverts > Moding adverbs, eg very (vay, quite {ate rater (a i) ey (areal (eal, amos! (almost) extremely (ery ‘uch, ere unbebeva are wed before te cece or before ary oer sven, 1s incredibly cold thie morning. ‘The students are working que ard hie tm. 1» They are ued to show he degree to which somebody or sometting has a characterise My brothers athe shy, so he dosnt ke going to partis, > Thay ore to used before ave. Inhiseae they 20: 2 before a ain ver Tabeolately lve pancakes! + aferan away ver, ‘She did't really tke the fm Postion nd order of adverts > Adverbs of manner ustaly go afer the verb of after the cet of sentence re dressed quickly and le, She did her Homework quickly. Adverbs of ploce usually 20 er the vt or alter the object ofa sentence My end and Jet here every doy. > Adverbs of time usualy goat heen of the ‘lence, They ean ako go atthe begining, “Tomorrow weve having a par, We're having a party tomorrow, When theres more an one adverb of eb phaces in 9 sentence, hen we use them nthe following order ‘manner ~ place ~ time, He's been working hard a schoo! recently > Batwhen tere aver ha nalts 'moten in the sentence, e290 leave, come, ‘hen we use the adverts n fe folowing order place - manner - time She arrived ere early thls morning.1 1 Put the adjectives in the comect order. cK ow B 0) Tahir ~ cotton od, white 4 nockace~ her reas ne io) seats Chinese, expensive tir raph shore, dare 3 fame ~peture, wooden, square 4) ar ~ madsen sport, lan 2) chair ~ aque French, able 23 box ~ eardoard. ig, black 2. Pure words in brackets inthe comrect lace. 1 She speaks French uen) ‘She opeats French Mur 2. Ibe waiting for you (tomorrow) 3. Ive een here before. (neve) 4 She foe ered this morning (exteney) 5 Ray and Sun ate marie. happy) {6 Wayne es i job (ety) 7 We go out on Sundays. (har ever) 8 He drank hie cole. (quick) 9 Marin complaining about someting (always) 10. Ive fnhed pining ny room. almoss) anol white, cotton hit 3 Putthe words in the comoct order. 1 wane yesterday by bu 0 work Liven to hort by bus yesterday 2 She J very quik! ihe her homework 3 James itis ine of ya e001 / ‘uly 4 You payed / very wel ns night at che 5 He has been working / ll morning hard Inte eden 15 We! meet alway in the par on Sunday morning: 7 She [waited / patent I for hours / a he airport 8 1 getup in the morning / usally! early4. Chrcie the conrect answer, Tip Aajectves cia noun Adverbs unsly indeat the manner, place, fie, requeney f een! ta which someting ry when be hears 1 Het be very a 2. Done be 20 ade! rely 0 people 2 te was dark nd I could se8 der on, ‘Comparative and seperlative forms Actives > ese te comparative form of sacs to compare two people, enial hinge ih each other Tink Physics is harder than Chemist. {Asinall cars mote economical than a Wa >We use the suave form of actus to ‘compare more han wo people, aml hog ‘The tiger I the largest member ofthe cat fae ‘She the test student inthe clas > Mononobie adjectives ar wel a bie ‘ecves that end in for the omparave fn vith the ending -er and ‘he word than after this the serence ‘online. To form the superatve form, we ‘the aril the batore the adc sn the ending eta the endo he ae [See Spaling rules, page 153), hot = hotter the hotest cheap ~ cheaper — the cheapest petty pretir — the pretest b Adjectives that have Mo or more sabes form te comparaive frm uh the word ‘more and the supe form wh the word ‘most bear the nace. ‘adem more madern the moet moder ‘hic more diet —the mos diffe > Some diabl adjectives such as clever ommon, fend, quiet, narrow, simple, form the compere and soperative ern ; both ny, friendly fendliermore fend — the fienalesethe most rend simple ~simpleiore simple the smpesthe mot simple 4 aly feo very nervous / nen before 5 We hada map so we found the house csr co, 6 Leigh be a ic te ey oni Nick i avery corel careful aver: asso ted that | could har or keep ry eyes open, 9 That test was realy had ard, 10 She sang bec! bool 11 Fm no very good / wel at Maths, 12 Have you been doing anything inceretng let tel? Avert > adverts endng in ty form the comparative fam with tha ord more andthe serine form wth the word most teow the aver careflly = more carefully = the most carta Aare that have the same form a the ajc form the comparative form wth the ding et andthe spare form wit ha ending es. foot ster ~the fastest hard Rarer =the hardest, Irregular forms > Some words donot on the comparative te superlative form according othe above ‘les (Riese (Quanier [Comparative Sipeaive pec vl i aa ‘or ae(Other forms of comparison > When we compare is peopl, Simao hinge ha we wa to Show ae the same, do something inthe sare way, we seas + Ajetiwadver © a8 (98 Slvet's avo a Sve Toshsw that no peop, animal or thing ate not he Same ha hey nat do someting nthe sare way, tie se not ato + adjectveadverb ‘as (ota He docs play the piano as well fe his bother lees + adjectiveladver (+ thaw) 1 To show during a corsparson that» enon imal or hing that we are paring nero othe ther, we fan tse ls + adjective (¥ than ss han. ‘The st exercise was less dial than the second one ovmuch’a ata tle + comparative > Tocxpres 10 what dare no peop, animal or hinge fe, we (ust be words farimuch ft fa 15) oa ite fa ie) Before the adjective or the ade in the comparative frm, “The book is much better than er Teo ile later than usual thie morning the + comparative, the + comparative > Th fou ha the messing the more the more. Not be word ‘der inthe stances the = omparat* subect + ver, the comparative + subject verb, ‘The sooner we eae, the sooner wel get there The harder you study, the better you'll do at school comparative + and + comparative > Thi form fed expres the resning* er and. Your Enis s geting better and betes, He's growing aller and taller. (tis) the + sperative + roe > Thi orm is sed to erase the ann the most have eer “That i the funnest story ve ever heard 5 Complete the sentences with te correct form ofthe adjectives or adverbs. © (i) Te fastest. _ ast) repel inthe (onic an gana fom Cosa Ra | (anges) thn ac of cobra -— «Most sles can alow ral at _| © The word eo Teryrlar an eto simgaime | * raved i Gapped e twa foyer od when dat “9 enptan 236 | avoid va annem Shcnaveaia pee repairs ot seem eroenet | Seana f Renae wena 8 (wet) 5 people Diath og e can grow 35) seams! ‘Animal Files: © 8 Colombian frog is (6) (paionous) ania athe world Fee paaon (7) ieAgectes aes & Rewrite tho seatences using the {7B 7 Rowste the semencen using tho + word given comparauve, the + comparative, 1 Spang be yours ogee a 1 yu exercise more. youve weigh phic nt ng 2 Yours, ‘Memore ou ue He more wah 2 Jack works harder than Tim, not saul ieen _ pclintoaeacint sce foPg 2 When yout young. ar noreeahy 2: Dard and aura are both he se age = ou : i a 3 you pacize more oly beter 4 Kates soe a er itr aly sera. a8 Kasse Sls 4 awe got close tothe spore noe ser Became oer 5 You don ow hin as eo than ' ae nyo (ee aes 5 Ha et ec yg nn ~~ roe : Hoe eee 6: ah eo of ea ob gf hy ares ware zoe ms 7 ebay ry harder ther marks wil Be 8 This chair is comfortable and thax one is, bese, see i chon 8 tthe was any longer he pa il get 9 Ben doesn’t run as fast as Alex. fast worse, Ave TH : ga | oes niin As she grew older she became more ats TAT ‘ict 11 Tye caring ae not expen a he sae see MT 10 Aste bsie i ty bsane we reed 12 Bea Seer han Kim nthe oa - a: = 11 Wen out lr hig become ire ssBetinainthecam ~ Zz mproettnal mean piel) tetas nre ou he we hl te more crested1l 8 Compare the animals inthe photos, Use dllorent forms of comparison. ‘A dolphin ert a danaeroue ona shark ‘dolphin ie moreintellaert than a hari ‘Ashach.con ania. ao. 2 dpi 9 ‘Rewrite he sentences using the word grin, 1 We meter heard sch 3 food joke. vor esthe bent eke Neer. saad. 2 He drives very caret: He aie ever 14 Her frst nove was as interesting eis oe, ess ee fret novel A 4 Ldn ie the lm as much a Lary a is i Ie nee read sch 3 bd book the DEP Ferre erred ‘acy gee beau han Sash a Sara Becky 1 you gek more sleep, oul el bate. the Te oa hacen bat oul eet Their hose cost more than um a8 Ouehoise dn es. She plays cna very wel 9 Sher ities. env player If yu are more ear, you‘ mk fowor rstkes. che Tics Ee wer mistias ou akTe Animal fie, Bird Facts ur mony |e Be). ee a poe ‘Asa ""Fiet |" Ahan ee Sample are sae ‘ewcve times) Sharp a os. beeing) bo Bee oe |» The norma body temperature of bid freeved 100 8rd | sual 7-8 degree (6) curs Ther ce rom reaters | Sood. comans 7) oxygen than Regier alee | human blood A beds hare bats () | more quy an the, Raman ear ane wo are | When bir rests heart can beat 400, Berne So és | tines amie And when fies bess Mere sure yout | sn 0) edhe amare |« The bones of 3 bird are usally facts itreig |° (1). lub than our Birds can G)..-wedd. “| (11) cc because thelr bones contain Schick thie alton Ber | a poputr and popular E)more and more popular popular and more popular d mere popular than 24 fess ron aide the lest 4 less han 3 a8 be than from 4 a as god el © bower 4 the bese Saas > more © very 4 almost 6 3 more highly han ae ighly ae «hip than 6 tigher 7 a mose b aloe of much 4 more 8: mos b very eh 4 less 9 4 themost rapidly 5 more and more rapid € more apd 1 more apy loa very 2 les chr ¢ themost Nae easly © much esser 6 easer ST Bete) ow vou can do sho writin activity for Unit 11 (Teacher's Resource Fie)Infinitive, gerund infinitive, ‘let/make’, ‘would rather’, ‘had better’, ‘too/enough’, gerund, ‘be/get used to’, ‘prefer/would rather’ Infinkive ‘The nr the base form of ver. Theve ae to forms of nitive {ull infnive infinitive with Yo} eg, to study. ‘are infinitive infinitive without ‘o') eg study. Fall nfiniive We ure the fl infinitive: Pater some vets he owe ein nage We've decided to move to Wale. He promised to be more careful inthe future. Ta love to come with you.ater Some aces suche anaious ld, happy, lucky. pleased, Prepared, ready, sony, suse, {lng ew the sau subject + 10 fe + adjctve + nace im very pleased to hear his. ‘She's aoys willing to he th he stan + fo be + ‘djetive 1s mporant to follow the teacher’ inaction. D> Investencer wih verbs the want cexpect. ask, would lke, ete we can Shave a ferent subj ie the subject af he ie ue may be diferent rom the abet ofthe native tn is se; the sabject ofthe ie is ‘Sually a pronoun, a noun or 8 oper ‘ame and gos red afer he an ve, let, mae 1 wane to post shi eter. same subject Tame you to post thi ter. (diferent subee| We expected to win the match. (some sho We expected the other team to win the match, (lent ibe) Bare infiive We ure he bare ibnive > afer modal verbs sch sa, ‘could a, might mst, shool, You should se a doctor. > afer the er lp. But we ean ako tee the hl inti, He helped me cary the books He helped me to cary the books. These mate wren | Rae | Myies | she bre init. She always males me laugh ln the passive eee hough the eb roa ‘fled by hf iniive. The ver Je eno used In the pose vols rated, | ‘wv the vet allo which flowed tye fl infitive (Soe alo Uni 9, The Passive, pone 69, ‘would rather had beter I Wiese the bare aaive fer the ‘xgetion would rather freer a rather have 9 cup often, 1 circle the coneetaxswer, 1 You can ask Petr chive (EaRByou to the 2 Let me hep (10 hep you with that sicase 3 Hil so lad see! se you! 4 Yous beter hur /1 hurry oF wel be ae. 5: Paul and Anne have decided gto get rr | alta nd vegetal nde to et plea of | aan ene | rate the par Trl lowed oot the a 1 We se the hate infin fer the ‘epresion ha beter 900d deat.) You'd beter loan up before Mum gets back. 5 May are (10 use your phone! 