University of Information Technology

and Communications

College of Engineering

Media Technology Engineering

Third year / Semester two

Digital Communications LAB

Exp. (2.)

Quantization & Encoding

Prepared by:

Abdullah Ali Kais

1. Convert the following analog signals to Digital signals

A. S(t)= 3cos5t
B. S(t)= 2sin3t
Discussion

In this experiment, we used several blocks in order to convert an analog signal to a

discrete signal (sampling), we used a sin and a cos signals to sample it using the
following blocks, a pulse generator that produces rectangular pulses and
contains a sampling time of (1/100), next we multiplied the signal with the pulse
generator in order to sample our signal using the product block, next we took the
sampled signal and quantized it using the quantizer at a 0.2 interval that sets the
levels for our samples, I used a scope to display the changes clearly, I displayed
the signal, pulse generator, the sampled signal the quantized signal multiplexed
with the original signal and the encoded signal.

Now we should know that sampling samples the signal at regular intervals each Ts
sec such that each sample is proportional to the amplitude of signal at that instant.

And the quantization maps the input values from a large set to the output values in
a smaller set.

2. Encode the quantized signal using the following number of bits: 4

bits, 16 bits and write the noted difference.
A)

4bits
B)
 Now we change the number of bits to 16 bits

A
B
Discussion

Next, after finishing the sampling and quantizing stages, we will start
the last operation which is the encoding operation. In this operation, a
uniform encoder block was used to convert the quantized output into a
sequence of binary information in order to send it through any
medium. with this block I used two number of bits, 4bits and 16bits.
Above, I displayed you both of the 4 and 16 stages and we can clearly
see the difference in the amplitude, when using 4 bits, the amplitude
was equal to 10 because 4bits mean a representation for 16 levels, but
when I increased it to 16 bits, the amplitude value was clearly increased
to a very large number that is the representation of 2^16 levels and
for example setting it to 8bits will give us a representation for 2^8 levels
and so on.

this puts us into the fact that increasing number of bits means
increasing the amplitude and thus increasing the including of levels.