Flight Dynamics:

Analysis and Control

or

The Design Stability of Aerospace Vehicles including the Guidance,

Control, and Dynamics of Piloted Flight

by

Daniel J. Biezad, Ph.D.

2009 Edition
 FLIGHT SYSTEMS ENGINEERING: Volume 1
DESIGN STABILITY OF AEROSPACE VEHICLES

Flight Systems Design for Stability of Piloted Flight

{Week Number}
(Handout Reference)
[Text Sections: Nelson 2nd Edition]

2
1. Mathematical Tools for Flight Analysis {W1}

1.1. Review of Fundamentals

1.1.1. Scientific/Engineering Method

1.1.2. Dynamics Principles

1.1.3. Centroids and Moments of Inertia

(articles/Nasa_Dryden/wt_and_balance.pdf)

1.1.4. Vectors and Matrices (Articles/Math Review)

1.1.4.1. Multiplication, Transposition, and Inversion

1.1.4.2. Eigenvalues

1.1.4.3. Eigenvectors

1.1.5. Coordinate Systems and Coordinate Transformations

1.1.6. Taylor Expansion for Vectors

1.1.7. LaPlace Transform

1.1.8. 1st and 2nd order differential equations

1.2. Flight Applications

1.2.1. The Atmospheric Box for Angle of Attack and Sideslip

1.2.2. Reference Frames for Earth and Flight

1.2.3. Angular Velocity Sensors of an Aircraft

1.2.4. Euler Angles and Euler Angular Rates

1.2.4.1. Pitch, Roll, and Heading Displays for the Pilot

1.2.4.2. Gimbal Lock

1.2.4.3. Transformation Between Body and Local Vertical Axes

(67)

3
 1.2.4.4. Quaternions

1.2.5. Earth Referenced Velocity

1.2.6. Coriolis Theorem

1.2.7. Time Rate of Change of a Coordinate Transformation

1.2.8. Force, Specific Force, and Gravity

2. Aircraft Equations of Motion {W2-W3}

2.1. Newton’s Laws [Chapter 3]

2.1.1. Coriolis Theorem Applied to Atmospheric Flight

2.1.2. Fundamental Navigation Equation

2.1.3. Flight Simulation Equations (Nine, Nonlinear, Coupled)

2.2. Simplified Aerospace Vehicle Equations

2.2.1. Translational Equations of Motion

2.2.2. Rotational Equations of Motion

2.2.3. Longitudinal Equation Set

2.2.4. Lateral Equation Set

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3. Designing for Static Stability of “Trimmed” Flight {W4-W6}

3.1. Introduction to Static Stability Derivatives [Chapter 2]

3.1.1. Basic Wing Aerodynamics

3.1.2. Wing Upwash and Downwash

3.1.3. Steady State Stability Derivatives

3.2. Longitudinal Static Stability

3.2.1. Aerodynamic Center (Neutral Point)

3.2.2. Fundamental Equation of Longitudinal Static Stability

3.2.3. Static Margin

3.2.4. Lateral Static Stability

3.3. Designing for Steady State Flight Stability

3.3.1. Trimmed Flight Condition in Level Flight

3.3.2. Trim Cm - CL Plot Flight Envelope

3.3.2.1. Center of Gravity Limits

3.3.2.2. Rotation Limits for Takeoff and Landing

3.3.2.3. Stall Regions

3.3.3. Tail Sizing for Static Stability

3.3.4. Steady-State Pull-Up and the Maneuver Point

3.3.5. Turning Flight Stability

3.3.6. Engine-Out Flight Stability and Control

5
4. Designing for Dynamic Stability of Perturbed Flight {W7-W10}

4.1. The Concept of Dynamic Stability [Chapters 4,5]

4.1.1. Mathematical Basis

4.1.1.1. Perturbed Stability Axes

4.1.1.2. Body Referenced CSB and Air-Path Referenced CSA

4.1.2. Applications to Flying Qualities of Aircraft

4.2. Perturbed Flight Equations

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 4.2.1. Right-Hand-Side Motion Terms

4.2.2. Left-Hand-Side Force and Moment Terms

4.2.3. Uncoupling the Perturbed Equation Set

4.3. Introduction to Dynamic Stability Derivatives

4.3.1. Non-Dimensional Dynamic Stability Derivatives

4.3.2. Dimensional Dynamic Derivatives

4.4. Matrix Representation of the Perturbed Flight Equations (3.40-3.46)

4.4.1. Transfer Functions

4.4.2. Modes of Flight

4.4.3. Literal Factors

4.5. Designing for Dynamic Flight Stability

4.5.1. Root Locus Analysis

4.5.2. Frequency Response Analysis

4.5.3. Tail Sizing for Dynamic Stability

4.6. Handling Qualities Analysis

4.6.1. Pilot Rating for Aircraft Test Flights

4.6.2. Longitudinal Requirements

4.6.2.1. PIO

4.6.2.2. Equivalent System Transfer Function

4.6.3. Lateral Requirements

7
5. Introduction to Aircraft Augmentation Systems

6. Appendix

6.1. Examples of Aircraft Dynamic Models

6.2. Dynamic Stability from Computer Analysis

6.2.1. Standard Aircraft Data (SAD) Files

6.2.2. Flight.f and Flight2.f FORTRAN programs

6.3. Handling Qualities from Computer Analysis

6.3.1. Archangel CAD Package

6.4. Review of and Guide to Classical Control