17 Thae was close! Youre lueky be te alive! 8 We cant aford buy to buy now ee ° Could you halt old this bag for me, please! James has agreed end! lend the money.2 2) Complete with the full infinitive or bare 3 Rewmite the sentences using the costae cr Cs | My scr does’ mind | wear her clothe. fats 2. She wanted to be & teacher but her parents forced her ro sdy medicine made She wanted tobe a teacher but her paren medicine 1 Wed beer HAY. (8) yp the 2 Mur sys must din spss of orange leche, or mother wil be fou! iuee every morning, makes on ‘orange jie every morning, ass of 2 thnever Cepek bir sein! 4.‘ parents dont allow me wo g0 out 3 vn an te ty ee ‘ My pO 4 You should ain be it sone aor eh youre ot fing wel 5 The robbers forced ust give them our 5 Suident ano owed . smaney, made (ee) she Wray. The rODbES ee 6 Why done we (yt. hen oirimeney resturant tonight? {6 Dad dn allow me to ue his ca. tet 7 ferather (oa) 2 be longer Pa sre Mee you done in 7. Or ceacher wants us work ery hard eas great 1) rom you! sakes 8 was {bea rom yo Soca f 9 Mum made me (ean) my very har roam tis morning {8 Do You think the bos wl allow me to 10 You cue (alt) e oor boss lee cary ede Tet show tis Bo you thnk he boss a 1 Wee going: he cine Wel ou ke cor ly tote? Goin us? 1 Did she make them apologise to their 12 realy sorry (hear tat teacher force hrm a ek Die. ant he re Sing we tear? 13, Do you eink Ralph wil ee ws (bocrom) hi ar 10 Wy do you le hie behave lithe? M4 Are you wiling (ave up) your spare cine 0 hop ws? Is rubecer (enn pe APO ne pt bee ie oi‘ne, ge 4. Complete with had better ox would rather | Weed better shell be very ure 2 dont wan 0 ay at home. 23 done ike going Hy bus. vale tall her the oth oF 100, 09h ‘Wie can os the ntntive afer the word oo and enough, foo + adjectneladsery + infinitive ‘The werd too has a nese meaning and ‘ans to much ore than what should oF neal be. too shor to reach the top shel > ino) adjectowndverb + enough + tntice ‘The word ena means ‘enous and has 2 poate maaing. We set say that Tim not tal enough to reach the top shel Peaoo + non + nitee noha used before noun. But this ‘ee the word order ifr Have we got enoogk money to buy the sick? 5. Rowtite me gentences tsing the word given. 1 She t00 young to wore. (od) hein bd enavgh to wet 2. He was deving too carelety to ais the secidene. aretully) 3. Tm no ll enough go reach dat she (chow) 4 The students arn’ inerested ancugh ro concentrate, (Bored) 5 She's 0 sy 0 rake a speech in publi (concent) 6 He did't work ast enough ta sh on time. (sly) 4 You don fol ery well. You = sy be 0. st stay at home| done realy want to go tothe enema, 6 You sudy harder you wane pase the exam T 900 have ts oF cols? 8 We leave now or wel srs the bis 1 Inthe event that we have difern sujet ihe subj ofthe main er is llerent to the fubjet of the inne, we have add for and the new subject bore he infiive: o0 adjecaveadverb + foraomcbody + inftive. ‘That shelf too high. (hs subjects = That het) “Toy cant reach (hs subj ean wack = Tob That shel sto his Yor Toby to reach [NE The net of the ain ver (That shelf ‘ea the objet ofthe Inn (We have {ole the word it oo he sentence 7 Some people are t00 inpatient co be good ceachers. (patent) 18 We did getup early enough co cath the arin. (te) 9 You dd play wel enough to beat he. (sy 10 fle tao ig go 0 school (wl) |The ehiden are to0 young to wateh tt fir. (ol) [2 The actor doesnt look young enough to ply 18a roe (og)12 6 Read anc complete with toolenough and the infinitive & From: Hoothe Sh |B ebors Subject: Concer Door tz, ‘hope you a nel bet i! ty nbd ike he doce said, ond se yosoon Ayu. werto the conc ls eight lr il Let ma el you about it Asin cole me ote lot int od sald thot ho ws 1) 0 iy t-te oy ‘corel wih me. | hen called Zae bul she prclered lo say of home. Sho ssid sho seas) Innes mel co come leven led my odo come win abe cide wos [8] fid/ gallos pop ‘once Soin he ed wot by mys fay | iit eal hv 9 gud ews fsa od nt ed eal connie Ico ee ny peares he ‘Sica car SoA in cone ht eed there wen /5) fe / go) back ong Thess wos ret bet el (0) (cold / vols) ond | was oho jee Hanalei mt tht wshyouhodbeen(@) (wall jah Wo wel hve hat gio! ie igh love Hehe 7 Join the sentences using the word given. 4+ hee ema a i He cod Tip ~ Wen the be of he infin diferent '5 There wasnt much milk She couldn feed From the sje ofthe main ve, ly the cat (enough) Ue for ad pronoun, oun oF Proper fore belo the ini 16 The kitchen bie was too heavy. Wayne Teatachet was too pee or meso coulda move ie by hrs. (600) 7 Ie wasnt wart, We ould go ro che 1 The teacher's question was very dieu Caries couldnt answer (0) beach. fenough) ‘he tachee uastion wae te aul ‘or Gras 2 ansner owas very lt. could callher. (420) 2 The muse wat’ oud re could heart (enough) 9. He spoke very softy. The audience count hear hm (60) 3 The problem was very complicated, ean natn sve (00) YO There sn much time. We can go shopping todiy enough)Geran We fr the gerund by ang the ending Ing ater he expressions cant stand, can't ely, to. vet (See Speling rues, page 152) feet He, is 20 ge, 8 no good, wn ee orth here's no pot in) ae daly D acatoun, eer a the sje ora he obct ola ve {earning Enishi easy ater some vert playing ‘Are you wally interested in ance history? 8 Choose and complete withthe correct 3 He has fishes he tng atone tom yet Hes fa acim the ear “— — 4 Labs he a hs of ri before (ail ie pane stop oy wes { lean —tzon ‘Boy tea) wet 5 lant stand to tha ind of Hata been) 5 areyeu acauing ne of © ince) 7 fae dass by lane very 8 don el te Tage row 9 fixe ine ae of. 10 Would you mind oe row! Fen go wih Cro in the sernoon 12 Nook forward t0 yu soon 1 Hes aways Ben good ain 13 Heaonined = nl Hove you sees es pure! 14 BS po se to eta es 2 You should pracise se ano broken roe often 15 Thee no paint rr pom9 Complore with te correct form of Belget used 10. 1 Vane get used roving (lve) this nly neighbourhood, 2 jue have alae of i thankyou! seal ae thi e of ay. 3 Ive been at this Schoo fora month now but sil haven (speak) Engh inthe cassroom. 4 When ae first moved in with Sarhshe fae with someone else bu she doesn fi ie 5 Dore worry. You will soon (i) you new bike. {6 Everyone in my family is 2 vegetarian so. = (ea) veperbes every dy BP? corsa is nervous. Ths shor firs concert and ste co (Got sng) in rot of 0 many people c= (hae) a big (not! share) a10 Road and ctclo the correct answer. ma Change/fnapit or ‘She came to Britain - 2 yar aga She bo PM ere: ber rs nd shee ering 1 (I) be (GEa0d to her new Mestyle. Madame Frangote Bernard, cu new Franch teacher, <3 few dings abu he en Brat, 1 sl havent got used to 2) he / ng inthe cy centre. used 29 (3) fe! rg n sal ‘lg in Bizay Lie io ferent here! Back in France| (4) used to Jom used to ve with my parents. (8) am ot sed due to spending so much me by mel £0 Lost week, Leslie Banks interviewed our new French teacher, ‘Madame Bernord | dont Ive near the school and takes me almost an hour to ett woe But di not 2 problem. am (6) used © woven / sed “0 trove ang stances. | (7) used do am used to dong every dy in France, | have oes ar but {ake the bus to work haven got weed £0 (8) dive! dein othe lee ye. “The thing! mist mos fa is home cocking! My mother (9) used to dig! wed oo at the cooking at hora, 401 never had to lear how to do ie myael m not ured to (10) prepare / preparing my own meals but ‘how | don have a choice. Thank goodness | sam geting bee” sometimes | ot bt lonely. Infiative and gerand Some vere oe eer lowed bythe Infnive or bys gerund without here being a important dilsene Inthe ‘meaning These ves a begin, continue, hat, intend lke, love, prefer, Hat ‘The audience Began cheering when the singer walked onto the Stage. ‘The audience began to cheer when the singer aed onto the Sage ‘She prefers doing her homework nthe evenings. She prefers to do her hotnework nthe cocings > Some ves have a diferent neaing according to whether they ae flowed by the infintive or by a gerund: These verbs + son Sop + infinitive (op doing something in ‘rer to do senting es) Tatopped to buy a comic on my way ‘nome (stopped te buy a comic} stop + gerund stop doing something) {ve sped busg comics) " {ty + Infinitive (ry to do somethi ted to ssp bt Fou’) tay + gerund (ty odo somet\ina you ca’ fall asleep, ty drinking some ‘warm mil before bedtime. OF you can't slop, ty odin) las of hot mi before 0g to bed]‘remember remember + ifinitve(rzmember io do Sometting) Did you remeber to call her Test night (Did you ember 0 ca her ast igh?) remember + gerund (Don't you remember ‘ling he ls igh?) Don't you temember calling her last nigh? (Don you remember aling her st ‘gh?) forget forget + infinitive (orpt to do something) orgot tell hin lat night. forgot cal tm a ight) forget + gerund (ort, not remember ‘Ssmehing hat | id the pst never forget visitng London forthe fst te. (sl never forget my et vt 0 Landon rearet ‘egret + Innive ort something) "regret to el you that he has not accepted vourofer, fee! fo hve 10 Infor you that has ot ace your ie) reget + grand nae someting hat did inthe pat) He regrets no accepting the offer (He ages ot accepting heifer) 1 Complete wit the infinitive or garund, ‘The doctor advised her. E288. (6) in bed fora fw dye, wen do you intend (lose) for we USA? hve to (oracee) piying he piano more often. hate (ave) t0 say at home on a Saeurday igh Everyone started (ough) when she dropped the cae Dont worry | dont mind ag} De you realy hink they deserved (in) the ge? We st haven ished (redecorate) the hoe leant ag (bm) anew computer right now She refused (lp oe wise happened last ign. $0 on + Inflatve continue, any on ding Semathng) ‘She told about her childhood. Then she went on to tellus about the things he id at university (She told us abou at hlchood, Then se tld ue what the de ot University) go on + gerund continue odo someting that have already been doing) He went on talking about his ie inthe USA. (He contd fo talk abot he He ‘he USA} mean + infinitive (an odo someting) Tm sory 1 did ean to worry you. (Sony Teds mean to wory you mean + gerund meas, prenuppose) Ti fnnh the atic even means staying up late. (1 fnsh the yee, event ‘inane Ihave tay up te} teed ‘The wor need may ther be folowed by ‘he infinve or bya gerund, When it olcwed bya gerund, has a passive We need to paint the bedtooms. “The bedrooms need panting 12 Rewrite the sentences. We need to clean the windows The windows need Ceanina. (Our bedroom needs panting We You wil eed 0 wash your ar Yourer His computer needed Fixing Someone Those lecers need typing ‘The secretary You need 9 rn your sire Your shire We needed tw mop the floor The floor “The grass needs curing Shesit. gent 13 Compicte withthe infinitive or geranc. 14 Rewrite the sontonces, 1b regret 32-4. el) you tat you have not pasted your exam | know you worked very ad a i aad 3. Tm going co buy that ca. even fe meens ‘Goend) amy money! 