Stress

Average Normal Stress/Shear Stress in

Axially Loaded Bar
The intensity of the
Shear Stress
The intensity of the
force acting force acting
normal to Area tangent to Area

σ = P
A
= τ
Average Normal Stress in Axially Loaded Bar
Assumptions
Prismatic = all cross sections are the same throughout its length.

Homogeneous material = has the same physical and mechanical properties

throughout its volume.

Isotropic material = has these same properties in all directions.

Normal Stress
The intensity of the force acting normal to Area
σ = average normal stress at any point on
the cross-sectional area

P P = internal resultant normal force ,

σ = which acts through the
A centroid of the cross-sectional area.
P is determined using the method of
sections and the equations of equilibrium

A = cross-sectional area of the bar

where s is determined
Problem 1: A hollow steel tube with an inside diameter of
100 mm must carry a tensile load of 400 kN. Determine
the outside diameter of the tube if the stress is limited to
120 MN/m2.

P=σA
P = 400 kN = 400 000 N
σ = 120 MPa
1
A=4 𝜋 𝐷2 − 𝜋𝑑 2
1
400 000 N = 120 000 000 Pa[ 4 𝜋(𝐷2 − 0.01)]
400 000 N = 30 000 000 Pa 𝜋 𝐷2 − 300 000 𝜋

𝐷2 = 400 000 N + 300 000 𝜋 D = 119.35 mm

30 000 000 𝜋
The bar in Fig. 1–15 a has a constant width of 35 mm and a thickness of 10 mm. Determine the maximum average normal
stress in the bar when it is subjected to the loading shown.

12 kN PAB =12 kN
σBC = PBC =
30 kN
9 kN A (0.035 m)(0.010 m)
12 kN 30 kN
9 kN
σBC = 85714. kPa
4 kN or

30 kN 85.71. MPa
4 kN

22 kN PAB =22 kN
The 80-kg lamp is supported by two rods AB and BC as shown in the figure .
If AB has a diameter of 10 mm and BC has a diameter of
8 mm, determine the average normal stress in each rod.
The 80-kg lamp is supported by two rods AB and BC as shown in the figure .If AB has a diameter of 10 mm and BC has
diameter of 8 mm, determine the average normal stress in each rod.

4
F BC 5 FBA cos 60 = 0
−

3
FBC 5 + FBA sin 60 − 784.8 = 0
FBC = 395.2 𝑁 𝑃𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑜 𝑁𝑎𝑘𝑢ℎ𝑎?
FBA = 632.4 𝑁

𝐵𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓
The 80-kg lamp is supported by two rods AB and BC as shown in the figure .
If AB has a diameter of 10 mm and BC has a diameter of
8 mm, determine the average normal stress in each rod.

FBC = 395.2 𝑁
FBA = 632.4 𝑁

PBC 395.2 N
σBC = = = 7.86 kPa
2
ABC 𝜋 (0.004 m)

PBA 632.4 N
σBA = = 2
= 8.05 kPa
ABA 𝜋 (0.005 m)
Determine the average shear stress in the 20-mm-diameter pin
at A and the 30-mm-diameter pin at B that support the beam.

4
+ ∑MA = 0 F B
5
(6 m) - 30(2 m) = 0

F B = 12.5 kN
3
+ ∑FX= 0 12.5 - Ax = 0
5 30 kN FB
Ax = 7.50 kN Ay

∑Fy= 0 4 Ax
A
+

y + 12.5 - 30 = 0
5
Ay = 20 kN
FA = 𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐴𝑦 2
= 7.502 + 202

= 21.36 kN
21.36 kN
FA
VA = 2
21.36
VA = 2
= 10.68 kN

VB = FB
= 12.5 kN
Determine the average shear stress in the 20-mm-diameter pin
at A and the 30-mm-diameter pin at B that support the beam.

VA = 10.68 kN
VB = 12.5 kN

VA 10.68 kN
τA = =
𝜋
= 33995.50 kPa
AA (0.02 m) 2 Say 34.0 MPa
4
VB 12.5 kN
τB = =
𝜋
= 17683.88 kPa
AB (0.03 m) 2 Say 17.7 MPa
4