Shaina Marie B.

Millan 10-02-18
BSN- 103 Ms. Riza Magsino

ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY

LAPTOP-4EV9IL2O
IP 192.168.43.96
MAC C8:FF:28l09:CD:49

I. INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

1. The rate of water loss from the skin of the hand was measured. Following the
measurement the hand was soaked in alcohol for 15 minutes. After all the alcohol was
removed from the hand, the rate of water loss was again measured. Compared to the rate of
water loss before soaking the hand in alcohol, what difference, if any, would you expect in
the rate of water loss after soaking the hand in alcohol.

Answer: Alcohol is a solvent that dissolves lipids. It removes the lipids from the skin, especially
in the stratum cornieum. The rate of water loss increases after soaking the hand in alcohol
because of the removal of the lipids that normally prevent water loss.

2. It has been several weeks since Goodboy Player has competed in a tennis match. After the
match he discovers that a blister has formed beneath an old callus on his foot and the
callus has fallen off. When he examines the callus he discovers that it appears yellow. Can you
explain why?

Answer: Since Goodboy’s callus is old, most probably, there are layers of calluses on his foot.
There’s a yellow pigment called Carotene that come from ingested plants, accumulates in lipids.
Hence, it makes the callus yellow because the cells in each layer of a callus are enclosed by
lipids. Moreover, not wearing comfortable footwear and straining your feet in them would result
to callus and blisters, so it is advised to wear comfortable and ergonomic footwear.

3. Why is it difficult to surgically remove a large tattoo without causing scar tissue to form?
(Hint: why do tattoos appear bluish in color?)

Answer: Tattoo is instilling permanent ink in the deeper layer (middle) of the skin, if the tattoo
artist failed to put the ink in that layer complications may occur. Scarring can happen, the body
tissue will try to heal since it’s broken naturally, the body would produce collagen hence,
scarring can develop from the skin producing collagen. Instead of a healed skin, your skin will
result to sunken skin or Keloid. The colors of the tattoo may appear bluish in color for the reason
that the pigment can be influenced by the light scattering effect of collagen in the dermis.

4. Given what you know about the cause of body odor, propose some ways to prevent the
condition.

Answer: Body odor is the perceived unpleasant smell our bodies can give off when bacteria that
live on the skin break down sweat into acids. There are 6 tips in preventing body odor, as
follows:

1. Keep Yourself Clean. Shower at least once a day, and you'll wash away sweat and get
rid of some of the bacteria on your skin. When the bacteria that live on your skin mix
with sweat, they multiply quickly and raise quite a stink, washing thoroughly, especially
the areas where you tend to sweat, can help lessen body odor.
2. Use Antibacterial Soap. Washing thoroughly with an antibacterial soap bar will help get
rid of some bacteria, which can help with the odor.
3. Dry yourself thoroughly. Once you've showered, dry yourself completely, paying close
attention to any areas where you sweat a lot. If your skin is dry, it's harder for bacteria
that cause body odor to breed on it.
4. Use 'Industrial Strength' Antiperspirants. You don’t need a prescription to get a
powerful antiperspirant. Look for ones that say they’re higher strength. Once you’re clean
and dry, use a strong antiperspirant on your underarms. These have aluminum chloride, a
chemical that helps keep sweat at bay, and they often also have a deodorant in them.
5. Keep Your Clothes Clean. Change clothes often when you're sweating heavily. Fresh
clothes help keep body odor down. Also, make sure to change your socks as well,
especially if you tend to have foot odor. Use deodorant powders in your shoes, replace
insoles often, and go barefoot when possible.
6. Cut Out Certain Foods and Drinks. What you ingest affects your body odor. Foods that
tend to make you sweat more, such as hot peppers or other spicy foods, might also lead to
body odor. Moreover, the aroma of foods like onions or garlic can be carried in your
sweat. Drinks with caffeine or alcohol may also make you sweat more.

5. Dandy Chef has been burned on the arm. The doctor, using a forceps, pulls on a hair within
the area that was burned. The hair easily pulls out. What degree of burn did the patient have and
how do you know?

Answer: The patient has a third degree burn for the reason that this type of burn affects the
dermis and deeper tissues thus, numbness is evident because the nerve endings are destroyed.