4. Dont forget (call meas soon se you sre 5 He cold the patice how the accident had 1 ying oli an Ieee plncaalt 2 ee ney clear howe dive happened. Then he went on bearing (Gay) tha ie waste his fu 3 ee diate co learn Chines, 6 in sot. id’ mean earning (sound) 50 rude 4 Vang de Louvre was excing 7 James 2 vegetarian. He topped ke ~ eat) meat year go 8 Ifyou cant find Nac ome ery (ca har the offs. 5 ew be very hard eo pass thi sam, Passing 6 es nie to be abe to help people. 9 Dh never forget (ees ny favourite fm star Being ~ 10 rapret (he) t0 hi shoul 7 Paying with marches i dangerous, hve eld hr te ee ke 5 1 We copped (have) a cup of Wes eg co park here flee on our way home. Thats hy wer Patng Se 9 Traveling to Hewal woud be wonder 12. Dia you remember pny the e hone bil or wi have to 60 tomorsom? 10. Working in a facory wont be easy re 15 Road and complete withthe infinitive or gerund, Iewas my ster ithday and we had arange (I) EOE. fave} diner at 2 Chinese Fetaurant eat rg. wat 30 and | wae amon ready 2) nnn ene. had us ished (3) (pit) on my makeup when Trenlaed diac had Bought her present! Fe was too late (4) nn Ou anything and | knew that she would never forpveme fe (5) orget) her Bethy. had (6) (do) someting. Then had an idea. | decided (7) Gin) her a book which ad had for about a year but whieh had never rea. I took a of ny Dookeate, wrapped equi and Ie forthe restaurane “Tina was realy happy (8) (soe) that I had got her a present Ste thanked me for 8) be) so thoughtful But she fad strange expression on her ce when ‘she unwrapped it‘Do you realy expect me (10) (believe) tat you bough os for me she sil gave yu this Boot Yor yur bids ten monte agoprefer, would cath 1 We use prefer withthe folowing types f sta o say hat we generally pete els + german (to gonna oun) Tprtrreadng. {preter rea watching eleison They prefer wana ce cream ‘They per vane erento chocolate ice cumm ele ie ‘rahe than + bre nine) peer to vend 1 prfr ord athe than watch elev, ol pate ali (ster tha + bare tie) We use prefer to say what we would peer odo ina specific cae wou peer stay ot home voit "woul peer fo ay at home her thar | spout toma We usualy use would athe sy what we rather slowed bythe bare ilitve and woul prefer todo a speci cae, Would Is Usual used wih the fling sae ‘wos rather + bare inte (5th + pore ie) Theol vatber sy at Rome [reo ther sn at home than 9010 he ‘cea font na caseubere we have a dierent subject, ‘fom the subject of the inf, ne how ofthe subj of he main vr diferent prefer and would rar re load ‘Same ube, Difierent subject Pieler | (woul prefr vo do ah ao) peer to water the {would prefer sb io doth oul) peter goat water the serden bore ans een | sediratier [would rather do L eo rther water the garden ‘Would rather + vomebody + past ple the gurdes blo diner 16 Compicte with the fa inline, bare Ininiive or gerne, 1 would prefer. 9808. (ay a bit longer 2 She profes (G0) shopping on Saeorays 3 I would eather lone, (al ir ater They preter hot te nthe evening. (denk) a cup of 5: would pear (ent abou wis for afew days 6 Would you rather (40) by tai? 7 We preter (ave) dinner early a she evens 8 would rather (spend) the wockend with my grandparent17 Complete wit the fll infinitive, bare infinitive oF gerund. 1 rather ay... (buy) 2 ne dress for the party than Wear. (wea) this one 2 | preter (40) roa resaurane to (30) chore 3 rd rather {lew} now than (oa) for Cor 4 td preter (oor) harder rather than (Carrow) she money. 5 I preter (ee) 9 (earl) by wae 6 rd rather ~ (ein the garden han (say i ny room ly. 7 a peat (Girish) this now rather than (workin he evening 8 lay fee te. peter stan) c0 mone rater han (0p video mer. 1B Rewrite the sontonces. 1 would eater ake acai than go by bus I would preter fk ata aber than gp baibus. 2 woul prefer to Histon rather than ak would rather 2 | woul prefer so watch a fan on TV rather than goto eh cinema would rather - 4 woul ater hve some ta han drink sore cafe. T woul prefer 5. | would prefer to think about the problem rather tha answer right now would eather - {6 J would rater cook than wash the ihe. | would prefer 7 | would rather redecorate my fag than move weul profor 1 would rather read go0d book han wateh w | would prfer - nse gern 19 Complete withthe correct form of the verb. 1 lease dont el her abou the aecident 18 rather she al OW (0% now) 2 ra rather (9 over there 2 Pa rather you. (0 read) eis leer 4 Would you her (0) the shopping ty? 5. Would you rather. (ave) donee arhome or goto a restaurant? 6 rd rather we (ea) stout this her 7 would rather homework befor ging out (3) ny 8 renter (not tl her | aed Shel be very dappoines 1 is rather fc ds computer than buy a new cone than Ta prefer co fx this computer thr Ehan ba 2 Thing with your meu lls noe polit. i. a th your 3. The colle was 5 hot that | couldn dik ie 0 The cece vas ——— en 4 Ley mot tocar sweet. avoid 5. The police offcer dn let me park outside the Hosea allow ‘The poles offer eid. wee the hore {618 prefer to wait here rather han standin then. rather ft ——— inthe in 17 He forced me to gve him the money. made Feces Sto money i he STB SE CED) er ysecan do the writing activity fr Unit 12 (Teachers Resource Fe),Nouns, articles Trivial facts: ty Pater Did you know? ‘The herring (a kind of sh) produces 80,000 eggs a keason, Bulls (nd cows) can ony 599 in black and white ‘There ae more than one millon trum species in the world “The Sun s about 230,000 times iceberg conans more heat Inner eh the Earth, one nee " Bo plece of paper canbe ides > pipcraf are not alowed ty over falf mare san sven times. the Tal Mahal Grammar reference N Countable owns > Nouns that canbe counted using numbers and have a plural ae called ‘countable nounsUncounable nouns >> Nouns tht cannot be countd sing numbers and that do et havea plural are called ‘uncountable nouns, Uncountable nouns mr ssl: + food: bread, bute, cheese, chocolate, cafe, flour, meat, sl, sugar + liquide mil, of, petrol tere tara luminol, glass, gold. metal, mon, paper, last sl, sver, fin, wood, wool et + nouns thot express abtct eas anger, democracy freedom, hate, heath, Ienowedge, love, lack ot + vosow others advice, baggage, behavour, damage, elect, equipment an, ‘entre, bal (hig, helps Homework, information, lewelley, lgaage. money. ‘ews, fla esearch, room (spce), raDIGh sand, me (inl, tale. transpa, weather, work ee > To refer othe quanty of uncouninble nouns, we use messing its, ea hl, @ lize, @ gram, o some oer expressions that ca dae bar of chocolate a glass of water ‘a packet of ea {bottle of mil Sgpemofpowder apiece vf cake 2 boul of rice ‘jer of honey ‘chet of tea Sean of coke {Milo of meat 2 Seek of our 2 carn of jee 2 lire of water 2 in of soup 3 cop of ealfee 2 loaf of bread 8 tube of toothpaste > Many of th above expressions may alo be wed with countable noun: a packet of Isc, atin of peas, allo of potatos. > The expression a plee of i used wih 0 tof uncountable nouns piece of advice mpleeact eaiewe’” Oden eae 2 lece of cheese plece of information a plece of partie ‘piece of equipment 3 pecs of luggage apiece of rubbish We can ako use he expression abit obits of {bit of iformation ‘bit of bread bis of maper > Some nouns are usa as countable and uncountable nouns but the meaning of he werd changes {Countable ‘pape = meine dosent [stor =a ere Som onl e = one > Mere are other words tht indicate quant. + The words some, any, mo, Io of ad lots of canbe wad with countable and uncountable noun + The words many and (a few are ely used wh countable nouns + The words mach and a ile ae only used wit uncountable nouns Have you got any books on the subject? would Ike some advice. need to ask you few questions ‘There tn’ mach orange Jue lef ‘We need a le more tie,Plural nouns > Some nouns only have a pl and ae followed bya plural vet. They usually telr + things that const of to pats eg: binoculars, glasses, Jans, pyamas,slssor, sods, sunglasses, hts, trousers ec ‘These jeans are too tight + thing tat by tent const of lot of sar unis pieces or pers, 63 clothes, goods, sas ‘Your clothes are onthe bed, Singular and pal nouns 1 Thee re sme nouns tha, even if they are inthe singular, ae usually flowed by 2 pltal ua since they rel to groups of peopl. A shar verb may alo flow ‘her, however this ecurs more ary. Some ofthese are: company, crew family, government orchestra, police, stall team ee ‘The government havehasinvoduced @ new set of ls Some nouns, thay abo end in, ae singular nouns and the ver hat fons ‘hems alvays inthe sur. Some of these are: ahletie, illards, economics, flewronics, gumnastics, maths, measles, mumps, news, phi, pois Maths ism favourte subject. Some nouns end in - bath in the sngulr and inthe poral o5, mean, spaces, Many speces of bird ve on the land. enjoyed this series: wae fons. ‘There are many series on TV. Some other nouns at he same: deer the nthe single onthe pr, 6, sheep, Grammar practice ‘Choose and complete withthe correct 6 He cant be hangry! He ate a form of the words ‘of popcorn an hour ago 1 went to the baker's ad gC tW9 oT ICN, tar bowl ip gram leaf of bread owe an gs Te ieee) ‘ofthat chocolate ale 1 antes a6. of waters? 2 That of furore cost her renee dy. £650, 10. Can you gee me 2 3 Ive boughes of honey forthe poets pancles. 11 You wi need 100, 4 Lote ge yous of advice wether te ce 5 Please ger me ewo ofcooking 49. PHimake youa nie cl rom the supermarket of ehocoate of coke of of hot ts,2. Circle ne correct answer 1 Look a you! ou need eo brash your’ 2 Mirors are usualy made of «gs sos: 3 Spinich is good for you Beeuse fe contains Sloe fer! roe 4 have ass los of orange juice thank yoo. 5 le ehare 20 or or my coat in that suluasel 1 Uhad left some tary important paper boperson my de 17 Have you ever wished you could eave! ough tne! Les? 8 Thoy make dese notebooks rom o ejled oper eee oper 9. The hotel was excolene We stayed na room rom onthe sth Noor 10. He can 90 vory wll without hi se / she 1) There are dog ho! heal over the soft 2 Dente forge to buy o paper paper so we fan vee whats on 2 the mera the weaken 3 Sayit the undorined words ae singular (S) or plural ). Then eiele the correct Tip ember that some nouns, een hay end Inns are olowed byw singular ver. Some ‘tes sous eng the sae inthe singular ad he rep are not the mom inallgene of inal 1 Sheep 1G he mos sige of 2 Te alway thought tha alice are a boring subject 23. The asic fs hove serested one of she robbers, 4 Why i fare your dates covered in rut! 5 There re amose 000 species of pant i Gree 161 die buy the arouses because wos they were to expensive 7 Tyramnosauras rex was! were 3 specles ot dasa 8 The most economical aan of transport r/o the Beye 9 Dest hes vein herds dont they? 10. The ssone rein tat drawer 11 My favourite TY aces ore ‘The Wild Wes. 12 Your short lok ook ey ann! 19 Phas torent as ee a ‘hough 14 The good news ae tha coat more than £50.‘Aricles Indefinite article: an The indefinite re ln sed with singular countable nouns or belo adheres at accompany a countable noun, We usualy use a belone nouns o ‘ete that tt wh ¢ consonant and an before nouns or adcves thar star ith 2 vou ook, a funny story, an exam, am easy ‘weston > Hower, there ae some nos or soci that even they at ith 2 ‘owe ke a and ot an This happens [because when ws pronounce thr the fst Sud s consonant not a vowel ‘an umbrella, uiform im, a European county > There ae alo some words ht slr with 2 consonant but when we pronounce them, thes sound isa ome, “These word take an nota ‘hows, an hour ‘hot dav an honest man ‘2 member of Parlament, an MP pies aan: * hen we ate refeing to someting speci She's loking for a ob. (an. mat» ‘pectic one) ar the vr oe, when we reer omabody xeon ort 8 ie that Somabody has, Ms Haris use tobe teacher dames isan excelent suimme ‘sh he phases oneetvice a week, three times «day, 50 km an hou, £2 0 hl et. Tork ten hours a dap. Dente antic: the ‘The deine article wed wth ‘huntable and encountable nouns, Wie use the: > to alk abou something pec or uae ‘Where's the CD} gave you this morning? Ute specie CD that gave ou) ‘The ati blue. There ony one hy.) > hole names of ocsan the Paci), Sas (the Black Sea. er the Nie), desers the Sahara desert and mountain rnges ihe Andes) > before the names of some counties or sles ‘cho the United Kingdom, the United States of Ameria, the Netherlands, the Bahamas, the Philippines, the Croc Republic > before names of enemas or theatres he [Natlonal Theatre), Paae the President ote msseuns (he Natural History Museum. setspoper the Sen), specie bbldings o monuments the Eifel Tower) Sod ship the Titan) > Lefore the names of mes ithe Browns, the Sits) or nationale the French, the Chinese when we ue adoctves as noun oreo ‘gous of people he homeless, the “tnemployed, the youn). > st muses rtraments he plano, the ‘ula Dn the supertve form of ajc ad ‘uve the best stant sade exguesons nthe morning, the ‘terngom ant inthe evening, tt no th "he expresso nigh, midnight thous. > wus the words spot. nena, tent. bank, station te when we ree tothe ‘ain Rnesion ortho services that toy ofl [Lasgo tothe cinema tonight. BUT ‘There's anew cinema is West Set ere stile We do ot ue a ati > before proper names Thomas, Mary, Me Hams). > before nll countable nouns or belere ‘uncountable nouns whan se re generally ‘elon to these Roses are beautiful roses general) ‘The rores he gave me were beaut (he ‘pectic roses eat gave me) Le can be very stange sometimes. (ie : {The ie he led was hard (he Me of» specie pron) ‘Money makes the world go round money general) He lant me the money forthe ticket. the ‘pectic money or he chs) > before the nates of coun (Denar, Maly) tes Pars, tens), continents (Aca, Asia), mountains (Mount ‘Olympus, stems (Wet tre parks {Richmond Park), square (Trafalgar ‘Square and aes (hake Baal, > bolore the names cf games ches. Monopoly). spots eing, enn), shoot ‘atets (Maths, Histor), eal reaks. Inch, dinner! snd lsnguages(Enalish French, andthe English language).before he words bed, home, work, hospital prion, church, shoal, steers college when we ele tie ‘hain funcon rte base pupee Conpate the examples be John's at schol. He at schoa asa ‘pol, he sa pul) ‘ohn’ father waited fr him outslde the Sthool. (He wailed for him oui the Sally the school premises) Fiona iin hospital (She sin hom a8 to thehoepial as visto). 4 Complete with alan or the 1 She give him... book for isha 2 Have you read Boal gave you as, vwook! 3 There man here to se you 4 boy in that photo i my cousin 5 Heise his grandparents once week 5 Complore with the if necessary, Trivial tacts: é Did you know? a(2) te cakes 85 mines rahe co SID eet rom (1) Be Sun to a 1 (2) —— longest river in #9) word i (8) ile which is in (6) A. The sme of () ——-— squash corginated in (8) United Kingdom 18) gest cy in = (00) Chir is (11) Shang (th ar. =H = OF all the word in (16) > wi the phrases watch television and sen Lets watch televslon. BUT ‘Tarn on the television. he tlevison ‘he aplion) ove listening to music my free te. D> whe we eer to a species of arial general. Cheetahs are the fastest mamma in the word. >> However, we can ws these the and a inguor noun to ele space of ania 6 fe ehere .aepor ia Bimingham? 7 Uae to beat. srport as 8 Thee was. most amazing story Ive cer heard 9 Me Jackson ie ners professor 10. How often do you go t.. dentist? rAncarcecs if (13) only continent inthe ‘world da hs nonin populazon. Bein was the Sst couniry eo ies (15) postage sams. Eng language he word et has (17) mos dfniions13 6 Circle the correct answer, 7 Complete with the if necessary. Tip 1 He hein = Main Soe Wit nouns such host, schooh 2m pele op rom aon thi wai enech ce. tera, tat fcr op son we a efeing ote man ft, tebe panos 3 be ck at noon 4 Mou retin 1b afte hme er at ps wo. Fi? 2 ever reo went at 5 What ome do you ual gt up in thee snoring? 2 Ane works a nea hsp te oe work ne ‘ospitl inthe centre of town. 6 mf ve 7 Who wat you were ting 02 4+ He dan act ad was an to ae few mnie es besa te hsp 5 Whee ou fh wk te ok on 4 We wore ing. diner when he Fra! Se. 6 Mm fas gone to chile shel ok 9 Did you Laue when you co my eaher serena Pt 7 Shak dying maine 3 iy Je 10 Wegoso church every Sand one er 8 The reporter went torso the prison to HV Lean remember s--- Dostor Ri Incerview one of the guards. ” 9 Pat your new ets eu on bed te Bes 12 Veled doctor a esi shoud Suto ook aan Sorin bora wen Janna doesn’ work she sl at schoo he hoo 8 Read the sentences. Some of them are correct and some: sthould net be the have a word which Ifa sentence is correct, puta tick nest ot fa sentence has a word which should not be there, write the Word atthe end of the ine, 1 Res ean play the vin Stop watching the TV and do your homework! ~ ‘The Simpsons have bought anew house “Trae rng made of gol ~ Wo stayed 3 the Sear Hote ~ \Where can lind a information about this produce! ‘There 3 carton of min the fies. ~ ‘She was wearing a lovey blue des. We often play the tenis on Sundays o ‘The sence ie goon 4Nts acl 9 Complete witn alan, the or - (zero ancl). facts and figures (1) Te nernet began see Apranc’ in 1969-Today ‘i Q) fastest rowing rneans of communicason on) Pane! Here are some facts about * In 1997 there wore 39 milion paope with acces to the 10 oad and completo. Use alan, the or ~ (zero artic) Teemink Bicycle History byte Ck ‘The bicycle i (I) A very popular ‘The fst selfpropalid Bele was vented meant of transport al over 2) (7) United Kingdom by ‘worl But who imented cand how long has (8) KlekpabickMacmil ie been around? Last week visited (9) Blacksmith from ° Transport Museum tofndout — (10) Seodand. Ie ha (11) vary lage front. whe ‘The fst bicycle was designed In because was blved tht ths would make (4) Germany. In 1818, Baron Kari che bike fase. von Drais developed (6)... machine Which he called the ‘dandy horse: It was The next development came about in ke nade of (6) ‘wood and had no early 18s, when eh frst sfetybeyclewas Pods iewa propalled by the rier feet! Invented, Tht invention became. (12) — model for the modern boyee, Now youn oth ral ay br 18 eas ac Faome 1 Rewrite the eentences in the passive. (We svt Jon to the pry Jo a ied She pA 1 Thy sy tac is bool bate an the es one Histew book 2 Fran Roberts ong to orgie the reception. “The reception Sit st a They shod er at dig That old bung 4. Wer send yous eporc next week You pai ations Sear 5 They hen found the ring ‘The mining eld oe 6 ay pale te ore Pons. 1 sce ar eee toes Sa ee 2 a 8 Te a ey 9 He made us el him labour the secret formu, eee pez reais fo Senor wl ive pe sn ers y Mon “These Fears 2 Rewrite the sononces using the word given © Someone sole Bobs car ight had Bob nad We ear ete ae gh, |) We mute sk romeone to Fic that door 38 s00n as possible. have heen vas soon 35 posible 2 Saneam pores haiti = Phoeacopied. Fe Paeeatie aeroraneeete se eeetleee in when we spk fo ther 4. Hor secretary aranises the meetings for her. as She Tene nes BO SECO 5 Did Juie Walters decorate your ofce! have Did you nn file WalesLT 3. Complete withthe corect formot ihe ver, pending hi fae time in fort ofthe TV was starting (0) 2248. (ge) Boring for Fick Richardson, » severeen-yeanold student fom Calforna, He was tre of 0 (Go) out with friends and plying computer games, so he decided @ (do) something more creaeve. He wrote a book! "Wondertl Wore Mick’ first nove. was publahed a ew months ago and it has already old 5,000 copies nthe USA, “was never parielaly god (3) (ort) sys Mic uted (4) (be) a reporter forthe school magazine but | had never thought of (3) {ocoma) a writer! In fk. wat rely surprised (6) (bent) that Wonder ‘World’ was ging tbe publhed was #90 good (7) (be) eve! Mc as aed fishes (8) (wrt) his recond book ts elle Spar’ and ie wil) (be) publahed in os than 3 year Don forget (10) ‘oo Te when it comes out! Were sure youl ove i Ci 4. Rownite the sentences usins the word given, © The second hal ofthe pay was a intresting a the fst loss “The second halfof che ply .wanleee.otzstina than. he frst, | Talmose never cat meat, hardly | nee RSE mone 2 She ngs vory wel. a Shes ease wee aay) 31 Maris shy and har find #600. as ria s, hor end 4 you wry harder youll get better. the The der nnn you get 5. My CO player cost lot but yours was more expensive, much My CO play dO nn YO 5 Complete with a an, the or ~(eero article. ‘Wh wae the third preston of. the... Unked States? Usa isin. hospital with 2 broke leg Fea hot day and ba eidren were ying on the beach. ‘What cme do you usualy fave dine! You shouldnt Have stayed in an for vo long. How long hive you been learing English? “They sy that fe eB, Bont worry. This wont take more than... hour Di you see. van tha attuned the corer? ort be home unt rine ‘You shuldne work more dun eight hours ay. z Q OU| Er Reported speech (1) reported statements, commands and requests, questions for her Life Farwuald Parana Waters 4 Yr 10 ane oot school, tas won fest prize in an international classical ballet competion! bs | spoke to her the day ater the competion and asked her how she fet about her suecers. She fold me that she had ahs reamed of becoming profesional bles dancer and aed tt the owed her success to her teacher Me Shella Ross She std that she had never been happier in her whole ie ‘Congratlsons, Maranne! Were al very proud of you! Grammar reference > With reported speech, we convey the ‘general meaning of what sombody ai, aking some changes to his rece words, ‘Ard ere we use a reporting ver, bu not iriver commas, We can use the word that we wont He sald that he was very busy. ‘Mary tld er teacher she had ished.Repo spend Reported speech: statements ‘Whom we convert sentence rom diet speech ito reported speech, we mak some change. 1 Theveporting verb may change in some eases, Direct speech Reported speech Weusesay when there sno | We use say when there no inact ‘nde ject le uhen we a> | objec whan we donot reef who ‘ot eer oho sald ese words. | sod these words ‘We us soy fo or tll when We use tell when thee ian objet then an objec (ae oi Tris altar” | Valo sad ha he miss ha er ‘Vole said me, is my Ste | Vali told me (at she mised her el ‘Valerie told me, es my star” | Vale told me (tat she mised har Str 2. Pronouns a possessive adjectives change according to the meaning ofthe sentence Brian sid, ‘'m going to wear my new jacket” Brian sid (dat) he was going to wear his new Jacke ‘The tenes of webs change when the reporting vei sin the past tense. The folowing table hows the changes that take place om dec Speech nto reported specch inl he ens, Dir speck Repared speech Proent ample Past singe ‘lca hate hoo Ales a ht se hated oer ln. Pree conics Pat sentrious anki ookng fr woh’ | Mats (le woking for 8 newb Pat pi Pat pee spe Enea ab, ‘Sem aed ov __| as tha Sam had rived ate Pe coca? at pve connuous Biss, Tan tenn lsd ha had een inten, Present eect ie at poet siole Lone sn, Tue neve iden shore | Lyne ai i sb bad nee dden a hore Present eet entra Pa pore! ntact Nil, Tue been wating fx hous"|_ Ng! si hal) he had Bee ting fox ours] Pet peel ple ac pert ile Mopars, Ted andy et” | Mogens tt shad ead eh Pat erect continue at pect contrac Sasi, Thad ben sleeping for | Stud ha he had ee lewping fr sh hr ews val ‘wold 1 Chuo mi TWhetcksts’ | Clase si bt dhe wool be ack ato _| smn 99 © ‘wos going ‘Reto; Tmt wo ace’ __| Sot ha he ha to wok hr eet ee vn oad (Chr it, You ead cal her? | Che si ta needed need to To ive dias Twortto sehen —_| yeni ha che wane ose th i”The past continuous eras the same hen we vler fo on acon ors that was underway nthe pst when something eu happened. He ead, Twas doing my homework sehen they arid” He sad (tht) he wae doing his homework when they ave The modal vats could, would, might, oupht to, should and mustn't do ot Fe ‘Tonight see you iter she tld me ‘She tld me she might see me ater. > hen musts sod Yo expres loge endo, it doesnot change He sai, “They mast be at home He said they must beat home. >The tenses of the vette donot change: “hen the reporting ve In the present tense othe future tense. ‘She saps, ‘Tm not gong to sll the house” ‘She save she's not going to sll the howe. ‘when the sentence that we ae reporting exreses a general tut or fot hat ‘comin 0 app He asd, ‘Bucnos Aes isthe capital of Argentina.” He sald Buenos Airs ls the capital of Argentina. Inti cae, would not be ineanect say He sald Buenos Ares was the capital of Argentinn, bt not necessary to change the lense ofthe ver nd ‘sally we do not. + when the verb fous the expressions I wish of only ‘She sald, T wish had enough money fora new ct” She sald she wished she had enough money fora new cr + when we have the second or third conditional ndet speech. Sera said It Thad the monsy, L would fend io you. Sarah sid tha if she bad the money, she woud lend it to me. George sa.‘ had been more careful, would have passed the exam.” (George sald that Ife haa been more cael, he would have passed the exam. 4 The time markers change ipl ae [ox tag dy bo SE [are bo the wel i ep —— aera [ik tiga — ase tld. = Losey tld ne he wes meting hi the ftom dy. 5 Some other words also change in eported speech acorns to the meaning af the [Dire speech Repored speech [iste —_——____l aticrn —__—_—_] "Tock evry iasig He ald_| Hea hal hat Gao ey al ‘be erat ei esi be there tothe pr! ahe sd | She snd se oun go to the payepi speech) "ve decided to move co 2 1 Complete with steer tld 6 “Vneed 3 new CO pe he 7 Stephen ae aed cold me abou he pre? She tid tome," > Shesnleme had 8 ck tne thing oro ste 1 Kave 8d i ha won he fuer 9 She told met as working aly 2 Mark noo me be wa hg wo ge er oe 2g or ber bth. 10 Alex 2128 ookng or a ew ob! 2 She on en ed 0 Tn yt ~ tte eben theta fone 11 ye never bee Ha Mes tome tear ° 5 Sh tomest ever orgie you! 12 "Noone wa pang auencon hed 6 Mum she'd be at the office until ~ 530. 1 The securiy guard —_———-usthat we 3. Rowe the sentences in reported speech could’ enter ee bung (She tao me, You can borrow my comers £1 “The ese wl en fe mits the She eesti Sonoran ame sicher state siden 2 Janes att Ae"You mus he ee! 2. Rewrite tho sentences in reported speech ) vont cainep ou = k 4 Veo art Oy | He see must ve forgoten abou Sy Nahe sec . © “ou ses donor wine ah : . 7. My brother mig si be in bed she sid | My mother told us have ben loking for eee aoe . TESS nena en Hea wo Cr set gt pe (Suse ternal 2 "don vndorstand’ Georg si 9. My dad tod me."You mute ty at hme 41 Sue oid. stw Charles ony way to 10 She si"The Smiths nay move to London? sehoat 11 would love to jin you he eld us 4 My brother tld me. nt ging vo help ou 1. Shes Dad must be ed14 4 Road, Then rewtite the sentences in reported speech OMI weather to techs Hy od Cogn ts re Bec 9 See ar ia Fenn sey ed tre Lespepeenee erp aig vote nae weeks ag. (2) (sa the rests of ‘he drawn the newspaper esterday. {G) Theis no the rst eme someone In ny fal as won money. 9) My | | Tempers | = He a ~ He sid ~ Hesag He saa He sid a He aid - He sia - Rewrite the sentences in reported speech 1 He si never speak to hin agin fhe ‘oemnt apoings He said he would never speak to hi gain fh dant apologon 2 They oldu. WF Be bale ne week 3 Crag side bean ering ro write this are since 830° 4 She told maf you had Been on time. we ‘would have cauge he bus Ethan siden have Broa this morning” wife won io for he har heard the good news yet. (6) Shes rotrning from 2 business ‘rip next week, (7) fm going «0 cealect my cheque tomorrow and buy my fe some damon earings (@) wane to ge ber a surprise” MeWest sid that he had bovaht he winning cet: three meee before 6 “Pala was inher roar afew minutes ago! she sit 7 "You can park here! the man told us. 8 Fl didnt need the money. would uit! he col ne 9 Diane sid "Andy wasnt atthe party ast net The excher tld hin, "You ought to be move care?6 Rowtite the sentences using the word Reported speech: commands and requests >> order to convert ders and commands or raquests ino ported speech, the imperative tha exis det speech changes into the infintve. Dine apa She ne Laken cael "Don't reed At day, Alcs ‘anda sd Pos go 259 [ Heed. ase don't make 3 ra > The reporting woth! we sual use to convey a command or order are el al) and onder (order, corn). We choose which of hese two we wl we econ to the se ond ent ofthe sentence We do nt se sy (0) ‘Stop complaining, Jim sid to Lis. ‘im fod Lisa f0 stop complaining “Answer ey questions,’ the judge sn othe thie x x ‘The judge ordered the thie to aarwer her questions. 1 Thereporing vee that we usualy us to conse a request are ak ak) and beg (bag, beseech), again ncording tothe se and conan othe sentence. We donot ‘Se Say (to), Please omit when we change the sentence Into reported speech, "Please let me read vour article,” Charles said to Becky. * ‘Charles naked Becky to Tet him read her atc ‘Thelitle oy sad, Please, please, don't stch of the Hg” ‘Pretitle-boy sold hrmothernorto-amithftshetight: ‘Theil boy boaged hi mother ot to such off the light. 6 ‘The teacher id to us Read he Instruceons erful? 0 iver, The tether 1 Horry up se said to him. told ‘the istuctions carey She ola hi ay. op 7 ‘Pease: plase doit dive 30 se? 2. He nDonie make so much noiee,Tom’ Pula sid to json. begged told Pals Foe He so rmich ba vole Bsa sald to Maga, lease meet me a¢ 3. ‘Don’ bea she tld me. to fhe sation a sc dry? asked She ‘raid Ee atthe 4 “Give me the money! the thi ad 0 station a six dry her ordered 9 He si to meDont worry’ told ‘The thf athe He i worry. pet 10. Follow tha er the detasve said to 5 “Dont leave your toys 2 the oor she the der ordered ssid to her son, hie ‘The detactie She told he 200 hoe en fon the floorReported speech: questions When we convert a quesion into > However, ithe question in dee reported speech, the sax of the ‘senence changes, The en ‘reported speech doesnot tm to 8 ‘question, but ito a paste are. The tenses ofthe verbs the pronouns and time markers change, asin aterent “Where are you gong” he asked me speech sats wth an auxin ver (ag be, do, have) orth 9 modal ‘et, the quaston in reported speech art th the word ox whether. ‘Did you pos the fete?” she asked fim, She asked him fhether he had posted the eter. He asked me whee | was going. Some ofthe reporting > tthe question indirect speech starts ‘witha question word fg what. ‘where, when, how) he aso reported speech tars i he sane word 114 ‘ How often do you execs the doctor ‘The doctor asked him how often he, irons. ‘Do you speak Enlah? the ture asked us "When di he cl” she asked her mother. Jef atkes her, ‘Can you hear that noite” Ema aed FrankHave you finished?” "Where's the newspaper he asked me, ‘erbfeessions that we use ae: ash, ‘wonder and want to know. ‘Where's Jaco” he asked, He asked where Jack was, “Why didn't he cl? she wondered. She wondered why he hadn' called. “Who are you thing to? he asked. He wanted to Know who [wae talking 0 7 “Ave the children sl at schol? she ated 8 How old are you” se asked me 9) He asked me,Did you have a g004 time” 10 athe her’ What se does your tain ever te dnmer ready she asked her mother 12 Why aid you lene 50 ary she ase him 19 “Have you fished tha ars” he boss asked bin 14 -When sider and Jaret get marred” sed her 15 Lashed Mum,‘Do you need any hep “Was the exam easy se asked us. 17-Whaes your fvourke colour he aes 18. Wit you hep me" she asked hmRepo pee) 8 Kiri Dean, the American pop stay, is in 9 Rewrite the sentences in direct speech. onde afew aye Bowie ba ‘ponent guesons oped pocc Tip ene Indirect speech, tbe spesir's words goin Snwered commas a are separated BY 9 ‘or om the pating ve. 1 He sid he had never driven aca befor, He sad, have never deena baton 2 ahod hor ft was rang 2110 him to sp aking questions 4 Diane sai tha he fm had finshed rine 1 Dawid Newson, Day New: How lng are ou 5 The photographer asked us to stand sol _ging 9 stay n Loon! red seed, ole se wa gina {6 She said that she wanted o speak to Wl 2 May Eviqus, Chr Toppers: Are you enjoying your sap? May warted to know 17 The eeper cold Us not to feed the animal 8 He sid he couldn sleep the nghe before. 2 Steve Mart, Day Gost: Wen ae you png back o he USA? 19 The policeman asked her ihe rabbers had Seve asked been wearing mass 4 Taya Sehif Music Movers your husband 10 He asked us nt to ouch dhe exibis trseling with you? Toya wanted fo know 5 Jafri, The Bteute Herat When s your BM Reponed apeech: inking sentences ew CD coming out? Jetfased {6 Zenia North Fn Time: How log dear you t record your new CD? Zevia vated ro now sv am Moe nd Slee ou be Shetotd mesh wo hed and aed that ” penny tee cerca - ‘she was going to bed. vray tee Conca London Kinwondered {8 Robin Young, The Fos: Have you been to London before! Rabin asked14 10 Read. Then roport what the critics said and link the sentences using the words giver. Simulation III ven e Simuttion i he mow calergnggre Ive eer pipe m sre action me rs wil oe) “ress Waa sid hat Sinltion If wn the Ros caengng games he had oe payed ‘hevae sve tha ation go ors wou or 1 Rewnte the sentences using the word gives. 5. ‘Plat rh down te wolime! he 1 “Have you fe the computer | sks He. Nim Meee pees 6 So ab yt re peti She hed Be ca 2 He said vo mess let yesterday! had her wedding Te ee = 7 He ad to ee never lw befor’ 3 I see you a he fee, Hugh she sald he th He old me that She meee Sam him a the before. Pe) 3B He asked me, What 64 you buy for 4 ‘Did you see Dave at she par she aha Kanes bishaay? waned ine. whether baal | fad bought She shad me Ee {or Kate bie ae parte shore sores. (added eat) wonderworld, rece Gears Baker jot wig Wordres GereBe rc er ln are (reo) ‘Wen Iwas The Svangest Feng was my favour book rely dnt expec the fy ca be 3s good as the book (aed that) said to them, asked12 Read. Thon roport what Bruce Tey said using the words given, Tecmink = ‘As you all brow, | Sct Tem the | Sorat Cost yo tus el sout Famous Beth flor the mang ef your new le? decor hae been in Me Terry () le takes lo of ard work #2 ‘ake fle Poa (id) | ‘aly erioy directing ut) Sarah Whore ai the idea for ee ln come fom! Me Terry: (4) The fs based ons novel by town, shooting fnew fim Soroh Them woe hcky tough to inten him for Taem Linke! Sarah: MrTerry bw ong have you Been 3 D.K.Allan (tld I wrote the seipe rector sel (bu) Mr Terry (1) [have boon director for Sorahy What wil you do after yu have ‘brengy-on0 year (ad) Tae frisbed eh ln? treed sito fins, nd) Sovahe Which ie the most exci fe you hve ever crecead? Me Trey: 6) We hae sedy trad Sng he serge or Pate {i My deer Raney sng 3) None ofthe ve decd to.erect ie eed Se ras bon a exci a Seraht Hes your dur eer red 2 “aca (ol) Werking th 0 tinea Inlet ars a ben # Unig epee, ‘ne Terry (6) Pen if wi be he fee cs eae {i. (told) t'm sure she's going to 0 agent abl (went. 07) He ead that he hal been a director for twenty-two yearn and that he had dvected TEED 1c tins tyr ta 4 ners esReported speech (2) reporting verbsSARE SH ac ne a ae Ne Ta ad ei mcs | She i Sed nt cas Tw | She expla ht dared | oa | temetatadbemtoy. | He il Yous psd | Hore ht pad ie oa om | ecb] wll anve sis a Mam Fou dont Mami ai top. Ea) | He polo for being 0 es ‘Ther sgaeet forma he along wos ery ‘he wi, Laks go onan” She segesed gong fe cna ‘ada F Bat pa | Shes, Let's go te nena ‘She sugested thot ewe oe dena. [suggest + hat + abject” She mad, ‘Let's go 10 te cinema” “oud +i utout | She sugested that we hel go tthe enema el16 Corre nove the sentencas using the word. sven, a 4 5 can cary the sitas fr you Steve told pe. (fered) Sten eed to cary the siteae fr me | wont tell anyone! Mary si. (promised) TW ell the police I said. (weatened) “Ti come with you' he cold us agred) + want to tall to your bos! she tld me (ctmanded) No. Moni let you use my computer he sa tome, (eeured) 1 ype that atl for you! she told me (ote) 2 Rowrite the sontonces using the word given, “You should see doctor he tld her faded) Headised her to se a doctor “Dont go near the edge ofthe ei sid to tims (warned) "No, you eae go tothe par my paren told me. (lrtade) Stay with me please sid to Sarah (begeed ‘Ge me your ba the thief eld Dane (ordered) "Would you ke zo come o my par? Harry said to me. (ivited) ‘Dont forget rel Jane about the meeting he toid me (reminded) 3 Circle the conect answer. 1 Chis eteredG i)! ening me is car 2 She warned her son 90 0 Pay / long wah mates 2 He denied to break broking the vse. 4 You promised oe eng me wear your 5) He accused me of le ing. 4 Carol apologised for be ba ue 7 He refed to work! waking nm Sundy. ® Leuggsted to hoe! having dina at 39 hear rescue 9 The poleman ordered her to answer onswerng hs question 10 The Boy admitted a breok breaking the window 4) Rewrite the sentences. 1 He sid to me. "You told heey sere Ho sccused me of tling he Ha secret 2. She told me. sorry hurt your festngs! She apologised 3. ene do anything wrong! si | denied 4 He told me.Ye. ied x you He aamiced 5 They told us We'e 50 sorry we dire come t your party They apoiogsed {6 "You sook my sweater without aking me she si, She secured me 7 brake the window’ she sid She acmited 18 He sit ic’ steal the money! He denied 1 She sid to himYou area slich person!” She scutes 10 {sid eo her am very sory thae | made youre Tapoiogsed‘Sue wasn't happy at work, so she talked to ‘Mr Walker, her boss. Report what they said sng the words given sue 1 "Thaw started looking for 3 new jo? (informed) sre normed Me Walker that she had started lookin for a.nen job, 2 ty sary too low! (complined) she 3 go my lst py Hise three years ago (eminded) She MeWalker 4 Youre eight. You've been working very hare aareed) MeWaller 5 “Twe gen you too many responses (adrmed) He 6 “Tig you pay rise. (promised) He Rwnte each sentence in wo diffrent ways. 1 Yes. was cerponsible he sid He aumites $h02 he had been responsible He admitted bea reeponsine. 2 “Wy don't we invite Dave’ she sald She suggested She suggested. ok afer the dy! ! promised | promised epee speck 4 Nout sid cause dhe acidene! the man si ‘The man denied _— The man denied 5. Vi repore you tthe police she sid eo him, She ehentened She threatened ‘Donte forge that you have co be back by seven be 8, He reminded me He reminded me 2 ‘Dont go fishing in such bad weather! she told ve warned Seen cow fing such bad weather 31 "Why dort we have someting to et he ssid having He eran ek 4 "Yu can leave schoo ever on Teeny. Mz Smith tala her studens, that Me Sich promised her sudence ‘school ‘earl on Tuesday "ou shout stay up sorte tld - up 50 6 “Tm sony I broke your CD! tld her for r cnn Mae CD, 7. No.l dn’ cost othe na hes shat He ceied thew "Wy don you say a bic ong she told uve Sof peo ai longer EI sn rt attr steers Fo4 Relative clauses 2 defining and non-defining relative clauses, contact clauses, coordinate relative clauses by See Hira \/\/tam Shakespeare was torn in Stratfrdson-Avonin ISA, He spent his Srchod'n shoe Hee Sree whlch row oncef the town mon us lamas The og bmbevse where Bris pete pei as tom was ule inte 0 comur kongaly boned to Shakespear ter who war eo Suara most sucess been Te hoes hs ban ent tpt sce 1807 when nas Bou by he Sieger Ripe Tas Relative pronouns ulate clauses are todd by a relative pronoun. The ative pronouns are > who fhe) for people > hom (atom for peo > hich (i) for tangs or animal. > that (at for peope animals figs, used more In orl speach tha who, whom, o¢ vie, those (whose) for ppl, animals or things here (aber) > then hen. hy a. ‘The man whoss car was stolen called the police. ‘The restaurant where they had dinner was very expensive.Grammar practice ee bee aie vowel 3 The shop she wos Bn Cherry Steet 10 Theboy brother isa tennis 4. De youremenber the dy yeu champion isin our dss. free mes? Detining relative clauses > Therelative pronouns tht are isd in defining relative clauses ae: [The man what work i his hop Ts aie The boy wheat we met athe party ou The es whit ron the able are mie. Shea ar woe paltngs are very papel Ta alge wher Ter que new Bihion, ‘hate he dy when thot met Ceres This ot he reason wth Fal > Detining elite clauses provide the oration tas neesary i 9 clase ‘Wiihout hi, the dause woud ot havea complete meaning. Look a the example ‘The woman uo wed to ve ext door has moved to Seatlnd. we lease out the defining relative cause only the main clase remains. The defining ‘ste cles, who used to lv next door, is cesar or the uae Yo haw | Compote meaning. answers the questo: Which woman? Jointhe sentences using a relative pronoun. _-§ Av old lad cle the fre brigade. Her ext 2 Jotrt tga rolanve py fad gor selckin 3 wee 1 The get sald ehe wantes to speak to Tim She cae. 7 Do you remember the doy? We firs ame ‘te ait vho cal id she wanted ro. foie seho0 then aoeaia 2. The men have been arrested They robbed ‘The woman smiled proud Her daughter he bank © Santee er 3 The car as Seen repaired eas damaged The arciet som Sweden, He designed inthe scene es bulding 4. Thats the bookshop Lis’ ser works 10 The panging cost me £1,000. is anne a onthe stig room wall 5 The choose sandwiches ae for you, Theyre onthe kitchen ble,Prepositions in relative clauses > In elative clauses, prepostons may go before or afer relative pronouns. UUstaly an parc in everday speech, ul the preposion ar the telative pronoun a te end of he relive aut, I tis cas, the vlative ‘ronoum can be omit ‘That's the bos. She was speaking o him. ‘Tha’ the boy (wholuhomfat she was speaking to. > Preposions can sleo go before the relative pronouns whom and which, But ‘har quite fomal ands not usual in veda Speech, Pane note tat we ‘ceino! us a pepasion before who or that ‘The man ta dector. We eold our howe to him. ‘The man (whoiwhonvtha) we sold our house to ea doctor. ‘Themeno-shotthetwe seld-ourhowseedodien ‘The mm #9 whom we sold our house Isa doctor. > Plas alo note the flowing examples. ‘This isthe howe. dane Stewart was born there ‘This the house where Jane Stewart was born. “Thiele the house, Jane Stewart was born in ‘Thies the house In hich Jone Stewart was born ‘Thies the house Jane Stewart was born In. 4 Join the sentences in two diffrent ways. 2 This the restaurant. We utuly go to Tip We can use a preposition blore whom and 4 Shel the woman borrowed the money whch from be 5 Thats the room, She spends mat of her 6 Hiscory es subject ve aye boon good 3 1 done know anyone Yous sl your ear eo hem, {don now anyone ro whom you ca sll yourcan don’ know anyone you can eel your ear 2 1 Thisis the box Mum keeps her jewelery in 2 This the hotel. We stayed at this hota st ® yee 7 Shes the friend, share all my sere with5 Non-deinngretive clauses >The relative pronouns that we use in non-defning relative clauses are shor ae ving sagan er ich Mr ap Mis also. whose son my best end, com oder en Tul ove vst Fane where my moter was Born. She wosbom in 199, when the fist sont onded onde moon > Non defning relative causes provide additonal formation about emebedy or sonsting, ‘Thay arent necasin n 9 caren order for ato have» complete meaning ‘Agatha Christe, who wes born in 1890, wrote The Mowseirap “The maaing ofthe ass would have been completed we had sad Agatha Christe wrote “The Mousetrap’. ‘Thomnon-efning relatve clause simply proves further formation > Non-defning relative chuses aays go betvean wo commas when they are inthe mide othe cise My brother, who ives Biol, teacher >the non-defning relative cause atthe end ofthe douse, we pu a comma belore "asked Mary who sad dhe had no idea what was going on. > Relative pronouns cannot let ut of won-defining relative clases. ‘This coat, which I bought thre years ago, cost alt of mones. hein Hm tagmnsninnrsnen i at ent > Innon-deining vlative clauses that conn be elacad by who or which This building, ubich used lobe a school, was bull 500 Years ago. ‘Tale bulding- that aed school-wne bit $00 ene eer Join the sentences with a non-defining 8 Robert speaks exclleneEnlh. He has relative clause. never been 0 Erlang 1 Jane Brown got marred lst wack She used to work for our company. ° ‘Jane Brow, wha awd 2 nak fr our ompany. got mace et mek, Keun vas io avery bad mood. His chad been stlen 10 The ABC Thestre was fl bs igh It holds 2. My brother is yet He ves in France Trease Tree wa fe 3 His new book wil be pubshed i Mare. les fastens 11 ick was here ten mines ago, You me him 4 Carols my nlghbour Her father waches snmp 12. ‘This posta ie from Pari My parents are saying there 5 lan sa Beauly. We spent our ene 12M and Mrs Haris moved to Landon lst year They used to Ive next door {6 The year 1996 was che happiest year of my le ret my husband chen Their house was damaged in che earthquake eis rather og 17. That bulding 3 hotel tis more than + hundred years odFela clauses Coordinate relative clauses 1» Which on refer emplete clause In hice, the elatve cause eal coordinate felative classe and we puta comma belo "Thad been wating for two hours, This made me very angrt "Thad been waiting fr two hours, which made me very angry! 5 She it more than two hours le. Thi i very 6 Join the sentences using @ coordinate annoying relative clause. Jane didnt eve sy hello. This was very rude 6 Mary haga igh with Nick. Th exp why other, she foots so upeee ‘an aan oven oay hl wich was very he Fooks 7 Gavin gave me a watch fr my birhdy. This 2. Bob cid pats the exam. Ths made his save ind of” aren ery angry 8 1 thei aniversary. This is why theyre 3. He says he has met the Prime Minar This having he pars 4 Been working al dy. Tiss why Ife 29 ed 7 Read and complete, Use only ons word in each space © Ra's Phaplin. Care Chapin (I) hese. fll mae | Chapin, (7) was aso a very ‘nar Gare Spencer Chip, was one ote | elened rector and omporer appeared Thott tented comedine ofa ine. The | more than 80 Rene ede man @Q) made thousands ‘of people lnugh was bam in London on 16 | In 1982 he moved. to. Swizedand ‘ort 1889.Chapln,@) parents | Ie azee the rest of Ne wore muse hal eterainre rareed ths | wi hi wife Oona ON and thelr, (Greer very sary in Me He made We rst sage ppenrance 18944). he | Chap a fi (9) wala me ooh feet "A Countess from Hong Kong. was Tet In 1910 he lee England and moved wo the | 1967 USA, () he made moet of i fins. His frst fin (6) was |The king of ene comedy led on called alin a Lig wae made in 1914.” | 25 December 1977 GE 10+ cx co tno writing activity fort 26 Toachors Resource PeClauses ‘in case’, clauses of purpose, result, reason, concession, contrast, Puzzle Fone |, ‘Here are this week’s cool puzzies. wind Cores he then a TA scat waht daca Sot (oa lacencya e sen eter pee pe wean Sap etna o, 4 Lane tothe sation €0 pick up 3 2 ‘lefemy house hie morningin order doctor encher ands yer, to go hopping Although ent” Although! mew sat ove of them fave an umbrsla or areas, | tas eal Davie ad peer mee any deine got wee, Why noe? ‘Sf teze people before However. 23 In spite of winning the race Sally idenced David mmedatsy How? dae geea meal. Why not! ss ee rong (ETN ae rs iec ee oceans t stay a home ase call Taped a home ave he calledClauses of purpose > Clauses of purpose express purpose andar invatuced by various weds or phrases «When we have same subject. when the sujet of the ain clase he same asthe subject of th clause of purpose i order no to ow a ot 1, + In postive causes, we can ue te + tive ‘he let a 1 etch he wai Tn orderto+ noe | She lf ey inorder to cich he Wa liner. 500510 5098 10+ infiiive (oT) | She Te ery 05 ach te rain In negative dase, we can ue: ‘ward mato nie] She et aly order nt to wi he wai (ior oto, sont) ‘oat + finve | Shae easly soar nt to mis the Wah (onder e200) But we cannot we not t, ‘Skeeenry-not-tominetetoine ‘Wher we have ferent abject when the sbjet ofthe man clase I ‘iret ror the sujet ofthe clawe of purpose we se sot or order tal 4 tat + subject + canal Goa) | Flue er my pone numbers that {uo we ert th ean orth ft) she can contd me Fe io hm fo Ba he ko what todo, odin + saber + coldwoule gnu har i phe nib so ak ict) id conc me {sen te ert the pat Teed yo him he be would know hae do. Tn order tat Fb > ai Tale ber my pane wumibr order (coat w) {Wate can contac me hen ero the prea tre) | Pea im order ha be ow what ed. Trerdr tat + sabe ¥ eoultwould | | a her my pane number in oder (ota ol (ate cou ona me {ethene reer he pox Talked ohm i oder at he would Siow what too. > In oder that nd so that ay also be used when the subjects he seme However, in threo, we hae to rler to the sublet agai. ‘She's leaving early so that she ean catch the tain, She let ealy so that she could catch the train17 be Bacay Cle fede cog ea ing Tho org ters es De ha ao oe dns Be res de 1 PV od ad ite le mn ot he et ) Wace V2 21 pt cy mitt eto i ’ 5 4 2 call he, Re mgt wot rnenbor aoout toh 5 2M gue wana a rng, She might want ton us 2 Join the contences using in case 1 Toke an umbrea wih you. e might ra, ‘ake an umes with Jou cage Frans, 2 took an vnbela with me. thought might 3. Shes doing the exerese careful, Otherwise she may make a mistake. 4 We'd betar phone cham. They may be out 5 ane avg. dane want co urs er fesings Rick away takes some money wth him. He right need Join the sentences using the words given, | He wont to Brttal He wanted to vt hit _gandparens, (inorder) Firmen 20 Srintl in nder to vil he cone 2. She worked late, She wanted to fish the artle on tine. (60350) 3. I wene wo ce supermarket. | wanced 10 get some orange juice. (0) 4. Were going o book tickets. We dont want terms eh concert. (inorder not to) 5 He's boon traning hard He wants to win the race. (6035) 6 They went fora walk They wanted to get some fresh air. (0) 7 Het saving up. He wants to vse Canada in July (inorder to) 8 He dnt el har about dhe accident. He ne wane wo upset her. (50 95 otto)causes 4. Join ine sentences using the words giv, 12 She aay locks her ofc, Nobody can get He spoke loudly Me wanted everyone © hear hin in order eat) He epokeloudy in order shat everyone ould hear hi. am leving the note an the then sable Jatin wae when he gat eke (20 the ‘Giechem your adress, They ean Send yo the contract. (in order that) Se wated to get good marks. he didn want her parents tobe cuspponte. (ova) Take a map of the ty. We dont want get lost. (a order that) TW eave inns message. He won't wonder whore Lar (50 eat) ve wathed your lve dress. You an wear atthe party tomorrow. (00 that) She hid ner dary She eid wane her mother to fin it. (n order that) I post the laser tomorrow Je wl gt there by next week. (50 at) [Alc da he housework She wanted her mother ta get some rest. (50 that) Andy gave me some money He wanted me ‘obuy newspaper {in onder Sas) Inside: (4 eat) 5. Join he sentences using in order (nod to'so {35 (nod to or in order thats that Tip Remeber at moder (ot a0 0m (not) ore ont wed uh Be sie ithe In erder that and so that ae used when ne ubje ihe same dierent | Thay fire They wanted to hoop warm. ‘het lea Pre inorder to eep war, 2 I bought some more popcorn. We wanted tohave enough fr the party 1m going zo the bank. want 0 a8 for oan, 4 Myra wrote down Vale’ adres. She didnt wane forge 5 Ho took stax He waneed eo ge there on 1 Wie cursed down the music, We de wane ‘he neghtours to sare comping 7 Close the window | dont wae de et to pow 8 Franels 00% off his shoes He didnt want ro rake ary noise132 [ aeeto'+ own diwiay ——] The rived Inte det th em all Clauses of result Clauses of result expres veault and ae insoduced by various words or pass. 20 + date i, consort) {a ted 20 Twat seg fo bed ‘ot adecne/aive + dat an a) | Te o busy hat forget al Rim. She spake so qu sat col Seren wh she was og ceca 1 eles + sler war uch anny story that we foun + that Sch ala kde top Iota ck + adjective + plralimsnuniie Theyre ach nce people hat ‘oun ics a) verso kes them Were having chau weather hat We us 0 withthe words much, ma, tle nd few We ue sch th he vase a lo of [se$ much + wncoutble noun + tat | Thre war s0 mich note th we cular i fos many + courte run + That —| There wr ao mary parle te coer at eal ids |e ie + emcoanabe oun ¥ Mot] The we we ii he oom al we olin trae Go fw coma naim Ft] Fe made ou mal ati eacer oe in Isack + aot of + ancowiabncoatale | Spence nach alt al wa fat se woke enone | >» To expres the ent ofr econ, we can ako use there, comsequendy as 8 rsa (consequent, and 0) He didn't rad and thereloelconsequentvas ares he fled the est He edhe study. TherforeiConsequenthyAs » reat, he failed the test ‘Causes of reason exes the cause othe reason why somethings happening ad ae inoue by estou word or pace ‘because * couse nce, because) | The bus arived late because the afi was heavy | cause he rat wae he th ere ate ‘zie of > noipronoon | Th br arved Ine cae of he hey taf (eens of _Beeaone the heny ae he ba aed ne Seca of th oct that + danse] The us ave lat bechue of he fat tha the alle [Beem fact hat tas hen Because fhe ft ha the ai wean, the be ‘ellhar ¥ coo vu, cs) The bs aed lt ince the afc was hen ‘Since the afc ws hea, the bs and Ie Due athe hay raf the bo ved ate ‘on coun of Haan dae 6) | The bus ave la on acount ofthe hea wal (On account of th heya he bs ted ote ‘oe tion acount fhe act that | The us are lated oon acco afte fac ‘Faas dt theloth) | tha he wae wr bem ‘Due ttOn account of he ct hat he ral was hanes, fhe bas ore te6 Rowsne the sentences using the word given Tip We ual pat comma blo. We donot ly puta coma before because \ had erie headache, 9 | took a asprin, (because) rook aspirin Yecause had a treble headache, 2 Wie couldn't get in because I hd forgoten sy keys. (0) 3 They called the polce because they were worried. (0) 4 She had been waking for three hours 20 she was angry. (Cecase) 5 He asked fr my help because he cunt do ieby hime. (0) 6 don speak French, slant understand whi she saying, (becuse) | don’ know anphing about Biology. 29 I cant help you (bees) 7 Complete with because or because of Tip ——_ Because four by » cause [eemnte of fllowed Wy 2 noun, pronoun ce |) He wort be playing on Sunday Pesasce, eas bron lg 2 couldn concentra 3. She del fim about ie she doesnt ea im the noise 4. Everything wont wrong ly mike 5 He had to lave an emergency. 6 Led buy the sire ‘was 90 smal 7 They canceled thelr wip the fet shat wa snowing 8 Learned off the weiion no ‘one was watching 9 She ddr accept se job he sary was t00 Ion 101 ose my jb you! 8 Remite the sentences using the ‘word given. | Nobody Pes him ecaute he so sah fact [Nobody hes him becauce of she fac ha has so Sih. 2 Sho dre attend she meesng bests she ws ik of She dd ttnd che macing coe er tess 23 He's angry because of what you sad about “Thomas account Hes angry you sald about Thomas “4 Wie stayed st home because of he rin, ace what We stayed achome because — wae ning 5 Que ghe was dyed because ofthe thick fo, account Our igh wa lye the wick og 6 The meeting was canclled because the manager wat aber: fact The ety wa aed hae the manager was absent 7 We succeeded because you helped ut you hp17 9 Complete wit so, such or such aan Tip So's flloed by an mete o an ar ‘Such aan olowed byw sings noun ‘Such ffolewed by plural nn orb on ies s0 before much, many, few and lie nd sch before aa of 1 tas 82. angry th | sated shouting scher 2 tewas boring fn thi we lft before the ene 3 He drow foe tha we gor there in 4 levas cold weather that wo decided not co go swinning 5 She war sapplace the she sned ering 6 There were slot of people atthe tinea ent) ould’ ind 2 sae Theva 00d fends the they share il cher secrets, 8 Bobate coche cream shat he had 2 stomach she afterwards, 9 thd lle money tat couldnt 10. Dors hae wonderfl memories of sor tp t Holland tha she gong back there nex ear 10 Join te sentences using 50. tha, such lan. thar or such . that. She's read many books about ancent Greece. She knows alt about the subject. ‘She ead so many books about ancient ‘Greece tat she knows alt about the He gc bd marks His parents were forious Fn ungry could et horse Ie got lot of work so do. wont be ale She fle mbarrasted She dir’ tow what rosy te wat an insrstng book, | could putt own Ho speaks Enish well. Nobody can belo ho realy French “There was fee tafe | wa almost an hour ce. ‘We were having E004 Sime. We didn’. This exerci ie ificu. | eae do iby yslRead and complete, Use only one word in each space. DPT A ioc of things happen to your body whan rceutoe ony ede sda sort working are 1) ee mon ine our bey OG Aaee earn er to coms rary rg Cnt mes nado wcting frei are esp batt Dat) on pnp mare ood ote mace our bags nd to srt ore Sater, you stare brething faster Some other systems shut down ln order (5) to wast energy that your muscles need body © ‘All these processes require alot of ‘nergy. But where does this energy ome from, Wiel your body produces a substance called [ATR which tures () beep your rmascles moving. ATP is () Importane that without I every muscle In your body would stop moving Exercise means lot of hard work fr your body but isso good for you (8) Canses of concession its realy worth ee flor! We use clauses of concession orf to ow something is happeina, apt the fact hat Somathing i inuencig I Clauses of concession are inteucad by various words oF ses + lass a ‘She wat ed bake eared 1 Belp me howeves + clase Foweve depie al ‘She war ed However, be fered to Bel me ‘She war ed, She ore bp me, however ‘sthoghioenthoughthongh + danse (nero ea the et tt ‘AthoulvEven though Towgh hewn hed he ‘ered to hap me She ofered to hel me athoughieven hoonithowg she ws ed nape alespite + noun ere + noun site ofDespte er redness she oflered to lp me She ered o dp me pte dai her inp ab a Une insite ofDepte bg tre se fred to al me She ofr op men pie epi beng nope afesite + the fa at + awe (ape tneet ht) Tn apie af Dept the oct hat she wes tied sb offered t bel me ‘She ofred oh me mn pte ofospite the fact tat she wos tedClases of contest express contrast and ee inrduced by various words or phrases, we + clas (is) [We owe oman wile hs we ate thems whee + use wha 10 Me ping out whereas Tom wanted to 35 a home onthe ier hand + clwse | ik oan is rather boring. On the oer fad W's @ on the oer haa) cd ny to agp 12 Rowrive the sonences using the word iver 1B Rewrite the sentences using the words given, 1 Insp of geting up ae, we managed ¢> setters on tine, (although) Aiehouah me gv up ate we managed So gevtnereon te 1 inspite ofthe face tha wo lef car we rss our bs. leaving Te spite of leaning earh..we mised orbs 2 a pie of feoing guicy she det apologise 2 Despite her parents ebections she wank £0 tose the par. of ho parte 3 Jen ou in spice of thee tha as evtausted being he went tthe 23. He went on working although he hag 3 terrible headache. spe of) in al ene out 4 They went shopping inspite of she bad 4. Desple being in 2 hurry remembered to etter (chou) lock te door fact 5 Lae the cake although | was: hungry in Ina hurry site 0) esp nn ‘remembered lock the dar. 5 We fal a great ime insite ofthe et that he complained: complaints In spte ne had a great 6 She was wearing jacket in spe of he fact thac war hoe heat I spte nthe was wearing 3 ace 7. Despie the fact that se ered hard she fled the eam, trying Ie nnna th fle the {6 wont to the concert insite ofthe fact ‘oat ate pop muse aknough). 7. Abhough she's the boss she works as hard as we do. spite of 1 napice of he fr at he es to he. she truss him. (though) 9. though she nt avery geod student she id wali the est. (spt of) Dupe kv tae sheretet © | 9 Anau he new he yas mang eed Weer Re ee aa espe oh she refused t help me. 9 He wan’ promoted despite the fact tat he worked tard. working porns she wast promote, 10. Despite the fcr chat he was song he ould move the ble. being Depre he couldn't 11 spite of having problems she always heer (hough) 12 Although enjoyed eh fim. done wane to sesieagan. (nse 0)14 Jose sentences with andor we whereas (Tip le pn no amie cone wih nd Wo Sib hang th sot here Sty ines ohn wo dams ba hve contang meaning. We dd 9 else {hot is conta to hel the ft npr 1 ove waing to work every moring. My ve says aes Ue bs Toe wang 2 worker moring wheres reunion aie eben 2 wen 0 the leary this morning. | sw Nick thre 3. She looked a re. She smiled. 4 He unalywatenesTV in is ree tie. prefer Estening vo muse 5 Bob called, He sid he'd be bck aight. (6. Her ret book wasn’ very god Her Second one has already sol 5,000 copies. 7 He an fat. Ho won the race ey 18 ose she lm, Anne found it rather orig 9 She earns £40,000 year He only makes shout £15000. 10. We mee five years ago. We've Been good (ends ever since. 15 Read and complote, Uso only one word in each space. ») You've, probably heard of hanging (1) BEE have you ever wondered how 2 hang ier actualy works? w do they fly? order '9 A. poople use 3 ‘pail spe of parachute, which looks he 3 lite, Inthe shape of a crangle 0 Q) the ar can flow over is surface more easy (4) make ise.) "ar fying the ple must fn down a slope, 80 (6) wren 0 lt ‘he sir fow ovr she hag ide sree mem Is it safe? Yes tis (7) Ie aay good co Tey S| check your equipment before tach Mh in onder isn good conation Many people abo carry a reserve parachute o ‘se something goes wrong (oa never iow) A unique experience (10) nn tt of ang my Sound ater igen oie eat Fane of ce sore ty tae Kec be ra en ee esac ene SET ce Now you can ao the weting activity for Unit 17 (Teacher's Resource Fl)Prepositions prepositions of time, place, movement, dependent prepositions about your message. Sell ee Prepostons of time Preposions of tine ndate time eure: mat * foe the tine at eight o'clock * th expressions at Cris Exeter, at ‘oon middaytight midnight. a breakfast lunch dinner, at the weckend, ‘the moment, at pres Pon * th dys ofthe week on Manda + Torq ofa specie day on Friday ‘evening, on Monday morning Sth date: on 8th Agu * sath expressons: on m bovold day, on ‘Christmas Eve, on New Vea's Day, 08 ny birthday mie th cetaes: nthe swenteth century, ‘he scent centre 4 sath months: March n September * th expresions: inthe morang, he ‘iternoon nthe evening> by, un Grammar pr. “The preposition by means by’ "not date tha’ ‘You must be back by midnight. ‘The preposon unl means un ‘You can keep my car unt Monday. Dy and wnt are Nl wed he ane ‘ia by refer to something tha wil tal place (atthe ales by sme te in the ht, Wats unt we refer fo the ‘duralon that an acon ot sae wil fave Compare the examples below: Fibe atthe office by eight. i ae to he offce by cht at the atest) ibe a the ofce until eight wil be atthe office unt eight Then ill leave) rr 1 Complete with a, on or in 1 2 8 They came back Ou" wain lenses a8. a pase seven Hel be back Friday afternoon. [Nelle and Jarvis ae geting married September. aways send her a ard Aloc of ees lose ter leaves Iwas born 1990, ten Maid 1 August Crises Ev, four oclock he morning | afen have £0 work igh Ue wil be very ere the 25° carry A ee hin ny bith. [msorry but Me Neweon is very busy the moment mid. he sun will Be ireeiy over our head “The First World War broke out Auqus1914 Chriss Prepositions > during ‘Tha prepostion during means ‘during ans absays flowed by a noun, You mast be quiet doring the lesson, Dering ised in the sme sy hile Wie nots repeison and ‘otowed bya aus, Compare tho fetouing examples. + daring + noun Mary fl ane dig the fn while + danse Mary fl asleep wile she wan watching 2 Compete with by or unt Tip With bye ear to someting hat wil happen by sme tne nthe are Wi i re relr to soething that wil as til ee te inthe ure, 1 twit ae her when she gets back | ve left the, 2 Lees go shopping. The shops ae open Tal pase eva 2 Kate’ lat. She shou have been here 4 Lean come with you Ihave to ish eis arte fenorrow 5 Nowtm not leaving. be here five. {6 We dont ive much ime, We fave tobe a the aipore rine hes 7 Davi is in Spain. HeT be away Sera, 8 Dont cll him now Wale FE}18 3 Complete with during or white, 5 Helen called 70 were sleeping sew Tim wil twas wating forthe bus, & You ust not span... the exam. 2 She was 50 ted that she fel asleep 7 woke wp le the ihe the mestng, 8 Thiet cane. YoU were out 3 The phone rang nn Hwa nthe 9 No-one spoke... the journey. shower. 10 Youd iso photograph as 4 tbe studying forthe History est cleanroom. the weekend Prepostons of place > Prepostions of place indicate space Some of hese ae a pa Mie te li on ol Ties ol on Bs en BE ove oat Ls harg te pains oer ‘shove bows] | Thar aon th enc. in Pi arse ny bag ve mia inside (aia) Lats se asin ato] ube (oil es teen strove he bark ara “Teeese cee deri fl Ths wry it blow be ne [istics bk ear ere? Tha cna nx to be pro side eel Thay have a etl house beside er br Weal by eget warm ‘non offal) | Sh pred er ar i wt of uz baa bend bt). “The hop at string behind coi oposite (xpos Lats ut ed opposite he wow. ‘ona (among ora Toad tie maguene among eine od ack Tene (er no) | Lb tr Ween ond Tos > We use specie prepestions with ome expressions. fatone on ek ined onthe frond foor_| xp fname 25 Inpro onan aad in LondentGrece ‘nse mie ineshy ing In Widow Strot BUT at 25, Wilow Steet on. chair BUT in an smh 1+ on. bustrsinplanethiptikehors BUT in scantPrasat Prepositions of movement nicte movement and are sly used with ‘ves that ndcate movement, suchas come, go, walk, move ye 4 10 " 2 Circle the correct answer. =p ‘ate gop Bat moti dow (| Shean down ee oni on Ths et jumped ent he el “| ¢ tat Bo) He oti is cr md z ime ut of ou a Get ot af my 00 oat trom ee ease ore om wot af e ) Do yu dy waht schoo toed toner Taw fer wing towards ver “hu dog unped oer he wl round our (Ge round th come ong rah Tet For a lng tee ‘aos acoso es arom ppoe ie as ol faa "Theil bya of grea sum) pat wth ie ating Twat pan Jane hous sig | ibid) ml [ough stam ea He hid the flower beside (afin) ck (Ova hasbeen in at Nospal for ewo weeks now The manager’ fl name was print daw down her satire ‘We ha the paiting on / rer dhe frepae, I wasn'ta Jot home Is igh “The boy standing beoven / among Grace snd Marla is my cousin His ofce inna 25, Cherry Sees. (Our ate oni the 5* oor Ms Sims sat on nan atcha bythe fre nd told us a story. ‘oul see the bus sop in on your lef ‘The bank is! an Welngeon Sere, ‘Tore i one bac sheep between | mong llth white sheep. ‘They sto out ouside the te and vated Look at the lit of words on in page 316 [We do rough ee 5 Circle the conect answer. 1 The Earth ges tonrds/Gand)he Sun 2 We took fn walk aloe! trough the 3 Aear hic hi whe he was waking uh / cet the road ‘We rood up when the ezacher walked it / 5 The burrs got inacoss hough the tchen window 6 Viumped ore onto the eran while twas mening 7 She walked post) dough me without saying ate, 8 He fel ut of off the adder and broke his he 9 Bob stood up and walked tard lng the oon 10 She walked ou of off the room with 2 strange look on her feBe) Dependent prepostions Verb dependent prepositions Some crore fled by specie repeats. Some of thes are: saree wth Televi Asagree about sth steno fat stout pola for belong to (ream sboet oak at (et sh about say tr orow rom escape rom pay for ‘honk sor sigue wth Cons of ‘ian reo to ‘i coat Save bout th Gach to search or wait care nel pend on ‘hoe at ste Sohfovabout —— dagree wth (ahecareof ——womy about {Luih you'd stop shouting at me! ‘She apologised for being late. Adjective dependent prepositions Some adjectives are allowed by specie prpostons. Some ofthese ae diced to dapendet on falot serous sbout scared of Saito Sifernt fom good at proud of Silat Say ah sb dren aly ot fend tony abosttor thor about ntrested in responaible lor Sere oaboat feted abst jelous of td abou pred at fedupwath ——heenoo (hel same ‘edo! fond et made of sted whore about 1m not very goed at Maths Marks ray about football ye aay been tterested in Mistry Nowss ad prepostions Some nour oe lolcwed by sede prepestions. Some ofthese ars éce onout ——_dancripton ot fete i cower fitety itt) nuts to se of Srcamiononebout lack of fostof ample of cae aan foe Information abowon phate of ‘She gave them a detailed description ofthe robbers They have not found a solution to the problem yt. 6 Complete with a preposition {0 Does this Hook belong you! 11 The team consis six payers agree eh. Diane 12 Whac are you ewe alkng t 2 You should shah ish 3 Dont worry se. oe. 13 Goma is waieng weaeme 4 Tin isin ay 20m taking are 14 tm afd I dsgree , her cat fora ow cay, Sinaia tier ~ 5 bomnee irl? Peto cna of te rnd ete 6 How mc ey those 16 Have you thou thal offer? eee depen 17 The palce ae searching te Yu ca aways dep me rang el 8 Wie borrowed (400 Seapen 18. What toe does dhe plane ave 9 He apologees bong te London!